Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zhonge Hou ( houze@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Charles Oliver Coleman
© 2018 Yami Zheng, Zhonge Hou, Shuqiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Zheng Y, Hou Z, Li S (2018) Bogidiella pingxiangensis, a new species of subterranean Amphipoda from southern China (Bogidiellidae). ZooKeys 790: 63-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.790.28671
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A new species of subterranean amphipod, Bogidiella pingxiangensis Hou & Li, sp. n., is described from Xiongshizilong Cave in Pingxiang City, China. The new species is characterized by having the bases of pereopods III and V expanded; the inner ramus of pleopods I–III with one segment; the telson longer than wide and with the apical margin with a shallow U-shaped excavation. DNA barcode of the new species is documented as support of molecular differences between related species.
Amphipod, barcode, cave, China, new species, taxonomy
The genus Bogidiella Hertzog, 1933 contains more than 60 species that are widely distributed in subterranean freshwaters or marine interstitial habitats (
In China, only one species Bogidiella sinica Karaman & Sket, 1999 is known. It occurs in the lower storey of the cave system Qixinyan at Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. We have tried to get fresh specimens for B. sinica, but failed because of tourism in the locality. During a field survey of subterranean amphipods in southern China, a second new species of Bogidiella was found in a cave in Jiangxi Province, which is ca. 500 km away from the type locality of B. sinica. In this paper, Bogidiella pingxiangensis sp. n. is described and illustrated. The barcode sequence of the new species is presented and genetic distances between the new species and known species are calculated to confirm the species delimitation.
The specimens were collected by sweeping rotten wood with a fine-meshed hand net. Samples were preserved in 95% ethanol in the field, then deposited at -20 °C refrigerator for long-term preservation. The body length of the amphipod was recorded by holding the specimen straight and measuring the distance along the dorsal side of the body from the base of the first antenna to the base of the telson. All dissected appendages were mounted on slides according to the methods described by
A partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunite I (COI) was proposed as a crustacean barcode (
Bogidiella albertimagni Hertzog, 1933.
Holotype: male (IZCAS-I-A1316-1), 5.0 mm, Xiongshizilong Cave (113.76°E, 27.91°N), Changping Village, Futian Town, Shangli County, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, May 9, 2013, collected by Yufa Luo and Jincheng Liu. Paratype: female (IZCAS-I-A1316-2), 4.0 mm, same data as holotype.
The specific name referes to type locality; adjective.
Antenna I longer than antenna II; palp of maxilla I with two apical setae; basis of gnathopod I expanded; bases of pereopods III–VI expanded, without spines and setae; coxal gills present on pereopods IV–VI; pleopod inner ramus with one segment, reduced; uropod II outer ramus shorter than inner ramus; telson 1.42 times longer than wide, apical margin with shallow U-shaped excavation, each lobe bearing one apical and two subapical stout spines.
(IZCAS-I-A1316-1), 5.0 mm.
Head. (Figure
Antenna I (Figure
Antenna II (Figure
Upper lip (Figure
Mandible (Figure
Lower lip: destroyed.
Maxilla I (Figure
Maxilla II (Figure
Maxilliped (Figure
Pereon. Gnathopod I (Figure
Gnathopod II (Figure
Pereopods III–IV (Figure
Pereopods V–VII (Figure
Bogidiella pingxiangensis sp. n., male holotype, from Jiangxi, China. A gnathopod I B propodus of gnathopod I C gnathopod II D propodus of gnathopod II E pereopod III F pereopod IV G pereopod V H pereopod VI I pereopod VII J dactylus of pereopod III K dactylus of pereopod IV L dactylus of pereopod V M dactylus of pereopod VI N dactylus of pereopod VII.
Coxal gills present on pereopods IV–VI.
Pleon. Epimeral plates (Figure
Pleopods I–III (Figure
Urosome. Uropod I (Figure
Telson (Figure
(IZCAS-I-A1316-2), 4.0 mm.
Head. Antenna I (Figure
Antenna II (Figure
Upper lip convex (Figure
Mandible (Figure
Maxilla I (Figure
Maxilla II (Figure
Maxilliped (Figure
Bogidiella pingxiangensis sp. n., female paratype, from Jiangxi, China. A antenna I B antenna II C upper lip D left mandible E maxilla I F maxilla II G maxilliped H pleopod I I pleopod II J pleopod III K uropod I L uropod II M telson N epimeral plate I O epimeral plate II P epimeral plate III.
Pereon. Gnathopod I (Figure
Gnathopod II (Figure
Pereopods III–VI (Figure
Coxal gills present on pereopods IV–VI, with little bumps.
Oostegites present on gnathopod II and pereopods III–V.
Pleon. Epimeral plates I–III (Figure
Pleopods I–III (Figure
Urosome. Uropod I (Figure
Bogidiella pingxiangensis sp. n., female paratype, from Jiangxi, China. A gnathopod I B propodus of gnathopod I C gnathopod II D propodus of gnathopod II E pereopod III F pereopod IV G pereopod V H pereopod VI I dactylus of pereopod III J dactylus of pereopod IV K dactylus of pereopod V L dactylus of pereopod VI.
This species was collected from a cave, with rotten wood.
The new species is assigned to the Bogidiella-skopljensis group (group B) according to inner ramus of pleopod with one segment (
The new species is also similar to Bogidiella veneris Leijs, Bloechl & Koenemann, 2011 in having antenna I longer than antenna II; second article of palp in maxilla I with two apical setae; and in the shape of gnathopods I–II. Bogidiella pingxiangensis sp. n. differs from B. veneris (character states in parentheses) by articles III–IV of maxilliped without pubescent surfaces (with pubescent surfaces); bases of pereopods III–VII expanded (linear); propodus of pereopod VII with short spine (propodus with a cluster of long, posterodistal setae); inner ramus of pleopods I–III short (inner ramus absent); telson 1.42 times longer than wide, apical margin with shallow U-shaped excavation, each lobe bearing one apical and two subapical stout spines (small, as long as wide, with straight distal margin, equipped with two spines).
We downloaded all nine COI sequences of the genus Bogidiella from GenBank, including six for B. albertimagni Hertzog, 1933, two for B. indica Holsinger, Reddy & Messouli, 2006, and one for B. veneris Leijs, Bloechl & Koenemann, 2011. Molecular analyses showed high interspecific divergences. The uncorrected pairwise distance between Bogidiella pingxiangensis sp. n. and B. albertimagni, B. indica, B. veneris is 23.5–26.8% for COI. This value is larger than COI threshold (16%) for crustacean species delimitation (
This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Category A, Tibet program XDA20050201), the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-31772417), and the National Science and Technology Basic Special (2014FY210700).