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Previously 11 Elaphropeza species were known from Taiwan. The following two species of the genus Elaphropeza are described: Elaphropeza flaviscutum sp. n. and Elaphropeza trimacula sp. n. One species, Elaphropeza plumata Yang, Merz & Grootaert, is newly recorded from Taiwan. A key to 14 known species of Elaphropeza from Taiwan is presented.
Diptera, Empididae, Tachydromiinae, Elaphropeza, new species
Elaphropeza Macquartis a large genus in the subfamily Tachydromiinae traditionally placed in the family Empididae (
The terminology follows
| 1 | Head black | 2 |
| – | Head yellow | Elaphropeza xanthocephala Bezzi |
| 2 | Hind tibia with 1-2 ad | 3 |
| – | Hind tibia without ad | Elaphropeza trimacula sp. n. |
| 3 | Hind tibia with 1 ad | 4 |
| – | Hind tibia with 2 ad | 9 |
| 4 | Mesoscutum entirely yellow | 5 |
| – | Mesoscutum patterned | 8 |
| 5 | Hind tibia with short rounded projection | 6 |
| – | Hind tibia with long pointed apical projection | Elaphropeza calcarifera Bezzi |
| 6 | Scutellum wholly brown or black | 7 |
| – | Scutellum brown medially | Elaphropeza marginalis Bezzi |
| 7 | Arista short, as long as basal three segments; acr and dc muliseriate | Elaphropeza melanura Bezzi |
| – | Arista very long, at least twice as long as basal three segments; acr biseriate, dc uniseriate | Elaphropeza kerteszi Bezzi |
| 8 | Arista not thickened; mesoscutum pattern not as below | Elaphropeza pictithorax Bezzi |
| – | Arista thickened with plumose pubescence; mesoscutum with two small lateral spots and one large mid-posterior spot | Elaphropeza plumata Yang, Merz & Grootaert |
| 9 | Mesoscutum entirely yellow | 10 |
| – | Mesoscutum patterned | 12 |
| 10 | Scutellum black at middle or entirely blackish | 11 |
| – | Scutellum entirely yellow | Elaphropeza formosae Bezzi |
| 11 | Scutellum black at middle; hypopleuron yellow, metapleuron brownish at upper part | Elaphropeza scutellaris Bezzi |
| – | Scutellum entirely black; hypopleuron black except narrow lower portion, metapleuron entirely yellow | Elaphropeza flaviscutum sp. n. |
| 12 | Hind tibia with indistinct, rounded projection | 13 |
| – | Hind tibia with long pointed apical projection | Elaphropeza longicalcaris (Saigusa) |
| 13 | Scutellum wholly black | Elaphropeza lanuginosa Bezzi |
| – | Scutellum black at middle | Elaphropeza scutellaris Bezzi |
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A8DFF1F-A5BF-4D4A-82C6-D217BD5B2ACD
http://species-id.net/wiki/Elaphropeza_flaviscutum
Figs 1–2, 5–7Mesoscutum entirely yellow; scutellum entirely blackish; postnotum entirely blackish. Thoracic pleuron with only hypopleuron black except lower portion. Left surstylus large and broad; left cercus long with swollen apex.
Male. Body length 2.4–2.6 mm, wing length 2.2–2.5 mm.
Head black with pale gray pollinosity. Setulae and setae on head brownish yellow. Eyes contiguous on face. Ocellar tubercle with 2 oc and 2 short posterior setulae; 1 vt curved inward, slightly longer than oc. Antenna brown except scape and pedicel yellow; scape bare, shorter than pedicel; pedicel with circlet of blackish apical setulae; 1st flagellomere short, conical, 2.0 times longer than wide, short pubescent; arista long (4 times longer than 1st flagellomere), dark brown, short pubescent. Proboscis brownish yellow with blackish setulae; palpus yellow with blackish setulae and 1 blackish apical seta.
Thorax mostly yellow with thin pale gray pollinosity; mesoscutum lacking dark spots; scutellum and postnotum blackish, laterotergite yellow; hypopleuron black except lower portion, metapleuron without spot. Setulae and setae on thorax blackish; mesoscutum with sparse setulae; h absent, 2 npl (posterior npl longer), 1 sa, 1 psa, biseriate acr, uniseriate dc and 1 long strong posteriormost dc; scutellum with two pairs of sc (basal pair very short, about ¼ as long as apical pair). Legs yellow. Setulae and setae on legs blackish; fore coxa with 2 anterior setae at base, apically with 2 anterior setae; mid coxa apically with 3 anterior setae; hind coxa with 1 outer seta at apical margin. Fore femur 1.1 times as thick as mid femur, mid and hind femora subequal in thickness. Fore and mid femora each with 1 long thin pv at extreme base; mid femur with 1 preapical anterior seta; hind femur with 3 weak ad at base. Fore tibia apically with 1 av and 1 pv; mid tibia with row of short spine-like brown ventral setae, apically with 1 av and 1 pv; hind tibia with 2 ad, apically with 1 av. Hind tarsomere 1 without distinct ventral setae. Wing hyaline, veins dark brown, crossvein m-cu nearly vertical. Calypter brown with blackish setulae. Halter brown.
Abdomen mostly yellow with thin pale gray pollinosity; tergite 1 wholly membranous; tergites 2–3 brown, each with pair of subtrianglur lateral sclerites brown, medially linear and interrupted; tergite 4 broadest and tergite 5 narrow, blackish; tergite 5 anteriorly with large, separated, bare, blackish sclerite hidden within tergite 4; hypopygium dark brownish yellow. Setulae and setae on abdomen blackish except tergites 4–5 each with group of short squamiform black setae laterally, tergite 7 with row of long setae at posterior margin.
Male genitalia (Figs 5–7): Left epandrial lobe rather narrow in dorsal view, with surstylus large and broad in lateral view. Right epandrial lobe rather large in dorsal view, fused with apically narrowed surstylus. Left cercus long with swollen apex; right cercus rather short, about 1/3 as long left cercus.
Elaphropeza flaviscutum sp. n. 1 adult, lateral view 2 adult, dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype male, Taiwan, Nantou, Lianhuachi (120.8900E, 23.9260N), 2010. XI.11, Ding Yang. Paratype 2 males, same data as holotype. These specimens were collected from tropical forest by sweep net.
China (Taiwan).
The specific name refers to the yellow scutum.
This new species belongs to Elaphropeza ephippiata group, and is similar to Elaphropeza scutellaris Bezzi from Taiwan of China, but may be separated from the latter by the scutum entirely yellow, scutellum and postnotum entirely blackish, hypopleuron black except narrow lower portion and metapleuron without spot. In Elaphropeza scutellaris, the scutum usually has the indistinct vittae; the scutellum and postnotum are yellow with brownish spot in middle; the hypopleuron has no spot, the metapleuron is brownish at the upper part (
http://species-id.net/wiki/Elaphropeza_plumata
Arista thick with plumose pubescence. Mesoscutum with two small lateral spots and one large mid-posterior spot. Abdominal tergites 3–5 without short squamiform setae.
1 female, Taiwan, Jiayi, Shuisheliao (120.6595E, 23.6544N), 1165 m, 2010. XI. 16, Ding Yang. This specimen was collected from tropical forest by sweep net.
China (Guangdong, Taiwan).
This can be easily distinguished from other known species of the genus by the thick arista and unique marking pattern of the mesoscutum.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1EB36F18-11CA-4C67-B43D-911A6220D062
http://species-id.net/wiki/Elaphropeza_trimacula
Figs 3–4, 8–10Arista with distinct pubescence. Mesoscutum with three black spots. Hind tibia without ad. Left cercus rather large with 7 long strong apical setae.
Male. Body length 2.3 mm, wing length 2.5 mm.
Head black with pale gray pollinosity. Setulae on head yellow, setae brownish yellow. Eyes contiguous on face. Ocellar tubercle with 2 oc and 2 short posterior setulae; 2 vt curved inward, outer vt shorter than inner vt. Antenna dark brown except scape and pedicel yellow; scape bare, shorter than pedicel; pedicel with circlet of blackish apical setulae; 1st flagellomere long, conical, 2.4 times longer than wide, short pubescent; arista long (3.6 times longer than 1st flagellomere), dark brown, distinctly pubescent. Proboscis dark brownish yellow with blackish setulae; palpus yellow with blackish setulae and 1 blackish apical seta.
Thorax mostly yellow with thin pale gray pollinosity; mesoscutum with three blackish spots, median spot running through entire scutum and wider anteriorly; scutellum and postnotum black; pleuron with posterior portion (including hypopleuron, metapleuron and posterior portion of pteropleuron) black, mesopleuron and sternopleuron each with a blackish spot. Setulae on thorax yellow, setae brownish yellow; mesoscutum with short dense setulae; h absent, 2 npl (posterior npl longer), 1 prsc, 1 sa, 1 psa, acr and dc multiseriate and uniformly short; scutellum with two pairs of sc (basal pair very short, about ¼ as long as apical pair). Legs yellow except fore tibia and tarsus brown, mid tarsus and hind tarsomere 5 brownish yellow. Setulae and setae on legs blackish; fore coxa with 2 anterior setae at base, apically with 2 anterior setae; mid coxa apically with 3 anterior setae; hind coxa with 1 outer seta at apical margin. Fore femur 1.1 times as thick as mid femur, fore and hind femora subequal in thickness. Fore and mid femora each with row of short thin pv, and 1 long thin pv at extreme base; mid femur with 1 preapical anterior seta; hind femur with 3 weak ad at base. Fore tibia apically with 1 av and 1 pv; mid tibia with row of short spine-like black ventral setae, apically with 1 short av and 1 long pv; hind tibia without ad, apically with 1 av. Hind tarsomere 1 with 4–5 very short, irregular av. Wing hyaline, slightly uniformly tinged grayish; veins dark brown, crossvein m-cu oblique. Calypter brown with blackish setulae. Halter brown.
Abdomen dark brown with thin pale gray pollinosity; tergites complete except tergite 1 linear; tergite 3 relatively board, blackish; hypopygium blackish. Setulae and setae on abdomen blackish except tergites 3–5 each with group of short squamiform black setae laterally, tergite 7 with row of long setae at posterior margin.
Male genitalia (Figs 8–10): Left epandrial lobe rather narrow, with surstylus finger-like and apically curved inward in dorsal view. Right epandrial lobe rather large and broad, fused with surstylus of complicated shape. Left cercus rather long and large with 7 long strong apical setae. Right cercus very small (about 1/10 as long as left cercus), short finger-like.
Elaphropeza trimacula sp. n. 3 adult, lateral view 4 adult, dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm.
Elaphropeza flaviscutum sp. n. 5 male genitalia, dorsal view 6 right epandrial lobe 7 left surstylus. Scale bar 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: lc = left cercus; lel = left epandrial lobe; ls = left surstylus.
Elaphropeza trimacula sp. n. 8 male genitalia, dorsal view 9 right epandrial lobe 10 left surstylus. Scale bar 0.25 mm.
Female. Unknown.
Holotype male, Taiwan, Taoyuan, Tamanshan (121.4507E, 24.7058N), 1620 m, 2011. VI. 14, Xiaoyan Liu. This specimen was collected from tropical forest by sweep net.
China (Taiwan).
The specific name refers to the mesoscutum with three spots.
This new speciesbelongs to Elaphropeza biuncinata group.In the key of
Our sincere thanks are due to Prof. Shen-Horn Yen (National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung) for his kind help during the survey in Taiwan in 2011 and 2012, and Dr. Xiaoyan Liu for collecting the specimen of Elaphropeza trimacula. Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for providing useful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30970395) and the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20090008110016).