Research Article |
Corresponding author: Maxim Yu. Proshchalykin ( proshchalikin@biosoil.ru ) Academic editor: Michael S. Engel
© 2018 Yulia V. Astafurova, Maxim Yu. Proshchalykin, Ze-qing Niu, Chao-dong Zhu.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Astafurova YV, Proshchalykin MY, Niu Z-q, Zhu C-d (2018) New records of bees of the genus Sphecodes Latreille in the Palaearctic part of China (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). ZooKeys 792: 15-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.792.28042
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The available information about the cleptoparastic bees of the genus Sphecodes in the Palaearctic part of China is summarized. Twenty-four species are currently known from this area including 16 newly recorded. Based on type specimens, new synonymies have been proposed for Sphecodes cristatus Hagens, 1882 = S. alfkeni Meyer, 1922, syn. n.; S. longulus Hagens, 1882 = S. subfasciatus Blüthgen, 1934, syn. n.; S. nippon Meyer, 1922 = S. kansuensis Blüthgen, 1934, syn. n.; Sphecodes pieli Cockerell, 1931 = S. orientalis Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2014, syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for Sphecodes alfkeni Meyer, 1922 and S. pellucidus niveipennis Meyer, 1925. Illustrated keys to males and females of all species known from Palaearctic China and an updated checklist of the 33 Chinese species of Sphecodes are provided.
Anthophila , Apiformes , cleptoparasites, fauna, new synonymy, taxonomy
The present paper is part of a series of works dealing with the bees of the cleptoparastic genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 from the Palaearctic region (
The question of where the zoogeographical boundary exists between the Oriental and the Palaearctic regions in China has been discussed by many researchers working on various groups of animals (
Sphecodes formosanus Cockerell was the first species of the genus described from China (Taiwan) (
Based on a comprehensive study of specimens in various collections, we catalogue 24 species of the genus Sphecodes, with 16 species recorded from China for the first time. New synonymies are proposed for four specific names: Sphecodes cristatus Hagens, 1882 = S. alfkeni Meyer, 1922, syn. n.; S. longulus Hagens, 1882 = S. subfasciatus Blüthgen, 1934, syn. n.; S. nippon Meyer, 1922 = S. kansuensis Blüthgen, 1934, syn. n.; Sphecodes pieli Cockerell, 1931 = S. orientalis Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2014, syn. n. Illustrated keys to the species known from the Palaearctic part of China are presented to facilitate further studies.
The results presented in this paper are based on 453 specimens collected in the Palaearctic part of China and currently housed in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing, China, IZCAS); the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia, ZISP); and the private collection of Maximilian Schwarz (Ansfelden, Austria, PCMS). The following acronyms are used for the collections where type specimens are deposited:
The taxonomy and distribution of species generally follow that of
Specimens were studied with a Leica M205A stereomicroscope and photographs were taken with a combination of a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX10) and a digital camera (Canon EOS70D). Final images represent a composite of several photographs taken at different focal planes and combined using the program Helicon Focus 6. All images were post-processed for contrast and brightness using Adobe® Photoshop®.
The species are presented alphabetically and those that could not be inspected in this paper are quoted from published sources. We use the following abbreviations for collectors: JH – Jiri Halada, PK – Petr Kozlov; VR – Vsevolod Roborovsky. New distributional records are noted with an asterisk (*).
Unfortunately, we have not examined the type of S. manchurianus, because it was not found in Kyushu University (Japan). We also have not found specimens corresponding to the original description of
Additional species are included in this key because they are widespread in the Palaearctic and may also occur in China. These include S. maruyamanus Tsuneki, 1983, S. murotai Tsuneki, 1983, S. tanoi Tsuneki, 1983 (known from Japan and Russian Far East), S. miniatus Hagens, 1882, S. puncticeps Thomson, 1870, and S. reticulatus Thomson, 1870. Sphecodes manchurianus Strand & Yasumatsu, 1938, known only from the holotype, is not included.
1 | Costal margin of hind wing with 7–14 hamuli. Base of gonocoxite dorsally without impression. Usually large species: total body length 5.0–12.0 mm | 2 |
– | Costal margin of hind wing with 5–6 hamuli. Base of gonocoxite dorsally with or without impression. Large or small species: total body length 3.5–11.0 mm | 11 |
2 | Head rounded, about as long as wide. Hind wing with basal (M) vein strongly curved. T1 finely and sparsely (sometimes indistinctly) punctate. Gonostylus dorsally with small rectangular process directed to penis valve (Fig. |
S. monilicornis (Kirby) |
– | Head transverse, wider than long. Hind wing with basal (M) vein weakly curved. T1 distinctly coarsely and densely punctate. Gonostylus another shape | 3 |
3 | Mesoscutum densely punctate, with confluent punctures (areolate) | 4 |
– | Mesoscutum sparsely punctate, medially with punctures separated by at least a puncture diameter | 5 |
4 | Head more transverse, 1.2 times as wide as long. Vertex long, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about 2.5–3.0 lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view. Tyloids on flagellomeres (at least from F4 onward) semicircular across basal 1/5–1/3 and linear across remaining flagellomeres as seen in lateral view. Mesoscutellum sparsely punctate, medially with punctures separated by more than a puncture diameter and often with impunctate areas. T1 completely red. Gonostylus larger, not narrowed apically (Fig. |
S. albilabris (Fabricius) |
– | Head less transverse, 1.1 times as wide as long. Vertex shorter, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view. Tyloids on flagellomeres semicircular across basal 1/6–1/4, linear portion along remaining flagellomeres not developed. Mesoscutellum densely punctate, with confluent punctures. T1 black or brownish at least on basal 1/3 Gonostylus smaller, distinctly narrowed apically (Fig. |
S. scabricollis Wesmael |
5 | Vertex with a longitudinal carina. Gonostylus smaller, not overlapped apically, as in Figs |
6 |
– | Vertex without a longitudinal carina. Gonostylus larger, another shape, overlapped apically | 8 |
6 | Tyloids on flagellomeres (at least from F4 onward) are semicircular across basal 1/3–1/2. T1 with marginal zone very finely and indistinctly punctate. Body length 7.0–10.0 mm | S. cristatus Hagens |
– | Tyloids on flagellomeres weakly developed, very narrow, semicircular across basal 1/7–1/5 of flagellomere. T1 with marginal zone coarsely and distinctly punctate | 7 |
7 | Head more transverse, 1.2 times as wide as long. Mesoscutum more coarsely punctate (30–75 μm). T2 with marginal zone impunctate. Larger: total body length 7.0–11.0 mm | S. olivieri Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau |
– | Head less transverse, 1.10–1.15 times as wide as long. Mesoscutum more finely punctate (25–40 μm). T2 with marginal zone distinctly punctate. Smaller: total body length 5.0–7.0 mm | S. pectoralis Morawitz |
8 | Vertex long, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about three lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view. Tyloids on flagellomeres cover at least 1/3 part of flagellomere Gonostylus with long apical process (Fig. |
9 |
– | Vertex shorter, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view. Tyloids on flagellomeres not covering more than 1/4 part of flagellomere. Gonostylus another shape at tip, as in Fig. |
10 |
9 | Tyloids on flagellomeres well developed, covering large part of flagellomere (as seen in lateral view, Fig. |
S. gibbus (Linnaeus) |
– | Tyloids on flagellomeres weakly developed, covering about 1/3 of flagellomere (as seen in lateral view, Fig. |
S. nippon Meyer |
10 | T4 with marginal zone finely tessellate, without punctures (Fig. |
S. reticulatus Thomson |
– | T4 with marginal zone distinctly punctate, smooth between punctures (rarely indistinctly tessellate) (Fig. |
S. alternatus Smith |
11 | Base of gonocoxite dorsally without impression | 12 |
– | Base of gonocoxite dorsally with impression | 19 |
12 | T1 densely punctate. Gonostylus elongate (Fig. |
S. nurekensis Warncke |
– | T1 impunctate or with a few fine punctures. Gonostylus another shape | 13 |
13 | Vertex coarsely and densely punctate, ocello-ocular area with confluent punctures, separated by at most a half puncture diameter | 14 |
– | Vertex finely and sparser punctate, ocello-ocular area with punctures, separated by at least a puncture diameter | 17 |
14 | Vertex with longitudinal carina (in S. kozlovi usually weakly developed) (Figs |
15 |
– | Vertex without longitudinal carina | 16 |
15 | Vertex with well visible longitudinal carina. Felt-like areas on last flagellomeres cover at least 1/2 underside of flagellomere, F2 as long as wide (Fig. |
S. pieli Cockerell |
– | Vertex with weakly visible longitudinal carina. Felt-like areas on last flagellomeres cover about 1/3 underside of flagellomere, F2 slightly longer than wide (Fig. |
S. kozlovi Astafurova & Proshchalykin |
16 | Tyloids on last flagellomeres (at least from F4 onward) usually cover more than 1/2 of ventral flagellar surfaces, often up to 4/5 Membranous portion of gonostylus larger, as in S. kozlovi (Fig. |
S. pellucidus Smith |
– | Tyloids on last flagellomeres (at least from F4 onward) usually cover about 1/2 of ventral flagellar surfaces, rarely up to 3/4. Membranous portion of gonostylus smaller (Fig. |
S. ephippius (Linné) |
17 | Ocello-ocular area densely punctate, with punctures separated by about one puncture diameter. Gonostylus joining apex and partly inner surface of gonocoxite (Fig. |
S. puncticeps Thomson |
– | Ocello-ocular area sparsely punctate, with punctures separated by 1–3 puncture diameters. Gonostylus joining only apex of gonocoxite (Fig. |
18 |
18 | F2 shorter, 1.4–1.6 times as long as wide. Tyloids on the flagellomeres extend across 1/4–1/2 of ventral flagellar surfaces. Body length 3.5–6.0 mm | S. longulus Hagens |
– | F2 longer, 1.7–1.8 times as long as wide. Tyloids on the flagellomeres extend across 1/2–3/4 of ventral flagellar surfaces. Body length 4.0–5.0 mm | S. turanicus Astafurova & Proshchalykin |
19 | T1 densely punctate. Face with appressed white pubescence below and above the antennal toruli | 20 |
– | T1 impunctate or with sparse punctures (in S. miniatus sometimes relatively densely punctate). Face with appressed white pubescence only below the antennal toruli | 22 |
20 | Tyloids variable, covering 1/2–4/5 flagellar ventral surfaces. Membranous portion of gonostylus small, triangular (Fig. |
S. schwarzi Astafurova & Proshchalykin |
– | Tyloids covering from 3/4 to entire ventral flagellar surfaces. Membranous portion of gonostylus large, close to rectangular (Figs |
21 |
21 | Antenna longer, F2 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. |
S. pinguiculus Pérez |
– | Antenna shorter, F2 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. |
S. intermedius Blüthgen |
22 | Pronotum, between dorsal and lateral surfaces, rounded, not angulate (Fig. |
23 |
– | Pronotum, between dorsal and lateral surfaces, with sharp angle (Fig. |
26 |
23 | Tyloids on flagellomeres covering less than 1/3 of ventral flagellar surfaces. Membranous portion of gonostylus larger, trapezoidal (Fig. |
S. ferruginatus Hagens |
– | Tyloids on flagellomeres (at least from F4 onward) covering about 1/2–3/4 or entire of ventral flagellar surfaces. Membranous portion of gonostylus smaller, oval or almost square (Figs |
24 |
24 | Clypeus with fine, simple and sparsely plumose setae, sculpturing clearly visible (Fig. |
S. maruyamanus Tsuneki |
– | Clypeus with densely plumose setae, partly obscuring sculpturing (Fig. |
25 |
25 | Antenna short, middle flagellomeres as long as or slightly longer than wide. Tyloids on flagellomeres covering entire of ventral flagellar surfaces. Membranous portion of gonostylus longer, reach penis valve (Fig. |
S. murotai Tsuneki |
– | Antenna long, flagellomeres (from F3 onward) 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide. Tyloids on flagellomeres (at least from F4 onward) covering about 1/2–3/4 of ventral flagellar surfaces. Membranous portion of gonostylus shorter, not reach penis valve (Fig. |
S. tanoi Tsuneki |
26 | F2 short, 0.9–1.0 times as long as F3. Tyloids on flagellomeres (at least from F4 onward) usually cover entire ventral flagellar surfaces. Gonostylus with trapezoidal membranous portion (Fig. |
S. geoffrellus (Kirby) |
– | F2 longer, 1.1–1.2 as long as F3. Tyloids on flagellomeres shorter, covering at most 4/5 the ventral flagellar surfaces (in S. miniatus tyloids on last flagellomeres rare cover entire ventral flagellar surfaces) | 27 |
27 | Tyloids on flagellomeres covering more than 3/4 flagellar ventral surfaces. Gonostylus with large, trapezoidal membranous portion (Fig. |
S. miniatus Hagens |
– | Felt-like areas on flagellomeres cover less 1/3 underside of flagellomere. Gonostylus with oval membranous portion or without one | 28 |
28 | Head less transverse, 1.05 times as wide as long. Mesoscutum sparsely punctate, medially with punctures mostly separated by 1–3 puncture diameters. T1–T3 usually red, rarely terga entirely black. Gonostylus with oval membranous portion (Fig. |
S. crassus Thomson |
– | Head more transverse, at least 1.15 times as wide as long. Mesoscutum very densely punctate, with confluent punctures (areolate). Terga usually wholly black, rare T1 dark red. Gonostylus without membranous portion (Fig. |
S. laticaudatus Tsuneki |
1 | Hind wing with basal (M) vein weakly curved; costal margin with 7–14 hamuli. Usually large species: total body length 6.0–15.0 mm | 2 |
– | Hind wing with basal (M) vein strongly curved; costal margin with 5–6 hamuli. Large or small species: total body length 5.5–11.0 mm | 10 |
2 | Vertex less elevated (distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus less two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in frontal view), with longitudinal sharp carina (Fig. |
3 |
– | Vertex more elevated (distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus more two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in frontal view), acarinate, but sometimes with weak (indistinct) longitudinal ridge | 5 |
3 | Face and gena with sparse, semi-erect, gray pubescence not obscuring integument. T1 with finer punctures (3–10 μm). Body length 6.0–8.0 mm | S. cristatus Hagens |
– | Face and gena with dense, appressed, snow-white pubescence obscuring integument. T1 with coarser punctures (10–30 μm) | 4 |
4 | Mesoscutum coarsely punctate (25–75 μm). T2 with marginal zone impunctate. Larger: body length 8.0–11.0 mm | S . olivieri Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau |
– | Mesoscutum relatively finely punctate (25–40 μm). T2 with marginal zone distinctly punctate. Smaller: body length 6.5–8.5 mm | S. pectoralis Morawitz |
5 | Gena flat. Preoccipital lateral carina developed (Fig. |
S. scabricollis Wesmael |
– | Gena swollen. Preoccipital carina not developed | 6 |
6 | Vertex shorter, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus about 2 lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view (Fig. |
7 |
– | Vertex longer, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus equal to 2.5–3.0 lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view (Fig. |
8 |
7 | T4 with marginal zone impunctate, finely tessellate (Fig. |
S. reticulatus Thomson |
– | T4 with marginal zone distinctly punctate, smooth between punctures (rarely indistinctly tessellate) (Fig. |
S. alternatus Smith |
8 | Mesoscutum densely punctate, with punctures separated by less than a puncture diameter (Fig. |
S. albilabris (Fabricius) |
– | Mesoscutum sparsely punctate, medially with punctures separated by at least 2 puncture diameters (Fig. |
9 |
9 | Head rounded-rectangular on upper margin, square-shaped as seen in frontal view (Fig. |
S. monilicornis (Kirby) |
– | Head uniformly rounded on upper margin, oval as seen in frontal view (Fig. |
S. gibbus (Linnaeus) and S. nippon Meyer |
Females of this vicarious species are very difficult to distinguish morphologically; however, S. nippon is distributed in China to Gansu on the West, whereas S. gibbus is distributed in China to Xinjiang on the East. | ||
10 | Mandible simple (without an inner tooth) | 11 |
– | Mandible bidentate | 13 |
11 | Head narrower, at most 1.15 times as wide as long (Fig. |
S. longulus Hagens |
– | Head broader, 1.2–1.3 times as wide as long | 12 |
12 | Face, gena and mesepisternum with gray, sparse, semi-erect pubescence, not obscuring integument. Metasoma coarsely punctate (10–15 μm). Pygidial plate as wide as metabasitarsus. Body length 5.0–8.0 mm | S. puncticeps Thomson |
– | Face, gena and mesepisternum with dense, snow-white, appressed, pubescence obscuring integument (Fig. |
S. turanicus Astafurova & Proshchalykin |
13 | Pygidial plate at least 1.2 times wider than metabasitarsus, usually dull. Mesoscutum densely punctate, punctures usually separated by less than two puncture diameters. Total body length 7.0–11.0 mm | 14 |
– | Pygidial plate equal to or narrower than metabasitarsus, shiny. Mesoscutum usually sparsely punctate, disc medially with punctures separated by more than two puncture diameters. Total body length 4.0–9.0 mm | 18 |
14 | Vertex with longitudinal carina (Figs |
15 |
– | Vertex without longitudinal carina | 16 |
15 | Vertex with obvious longitudinal carina (Fig. |
S. pieli Cockerell |
– | Vertex with weakly visible longitudinal carina (Fig. |
S. kozlovi Astafurova & Proshchalykin |
16 | Pygidial plate 1.6–1.7 times as wide as metabasitarsus. Gena wider, 0.8 times as wide as eye in lateral view. Mesoscutum densely punctate, with punctures separated by at most a puncture diameter (Fig. |
S. laticaudatus Tsuneki |
– | Pygidial plate 1.2–1.5 times as wide as metabasitarsus. Gena narrower, 0.7 times as wide as eye in lateral view. Mesoscutum sparsely punctate, medially with punctures usually separated by 1–2 puncture diameters (Fig. |
17 |
17 | Head more transverse, 1.30–1.35 times as wide as long; vertex, behind ocelli, not elevated in frontal view. Setae on scape distinctly longer than width of scape. Pygidial plate 1.3–1.5 times as wide as metabasitarsus | S. pellucidus Smith |
– | Head less transverse, 1.20–1.25 times wider than long; vertex, behind ocelli, weakly elevated. Setae on scape shorter than width of scape. Pygidial plate 1.2–1.4 times as wide as metabasitarsus | S. ephippius (Linné) and S. grahami Cockerell |
Females of these species are very difficult to distinguish morphologically; however, S. ehippius is distributed in North-West China (Xinjiang), whereas S. grahami is recorded from Central, South and East China; the male of S. grahami is unknown | ||
18 | Clypeus densely punctate, punctures separated by less than one puncture diameter. Pronotum, between dorsal and lateral surfaces, rounded, not angulate (Fig. |
19 |
– | Clypeus sparsely punctate, punctures separated by at least one puncture diameter. Pronotum, between dorsal and lateral surfaces, with sharp angle (Fig. |
22 |
19 | Hind femur narrow, regularly pointed toward distal end, its length more than 3.5 times its maximum width. Body length 6.0–7.5 mm | S. maruyamanus Tsuneki |
– | Hind femur widened in proximal half, its length at most 3 times its maximum width | 20 |
20 | Vertex, behind ocelli, weakly elevated in frontal view (Fig. |
S. ferruginatus Hagens |
– | Vertex not elevated in frontal view (Fig. |
21 |
21 | Thorax ventrally with sculpture finer that on sides (Fig. |
S. tanoi Tsuneki |
– | Thorax ventrally with sculpture as coarse as that on sides (Fig. |
S. murotai Tsuneki |
22 | Vertex longer, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus equal to about 3–3.5 times lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view. Upper half of gena with appressed, dense pubescence obscuring integument | 23 |
– | Vertex shorter, distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus equal to about two lateral ocellar diameters as seen in dorsal view. Gena with erect, sparse pubescence | 24 |
23 | Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum very sparsely punctate, with tiny punctures separated by 1–7 diameters (Fig. |
S. pinguiculus Pérez |
– | Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum more densely punctate, with coarse punctures separated by 1–3 puncture diameters (Fig. |
S. intermedius Blüthgen |
24 | F3 transverse, 0.6–0.7 times as long as wide, as long as F1. Pygidial plate 0.9–1.0 as wide as metabasitarsus | 25 |
– | F3 square, as long as wide, longer than F1 Pygidial plate 0.6–0.8 as wide as metabasitarsus | 26 |
25 | Paraocular area with dense, strongly plumose setae below the antennal toruli (Fig. |
S. schwarzi Astafurova & Proshchalykin |
– | Face with sparse, simple and weakly plumose setae (Fig. |
S. miniatus Hagens |
26 | Head more transverse, 1.25 times as wide as long. Labrum trapezoidal, 0.7 times as long as wide. Hind femur strongly enlarged on proximal half, maximum width 0.4 times its length. Body length 5.0–8.0 mm | S. crassus Thomson |
– | Head less transverse, 1.1 times as wide as long. Labrum semicircular, 0.5 times as long as width. Hind femur weakly enlarged on proximal half, maximum width 0.35 times its length. Body length 4.5–6.5 mm | S. geoffrellus (Kirby) |
CHINA: Liaoning, 1 ♀, 50 km N Mukden [Shenyang] [42°12'N, 123°23'E], 20.VII.1952, leg. Rubtsov (ZISP); Inner Mongolia, 1 ♂, Xilinhot [43°54'N, 116°00'E], 27.VII.1971, leg. Y.-W. Zhang (IZCAS); Hebei, 1 ♀, Kreis Yongnian [36°25'N, 114°14'E], 1995, leg. S.-Q. Li (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Yangjiaping [39°58'N, 115°24'E], 3.VIII.1937, leg. O. Piel (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Yu Xian, Xiheying [39°57'N, 114°00'E], 800 m, 29.VII.1964, leg. B.-Q. Li (IZCAS); Beijing, 1 ♀, Xiyuan [39°55'N, 116°24'E], 50 m, 23.VII.1962, leg. C.-G. Wang (IZCAS); Shanxi, 1 ♀, Xiexian, Zhongtiao Shan Mts. [34°48'N, 111°36'E], 22–24.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); Gansu, 1 ♂, Lanzhou [36°00'N, 103°25'E], 1500 m, 9.IX.1957, leg. Y.-R. Zhang (IZCAS).
*China (Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Gansu), Central Asia, Russia, Europe (north to Finland and Sweden), Turkey, Syria, Caucasus, North Africa, Israel, India.
CHINA: Gansu, 2 ♂♂, oasis Sachjou [Dunhuang] [40°09'N, 94°40'E], Gashun Gobi desert, 1–3.VIII.1895, VR, PK (ZISP); Xinjiang, 1 ♂, Yining, Boro Hqro Mts [44°06'N, 81°00'E], 27.VII.1991, Snizek (PCMS); 1 ♀, 37 ♂♂, Bugas near Khami [43°14'N, 93°50'E], 20.VIII–8.IX.1895, VR, PK (ZISP).
*China (Gansu, Xinjiang), Central Asia, Europe, Russia (south of European part and east to Khakassia Republic), Turkey, Iran, North Africa.
CHINA: Inner Mongolia, 2 ♀♀, Suburgan-gol, Alashan [Helan Shan] Mt., Gobi, 29–30.VI.1908, PK (ZISP); 6 ♀♀, Tszosto, Alashan [Helan Shan] Mt., Gobi, 13–14.V.1908, PK (ZISP); Shanxi, 1 ♀, Xiexian, Zhongtiao Shan Mts [34°48'N, 111°36'E], 22–24.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); 2 ♀♀, 13 km S Yichuan [35°54'N, 110°36'E], 19.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS).
*China (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi), Central Asia, Mongolia, Russia, Europe (north to 64°), Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Japan, North Africa.
Sphecodes
alfkeni
Meyer, 1922: 172, ♀ (lectotype: ♀, designated here, China, Tientsin [Tianjin], [leg.] Weber,
CHINA: Heilongjiang, 1 ♀, Harbin [45°46'N, 126°39'E], 8.X.1952 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 27.VII.1952 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 19.VII.1953 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 25.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 8.X.1952 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 16.VII.1952 (IZCAS); Jilin, 1 ♀, Gongzhuling [43°79'N, 124°69'E], 9.VI.1962, leg. T.-L. Cheng (IZCAS); Liaoning, 1 ♂, 50 km N Mukden [Shenyang], 20.VII.1952, Rubtsov (ZISP); 1 ♀, Guicheng [43°40'N, 126°15'E], 30.VII.1962, leg. T.-L. Cheng (IZCAS); Inner Mongolia, 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Dingyuanying [Bayan Hot], Alashan [Helan Shan] Mt., 22.V., 26.V., 17–26.IX.1908, PK (ZISP); 1 ♂, Tszosto, Alashan [Helan Shan] Mt., Gobi, 13–14.V.1908, PK (ZISP); 1 ♂, Ulanqab Men, Tomortei [41°48'N, 113°06'E], 31.VIII.1971 (IZCAS); 2 ♂♂, Hailar Shi [49°12'N, 119°42'E], 3.VIII.2006, leg. H.-Y. Zhang (IZCAS), 2 ♂♂, idem, 2.VIII.2006, leg. Y.-J. Li (IZCAS), 1 ♂, idem, 8.VIII.2006, leg. P. Wang (IZCAS); 2 ♂♂, Ordos, Dundatu [37°43'N, 108°10'E], 24.VII.2006, leg. Y.-J. Li (IZCAS); 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, idem, 25.VII.2006, leg. P. Wang (IZCAS), 5 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, idem, 25.VII.2006, leg. H.-Y. Zhang (IZCAS); 3 ♀♀, idem, 25.VII.2006, leg. M. Luo (IZCAS); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Hohhot Shi, Heling Xian, Mengniu Zheng [40°49'N, 111°39'E], 15.VII.2006, leg. Y.-J. Li (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Hulun Buir Meng, Manzhouli Shi [49°12'N, 119°45'E], 5.VIII.2006, leg. Y.-J. Li (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Uxin Qi, Batugou [38°38'N, 108°53'E], 28.VII.2006, leg. M. Luo (IZCAS); Hebei, 1 ♀, Yangyuan Xian, Liumafang [40°11'N, 114°28'E], 950 m, 12.IV.2002, leg. Z.-Q. Niu (IZCAS); Tianjin, 1 ♀, Balitai [38°57'N, 117°19'E], 13.X.1953, leg. Z.-R. Yu (IZCAS). Beijing, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Xiangshan [39°54'N, 116°12'E], 100 m, 19.IX.1962, leg. Y.-S. Shi (IZCAS); 3 ♂♂, Beijing [39°55'N, 116°24'E], 28.VIII.1973, leg. S.-F. Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Wofosi [40°03'N, 115°10'E], 100 m, 10.V.1962, leg. S.-Y. Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 18.IX.1981, leg. Q. Zhou (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Zizhuyuan [39°57'N, 116°19'E], 24.IV.1962, leg. S.-M. Ge (IZCAS); Shanxi, 1 ♀, Qingjian env. [36°54'N, 110°36'E], 15.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); 1 ♀, Monan [34°42'N, 111°42'E], 26–28.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); 1 ♀, Suide, [37°18'N, 110°42'E], 13–14.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); Shandong, 1 ♀, Jinan [36°48'N, 117°01'E], 24.VI.1937 (IZCAS); Shaanxi, 1 ♀, Gangui [36°48'N, 110°18'E], 35 km NE Yanan, 17–18.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); Ningxia, 1 ♂, Ningxia [Yinchuan], Ordos, Gobi, 1–4.VI.1908, PK (ZISP); 6 ♂♂, Yanchi Xian, Sidunzi [37°28'N, 107°09'E], 1455 m, 22.VI.2016, leg. Z.-Q. Niu, D. Zhang (IZCAS); Xinjiang, 1 ♀, Jimsar Xian [44°00N 89°03E], 14.V.1955, leg. S.-J. Ma, K.-L. Xia, Y.-L. Cheng (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Jeminay Xian, S229, 14 km [47°14'N, 85°19'E], 1080 m, 28.VIII.2002, leg. Z.-Q. Niu (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Tian Shan [43°10'N, 86°00'E], 28.VIII.1957, leg. G. Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Manas Xian, Shihezi [44°07'N, 86°00'E], 550 m, 6.VI.1957, leg. C.-P. Hong (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 590 m, 27.VIII.1957, leg. S.-Y. Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Yining Xian [44°00'N, 81°21'E], 4.VIII.1957, leg. W.-Y. Yang (IZCAS).
China (*Heilongjiang, *Jilin, *Liaoning, *Inner Mongolia, *Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, *Shanxi, *Shandong, *Shaanxi, *Ningxia, *Xinjiang), Europe (north to Sweden), Korea, Russia, Caucasus, Turkey, Central Asia, Mongolia.
CHINA: Xinjiang, 1 ♂, Yaerkate [42°52'N, 92°50'E], 3.VIII.1956, leg. W.-Y. Yang (IZCAS).
*China (Xinjiang), Russia (east to Irkutsk Prov.), Mongolia, Central Asia, Caucasus, Turkey, Europe (north to 62°).
CHINA: Beijing, 2 ♀♀, 3 ♀♀, Bada Ling, Sanbu [40°22'N, 115°58'E], 500 m, 18, 27.IV.2002, leg. Z.-Q. Niu (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Miaofengshan [40°01'N, 115°59'E], 24.V.1957, leg. M.-H. Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Wofosi [40°03'N, 115°10'E], 15.V.1961, leg. S.-M. Ge (IZCAS); Shanxi, 1 ♀, Xiexian [34°48'N, 111°36'E], Zhongtiao Shan Mts., 22–24.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS).
*China (Beijing, Shanxi), Central Asia, Russia, Europe (north to 66°), Caucasus, Turkey, Japan.
CHINA: Heilongjiang, 1 ♂, Da Hinggan Ling [51°42'N, 126°36'E], 23.VII.1980 (IZCAS); Shaanxi, 11 ♀♀, Gangui [36°48'N, 110°18'E], 35 km NE Yanan, 17–18.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); 1 ♀, 13 km S Yichuan [35°54'N, 110°36'E], 19.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS).
*China (Heilongjiang, Shanxi), Central Asia, Europe (north to 66°), Russia (east to Far East), Turkey, Near East, Mongolia, Japan.
Sphecodes
gibbus
var.
turkestanicus
Meyer, 1920: 113 (holotype: 1 ♀, Uzbekistan: Golodnaja Steppe [Gulistan],
CHINA: Xinjiang, 1 ♀, 13 ♂♂, Bugas near Khami [43°14'N, 93°50'E], 20.VIII–8.IX.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP); 1 ♂, Qitai Xian [44°31'N, 90°06'E], 10.VII.1975 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Kashi [39°14'N, 75°32'E], 133 m, 10.VII.1959, leg. C.-Q. Li (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 10.VII.1959, leg. A-F. Tian (IZCAS).
Meyer, 1920: Yarkand (Xinjiang), as Sphecodes gibbus var. turkestanicus Meyer, 1920.
China (Xinjiang), Central Asia, Russia (east to Yakutia), Pakistan, Mongolia, Europe (north to 63°), Turkey, Israel, North Africa, India.
Sphecodes
grahami
Cockerell, 1922: 12 (holotype: ♀, China, Sichuan: Suifu, Graham coll.;
CHINA: Shanxi, 1 ♀, Xiexian [34°48'N, 111°36'E], Zhongtiao Shan Mts., 22–24.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); Shaanxi, 2 ♀♀, Gangui [36°48'N, 110°18'E], 35 km NE Yanan, 17–18.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS).
China (Jilin, Hebei, *Shanxi, *Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang, Guandong).
The female of this species is challenging to distinguish from West-Palaearctic S. ephippius (Linné, 1767).
CHINA: Gansu, 1 ♂, Shibendu, oasis Sachjou [Dunhuang] [40°09'N, 94°40'E], Gashun Gobi desert, 9–12.VIII.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP).
*China (Gansu), Central Asia, Europe, Russia (European part, Ural), North Africa, Caucasus, Turkey.
CHINA: Inner Mongolia, 3 ♀♀, Tszosto, Alashan [Helan Shan] Mt., Gobi, 10–18.V.1908, leg. PK (ZISP); 7 ♀♀, Dingyuanying [Bayan Hot], Alashan [Helan Shan] Mt., 10, 18–19.VI.1908, 15–16. IV.1909, leg. PK (ZISP); Shanxi, 1 ♀, Monan [34°42'N, 111°42'E], 26–28.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); Ningxia, 2 ♀♀, Yanchi [37°24'N, 107°36'E], 11.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS).
*China (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Ningxia), Mongolia (Dornod Aimag, Khentii Aimag).
CHINA: Hebei, 1 ♂, Xinglong Xian, Wuling Shan [40°26'N, 117°31'E], 28.VIII.1973 (IZCAS).
*China (Hebei), Russia (Far East), Japan.
Sphecodes
subfasciatus
Blüthgen, 1934: 22, ♀ (holotype: ♀, China, S. Kansu, 19.VI.1930, leg. Hummel,
CHINA: Inner Mongolia, 1 ♀, Goytzo valley, Alashan, Gobi, 5.IV.1908, leg. PK (ZISP); Hebei, 1 ♀, Changli Xian [39°38'N, 119°05'E], 28.IV.1962, leg. T.-L. Cheng (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Xiaowutai Shan [38°36'N, 115°39'E], 1200 m, 22.VIII.1964, leg. Y.-H. Han (IZCAS); Shaanxi, 1 ♀, Gangui [36°48'N, 110°18E‘], 35 km NE Yanan, 17–18.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); Gansu, 1 ♀, Lanzhou [36°00'N, 103°25'E], 27.IV.1955, leg. S.-J. Ma, K.-L. Xia, Y.-L. Cheng (IZCAS); Xinjiang, 1 ♂, Tacheng Xian [46°25'N, 82°32'E], 470 m, 10.IX.1960, leg. S.-Y. Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Bostanterak [39°07'N, 95°03'E], 9.VII.1959, leg. S.-Y. Wang (IZCAS).
China (*Inner Mongolia, *Hebei, *Shaanxi, Gansu, *Xinjiang), Central Asia, Russia, Europe (north to Finland, Sweden, Denmark, England), Turkey, Syria, Japan.
Sphecodes
manchurianus
Strand & Yasumatsu, 1938: 80 (holotype: ♂, China : “Fengtien (Mukden), South Manchoukuo, 5.VIII.1930, T. Nozawa leg.”;
No material examined.
China (Liaoning).
Known only from the holotype.
CHINA: Heilongjiang, 1 ♂, Morin Dawa [47°21'N, 128°03'E], 24.VII.1976 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Harbin [45°46'N, 126°39'E], 6.VII.1947 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 27.VII.1952 (IZCAS); 2 ♂♂, idem, 25.VII.1953 (IZCAS); 7 ♂♂, idem, 4.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 8.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, 3 ♂♂, idem, 10.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, 5 ♂♂, idem, 19.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 5 ♂♂, idem, 10.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 11.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 3 ♂♂, idem, 23.VII.1953 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 9.VIII.1955 (IZCAS).
*China (Heilongjiang), Central Asia, Mongolia, Russia, North Pakistan, Europe (north to 64°), Caucasus, Turkey, North Africa.
Sphecodes
kansuensis
Blüthgen, 1934: 21, fig. 11, ♂ (holotype: ♂, China, S. Kansu [Gansu] 19.VI.1930, leg. Hummel,
CHINA: Heilongjiang, 1 ♂, Harbin [45°46'N, 126°39'E], 24.IX.1950; 1 ♂, idem, 16.VII.1952; 1 ♂, idem, 25.VII.1952; 1 ♂, idem, 23.VII.1953; 1 ♂, idem, 11.VII.1954; 1 ♂, idem, 4.VII.1955; 4 ♂♂, idem, 8.VII.1955; 2 ♂♂, idem, 25.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 2 ♂♂, Mao’ershan [47°21'N, 128°03'E], 29.VII.1951 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Hengdaohezi [45°57'N, 129°57'E], 28.VII.1951 (IZCAS); Inner Mongolia, 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Dingyuanying [Bayan Hot], Alashan [Helan Shan] Mt., 16–17.V., 3–6.VI., 11–16.IX.1908, PK (ZISP); Hebei, 1 ♂, Yangjiaping [39°58'N, 115°24'E], 17.VII.1937; 1 ♂, idem, 20.VII.1937; 1 ♀, idem, 6.VII.1937; 1 ♀, idem, 8.VII.1937, leg. O. Piel (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Xiaowutai Shan [38°36'N, 115°39'E], 1200 m, 25.VIII.1964; 1 ♂, idem, 11.VII.1964; 1 ♂, idem, 12.VII.1964, leg. Y.-H. Han (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Xinglong Xian, Wuling Shan [40°26'N, 117°31'E], 28.VIII.1973 (IZCAS); Tianjin, 1 ♀, Balitai [38°57'N, 117°19'E], 24.IV.1953, leg. Z.-Y. Xu (IZCAS); Beijing, 1 ♂, 40 km N Beijing [40°09'N, 116°14'E], 28.IX.1952, Rubtsov (ZISP); 1 ♀, Bada Ling [40°22'N, 115°58'E], 700 m, 2.VII.1974, leg. Y.-S. Shi (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Bada Ling, Sanbu [40°22'N, 115°58'E], 500 m, 27.IV.2002, leg. Z.-Q. Niu (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Xidazhuangke village, Songshan [40°31'N,115°47'E], 910 m, 15.V.2007, leg. H.-R. Huang (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Miaofengshan [40°01'N, 115°59'E], 2.VIII.1957; 1 ♂, idem, 18.VII.1957, leg. M.-H. Wang (IZCAS); Shaanxi, 9 ♀♀, Gangui [36°48'N, 110°18'E], 35 km NE Yanan, 17–18.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); Gansu, 5 ♂♂, oasis Sachjou [Dunhuang] [40°09'N, 94°40'E], Gashun Gobi desert, 28–30.VII.1895, leg. VR, PK; 1 ♀, Lanzhou, 25.VII.1908, leg. PK (ZISP).
China (*Heilongjiang, *Inner Mongolia, *Hebei, *Tianjin, *Beijing, *Shaanxi, Gansu), Russia (East Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, Japan.
CHINA: Xinjiang, 1 ♂, Bugas near Khami [N43°14’ E93°50’], 20.VIII.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP); 1 ♂, Ürümqi [43°28'N, 87°32'E], 980 m, 2.IX.1959, leg. S.-Y. Wang (IZCAS).
*China (Xinjiang), Tajikistan.
CHINA: Gansu, 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂, oasis Sachjou [Dunhuang] [40°09'N, 94°40'E], Gashun Gobi desert, 24.VII, 1–3.VIII.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP); 1 ♂, Zhangye [38°32'N, 100°14'E], 1450 m, 29.VII.1957, leg. Y.-R. Zhang (IZCAS); Xinjiang, 117 ♂♂, Bugas near Khami [43°14'N, 93°50'E], 20.VIII-8.IX.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP); 3 ♀♀, Manas Xian [44°10'N, 86°07'E], 400 m, 9.VI.1953, leg. C.-P. Hong (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 9.VI.1953, leg. W.-Y. Yang (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Manas Xian, Shihezi [44°07'N, 86°00'E], 500 m, 27.VIII.1959, leg. C.-Q. Li (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Burqin Xian [47°25'N, 86°32'E], 480 m, 25.VIII.1960, leg. S.-Y. Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Turpan Xian [42°32'N, 89°07'E], 30.VI.1958 (IZCAS).
*China (Gansu, Xinjiang), Central Asia, South Europe, Russia (south of European part), Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, North Africa.
CHINA: Gansu, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, oasis Sachjou [Dunhuang] [40°09'N, 94°40'E], Gashun Gobi desert, 28.VII–4.VIII.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP); Xinjiang: 4 ♀♀, 140 ♂, Bugas near Khami [43°14'N, 93°50'E], 20.VIII–8.IX.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP).
*China (Gansu, Xinjiang), Central Asia.
Sphecodes
pellucidus
var.
hybridus
Blüthgen, 1924: 516, ♀ (syntypes: ♀♀, China: Sichuan,
Sphecodes
pellucidus
var.
niveipennis
Meyer, 1925: 7, ♂ (lectotype: ♂, designated here, Chin. Turkestan, Uss-Lusch. Jarkand [China, Xinjiang, Yarkand] 1600 m, 4–6.8.90, Conrandt S. / pellucidus v. niveipennis Dr. R Meyer det.;
CHINA: Gansu, 1 ♀, Lanzhou, 11–25.III.1901, leg. PK (ZISP); 3 ♂♂, Dankhe River, S to Sachzhou [Dunhuang], Gashunskoe Gobi [39°55'N, 94°20'E], 24.VII.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP).
China (*Gansu, Xinjiang, Sichuan), Central Asia, Russia, Mongolia, Europe (north to 66°), Caucasus, Turkey, North Africa.
Sphecodes
pieli
Cockerell, 1931: 13, ♂ (holotype: ♂, China, Shanghai, Zo-Se, June 16, 1930 (Piel No 34),
Sphecodes orientalis Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2014: 517–518, ♀, ♂ (holotype: ♂, Russia, Primorskiy Terr.: 15 km SW Slavyanka, 31.VIII.1995, S. Belokobylskij, ZISP, examined). – Syn. n.
CHINA: Hebei, 1 ♀, Xiaowutai Shan [38°36'N, 115°39'E], 1200 m, 19.VI.1964, leg. Y.-H. Han (IZCAS); Beijing, 1 ♀, Bada Ling, Sanbu [40°22'N, 115°58'E], 500 m, 27.IV.2002 (IZCAS); 2 ♀♀, idem, 28.IV.2002, leg. Z.-Q. Niu (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Xidazhuangke village, Songshan [40°31'N, 115°47'E], 910 m, 15.V.2007, leg. H.-R. Huang (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, Liyuanling [39°58'N, 115°28'E], 1140–1250 m, 19.V.2002, leg. Z.-Q. Niu (IZCAS); Shaanxi, 1 ♀, Gangui, 35 km NE Yanan [36°48'N, 110°18'E], 17–18.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); 1 ♀, 13 km S Yichuan [35°59'N, 110°36'E], 19.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); 1 ♀, Jingangling, 50 km W Linfen, [36°12'N, 111°42'E], 29–30.V.1996, leg. JH (PCMS); Sichuan, 1 ♀, Nanping, Ta Zang [33°15'N, 104°15'E], 2200 m, 15–18.VI.1990, JH (PCMS).
Ascher and Pickering, 2018 (Zhejiang, Jiangsu).
China (*Hebei, *Beijing, *Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, *Sichuan), Russia (Far East).
CHINA: Inner Mongolia, 1 ♀, Dingyuanying [Bayan Hot], Alashan [Helan Shan] Mt., 22–24.VI.1908, PK (ZISP); Gansu, 1 ♀, oasis Sachjou [Dunhuang] [40°09'N, 94°40'E], Gashun Gobi desert, 4.VIII.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP).
*China (Inner Mongolia, Gansu), Central Asia, Mongolia, Russia, South Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Israel, United Arab Emirates, North Africa, Cape Verde Islands.
CHINA: Heilongjiang, 2 ♀♀, Harbin [45°46'N, 126°39'E], 11.VII.1954 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 8.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 19.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 20.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 2 ♀♀, idem, 25.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 8.VII.1955 (IZCAS), 2 ♂♂, idem, 25.VII.1955 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 11.IX.1955 (IZCAS); Liaoning, 1 ♂, Guicheng [43°40'N, 126°15'E], 10.VII.1962, leg. T.-L. Cheng (IZCAS); Beijing, 1 ♂, Changping district, Liucun town, Wangjiayuan village [40°12'N, 116°00'E], 5.IX.2011, leg. F. Yuan (IZCAS); 16 ♂♂, Wofosi [40°03'N, 115°10'E], 18.IX.1981, leg. Y.-R. Wu (IZCAS); 2 ♂♂, idem, 10.IX.1981, leg. Q. Zhou (IZCAS); 2 ♀♀, idem, 10.IX.1981, leg. W.-Z. Ma (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Bada Ling [40°22'N, 115°58'E], 3.IX.1981, leg. P.-Y. Yu (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 28.VIII.1974 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, 13.VIII.1981 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, 20.VIII.1988, leg. Y.-S. Shi (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 30.VIII.1977, leg. S.-F. Wang (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 25.VIII.1981, leg. Q. Zhou (IZCAS); 1 ♀, idem, 7.IX.1982, leg. Z.-C. Jin (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Xiangshan [39°54'N, 116°12'E], 22.IX.1983, leg. J.-G. Fan (IZCAS); 4 ♀♀, Qinglongqiao [39°54'N, 116°21'E], 5.IX.1988, leg. H.-L. Xu (IZCAS); 1 ♂, idem, 12.V.1981, leg. Y.-R. Wu (IZCAS); 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Beijing [39°55'N, 116°24'E], 28.VIII.1973, leg. Y.-R. Wu (IZCAS); 3 ♂♂, idem, 28.VIII.1973, leg. S.-F. Wang (IZCAS); Shaanxi, 2 ♀♀, Qihling Mts., 6 km E Xunyangba [33°32'N, 108°33'E], 1000–1300 m, 23.V–13.VI.1998, leg. Marshal (PCMS); Qinghai, 1 ♂, Sinin-khe River valley [36°30'N, 101°40'E], 29.VII.1908, leg. PK (ZISP); Zhejiang, 1 ♂, Lian Country, West Tianmu Mt. [30°20'N, 119°25'E], 1000 m, 16.IX.2000, S. Belokobylskij (ZISP).
*China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Beijing, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Zhejiang), Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan), Russia, Europe (north to S England and Latvia), Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, South Korea, Japan, India.
CHINA: Gansu, 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂, oasis Sachjou [Dunhuang] [40°09'N, 94°40'E], Gashun Gobi desert, 1–9.VIII.1895, leg. VR, PK (ZISP).
*China (Gansu), Central Asia.
Genitalia, males, dorsal view. 1 Sphecodes albilabris (Fabricius) 2 S. alternatus Smith 3 S. crassus Thomson 4 S. cristatus Hagens 5 S. ferruginatus Hagens 6 S. ephippius (Linné) 7 S. geoffrellus (Kirby) 8 S. longulus Hagens 9 S. gibbus (Linnaeus) 10 S. intermedius Blüthgen 11 S. laticaudatus Tsuneki 12 S. kozlovi Astafurova & Proshchalykin. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
Genitalia, males, dorsal view. 13 Sphecodes maruyamanus Tsuneki 14 S. miniatus Hagens 15 S. monilicornis (Kirby) 16 S. murotai Tsuneki 17 S. schwarzi Astafurova & Proshchalykin 18 S. nurekensis Warncke 19 S. pieli Cockerell 20 S. pinguiculus Pérez 21 S. olivieri Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau 22 S. puncticeps Thomson 23 S. scabricollis Wesmael 24 S. tanoi Tsuneki. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
Diagnostic characters of Sphecodes species. 31, 32, 35, 36 Females 33, 34 Males 31–34 head, frontal view 35, 36 pronotum, lateral, view 31 Sphecodes turanicus Astafurova & Proshchalykin 32 S. monilicornis (Kirby) 33 S. maruyamanus Tsuneki 34 S. murotai Tsuneki 35 S. pellucidus Smith 36 S. ferruginatus Hagens. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Diagnostic characters of Sphecodes species, females. 37–39 vertex, dorso-lateral view 40 preoccipital carina and gena, dorso-lateral view 37 Sphecodes olivieri Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau 38 S. pieli Cockerell 39 S. kozlovi Astafurova & Proshchalykin 40 S. scabricollis Wesmael. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
In total, 33 species of Sphecodes are recorded from China (Table
Checklist of the Sphecodes species of China including distribution by provinces.
Species | Province | Published data | Type of areal | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | S. albilabris (Fabricius, 1793) | Gansu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi | first record | P |
2 | S. alternatus Smith, 1853 | Xinjiang, Gansu | first record | P |
3 | S. chinensis Meyer, 1922 | China (exactly locality is unknown) |
|
? |
4 | S. crassus Thomson, 1870 | Inner Mongolia, Shanxi | first record | P |
5 | S. cristatus Hagens, 1882 | Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Beijing, Tianjin |
|
P |
6 | S. ephippius (Linné, 1767) | Xinjiang | first record | P |
7 | S. ferruginatus Hagens, 1882 | Shanxi, Beijing | first record | P |
8 | S. formosanus Cockerell, 1911 | Taiwan |
|
O |
9 | S. galeritus Meyer, 1927 | Guandong | Meyer 1927 | O |
10 | S. gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) | Xinjiang |
|
P |
11 | S. geoffrellus (Kirby, 1802) | Shanxi, Inner Mongolia | first record | P |
12 | S. grahami Cockerell, 1922 | Sichuan, Shanghai; Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Jilin, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejang, Xizang, Guandong, Yunnan |
|
PO |
13 | S. howardi Cockerell, 1922 | Guandong |
|
O |
14 | S. intermedius Blüthgen, 1923 | Gansu | first record | P |
15 | S. kershawi Perkins, 1921 | Guandong | Meyer 1927 | O |
16 | S. kozlovi Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2015 | Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shanxi | first record | P |
17 | S. laticaudatus Tsuneki, 1983 | Hebei | first record | P |
18 | S. laticeps Meyer, 1920 | Taiwan |
|
O |
19 | S. longulus Hagens, 1882 | Gansu, Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia |
|
P |
20 | S. manchurianus Strand & Yasumatsu, 1938 | Liaoning |
|
P |
21 | S. monilicornis (Kirby, 1802) | Heilongjiang | first record | P |
22 | S. nippon Meyer, 1922 | Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Heilongjiang, Beijing, Gansu |
|
P |
23 | S. nurekensis Warncke, 1992 | Xinjiang | first record | P |
24 | S. olivieri Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1825 | Xinjiang, Gansu | first record | P |
25 | S. pieli Cockerell, 1931 | Sichuan, Shanghai, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing , Zhejiang, Jiangsu |
|
PO |
26 | S. pinguiculus Pérez, 1903 | Gansu, Inner Mongolia | first record | P |
27 | S. pectoralis Morawitz, 1876 | Xinjiang, Gansu | first record | P |
28 | S. pellucidus Smith, 1845 | Xinjiang, Sichuan, Gansu |
|
P |
29 | S. sauteri Meyer, 1925 | Taiwan |
|
O |
30 | S. scabricollis Wesmael, 1835 | Qinghai, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Heilongjiang, Beijing | first record | P |
31 | S. takaensis Blüthgen, 1927 | Taiwan |
|
O |
32 | S. tertius Blüthgen, 1927 | Guandong |
|
O |
33 | S. turanicus Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2017 | Gansu | first record | P |
The majority of the Palaearctic Chinese Sphecodes is composed of 14 widespread Trans-Palaearctic or Euro-Asian species. Of them, eight species are distributed from Europe to the Russian Far East, Japan and the eastern provinces of China (S. albilabris, S. crassus, S. cristatus, S. ferruginatus, S. geoffrellus, S. longulus, S. monilicornis, and S. scabricollis). One species, S. pellucidus, occurs in the Russian Far East, but is rare in the East Palaearctic and has not yet been found in eastern China. Five species are distributed from Europe to Siberia and are, as expected, recorded in north-west China (S. alternatus, S. gibbus, S. ephippius, S. pinguiculus, S. intermedius).
The other eight Palaearctic species have smaller distributional ranges. Sphecodes olivieri is found in semi-desert and desert habitats of the Western Palaearctic, including Xinjiang and Gansu within China. Three species, S. nurekensis, S. pectoralis and S. turanicus, are desert and steppe Irano-Turanian species distributed in Central Asia which also occur in Xinjiang and Gansu. Four species, S. kozlovi, S. laticaudatus, S. manchurianus, and S. nippon are East Palaearctic species, not found farther west than 90°E.
None of the above Palaearctic species are recorded below 30°N. However, two species, S. grahami and S. pieli, have an inter-realm range and are distributed in the East Palaearctic well as Oriental China. More study is necessary to revise the Oriental Sphecodes.
We are grateful to Maximilian Schwarz and Fritz Gusenleitner (OÖLM) for help during our visit to Austria. We thank Hege Vårdal (