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ZooKeys 194: 41–80, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.194.2721
Annotated type catalogue of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in Australian museums, with a compilation of types in other museums
Abraham S.H. Breure 1, Corey S. Whisson 2
1 Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, the Netherlands
2 Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool, WA 6106

Corresponding author: Abraham S.H. Breure (ashbreure@gmail.com)

Academic editor: E. Neubert

received 20 January 2012 | accepted 8 May 2012 | Published 17 May 2012


(C) 2012 Abraham S.H. Breure. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


For reference, use of the paginated PDF or printed version of this article is recommended.

Abstract

Type material of 41 Australian Bothriembryon taxa present in Australian museums is critically listed, indicating systematic issues that need to be resolved in further studies. Information on additional type material of 22 taxa in non-Australian museums is compiled. The seven fossil taxa known so far are included in this catalogue. Based on the current systematic position, 38 species are treated in this paper. Bothriembryon jacksoni Iredale, 1939, Bothriembryon notatus Iredale, 1939, Bothriembryon praecelsus Iredale, 1939 and Bothriembryon serpentinus Iredale, 1939 are elevated to species level. Bothriembryon gratwicki (Cox, 1899) is listed as status to be determined.

Keywords

Australia, Bothriembryontidae, types

Introduction

The land snail genus Bothriembryon Pilsbry, 1894, is endemic to Australia but forms part of the Gondwanan element in the superfamily Orthalicoidea. This genus has received little in-depth attention, the last review being B.J. Smith (1992) summarizing all known data. Given the fact that Bothriembryon species are mostly patchy in their distribution, and in some areas species complexes have been identified, a revision of the genus is needed using modern techniques (Breure and Whisson, in preparation). An inventory of as much type material as possible would facilitate revisionary work; data of primary types for 63 taxa are presented herein. The aim of this paper is (1) to present additional data on the types of Bothriembryon in Australian museums (see also Kendrick and Wilson 1975, Wells 1977, B.J. Smith 1992); (2) to summarize recently published data for some European museums (Neubert and Janssen 2004, Köhler 2007, Breure and Ablett 2012), and add additional data from American and European museums; (3) to indicate systematic issues for several species to be clarified by further studies.

Methods

For each taxon the original publication—in which the taxon was proposed—is mentioned, as well as papers in which reference is made to the type material. The type locality is quoted from the original publication in the original wording and language, with clarifying notes between square brackets. These localities have been mapped using SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010). The text of the original, or oldest, label is quoted, together with information from subsequent labels if containing information necessary for a correct interpretation. It should be noted that Iredale is considered to be somewhat remiss about marking his type material and that the designations of Iredale’s material in the Sydney museum has been done at a later stage by McMichael, presumably together with Iredale (A. Miller, pers. commun.). As a consequence this material has incorrectly been considered as holo- or paratypes by later authors (Wells 1975, B.J. Smith 1992). The original dimensions are quoted, as well as the dimensions of the type specimens; these have been taken with a digital calliper, using the methods figured by Breure (1974: fig. 2) for shell dimensions and Kendrick and Wilson (1975: fig. 1) for whorl counts; measurements up to 10 mm have an accuracy of 0.1 mm, those above 10 mm are accurate to 0.5 mm. Comparing the current measurements to those quoted from the original publication, one should be aware that the diameter especially may have been measured differently. In the case of syntypes, only the largest specimen has been measured. The number of specimens originally available, if quoted by the original author, is mentioned under remarks. Remarks are further given to describe any individual characteristics of the type specimens or any other details of the type lot. The current systematic position is given, following Breure and Romero (in press) for the classification at the family level, and B.J. Smith (1992) for the species level unless otherwise stated.

Abbreviations used for depositories of material are: AM, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia; ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA; CPC, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia; MHNG, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Switzerland; MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MV, Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; NHMUK, Natural History Museum, London, U.K.; SAMA, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia; SMF, Senckenberg Natur-Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; TWCMS, Great Northern Museum (formerly Hancock Museum), Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K.; UMZC, University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, U.K.; WAM, Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia; ZMB, Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany. Other abbreviations used are: D, shell diameter; H, shell height; W, number of whorls. This paper follows the structure of Breure (2011) and Breure and Ablett (2012), with an additional section on types in non-Australian museums; given the recent papers by e.g. Neubert and Janssen (2004), Köhler (2007), and Breure and Ablett (2012), this sections presents only a compilation of information. Figs 1–2 presents the type localities of species. The dimensions of the specimens figured are presented in the text.

Systematics

Systematic list of nominal taxa of Bothriembryon in Australian museums

Fossil taxa are indicated with an asterisk (*).

Family Bothriembryontidae Iredale, 1939

Remarks. This genus was hitherto classified with the Bulimulidae (Pilsbry 1900, Breure 1979, B.J. Smith 1992). Recent phylogenetic studies of the superfamily show that the Gondwanan group within the Orthalicoidea (Placostylidae sensu Neubert et al. 2009, Bothriembryon, Prestonella, Plectostylus, and Discoleus) appears to be monophyletic (Breure et al. 2010, Breure and Romero in press). Thus the oldest family name, i.e. Bothriembryontidae, is used herein for this group.


Bothriembryon Pilsbry, 1894

Bothriembryon balteolus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930; Bothriembryon bradshawi Iredale, 1939; *Bothriembryon consors Kendrick, 1978; Bothriembryon distinctus Iredale, 1939; *Bothriembryon douglasi Kendrick, 1978; Bothriembryon esperantia Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon eventus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon franki Iredale, 1939; *Bothriembryon gardneri Kendrick, 1978; Bothriembryon glauerti Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon grantianus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon gratwicki (Cox, 1899); Bothriembryon hullianus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon humilis Pilsbry, 1900; Bothriembryon indictus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon irvineanus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon jacksoni Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon kendricki Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 1983; *Bothriembryon kremnobates Kendrick, 2005; Bothriembryon notatus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon perditus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon perobesus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon perspectus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon praecelsus Iredale, 1939; *Bothriembryon praecursor McMichael, 1968; Bothriembryon revectus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon richeanus Iredale, 1939; *Bothriembryon ridei Kendrick, 1978; Bothriembryon sedgwicki Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon serpentinus Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon solidus Pilsbry, 1900; Bothriembryon whitleyi Iredale, 1939; Bothriembryon wrightianus Iredale, 1939.

Alphabetic list of taxa by species name
Bothriembryon balteolus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_balteolus

Fig. 6A
Bothriembryon balteolus Iredale 1939: 21, pl. 2 fig. 9; Wells 1977: 52; B.J. Smith 1992: 101.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Esperance Mallee Belt district, 50 miles south of Norseman, Madura, Salmon Gums”.

Label.

“Mallee belt / Esperance / WA”.

Dimensions.

“length 21 mm, breadth 15 mm”; lectotype H 21.5, D 13.6, W 5.0.

Type material.

WAM S15154, lectotype; AM C100716, paralectotype; AM C127557, three paralectotypes; AM C127558, two paralectotypes; WAM S15151, nine paralectotypes; WAM S15152, two paralectotypes; WAM S15153, two paralectotypes.

Remarks.

Wells (1977: 52) designated specimen WAM 9876 (now WAM S15154) as lectotype. Iredale’s description was based on “Many shells...”.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon balteolus Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_barretti

Fig. 7A
Bothriembryon barretti Iredale 1930: 119, fig.; Iredale 1939: 35, pl. 2 figs 41–42; B.J. Smith 1992: 101.
Type locality.

[South Australia] “Nullabor Plain”.

Label.

“Nullabor Plains” “near Hampton / WA / fide Iredale 1939”.

Dimensions.

“length, 27 mm; breadth, 15.5 mm”; figured specimen H 28.1, D 16.5, W 5.3.

Type material.

AM C56628, two syntypes, C. Barrett leg.

Remarks.

The additional label information “near Hampton” (see also Iredale 1939: 36) probably refers to Hampton Tableland; this extends along the Eyre Highway between Eyre and Eucla.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930.

Bothriembryon bradshawi Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_bradshawi

Fig. 5F
Bothriembryon bradshawi Iredale 1939: 24, pl. 2 fig. 14; Wells 1977: 52; B.J. Smith 1992: 102.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Tambellup”.

Label.

“Tambellup / WA”.

Dimensions.

“Length, 19.5 mm., breadth, 12 mm”; figured specimen H 19.0, D 11.4, W 4.7.

Type material.

AM C100749, syntype; AM C59096, nine syntypes; AM C59208, 30+ syntypes; WAM S15148, four syntypes; WAM S15149, two syntypes; WAM S15150, one syntype (all ex E.R. Bradshaw).

Remarks.

Iredale’s description is based on “A good series” of shells. According to Wells (1977) the WAM collection holds five paratypes.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon bradshawi Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus Pilsbry, 1900

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_inflatus_castaneus

Fig. 4C
Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus ‘Deshayes’ Pilsbry 1900: 5, pl. 1 fig. 18 [not fig. 11]; Kendrick and Wilson 1975: 315, pl. 1 figs 3a–3b; B.J. Smith 1992: 105.
Bothriembryon castaneus Pilsbry; Iredale 1939: 19, pl. 2 fig. 2.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Recherche Archipelago (Dr. Cox)”. See Remarks.

Label.

“Reserch [sic] / Archipelago / W. Australia”.

Dimensions.

“Alt. 22, diam. 13 (...) mill.”; figured specimen H 23.1, D 13.8, W 5.1.

Type material.

AM C87458, syntype (Cox coll.).

Remarks.

Kendrick and Wilson (1975), in their valuable study on type specimens of Bothriembryon, have argued why the type locality as given by Pilsbry is unlikely; they presume that the specimen originated from Doubtful Island in the Bremer Bay area. It should be noted that this locality is ca. 170 km east from Albany, Bald Head, which is the type locality of Helix melo Quoy and Gaimard, 1832, and of their variety Helix melo castanea (see next section). Should material from these two localities prove to be sufficiently distinct for systematic separation, it is worth noting that the name castaneus Pilsbry, 1900 is a homonym of castanea Quoy and Gaimard, 1832. The material is accompanied by a label “selected as type / by Iredale 1939 / p. 19”, but this is not regarded as a valid lectotype designation by Iredale.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon melo (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832).

Bothriembryon consors Kendrick, 1978

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_consors

Figs 3C–E
Bothriembryon consors Kendrick 1978: 54, fig 4F–H.
Type locality.

“Windy Harbour, Western Australia. Shallow quarry NE of lighthouse beside track to Salmon Bay. Lat. 34°49'14"S, long. 116°00'52"E. Probably Pleistocene age. See Remarks.

Label.

“Windy Harbour, W.A. Shallow / quarry NE of lighthouse beside track / to Salmon Beach”, in Kendrick’s handwriting.

Dimensions .

“height of 29.9 mm, maximum diameter 13.8 mm”; holotype H 30.0, D 13.6, W 5.3.

Type material.

WAM 72421a, holotype; WAM 72421b–e, j and k, 70901a–b, 70160d, nine paratypes.

Remarks.

Although the formulation differs, this is the same locality where Bothriembryon gardneri Kendrick, 1978 has been found.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon consors Kendrick, 1978.

Bothriembryon decresensis Cotton, 1940

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_decresensis

Fig. 5B
Bothriembryon decresensis Cotton 1940: 40; B.J. Smith 1992: 105.
Type locality.

[South Australia] “Cape Cassini, Kangaroo Island”.

Label.

“Cape Cassini / K.I.”

Dimensions.

“height 16 mm., width 10 mm”; holotype H 15.5, D 10.37, W 4.7 .

Type material.

SAMA D13773, holotype; SAMA D15588, 26 paratypes.

Remarks.

We tentatively follow the opinion of B.J. Smith (1992) that this taxon is synonymous with Bothriembryon mastersi (Cox, 1867). However, a more detailed study should corroborate this view.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon mastersi (Cox, 1867).

Bothriembryon distinctus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_distinctus

Fig. 7C
Bothriembryon distinctus Iredale 1939: 36, pl. 2 fig. 43; Wells 1977: 53; B.J. Smith 1992: 101.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Cardanumbi, west of Eyre”.

Label.

“Cardanumbi / WA”.

Dimensions.

“length of the type 27 mm., breadth 15.5 mm”; figured specimen H 26.3, D 14.5, W 6.5.

Type material.

AM C100727, syntype; AM C127568, three syntypes; WAM S15147, seven syntypes.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) based himself on “A series of shells”. B.J. Smith (1992) synonimized this taxon with Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930 after comparison of type specimens.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930.

Bothriembryon douglasi Kendrick, 1978

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_douglasi

Figs 3G–H
Bothriembryon douglasi Kendrick 1978: 55, fig. 6A–E.
Type locality.

“Sea cliff at the Carrarang-Tamala boundary fence, Edel Land, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Lat. 26°32'26"S, long. 113°26'42"E.

Label.

“Sea cliff at the Carrarang- / Tamala boundary fence, Edel Land / from top 25 feet / (7.5 m) of the cliff”, in Kendrick’s handwriting.

Dimensions.

“height of 34.2 mm, maximum diameter 19.6 mm”; holotype H 34.2, D 19.1, W 5.7.

Type material.

WAM 661036a, holotype; 661036b–c, 681434c, d, g, j, and o, seven paratypes. All material B.R. Wilson and G.W. Kendrick leg., 4.iii.1966.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon douglasi Kendrick, 1978.

Bothriembryon esperantia Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_esperantia

Fig. 6B
Bothriembryon esperantia Iredale 1939: 21, pl. 2 fig. 8; Wells 1977: 53; B.J. Smith 1992: 103.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Esperance”.

Label.

“Esperance / WA”.

Dimensions.

“Length 23 mm., breadth 15 mm”; figured specimen H 23.9, D 15.0, W 5.2.

Type material.

AM C48681, 40+ syntypes; AM C100731, syntype; MV F333, 36 syntypes; MV F26930, four syntypes; WAM S15146, four syntypes.

Remarks.

Iredale gives two sets of measurements (“The largest measures 26 mm. by 16 mm.”), but does not mention the total number of specimens he examined.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon esperantia Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon leeuwinensis eventus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_leeuwinensis_eventus

Fig. 7H
Bothriembryon leeuwinensis eventus Iredale, 1939: 25, pl. 2 fig. 18; Wells 1977: 53; B.J. Smith 1992: 105.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Margaret River”.

Label.

“Margaret River / SWA”.

Dimensions.

“the type measuring 23 mm. in length by 14 mm. in breadth”; figured specimen H 22.0, D 12.2, W 4.9.

Type material.

AM C100771, syntype; AM C127657, three syntypes; WAM S15124, 11 syntypes.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) refers to “Another series from Margaret River”; this may refer to the village “Margaret River”, or to a location along the Margaret River watercourse. In the latter case it is more likely to be in the coastal area.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon leeuwinensis (E.A. Smith, 1894).

Bothriembryon franki Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_franki

Fig. 8B
Bothriembryon franki Iredale 1939: 29, pl. 2 fig. 25.
Bothriembryon fuscus franki Iredale; Smith 1992: 103.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Denmark”.

Label.

“Denmark / Deep River / WA”.

Dimensions.

“Length 40 mm., breadth 21 mm.”; figured specimen H 40.0, D 19.6, W 5.2.

Type material.

AM C100728, syntype; AM C127672, 35 syntypes; MV F3332, nine syntypes; MV F26911, four syntypes; WAM S15145, six syntypes.

Remarks.

The text in Iredale (1939) has led to some confusion with later authors. Under the heading “Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele 1930” Iredale described shells (“a very large series”) from Denmark as Bothriembryon franki (see the legend of his pl. 2; not Bothriembryon fuscus franki as Smith (1992) suggested). The type locality Deep River is ca. 100 km W Denmark in the Walpole area. The shells he referred to as collected by S.W. Jackson at “Deep River, Nornalup Inlet” were suggested to be identical with Bothriembryon fuscus, which was described by Thiele from Torbay. Wells (1977) erroneously listed the Deep River specimens as types of fuscus Thiele. Smith (1992) listed the same specimens as syntypes of fuscus from Torbay. See also Bothriembryon fuscus on p. 65.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele, 1930.

Bothriembryon gardneri Kendrick, 1978

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_gardneri

Figs 3A–B, F
Bothriembryon gardneri Kendrick 1978: 51, fig. 4A–E.
Type locality.

“Point d’Entrecasteaux, Western Australia. Shallow quarry on crest of low ridge of calcarenite on north side of track from Windy Harbour to Salmon Beach. Lat. 34°49'14"S, long. 116°00'52" E“. Probably of Pleistocene age. See Remarks.

Label.

“Pt d’Entrecasteaux, WA. / Shallow quarry on low ridge, N side of / track from Windy Harbour to Salmon Beach”, in Kendrick’s handwriting.

Dimensions.

“height of 43.5 mm, maximum diamter 19.5 mm”; holotype H 43.5, D 18.4, W 5.8

Type material.

WAM 701603a, syntype; 701603b–c, 66794a–b, 66798a, h and w, seven syntypes; FMNH 194694/3, three paratypes. All material G. Gardner, J.K. Penglase, G.W. Kendrick leg, 1.viii.1970.

Remarks.

Although the formulation differs, this is the same locality where Bothriembryon consors Kendrick, 1978 has been found.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon gardneri Kendrick, 1978

Bothriembryon glauerti Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_glauerti

Fig. 8C
Bothriembryon glauerti Iredale 1939: 29, pl. 2 fig. 24; Wells 1977: 53; B.J. Smith 1992: 103.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Stirling Ranges”.

Label.

“Stirling Range” (see Remarks).

Dimensions.

“The type measures 38 mm. in length by 22 mm. in breadth”; figured specimen H 36.7, D 20.8, W 5.5.

Type material.

WAM S14466, syntype; WAM S15144, three syntypes, F.R. Bradshaw leg.

Remarks.

According to the old WAM registration book (No. 10127) this material was collected by F.R. Bradshaw at Bluff Knoll. This more specific locality was not mentioned by Iredale (1939); the type locality is now restricted to Bluff Knoll. Iredale did not mention on how many specimens his description was based. The relationships between this taxon and Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele, 1930, Bothriembryon franki Iredale, 1939 and Bothriembryon indutus (Menke, 1843) need further study.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon glauerti Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon rhodostomus grantianus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_rhodostomus_grantianus

Fig. 6E
Bothriembryon rhodostomus grantianus Iredale 1939: 21, pl. 2 fig. 5; Wells 1977: 54; B.J. Smith 1992: 107.
Type locality.

[Western Australia, Recherche Archipelago] “Charley Island”.

Label.

“Charley I / Recherche Arch’o / WA”, “?Type / (?measurements) / Fig’d Spem”.

Dimensions.

“length, 40 mm. by breadth, 20 mm.”; figured specimen H 36.5, D 21.2, W 5.5.

Type material.

AM C100721, syntype; WAM S15118, four syntypes, A.F. Basset Hull leg., 1921.

Remarks.

The AM label indicates that this is the specimen figured by Iredale, but shows doubt about the status of the specimen. Iredale (1939) gives several sets of dimensions, but the ones quoted above are for the “type”; see introduction why we regard Iredale’s specimens generally as syntypes. The possible subspecific status of this taxon needs further confirmation.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon rhodostomus (Gray, 1834).

Bulimus (Liparus) gratwicki Cox, 1899

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_gratwicki

Fig. 8D
Bulimus (Liparus) gratwicki Cox 1899: 435, figs 1–3; Smith 1992: 103.
Type locality.

“About 50 miles east of Israelite Bay, Western Australia, two miles from the edge of the cliffs”.

Label.

“50 miles E of / Israelite Bay / WA”, taxon label in Cox’ handwriting. See Remarks.

Dimensions.

“Length 30 mm. Width about the middle of the body whorl 10 mm”; holotype H 29.5, D 10.3, W 7.4.

Type material.

AM C6376, two syntypes; AM C127559, eight syntypes (ex Cox coll.).

Remarks.

According to B.J. Smith (1992) the two specimens in lot C6376 are syntypes; they are accompanied by a type written label stating “Type figd P.L.S.N.S.W. XXIV, p. 435 / Isrealite [sic] Bay, W.A. / Pres. Dr. J. C. Cox”. These specimens are, however, smaller than Cox stated and both are unlikely to have been figured. The largest specimen of lot C127599 fits the dimensions given by Cox better and matches the figure. These specimens are accompanied by the label mentioned above with Cox’ handwriting; a second label read reads “fr: near Israelite Bay / W.A.” and also bears the taxon name in the handwriting of Cox. The status of this taxon needs further clarification. The type locality is well known for fossil marine deposits; all museum material was collected as shells only, and the shape of this taxon is aberrant within the genus Bothriembryon, leaving doubt about its systematic classification.

Current systematic position.

Status to be determined.

Bothriembryon rhodostomus hullianus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_rhodostomus_hullianus

Fig. 6G
Bothriembryon rhodostomus hullianus Iredale 1939: 20, pl. 2 fig. 4; Wells 1977: 54; B.J. Smith 1992: 106.
Type locality.

[Western Australia, Recherche Archipelago] “Gunton Island”.

Label.

“Gunton I / Recherche Arch’o / WA”.

Dimensions.

“35 mm. in length by 18 mm. in breadth”; figured specimen H 31.7, D 18.3, W 6.0.

Type material.

AM C100718, syntype; WAM S15116, four syntypes, A.F. Basset Hull leg., 1921.

Remarks.

The AM specimen is labelled “holotype” (not in Iredale’s but in McMichael’s hand), but does not confirm with the original measurements; moreover, Iredale (1939) states he had more specimens (“shells”). Therefore we consider it a syntype. The possible subspecific status of this taxon needs further confirmation.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon rhodostomus (Gray, 1834).

Bothriembryon physoides humilis Pilsbry, 1900

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_physoides_humilis

Fig. 9B
Bothriembryon physoides humilis Pilsbry 1900: 10, pl. 2 figs 33–34; B.J. Smith 1992: 104.
Bothriembryon kingii (Gray); Iredale 1939: 31, pl. 2 fig. 28.
Type locality.

“Western Australia, King George Sound”.

Label.

“King George Sound”.

Dimensions.

“Alt. 17.5, diam. 10 (...) mill.”; lectotype H 17.2, D 10.1, W 4.8.

Type material.

AM C100774, lectotype; AM C1062, two paralectotypes; ANSP 65568, two paralectotypes (dry) and three bodies (alcohol).

Remarks.

In his original description, Pilsbry (1900) listed the dimensions of two shells, which originated from Hedley resp. Cox. The latter specimen was apparently regarded by Iredale (1939) as “the type of Pilsbry’s var. humilis”. This is to be regarded as a lectotype designation (ICZN Art. 74.6); Smith (1992) erroneously regarded it as holotype. Later, Baker (1963: 228) erroneously selected the shell figured in Pilsbry 1900 pl. 2 fig. 34 as lectotype (ANSP 65568a).

Current systematic position. Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon kingii (Gray,  1825).

Bothriembryon barretti indictus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_barretti_indictus

Fig. 7B
Bothriembryon barretti indictus Iredale 1939: 36; B.J. Smith 1992: 101.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Eucla”.

Label.

“Eucla / SWA”.

Dimensions.

“30 mm. in length by 15 mm. in width”; figured specimen H 28.8, D 15.6, W 5.7.

Type material.

AM C100730, syntype; AM C127539, three syntypes; AM C532, three syntypes.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) states “The narrow form was figured by Pilsbry [1900], f. 63, and his specimen is here refigured as type of a subspecies, Bothriembryon barretti indictus nov.”. Since Iredale mentioned to have had more shells available, we consider all material as syntypes.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930.

Bothriembryon irvineanus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_irvineanus

Fig. 7F
Bothriembryon irvineanus Iredale 1939: 24, pl. 2 fig. 15; Wells 1977: 53 (as iruineanus [sic]); B.J. Smith 1992: 104.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Cape Naturaliste”.

Label.

“Cape Naturaliste / SWA”.

Dimensions.

“Length of type, 26 mm.: breadth, 16 mm.”; figured specimen H 24.2, D 19.6, W 5.1.

Type material.

AM C100773, syntype; AM C127707, nine syntypes; WAM S15143, three syntypes, Mrs. Irvine leg., 1892.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) based himself on “a series” of shells; we consider therefore all material as syntypes.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon irvineanus Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon jacksoni Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_jacksoni

Fig. 9C
Bothriembryon jacksoni Iredale 1939: 31, pl. 2 fig. 30; Wells 1977: 53; B.J. Smith 1992: 105.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Deep River, Frankland River, Nornalup”.

Label.

“Deep River / SWA”.

Dimensions.

“The length of the type is 27 mm., the breadth 15 mm.”; figured specimene H 27.2, D 14.2, W 5.4.

Type material.

AM C100725, syntype; WAM S15142, six syntypes, S.W. Jackson leg., xii.1912.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) did not explicitly state on how many specimens his description was based. This taxon is part of the Bothriembryon kingii species complex that extends from the Walpole area in the west to near Hopetoun in the east. Smith (1992) placed this species in the synonymy of Bothriembryon kingii (Gray, 1825). However, we are of the opinion that this species groupneeds further study to ascertain the systematic position of this taxon.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon jacksoni Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon kendricki Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 1983

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_kendricki

Fig. 4F
Bothriembryon kendricki Hill et al. 1983: 238, figs 3–4; B.J. Smith 1992: 104.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “King’s Park, Perth”.

Label.

“King’s Park, Perth”.

Dimensions.

“height 16.24 mm; width 11.86 mm”; holotype H 16.2, D 11.86, W 4.0.

Type material.

WAM S14552, holotype; WAM S4009, eight paratypes; WAM S15125, nine paratypes; WAM S15126, two paratypes; WAM S15127, seven paratypes; WAM S15128, one paratype; WAM S15129, four paratypes; WAM S15130, two paratypes; WAM S15131, five paratypes; WAM S15132, four paratypes; WAM S15133, one paratype; WAM S15134, four paratypes; WAM S15135, one paratype; WAM S15136, 18 paratypes; WAM S15137, four paratypes; WAM S15138, 12 paratypes; WAM S15139, seven paratypes; WAM S15140, one paratype; WAM S15141, one paratype; WAM S15526, four paratypes.

Remarks.

The paratypes are—if not from the type locality—from several localities in and around Perth; see Hill et al. 1983: 239.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon kendricki Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 1983.

Bothriembryon kremnobates Kendrick, 2005

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_kremnobates

Figs 3I–J
Bothriembryon kremnobates Kendrick 2005: 310, fig. 1A.
Type locality.

“Roe Plains, Madura district, Western Australia (...) Late Pliocene”.

Label.

“Roe Plains, Madura district, / W.A. Pit 0.5 km N of Hampton Microwave / Repeater Tower. Carbonate sand with PTO / large shells; 0.7–1.1 m / above base of formation / (Roe Calcarenite). Note matrix / within shell is same as Roe / Calcarenite”, in Kendrick’s handwriting.

Dimensions.

“Shell height 21.5, max. diameter 14.7 (mm)”; holotype H 21.5, D 14.7, W 5.4.

Type material.

WAM 81.847, holotype, V.A. Ryland and G.W. Kendrick leg., 29.ix–4.x.1980; WAM 81.1762, one paratype; WAM 81.1774, one paratype. Paratypes V.A. Ryland, G.W. and W.E. Kendrick leg., 20–23.ix.1976.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon kremnobates Kendrick, 2005.

Bulimus mastersi Cox, 1867

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_mastersi

Fig. 5A
Bulimus mastersi Cox 1867: 39; B.J. Smith 1992: 105.
Type locality.

“Port Lincoln, South Australia (Masters)”.

Label.

“Flinders Is., S.A.”, in a later handwriting.

Dimensions.

“Long. 0.74, diam. 0.45 unc. [H 18.8, D 11.43 mm]”; figured specimen H 17.4, D 11.77, W 4.7.

Type material.

SAMA D11341, one possible syntype.

Remarks.

The specimen is slightly smaller than Cox’ original dimensions, and the label is different from that given by Cox (1867). It is considered a possible syntype as there remains some doubt if this shell was part of the original series.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon mastersi (Cox, 1867).

Bothriembryon multispirus Macpherson, 1951

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_multispirus

Fig. 7E
Bothriembryon multispirus Macpherson 1951: 30; B.J. Smith 1992: 101.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “20 miles west of Cocklebiddy Waterhole”.

Label.

“20 miles west of Cocklebiddy Water / Hole, W.A.”.

Dimensions.

“Length 24 mm.; breadth 12 mm.”; holotype H 24.2, D 12.7, W 6.7.

Type material.

MV F5716, holotype; F3068, F3073 four resp. two paratypes, Russell Grimwade expedition, ix.1947.

Remarks.

B.J. Smith (1992) placed this taxon in the synonymy of Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930, based on examination of the types.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930.

Bothriembryon notatus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_notatus

Fig. 9D
Bothriembryon notatus Iredale 1939: 31, pl. 2 fig. 29; Wells 1977: 54; B.J. Smith 1992:  104.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Pallinup River”.

Label.

“Pallenup R / SWA”.

Dimensions.

“Length 24 mm., breadth 11 mm.”; figured specimen H 23.6, D 10.9, W 5.2.

Type material.

AM C100726, syntype; AM C127661, four syntypes; WAM S15121, seven syntypes; WAM S15122, six syntypes; WAM S15123, six syntypes.

Remarks.

This taxon is part of the Bothriembryon kingii species complex that extends from the Walpole area in the west to near Hopetoun in the east. Smith (1992) placed this species in the synonymy of Bothriembryon kingii (Gray, 1825). However, we are of the opinion that this species groupneeds further study.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon notatus Iredale, 1939.

Bulimus onslowi Cox, 1864

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_onslowi

Fig. 5H
Bulimus onslowi Cox 1864: 185; Kendrick and Wilson 1975: 308, pl. 5 figs 1a–b; B.J. Smith 1992: 106.
Type locality.

“Dirk Hartog’s Island, Shark Bay, Western Australia”.

Label.

See Remarks.

Dimensions.

“Long. 0.85, diam. 0.60 unc. [H 21.6, D 15.2 mm]”; figured specimen H 21.7, D 13.9, W 4.6.

Type material.

AM C84882, syntype.

Remarks.

Kendrick and Wilson (1975) have discussed the type specimen, clarifying that the original label has been lost and that “the dimensions differ slightly from those given by Cox”.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon onslowi (Cox,  1864).

Bulimus indutus pallidus Tate, 1879

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_indutus_pallidus

Fig. 7D
Bulimus indutus pallidus Tate 1879: 135; B.J. Smith 1992: 101. Not Bulimus pallidus C.B. Adams, 1845.
Type locality.

[South Australia, Nullarbor Plain] “Bunda Plateau”.

Label.

“Nullarbor Plain”.

Dimensions.

Not given; figured specimen H 31.0, D 17.0, W 5.8.

Type material.

AM C477, three syntypes.

Remarks.

The specimens are labelled as “paratypes”; however, it is unclear on which evidence this is based and the specimens are herein considered as syntypes.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1930.

Bothriembryon perditus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_perditus

Fig. 7I
Bothriembryon perditus Iredale 1939: 32, pl. 2 fig. 32; Wells 1977: 54; B.J. Smith 1992: 106.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “70 miles east of Israelite Bay”.

Label.

“70M E of / Israelite Bay / WA”.

Dimensions.

“Length of type 24 mm., breadth 12 mm.”; figured specimen H 23.2, D 11.6, W 5.3.

Type material.

AM C100720, syntype; AM C127567, three syntypes; WAM S15120, seven syntypes, E. Gatewick leg.

Remarks.

From his description it is clear that Iredale (1939) based himself on more than one specimen.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon perditus Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon perobesus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_perobesus

Fig. 9G
Bothriembryon perobesus Iredale 1939: 28, pl. 2 fig. 22; Wells 1977: 54; B.J. Smith 1992: 106.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “the mouth of the Moore River”.

Label.

The material is accompanied by three labels. A very thin fragile old paper label with fine ink reads “Moore River, WA”; an old thicker card label with thicker black ink says “mouth of Moore River” and a lined paper label with pencil says “Moore River (mouth of)”.

Dimensions.

“The height of the shell is 25 mm., while its breadth is 19 mm.”; holotype H 24.2, D 17.9, W 4.9

Type material.

WAM S14467, holotype.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) mentioned to have “One specimen” available; therefore we consider this as the holotype. The current taxonomic status of the species needs confirmation.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon perobesus Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon rhodostomus perspectus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_rhodostomus_perspectus

Fig. 6F
Bothriembryon rhodostomus perspectus Iredale 1939: 21, pl. 2 fig. 7; Wells 1977: 54; B.J. Smith 1992: 107.
Type locality.

[Western Australia, Recherche Archipelago] “Woody Isle”.

Label.

“Woody I / Recherche Arch’o / WA”.

Dimensions.

“length, 31 mm by 17 mm., and 30 mm. by 18 mm.”; figured specimen H 34.5, D 20.0, W 5.9.

Type material.

AM C100719, syntype; WAM S15117, two syntypes, A.F. Basset Hull leg., 1921.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) gave two sets of measurements. The specimen in the AM collection does not confirm to these measurements, but bears an original label with the indication “type”; we consider it a syntype but not the holotype. The possible subspecific status of this taxon needs further confirmation.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon rhodostomus (Gray, 1834).

Bothriembryon praecelsus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_praecelsus

Fig. 5I
Bothriembryon praecelsus Iredale 1939: 22, pl. 2 fig. 11; Wells 1977: 54; B.J. Smith 1992: 102.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Kellerberrin”.

Label.

“Kellerberrin”.

Dimensions.

“length 29 mm., breadth 20 mm.”; figured specimen H 27.1, D 17.9, W 4.8

Type material.

WAM S14468, holotype.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) mentioned to have “One specimen” available; therefore we consider this as the holotype. This species, which was synonymized by Smith (1992) with Bothriembryon bulla (Menke, 1843), is now thought to be extinct (DEC 2010).

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon praecelsus Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon praecursor McMichael, 1968

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_praecursor

Fig. 3M
Bothriembryon praecursor McMichael 1968: 149, pl. 11 figs 7–9; Crespin 1974: 125.
Type locality.

[Northern Territory] “4 miles east-north-east of Deep Well homestead, near Alice Springs, N.T.”.

Label.

No labels, see Remarks.

Dimensions.

“Maximum height 14.00, maximum diameter 9.00 (mm)”; holotype H 14.17, D 9.03, W 3+.

Type material.

CPC6906, holotype; CPC6907–CPC6909, three paratypes.

Remarks.

This is a fossil species from Tertiary age; no further details are known about the dating of the horizon where the shells were found. “The holotype is an isolated steinkern of an immature shell” (McMichael 1968); the top of the shell is damaged. The paratypes are larger, up to 20.0 mm. The specimens are not accompanied with labels, but Crespin (1974) provides as data “6.5 km ENE of Deep Well hstd [homestead], near Alice Springs, N.T. (loc. Rd21)” [Holotype and paratypes 1–2], “18 km NE of Deep Well hstd, near Alice Springs, N.T. (loc. NT409)” [Paratype 3].

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon praecursor McMichael, 1968.

Bothriembryon revectus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_revectus

Fig. 9E
Bothriembryon revectus Iredale 1939: 33, pl. 2 fig. 37; B.J. Smith 1992: 106.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Bow River”.

Label.

“Bow River / SWA”.

Dimensions.

“23 mm. in length by 11 mm. in breadth”; figured specimen H 21.8, D 11.2, W 5.2.

Type material.

AM C100723, syntype; AM C127676, seven syntypes; AM C127678, 15 syntypes; AM C127677, two syntypes; WAM S15119, four syntypes, S.W. Jackson, 27.x.1912.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) mentioned to have “some shells” available for his description.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon revectus Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon richeanus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_richeanus

Fig. 9F
Bothriembryon richeanus Iredale 1939: 24, pl. 2 fig. 16; B.J. Smith 1992: 107.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Cape Riche”.

Label.

“Cape Riche / SWA”.

Dimensions.

“24 mm. in length, 13 mm. in breadth”; figured specimen H 23.4, D 12.5, W 5.1.

Type material.

AM C100772, syntype; AM C127709, three syntypes; WAM S15109, one syntype (ex Brazier coll.).

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) based himself on “a series” of shells.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon richeanus Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon ridei Kendrick, 1978

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_ridei

Figs 3K–L
Bothriembryon ridei Kendrick 1978: 56, fig. 6 F–H.
Type locality.

“Western side of Dorre Island, Western Australia; limestone cliffs opposite Disaster Cove. Lat. 24°59'52"S, long. 113°07'12"E. Probable Pleistocene age.”

Label.

“Dorre Is., W.A., West / side opposite Disaster Cove”, in Kendrick’s handwriting.

Dimensions.

“height of 36.3 mm, maximum diameter 22.7 mm”; holotype H 36.6, D 22.5, W 5.8.

Type material.

WAM 60.434a, holotype; 60.434b, d–e, 66.660a, 74.531a, five paratypes. W.D.L. Ride leg.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon ridei Kendrick, 1978.

Bothriembryon sedgwicki Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_sedgwicki

Fig. 5G
Bothriembryon sedgwicki Iredale 1939: 22, pl. 2 fig. 12; B.J. Smith 1992: 107.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Nangeenan via Merredin”.

Label.

“Nangeenan / WA”.

Dimensions.

“Height 17 mm., breadth 11 mm.”; figured specimen H 15.9, D 10.3, W 4.5.

Type material.

AM C100831, syntype; AM C127706, two syntypes; AM C127707, 11 syntypes; WAM S15108, seven syntypes, E. Sedgwick leg.

Remarks.

Iredale (1939) had “a series including juveniles” available for his description.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon sedgwicki Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon serpentinus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_serpentinus

Fig. 4G
Bothriembryon serpentinus Iredale 1939: 22, pl. 2 fig. 10; Wells 1977: 55; B.J. Smith 1992: 104.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Serpentine Falls, Darling Range”.

Label.

“Serpentine Falls / WA”.

Dimensions.

“28 mm. in length and 16 mm. in breadth”; figured specimen H 27.5, D 15.4, W 5.2.

Type material.

AM C100724, syntype; AM C127679, six syntypes; WAM S15107, 50 syntypes, Glauert leg., 1.vi.1927.

Remarks.

The original description was based on “A large series of shells”. Smith (1992) mentioned 60 paratypes in the WAM collection. He synonimized this taxon with Bothriembryon indutus (Menke, 1843). We consider Bothriembryon serpentinus a distinct taxon, but this needs confirmation by anatomical and molecular research.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon serpentinus Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon kingii solidus Pilsbry, 1900

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_kingii_solidus

Fig. 9H
Bothriembryon kingii solidus Pilsbry 1900: 9, pl. 2 fig. 28; B.J. Smith 1992: 107.
Bothriembryon sayi (Pfeiffer); Iredale 1939: 33, pl. 2 fig. 34.
Type locality.

“Western Australia, exact habitat unknown”; restricted to Margaret River (Iredale 1939: 33).

Label.

“Western / Australia”.

Dimensions.

Not given. Figured specimen H 31.8, D 13.2, W 6.0.

Type material.

AM C100722, syntype; AM C127708, two syntypes (ex Cox coll.).

Remarks.

As it is clear that this material was seen by Pilsbry, this material is herein considered as syntypes. It is not clear whether Iredale referred to “Margaret River” as a place or as geographical feature. The latter Margaret River flows near Cape Mentelle into the Indian Ocean; Cape Freychinet—type locality of Bothriembryon sayi (Pfeiffer, 1847)—is ca. 20 km to the south.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon sayi (Pfeiffer,  1847).

Liparus spenceri Tate, 1894

http://species-id.net/wiki/Liparus_spenceri

Fig. 7K
Liparus spenceri Tate 1894: 192; Tate 1896: 202, pl. 17 fig. 3; B.J. Smith 1992: 107.
Type locality.

[Northern Territory, near Alice Springs] “Glen of Palms by the junction with Palm Creek” (Tate 1896: 202).

Label.

“Glen of Palms C.A.”.

Dimensions.

“Length, 20; width 12.5 (...) mm”; holotype H 20.0, D 13.36, W 4.5.

Type material.

SAMA D3171, holotype; SAMA D11333, 12 paratypes; SAMA D15578, four paratypes.

Remarks.

This material was collected during the Horn Scientific Expedition to Central Australia in 1894. Further type material is present in the Natural History Museum in London (Breure and Ablett 2012).

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon spenceri (Tate, 1894).

Bothriembryon whitleyi Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_whitleyi

Fig. 7J
Bothriembryon whitleyi Iredale 1939: 27, pl. 2 fig. 21; B.J. Smith 1992: 107.
Type locality.

[Western Australia] “Geraldton”.

Label.

“Geraldton / WA”.

Dimensions.

“Height 16 mm., breadth 12.5 mm.”; figured specimen H 14.4, D 10.0, W 4.5.

Type material.

AM C100729, syntype; AM C127615, 31 syntypes; AM C127713, three syntypes; WAM S1368, six syntypes; WAM S15106, one syntype, G.P. Whitley leg.

Remarks.

The shell in Fig. 7J is somewhat smaller than Iredale (1939) stated, but agrees with the specimen figured by him; the description is based on “A nice series”. This species is now thought to be extinct (DEC 2010).

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon whitleyi Iredale, 1939.

Bothriembryon rhodostomus wrightianus Iredale, 1939

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_rhodostomus_wrightianus

Fig. 6D
Bothriembryon rhodostomus wrightianus Iredale 1939: 21, pl. 2 fig. 6; Wells 1977: 54; B.J. Smith 1992: 107.
Type locality.

[Western Australia, Recherche Archipelago] “Rabbit Island”.

Label.

“Rabbit I. / Recherche Arch’o / WA”.

Dimensions.

“length 36 mm. by breadth 21.5 mm.”; figured specimen H 29.4, D 16.6, W 4+ (see Remarks).

Type material.

AM C100717, syntype; AM C48677, 19 syntypes; MV F26933, four syntypes; WAM S15110, five syntypes, A.F. Basset Hull leg., 1921.

Remarks.

The top of the specimen figured by Iredale (1939) is damaged; it may be noted that the measurements deviate from the published ones and the description was based on “a fine series”. The possible subspecific status of this taxon needs further confirmation.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon rhodostomus (Gray, 1834).

Compilation of Bothriembryon type material in non-Australian museums

Additional to the data presented above, the following type specimens have been located in non-Australian museums. References to recently figured type specimens have been added; some other taxa are (re-)figured. Taxa are listed as originally published, arranged alphabetically on species name.

Bulimus angasianus Pfeiffer, 1864

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_angasianus

Bulimus angasianus Pfeiffer 1864: 528; Breure and Ablett 2012: 5, figs 2A–B.
Type material.

NHMUK 1870.10.26.176, six syntypes; TWCMS T0230.1–3, three syntypes.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon angasianus (Pfeiffer, 1864).

Bulimus baconi Benson, 1854

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_baconi

Fig. 4E
Bulimus baconi Benson 1854: 99.
Type material.

UMZC 2397, holotype.

Remarks.

We follow B.J. Smith (1992) for the systematic position of this taxon.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon bulla (Menke,  1843).

Bothriembryon gunni brachysoma Pilsbry, 1900

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_gunni_brachysoma

Fig. 7L
Bothriembryon gunni brachysoma Pilsbry 1900: 19, pl. 3 fig. 53.
Type material.

ANSP 8461, holotype.

Remarks.

This taxon was placed in the synonymy of Bothriembryon tasmanicus (Pfeiffer, 1853) by Iredale (1937: 313). We tentatively follow his judgement, but further study should clarify the status of this taxon.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon tasmanicus (Pfeiffer, 1853).

Bulimus (Liparus) brazieri Angas, 1871

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_brazieri

Bulimus (Liparus) brazieri Angas 1871: 19, pl. 1 fig. 28; Breure and Ablett 2012: 7, figs 2C–E, 2ii
Type material.

NHMUK 1870.11.5.8, lectotype, and one paralectotype (Angas coll.).

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon brazieri (Angas, 1871).

Helix melo castanea Quoy & Gaimard, 1832

http://species-id.net/wiki/Helix_melo_castanea

Fig. 4B
Helix melo castanea Quoy and Gaimard 1832: 109, pl. 9 figs 6–7; Kendrick and Wilson 1975: 315, pl. 1 figs 2a–2b.
Type material.

MNHN 24645 (see Remarks).

Remarks.

This taxon was described as “Varietas castanea; vitta alba cincta” by Quoy and Gaimard (1832); together with their figures we consider this an indication according to Art. 11.4.3. ICZN. This taxon has been ascribed incorrectly to Deshayes (1838: 245), who merely copied the text and figures of Quoy and Gaimard, e.g. by Pilsbry (1900: 5; see above under Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus). As Kendrick and Wilson have shown (1975: 310), the specimen on which Quoy and Gaimard based the name castanea was from the same locality as their Helix melo. See also Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus Pilsbry, 1900.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon melo (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832).

Bothriembryon inflatus conispira Pilsbry, 1900

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_inflatus_conispira

Fig. 4D
Bothriembryon inflatus conispira Pilsbry 1900: 6, pl. 10 figs 15–17.
Type material.

ANSP 8453, lectotype.

Remarks.

This taxon was considered a synonym of Bothriembryon bulla (Menke, 1843) by B.J. Smith (1992: 102); it was grouped by Richardson (1995) with Bothriembryon melo (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832). We here tentatively follow the latter opinion; however, further study is needed to clarify the status of this taxon.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon melo (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832).

Bulimus dux Pfeiffer, 1861

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_dux

Bulimus dux Pfeiffer 1861: 24; Breure and Ablett 2012: 15, figs 3A–B.
Type material.

NHMUK 19598, lectotype.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon dux (Pfeiffer, 1861).

Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele, 1930

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_fuscus

Fig. 8A
Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele 1930: 588, fig. 68; Köhler 2007: 142, fig. 76.
Type material.

ZMB 67610, holotype.

Remarks.

As Köhler (2007) correctly stated, this species was described from a single (but immature) preserved specimen.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele, 1930.

Bulinus gunnii Sowerby II in Strzelecki, 1845

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulinus_gunnii

Fig. 3N
Bulinus gunnii Sowerby II in Strzelecki 1845: 298, pl. 9 fig. 5 [sic, 6].
Liparus gunnii Sowerby; Harris 1897: 3.
Bulimus [sic] gunnii (Sowerby); Kershaw 1987: 1, fig. 1.
Type material.

NHMUK PI OR 96907, holotype.

Remarks.

This taxon is probably of Pliocene age, found at Hobart, Tasmania in Yellow Limestone (Travertine). Kershaw (1987) copied Sowerby’s figure and discussed the relationship between this taxon and Bothriembryon tasmanicus (Pfeiffer, 1853). A photograph of the holotype of Bothriembryon gunnii is here presented for the first time since its original publication.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon gunnii (Sowerby II in Strzelecki, 1845).

Bothriembryon melo hartogensis Kobelt, 1901

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_melo_hartogensis

Fig. 5D
Bothriembryon melo hartogensis Kobelt 1901 [1899–1902]: 770, pl. 112 figs 15–16; Neubert and Janssen 2004: 212, pl. 14 fig. 160.
Type material.

SMF 25909/1a, holotype.

Remarks.

We follow B.J. Smith (1992) for the systematic position of this taxon.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon costulatus (Lamarck, 1822).

Bulimus inflatus Lamarck, 1822

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_inflatus

Fig. 5C
Bulimus inflatus Lamarck 1822: 122; Mermod 1951: 728, fig. 78.
Helix costulata ‘Férussac’ Lamarck 1822: 122 (in synonymy).
Type material.

MHNG INVE 51162, five syntypes.

Remarks.

Kendrick and Wilson (1975: 307–308) resolved the nomenclatural status of both Lamarckian taxa and have pointed out that the type material of Bulimus inflatus Lamarck is the same as Helix costulata Lamarck; see art. 11.6 jo. 50.7 jo. 72.4.3. ICZN. They considered Mermod’s treatment of this taxon as a lectotype designation (Kendrick and Wilson 1975: 317, pl. 3 figs 4a–4b). “Mermod was most likely acting as first reviser, but his intention was certainly not to designate a lectotype, even if his statement might be considered as an inadvertent lectotype designation.” (Y. Finet, pers. commun.). B.J. Smith (1992: 102–103) erroneously attributed this material to Helix costulata and considered the type material of Bulimus inflatus “presumably lost”.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon costulatus (Lamarck, 1822).

Bulimus kingii J.E. Gray, 1825

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_kingii

Bulimus kingii J.E. Gray 1825: 414; Breure and Ablett 2012: 22, figs 2F–G, 2i
Type material.

NHMUK 195910, lectotype.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon kingii (J.E. Gray, 1825).

Bulimus (Liparus) leeuwinensis E.A. Smith, 1894

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_leeuwinensis

Bulimus (Liparus) leeuwinensis E.A. Smith 1894: 94; Breure and Ablett 2012: 24, figs 3C–E.
Type material.

NHMUK 1891.11.21.128, lectotype.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon leeuwinensis (E.A. Smith, 1894).

Bothriembryon inflatus maculiferus Pilsbry, 1900

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_inflatus_maculiferus

Fig. 6C
Bothriembryon inflatus maculiferus Pilsbry 1900: 5, pl. 1 figs 12–14; Baker 1963: 229.
Type material.

ANSP 8450a, lectotype.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon rhodostomus (J.E. Gray, 1834).

Bothriembryon martensi Kobelt, 1901

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_martensi

Fig. 6H
Bothriembryon martensi Kobelt 1901 [1899–1902]: 764, pl. 112 figs 3–4; B.J. Smith 1992: 106; Köhler 2007: 143, fig. 77.
Type material.

ZMB 101818a, lectotype.

Remarks.

This taxon was placed in the synonymy of Bothriembryon rhodostomus (Gray, 1834) by B.J. Smith (1992: 106), apparently not based on examination of the type material. The figure shown by Köhler (2007; here reproduced) is a shell much larger (H = 44.5) than any of the taxa currently considered to be Bothriembryon rhodostomus, and the colouration is with darker tones. We tentatively follow here Smith’s judgement, but further studies should clarify the status of this taxon.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon rhodostomus (J.E. Gray, 1834).

Helix melo Quoy & Gaimard, 1832

http://species-id.net/wiki/Helix_melo

Fig. 4A
Helix melo Quoy and Gaimard 1832: 109, pl. 9 figs 4–5.
Type material.

MNHN 24644, lectotype.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon melo (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832).

Bothriembryon onslowi minor Pilsbry, 1900

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_onslowi_minor

Fig. 5E
Bothriembryon onslowi minor Pilsbry 1900: 12, pl. 3 figs 45–46; Kendrick and Wilson 1975: 309.
Type material.

ANSP 78504, two syntypes.

Remarks.

Kendrick and Wilson (1975) have argued that Iredale (1939) made a mistake when he raised this taxon to full specific status; they considered minor Pilsbry a junior subjective synonym of Bothriembryon costulatus (Lamarck). They also assumed that Pilsbry’s material was collected at Dirk Hartog Island; however, without positive evidence. Examining one of the syntypes the sculpture of the upper whorl shows a characteristic pattern of strong granules on the upper part of the whorls, and less strong, oblong granules on the lower part which are vanishing on the penultimate and ultimate whorl. This pattern may also be observed in Bothriembryon mastersi (Cox) and relatives. Since Pilsbry’s material did not have locality data and this sculpture is not observed in any of the species from Shark Bay, it cannot a priori be excluded that his specimens originated from a different place than the Shark Bay region. Therefore we only tentatively assign this taxon to Bothriembryon costulatus, awaiting further study to clarify the status of Bothriembryon minor.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon ?costulatus (Lamarck, 1822).

Bothriembryon kingii naturalistarum Kobelt, 1901

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bothriembryon_kingii_naturalistarum

Fig. 7G
Bothriembryon kingii naturalistarum Kobelt 1901 [1899–1902]: 781, pl. 113 figs 22–23; Neubert and Janssen 2004: 219, pl. 14 fig. 161.
Type material.

SMF 25891a/1, syntype.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon naturalistarum Kobelt, 1901.

Bulimus physoides Reeve, 1849

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_physoides

Bulimus physoides Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]: pl. 70 fig. 507; Breure and Ablett 2012: 31, figs 2H–I.
Type material.

NHMUK 1975224, three possible syntypes (Cuming coll.).

Remarks.

See the remarks in Breure and Ablett (2012) about the type status of the specimens and the relation with Bulimus physodes Menke, 1843. B.J. Smith (1992: 105) has synonymized Menke’s taxon with Bothriembryon melo (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832); E.A. Smith (1894: 95) mentioned several differences between the two taxa and gave Menke’s taxon full species status. We tentatively follow the opinion of B.J. Smith, but further studies are needed to solve the systematic arrangement of both taxa.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon melo (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832).

Bulimus rhodostomus J.E. Gray, 1834

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_rhodostomus

Bulimus rhodostomus J.E. Gray 1834: 65; B.J. Smith 1992: 106; Breure and Ablett 2012: 35, figs 3F–G.
Type material.

NHMUK 1874.10.28.1, lectotype; 1975222, one paralectotype (ex Gray).

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon rhodostomus (J.E. Gray, 1834).

Bulimus tasmanicus Pfeiffer, 1853

http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_tasmanicus

Bulimus tasmanicus Pfeiffer 1853: 260; Breure and Ablett 2012: 41, figs 3H–I.
Type material.

NHMUK 1981204, one syntype.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon tasmanicus (Pfeiffer, 1853).

Helix trilineata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832

http://species-id.net/wiki/Helix_trilineata

Fig. 9A
Helix trilineata Quoy and Gaimard 1832: 107, pl. 9 figs 1–3.
Type material.

MNHN 24642, lectotype.

Current systematic position.

Bothriembryontidae, Bothriembryon kingii (Gray,  1825).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the following colleagues, who generously supplied information or photographs: Dan Gordon, Yves Finet, Robert Hamilton-Bruce, Virginie Héros, Frank Köhler, John Laurie, Amanda Lawless, Philippe Maestrati, Alison Miller, Adnan Moussali, Eike Neubert, Richard Preece, Mandy Reid, Chris Rowley, Jonathan Todd. The visit of ASHB to Western Australia was made possible by generous support from the Diederik van Schagen Fund. Frank Köhler critically reviewed the manuscript and made useful improvements possible.

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Plates
Figure 1.

Type localities of Bothriembryon taxa, dealt with in this study, for which accurate type locality data are available. A Species of central and south-east Australia B Species from the eastern South Coast C Species from Esperance region D Species from Stirling Range and Albany regions E Fossil species.

Figure 2.

Type localities of Bothriembryon taxa (continued). A Bothriembryon species in Western Australia B Species of Shark Bay and adjacent region C Species of the Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste region D Species of Albany region.

Figure 3.

Fossil Bothriembryon species. A, B, F B. gardneri Kendrick, 1978, holotype, WAM 701603a (H = 43.5); F sculpture on dorsal side of last whorl C–E B. consors Kendrick, 1978, holotype, WAM 72421a (H = 30.0); E sculpture on dorsal side of last whorl G–H B. douglasi Kendrick, 1978, holotype, WAM 661036a (H = 34.2) I–J B. kremnobates Kendrick, 2005, holotype, WAM 81.847 (H = 21.5) K–L B. ridei Kendrick, 1978, holotype, WAM 60.434a (H = 36.6) M B. praecursor McMichael, 1968, holotype, CPC 6906 (H = 14.17) N B. gunnii (Sowerby II, 1845), holotype, NHMUK PI OR 96907 (H = 25.1).

Figure 4.

A–D Bothriembryon melo (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832) A Lectotype, MNHN 24644 (H = 24.7) B Paralectotype, Helix melo castanea Quoy and Gaimard, 1832, MNHN 24645 (H = 20.6) Photos: P. Maestrati C Syntype of Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus Pilsbry 1900, AM C87458 (H = 23.1) Photo: A. Miller D Lectotype of B. inflatus conispira Pilsbry, 1900, ANSP 8453 (H = 25.2) Photo: A. Lawless E B. bulla (Menke, 1843), holotype of Bulimus baconi Benson, 1854, UMZC 2397 (H = 23.6) Photo: R. Preece F B. kendricki Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 1983, holotype, WAM S14552 (H = 16.2) G B. serpentinus Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100724 (H = 27.5).

Figure 5.

A–B Bothriembryon mastersi (Cox, 1867) A Possible syntype, SAMA D11341 (H = 17.4) B Holotype of B. decresensis Cotton, 1940, SAMA D13773 (H = 15.5) Photo: R. Hamilton-Bruce C–E B. costulatus (Lamarck, 1822) C Syntype of Bulimus inflatus Lamarck, 1822, MHNG INV 51162 (H = 26.0) Photo: Y. Finet D Holotype of B. onslowi hartogensis Kobelt, 1901, SMF 25909/1a (H = 12.9) Photo: E. Neubert E Syntype of B. onslowi minor Pilsbry, 1900, ANSP 78504 (H = 14.4) Photo: A. Lawless F B. bradshawi Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100749 (H = 19.0) G B. sedgwicki Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100831 (H = 15.9) H B. onslowi (Cox, 1864), syntype, AM C84882 (H = 21.7) I B. praecelsus Iredale, 1939, holotype, WAM S14468 (H = 27.1).

Figure 6.

A Bothriembryon balteolus Iredale, 1939, lectotype, WAM S15154 (H = 21.5) B B. esperantia Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C48681 (H = 23.9) C–G B. rhodostomus (Gray, 1834) C Lectotype of B. inflatus maculiferus Pilsbry, 1900, ANSP 8450 (H = 28.3) Photo: A. Lawless D Syntype of B. rhodostomus wrightianus Iredale, 1939, AM C100717 (H = 29.4) E Syntype of B. rhodostomus grantianus Iredale, 1939, AM C100721 (H = 36.5) F Syntype of B. rhodostomus perspectus Iredale, 1939, AM C100719 (H = 34.5) G Syntype of B. rhodostomus hullianus Iredale, 1939, AM C100718 (H = 31.7) H Lectotype of B. martensi Kobelt, 1901, ZMB 101818a (H = 44.5).

Figure 7.

A–E Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 1939 A Syntype, AM C56628 (H = 28.1) B Syntype of B. indictus Iredale, 1939, AM C100730 (H = 28.8) C Syntype of B. distinctus Iredale, 1939, AM C100727 (H = 26.3) D Syntype of Bulimus industus pallidus Tate, 1879, AM C477 (H = 31.0) E Holotype of B. multispirus Macpherson, 1951, MV F5716 (H = 24.2) F B. irvineanus Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100773 (H = 24.2) G B. naturalistarum Kobelt, 1901, syntype, SMF 25891/1a (H = 17.0) Photo: E. Neubert H B. leeuwinensis (E.A. Smith, 1894), syntype of B. leeuwinensis eventus Iredale, 1939, AM C100771 (H = 22.0) I B. perditus Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100720 (H = 23.2) J B. whitleyi Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100729 (H = 14.4) K B. spenceri (Tate, 1894), holotype, SAM D3171 (H = 20.0) L B. tasmanicus (Pfeiffer, 1853), holotype of B. gunni brachysoma Pilsbry, 1900, ANSP 8461 (H = 20.4) Photo: A. Lawless.

Figure 8.

A–B Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele, 1930 A Holotype, ZMB 67610 (H = 20.0) Photo: F. Köhler B Syntype of B. franki Iredale, 1939, AM C100728 (H = 40.0) C B. glauerti Iredale, 1939, syntype, WAM S14466 (H = 36.7) D Bulimus (Liparus) gratwicki Cox, 1899, syntype, AM C127559 (H = 29.5).

Figure 9.

A–E Species complex of Bothriembryon kingii (J.E. Gray, 1825) A Lectotype of Helix trilineata Quoy and Gaimard, 1832, MNHN 24642 (H = 27.1) Photo: P. Maestrati B Lectotype of B. physoides humilis Pilsbry, 1900 AM C100774 (H = 17.2) C B. jacksoni Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100725 (H = 27.2) D B. notatus Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100726 (H = 23.6) E B. revectus Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100723 (H = 21.8) F B. richeanus Iredale, 1939, syntype, AM C100772 (H = 23.4) G B. perobesus Iredale, 1939, holotype, WAM S14467 (H = 24.2) H B. sayi (Pfeiffer, 1847), syntype of B. kingii solidus Pilsbry, 1900, AM C100722 (H = 31.8).