A genus of Orthomorphini with 20 segments. Body medium- to large-sized, adults ca 15–50 mm long, ca 1.1–3.1 and 1.5–6.7 mm wide on midbody pro- and metazona, respectively. Paraterga invariably well-developed, metazonite to prozonite width ratio being ca 1.6–1.7. Adenostyles on ♂ legs 1 missing. Sternal lobe or cone(s) between ♂ coxae 4 present or absent.

Gonopod with a long, subcylindrical, distodorsally usually setose coxite and a normal, cylindrical cannula. Telopodite mostly very slender and long, modestly curved. Prefemoral portion densely setose, about as long as (rarely) to ca 2–3 times (usually) shorter than femorite (measured together with “postfemoral” part lying distal to lateral sulcus). Femorite without evidence of torsion (= seminal groove running only mesally), often slightly enlarged distally, mostly with a clear-cut, oblique, distolateral sulcus demarcating a “postfemoral” part. Solenophore only moderately strongly curved mesad or caudomesad, consisting of modestly developed laminae lateralis and medialis, yet with lamina lateralis somewhat larger than lamina medialis, both sheathing a similarly long, simple, flagelliform solenomere with a barely exposed tip; tip of solenophore never deeply split, normally poorly bi- or trifid, some of apical prongs being either minute denticles or lappets, or small teeth, or completely reduced.

Type-species: Polydesmus beaumontii Le Guillou, 1841, by subsequent designation by Pocock (1909).

The Orthomorphini is certainly the most diverse tribe of Oriental Paradoxosomatinae both at the generic and species levels. It is generally characterized by the gonopod showing a simple, usually subcylindrical (= normally not excavate mesally) and elongate femorite devoid both of torsion (= the seminal groove running entirely or nearly entirely on the mesal side) and processes/outgrowths. A distolateral sulcus demarcating a “postfemoral” part is usually, but not always, present. A solenomere is always long and flagelliform, starting on top of the femorite (+ “postfemoral” part, if any) at the base of a more or less elaborate solenophore, the latter being demarcated by an evident cingulum or mesal sulcus. The solenophore always consists of well- to moderately well developed, often subequal, lamellar lamina lateralis and lamina medialis, both only modestly curved mesad or caudomesad and both supporting and sheathing at least most of the solenomere. It is the solenophore that provides most of the generic characters in Orthomorphini, such as the presence or absence of additional structures (processes or lobes) at its base, near midway and/or at its tip (Jeekel 1968; Golovatch 1997a, 2000, 2009).

Orthomorpha is basically characterized by very broad paraterga, coupled with the gonopod showing mostly an elongate, slender femorite (+ “postfemoral” part, if any) and a long, modestly curved solenophore bearing additional structures neither at its midway nor near its base; the tip of the solenophore is never deeply split, normally poorly bi- or trifid, some of the apical prongs being either minute denticles or lappets, or small teeth, or completely reduced.

Based on the broad paraterga and the conformation of the solenophore, Orthomorpha comes closest to the continental Southeast Asian Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (see above), the Philippine Luzonomorpha Hoffman, 1973 and the basically Bornean Gigantomorpha Jeekel, 1963 (Jeekel 1963, 1980a; Hoffman 1973; Golovatch 1996, 1997a). However, Antheromorpha species show a very deeply split tip of the solenophore, Gigantomorpha species demonstrate a somewhat flattened and bisinuate gonofemorite, usually also a more elaborate, often deeply split solenophore tip, whereas in Luzonomorpha the tip is deeply bispinose. A similarly poorly bi- or trifid gonopod is only observed in Orthomorphoides gen. n., but its species differ from Orthomorpha in much smaller bodies, in the rather poorly developed paraterga and at least in some of the apical prongs of the solenophore being short spines (see below).

Syntypes of Orthomorpha hydrobiologica spinala: 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMW–3510), Indonesia, “Karimon Djawa Inseln” (= Pulau Karimunjawa Island, north of Java), V.1926, leg. Dammerman; 1 ♀ of Orthomorpha hydrobiologica spinala (NHMW–8001), Indonesia, Java, Tjibodas, no date, leg. W. S. S. van Benthem-Jutting, det. C. Attems.

Length 33–38 mm (♂), 36–38 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.7–2.8 and 4.0–4.2 mm (♂), 3.1–3.3 and 4.3–4.4 mm (♀), respectively. Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation rather uniformly brown with contrasting pale yellowish paraterga, venter and legs light yellow-brown (Fig. 2).

Head usual, clypeolabral region sparsely setose, surface of vertex smooth; epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long (Fig. 2A & B), reaching behind midway of body segment 3 (♂) or beyond segment 2 (♀). Head in width < collum < segments 3 and 4 < segment 2 < segments 5–16(17), gently and gradually tapering thereafter. Collum with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior setae; caudal corner of paraterga dentiform, pointed, directed caually (Fig. 2A, B & J). Tegument smooth and shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metaterga slightly rugulose; surface below paraterga smooth. Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of setae, these being always abraded and traceable as insertion points: 2+2 in anterior (pre-sulcus) row, 3+3 in posterior (postsulcus) one. Axial line barely visible both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 2A-G, J-L), especially so in ♂, subhorizontal, always lying below dorsum, thin in lateral view, like blunt blades, a little thicker only on pore-bearing segments, always clearly projecting well behind tergal margin. Calluses delimited both dorsally and ventrally, only on segment 2 without ventral sulcus, thin, especially so on poreless segments. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge rounded, lateral edge with two small, but evident incisions in anterior 1/3; posterior edge evidently concave (Fig. 2A & J). Paraterga 3 and 4 subequal, like subsequent paraterga, anterior edge slightly rounded, bordered and fused to callus, lateral edge with a small incision in anterior third. Paraterga 15–19 with tip of caudal corner evidently curved mesad. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 of metazonital length. Transverse sulcus present on metaterga 5–18, shallow, not reaching bases of paraterga, finely beaded at bottom (Fig. 2A, C, F, J-L). Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow, shallow, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 2D & E). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segment 2 or segments 2 and 3, with a small, sharp, caudal tooth on segments 3–7(8) (♂) or 4–6 (♀), thereafter with a very small caudal denticle until segment 15 (♂, ♀). Epiproct (Fig. 2E-G & L) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, apical papillae well-developed, acute and directed ventrad; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, but visible. Hypoproct (Fig. 2G) subtriangular, setiferous knobs at caudal edge well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications, but with a pair of small, rounded, completely separated, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 2H & I). No conspicuous ridge in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, slightly incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.3 (♂) or 0.8–0.9 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until legs of segment 9.

Gonopods (Fig. 3) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several setae distodorsally. Prefemoral (= densely setose) portion more than 3 times shorter than femorite (measured until beginning of solenomere, including “postfemoral” part lying beyond lateral sulcus). Femorite slender, slightly curved and not enlarged distad, “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; tip of solenophore evidently trifid, middle denticle much smaller than both a terminal tooth and a subterminal lobule; solenomere about as long as solenophore, flagelliform.

A complete historical review of the typification of Orthomorpha has long been provided by Jeekel (1963). Despite some confusion, Orthomorpha was properly typified by Pocock (1909), with Orthomorpha beaumontii (Le Guillou, 1841) serving as the type-species.

Originally described as a subspecies of Orthomorpha hydrobiologica (see Attems 1932), not as a variety as mistakenly quoted by Jeekel (1968), spinala has since been treated as a full species (Jeekel 1968). The above samples, especially the only available ♀ syntype, agree in almost every detail with the very accurate redescription of the Orthomorpha beaumontii holotype provided by Jeekel (1963), making a restudy of the holotype superfluous. The few differences, such as size (4.4 vs 5.0 mm), coloration (brown vs blackish), the shape of the caudal tooth on pleurosternal carinae (sharp teeth vs triangular lappets), the presence of an anterolateral denticle on paraterga (very small vs virtually missing) etc., are deemed too minor, rather reflecting individual or population-level variation, to consider Orthomorpha spinala as being distinct from Orthomorpha beaumontii at the species level. Hence the new synonymy advanced. In addition, the type series of Orthomorpha spinala derives from an islet lying nearly halfway between Java and the beaumontii type locality, Borneo.

Jeekel (1963), when trying to find the closest match among the known Orthomorpha species to the holotype of Orthomorpha beaumontii, emphasized its especially strong similarities to Orthomorpha weberi. Slight differences were only noted in the shape of the paraterga. It was this that allowed Jeekel to unequivocally conserve the concept of Orthomorpha. Zoogeographically, the strong morphological similarities between Orthomorpha beaumontii and Orthomorpha weberi make sense, because the latter species is endemic to Java, Indonesia.

With the above synonymization, the nomenclature of Orthomorpha becomes stabilized, confirming this genus’ present scope. The identity of its type-species, Orthomorpha beaumontii, has been refined, based on male characters as well.

Bollman (1893), when proposing Orthomorpha as a replacement name for the preoccupied Paradesmus De Saussure, 1859, synonymized Orthomorpha beaumontii with Orthomorpha spectabilis (Karsch, 1881), the latter species from Java. Apparently because he provided no evidence whatsoever to substantiate his synonymization, it has since been neglected, spectabilis still remaining a dubious name (e.g. Attems 1937; Jeekel 1968).

(Attems (1898, 1914, 1937) referred to beaumontii a sample from Java, Indonesia which he had received from the Berlin Museum, thus providing a second record of this species. However, because the gonopod tip of that sample shows a remarkably small subterminal lappet, while the paraterga and pleurosternal carinae slightly differ in shape from those of beaumontii, there can be no doubt of Attems’ misidentification. Hence our references to it as such in the catalogue section above.

1 ♂, 2 ♀(CUMZ), Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov., Mae Rim Distr., Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden, 19°30'17"N, 99°25'89"E, 03.03.2007, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Nan Prov., Mueang Nan Distr., Nan Resort, ca 240 m, 18°54'21"N, 100°45'45"E, 11.10.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Pua Distr., Wora Nakhom Subdistr., ca 270 m, 19°55'43"N, 100°55'14"E, 29.01.2010, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Phrae Prov., Rong Kwang Distr., Hoylong Waterfall, 18°44'39"N, 100°44'95"E, 09.10.2009, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Phitsanulok Prov., Wang Thong Distr., Sukunotayan Waterfall, 17°23'73"N, 100°53'5"E, 09.10.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 3 ♂ (CUMZ), Tak Prov., Tha Song Yong Distr., Mae Usu Cave, ca 140 m, 17°18'16"N, 98°09'21"E, 30.05.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Umphang Distr., Thee Lor Su Riverside Resort, ca 470 m, 16°02'47"N, 98°51'9"E, 06.06.2009, leg. R. Chanabun. 7 ♂, 5 ♀ (CUMZ), Kamphaeng Phet Prov., Mueang Kamphaeng Phet Distr., Thai Restaurant, 17.01.2011, leg. N. Likhitrakarn & R. Chanabun. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Ubon Ratchathani Prov., Khongchiam Distr., Tadton Waterfall, 14.05.2011, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Saraburi Prov., Chaloem Phra Kiat Distr., Siwilai Cave, 15°12'03"N, 101°27'13"E, 31.09.2006, leg. R. Chanabun. 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Prov., Mueang Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Distr., 15.11.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), same Prov., Maharat Distr., Seafood Restaurant, 20.09.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Nakhon Nayok Prov., Ban Na Distr., near house, 17.05.1952, leg. K. Isarankura. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Sa Kaeo Prov., Khlong Hat Distr., Thamphet Temple, ca 170 m, 13°21'15"N, 102°18'47"E, 17.09.2009, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Bangkok Prov., Pattum Wan Distr., Chulalongkorn University campus, 14°11'0"N, 100°53'02"E, 03.07.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Phetchaburi Prov., Ban Laem Distr., 20.07.2009, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Chonburi Prov., Si Racha Distr., Khao Kheow Open Zoo, 13°21'54"N, 101°05'17"E, 03.04.2007, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Bothong Distr., Bothong Waterfall, ca 90 m, 13°15'01"N, 101°22'33"E, 15.09.2009, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Chanthaburi Prov., Khlung Distr., Makok Waterfall, 12°59'16"N, 102°26'02"E, 03.09.2007, leg. C. Sutcharit. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Khaeng Hang Maeo Distr., Khao Sibhachan, 13°33'36"N, 102°11'49"E, 30.12.2008, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Ranong Prov., Mueang Ranong Distr., 06.10.2008, leg. C. Sutcharit. 8 ♂, 13 ♀, 3 juv. (CUMZ), Phang Nga Prov., Khura Buri Distr., Similan National Park, Ko Similan, Island 8, 8°40'01"N, 97°38'54"E, 07.04.2010, leg. S. Panha & N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Surat Thani Prov., Ban Ta Khun Distr., Ratchaprapa Dam, 9°37'20"N, 99°21'0"E, 08.10.2008, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 2 ♀ (CUMZ), Phatthalung Prov., Mueang Phatthalung Distr., Tham Malai Thep Nimit, ca 20 m, 7°38'09"N, 100°05'04"E, 11.01.2009, leg. R. Chanabun. 2 ♀ (CUMZ), Satun Prov., Mueang Satun Distr., Tarutao National Park, Ao Talo Wow, 7°02'30"N, 100°08'20"E, 09.04.2008, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Malaysia, Terengganu, Kenyir Lake, ca 170 m, 4°50'44"N, 102°43'15"E, 25.05.2011, leg. R. Chanabun. 7 ♂, 18 ♀ (CUMZ), Johor, Yong Peng, ca 20 m, 2°0'40"N, 103°03'25"E, 21.05.2011, leg. R. Chanabun. Syntypes of Orthomorpha coarctata gigas: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMW-3504), Indonesia, Maluku Prov., Banda Sea, Maluku Barat Regency, Poelau Island, Teoen (= Teun), leg. Kopstein.

Length 14.5–20.5 (♂) or 16.5–27.5 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 1.1–1.7 and 1.5–2.7 mm (♂), 1.1–2.5 and 1.6–3.2 mm (♀), respectively.Coloration, texture, all main somatic and gonopod characters as in Figs 4–8. Neither sternal lobe nor cone(s) between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 4H & I), at most only traces of poor knobs (Fig. 7H & I).

Gonopods (Figs 5, 6 & 8) with tip of solenophore produced into a single lobe, all other spikes or denticles being either missing or nearly missing.

This pantropical species has been described and redescribed several times, often under different names (e.g. Jeekel 1968). From Thailand, it had been described as Paradesmus flavocarinatus until Enghoff (2005) showed it to actually represent still another synonym of Orthomorpha coarctata. No full catalogue is attempted here as being superfluous, with hundreds of references involved.

Our restudy of the type material of Orthomorpha coarctata gigas, kept in NHMW (Figs 7 & 8), confirms Jeekel’s (1968) synonymization of this subspecies with Orthomorpha coarctata s. str.

♂ (NHMW-3500), Vietnam, Lamdong Prov., Dalat, 1500 m, 31.01.1935, leg. C. Dawydoff.

2 ♂, 1 ♀, 10 juv. (NHMW-3500), same locality, together with lectotype. Numerous fragments (NHMW-3499), Vietnam, Lamdong Prov., Peak Lang Biang, Arbre-Broyé, 1400 m, 02.02.1931, leg. C. Dawydoff.

Lectotype designation proposed herewith is necessary to ensure the species is based on a complete male.

Length 28–31 mm (♂), 34 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.3–2.8 and 3.8–4.1 mm (♂), 3.4 and 4.6 mm (♀), respectively (vs up to 38 mm length, as given in the original descriptions (Attems 1937, 1938)). Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation rather uniformly light brown to brown (Fig. 9) (vs light red-brown to dark brown, as given in the original descriptions (Attems 1937, 1938)).

Head usual, clypeolabral region sparsely setose (vs densely setose, as given in the original descriptions (Attems 1937, 1938)), surface of vertex smooth; epicranial suture distinct, flanked by rugulose patches. Antennae long and slender (Fig. 9A), extending behind until body segment 4 (♂, ♀) dorsally. Head in width < collum < segments 3 and 4 < segment 2 < segments 5–16, gently and gradually tapering thereafter. Collum with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior setae; caudal corner of paraterga dentiform, pointed, directed caually; 3+3 small tubercles in front of caudal margin (Fig. 9A & J). Tegument dull, prozona very finely shagreened, metaterga finely rugulose and microgranulate, surface below paraterga slightly more so. Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of setae, these being always borne on low, oblong, rounded tubercles: 2+2 in anterior (pre-sulcus) row, 3(4)+3(4) in posterior (postsulcus) one. Axial line visible both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 9A-G, J-L), especially so in ♂, subhorizontal to slightly upturned, lying level to or slightly above dorsum, thin in lateral view, like blunt blades, a little thicker only on pore-bearing segments, on postcollum segments always clearly projecting well behind tergal margin. Calluses delimited only dorsally, thin, especially so on poreless segments. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge angular, lateral edge with one larger and two smaller, but evident incisions in anterior 1/3; posterior edge evidently concave (Fig. 9A & J). Paraterga 3 and 4 subequal, like subsequent paraterga, anterior edge broadly rounded, bordered and fused to callus, lateral edge with a small incision in anterior third. Paraterga 16–19 with tip of caudal corner slightly curved mesad. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 of metazonital length. Transverse sulcus present on metaterga 5–18, shallow, reaching bases of paraterga, smooth at bottom, slightly sinuate anteromedially (Fig. 9A, C, F, J-L). Stricture between pro- and metazona rather narrow, shallow, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segments 2–7 (♂) (Fig. 9B & D) or 2–4 (♀), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly reduced until segment 11 (♂, ♀). Epiproct (Fig. 9E, F & L) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, apical papillae small; tip subtruncate; preapical papillae small, but visible. Hypoproct (Fig. 9G) semi-circular, setiferous knobs at caudal edge well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications, but with a very evident, high, setose, central cone between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 9H & I). A conspicuous ridge in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, only slightly incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 1.4–1.5 (♂) or 1.1–1.2 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until legs of segment 10.

Gonopods (Fig. 10) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several setae distodorsally. Prefemur densely setose, more than 2 times shorter than femorite (measured until beginning of solenomere). Femorite slender, evidently curved and slightly enlarged distad, “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; tip of solenophore evidently bifid, subterminal lobule with three minute denticles at distal margin.

This species is only known from southern Vietnam (Dalat and Peak Lang Biang).

♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Phang Nga Prov., Khura Buri Distr., Similan National Park, Ko Bangu, Island 9, ca 40 m, 8°40'33"N, 97°37'08"E, 06.04.2010, leg. N. Likhitrakarn.

2 ♀ (CUMZ), same locality, together with holotype.

To emphasize the picturesque appearance of the animals.

The new species differs in the small size (up to 23 mm long and 3.5 mm wide), coupled with a particular coloration and a bifid gonopod tip (see also Key below).

Length ca 19 mm (♂) and 22–23 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 1.8 and 2.7 mm (♂), 2.3–2.5 and 3.4–3.5 mm (♀), respectively. Coloration of live animals blackish, paraterga and epiproct contrasting creamy orange, legs and venter brownish to pale brown; coloration of alcohol material after preservation faded to castaneous brown or pale brown, paraterga (marbled at base) and epiproct somewhat faded to pale pinkish or pale yellow, legs and venter paler brown (Fig. 11A-J).

Clypeolabral region densely setose, vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long, clavate (antennomere 7 broad) (Fig. 11A & C), extending behind until body segment 3 (♂) or beyond segment 2 (♀) dorsally.

Head in width < collum < segments 3–4 < 2 = 5–16 (♂, ♀); thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 2+2 posterior; caudal corner of paraterga very narrowly rounded, slightly bordered and declined ventrally, not extending behind tergal margin (Fig. 11B & J). Tegument smooth and shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metazona leathery, faintly rugulose, below paraterga more evidently so. Postcollum metaterga with a transverse anterior row of 2+2 setae. Tergal setae long, slender, about 1/3 metatergal length. Axial line faint, barely traceable on metaterga. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 11A-J), especially well so in ♂, slightly upturned and lying below dorsum (at about 1/3 on body height), except for paraterga 2 being subhorizontal, broad in dorsal aspect and thin in lateral view; shoulders well-developed, slightly rounded and oblique laterally; caudal tip of paraterga 2 nearly pointed, increasingly well pointed on paraterga 14–19; paraterga bent posteriad, at least slightly extending behind tergal margin, more evidently so on segments 2–3 and 14–19. Calluses delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, rather narrow, a little broader on pore-bearing segments, with 1–2 small lateral incisions in anterior 1/4 and 3/4 on callus 2 and following pore-bearing segments, but only one (at front 1/4) on following poreless segments (Fig. 11C, E, H, K & I). Posterior edge of paraterga evidently concave, more strongly so on segments 16–19 (Fig. 11F-H). Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/4 paratergal length in front of caudal corner. Transverse sulcus present on metaterga 5–18, usually narrow and shallow (Fig. 11B, D & F), superficial (especially so due to coarse texture around), slightly not reaching bases of paraterga, a little better developed in ♀ (Fig. 11I & J). Stricture between pro- and metazona broad, evidently ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 11B, D, E & H). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests bulged anteriorly and with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2–7, thereafter only a sharp caudal tooth on segments 8–18, a very small denticle on segment 19 (Fig. 11C, E & H), or crests bulged anteriorly and with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2–4, thereafter only a small sharp caudal tooth on segments 5–16 (♀). Epiproct (Fig. 11F-H) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, with two evident apical papillae, these especially clear in ♂, slightly concave at tip; pre-apical papillae evident. Hypoproct (Fig. 11G) semi-circular, setiferous knobs at caudal edge well-separated.

Sterna delicately and sparsely setose, without modifications; a paramedian pair of small, strongly separated, setose tubercles between ♂ coxae 4. Gonopod aperture broken during removal of gonopods. Legs moderately long and slender, slightly incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.4 (♂) or 0.9–1.1 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present until legs of segment 8.

Gonopods (Fig. 12) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several strong setae distodorsally. Prefemoral part densely setose, less than half the length of femorite + ”postfemoral” part. The latter slender, slightly curved and not enlarged distad, with a “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus. Solenophore with a bidentate tip, both prongs being subequal; solenomere long and flagelliform.

Among all nine islets of the Similan Archipelago, Thailand inspected for millipedes in April 2010, only three appeared to support Orthomorpha species, one each per islet. Only Orthomorpha picturataoccurred on Ko Bangu, Island 9 (Map 2), another new species (Orthomorpha similanensis sp. n., see below) on Ko Miang, Island 4, while Ko Huyong, Island 1 harboured still another presumed congener which regrettably cannot be described, because we only obtained female material.

♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov., Pakchong Distr., Khao Rup Chang, ca 420 m, 14°31'33"N, 101°21'36"E, 26.04.2009, leg. S. Panha, R. Chanabun & N. Likhitrakarn.

2 ♂, 2 ♀ (ZMUC), 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (ZMUM), 14 ♂, 21 ♀ (CUMZ), same data as holotype. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), same Distr., Klang Dong Restaurant, ca 360 m, 14°09'10"N, 101°18'35"E, 01.04.2011, leg. R. Chanabun.

To emphasize the evident metatergal tuberculation.

The new species differs in evidently tuberculated metaterga, coupled with only a small anterolateral incision on paraterga and a bifid gonopod tip (see also Key below).

Length 24–32 mm (♂), 27–34 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.6–3.3 and 4.5–5.2 mm (♂), 2.9–4.0 and 4.5–5.5 mm (♀), respectively Coloration of live animals blackish, paraterga and epiproct contrasting creamy orange, legs and venter brownish to pale brown (Fig. 13A); coloration of alcohol material after preservation faded to dark castaneous brown, paraterga (marbled at base), metatergal tubercles, middle region of prozona, venter, epiproct, and several basal podomeres more flavous, pale pinkish, brownish or pale yellow (Fig. 13B-J).

Clypeolabral region densely setose, vertex bare, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae short, poorly clavate (Fig. 13A), extending behind segment 2 (♂) or until midway of segment 2 (♀) dorsally.

Head in width << collum < segments 3–4 < 2 = 5–16 (♂), or head < collum < segments 3–4 < 2 < 5–16 (♀); thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of medium-sized setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 2+2 posterior, all borne on very evident tubercle, these being especially high in caudal row; paraterga slightly declivous, broadly rounded and narrowly bordered, caudal corner a minute knob, not extending behind tergal margin (Fig. 13B & C). Tegument rather poorly shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metaterga coriaceous, roughly rugose and granulate, below paraterga rugulose. Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of short, mostly abraded setae borne on evident tubercles: 2+2 in front (pre-sulcus) row on smaller tubercles and 3+3 in caudal (postsulcus) row on higher, sharper and dorsocaudally inclined tubercles (Fig. 13B-F). Metatergal tubercles especially high on collum and several following segments, growing increasingly lower towards segment 19. Axial line clear, especially so on metaterga. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 13A-H), especially well so in ♂, mostly subhorizontal to faintly declivous, always lying below dorsum, set at about 1/3–1/4 midbody height; shoulders well-developed, mostly straight; caudal tips of paraterga nearly pointed to pointed, always extending behind tergal margin, increasingly well pointed and often bent mesad on paraterga (14-)19. Calluses delimited by a sulcus both dorsally and ventrally, especially deeply so dorsally, rather broad, with three more or less evident lateral incisions on callus 2 and two strong indentations on following segments (Fig. 13B, D & F). Posterior edge of paraterga always evidently concave, more strongly so on segments 16–19 (Fig. 13F). Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in a deep ovoid groove at about 1/3–1/4 paratergal length in front of caudal corner. Transverse sulcus present on metaterga 2–18, incomplete on metaterga 2–4, complete and reaching bases of paraterga on following segments, beaded at bottom, deep (Fig. 13B, D & F). Stricture between pro- and metazona deep, evidently ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae large, roughly granulate crests with a distinct tooth both frontally and caudally, complete on segments 2–9 (♂) or 2–8 (♀), thereafter split into both front and caudal teeth, the former turning into bulges until segment 13(14), the latter tooth gradually reduced until segment 18 (♂) or 17 (♀), much more strongly developed in ♂ than in ♀ (Fig. 13C, E & H). Epiproct (Fig. 13F & G) conical, rather short, flattened dorsoventrally, with two very evident (♂) or rather small, sharp, apical teeth (♀) directed ventrocaudally; pre-apical papillae evident, located close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 13G) roundly subtriangular, setiferous knobs at caudal edge clear and well-separated.

Sterna delicately and rather densely setose; a paramedian pair of evident, fully separated, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 13I & J). A paramedian pair of small tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs moderately long and slender, almost not incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.3 (♂) or 0.8–0.9 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present only on ♂ legs 1–3, thereafter gradually thinning out.

Gonopods (Figs 14 & 15) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several strong setae distodorsally. Prefemoral part densely setose, about 3 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite slender, suberect to slightly curved, nearly not enlarged distad, with a “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus. Solenophore tip either very faintly bidentate, with both denticles being subequal, or a nearly smooth lobe; solenomere long and flagelliform.

There are two further populations which we regard as representing the same new species. One of the populations (15 ♂, 3 ♀ (CUZM), non-types) comes from Thailand, Lop Buri Prov., Khok Samrong Distr., Khao Wong Phrachan Temple, 14°58'0"N, 100°41'49"E, 07.06.2008, leg. C. Sutcharit. The other one (1 ♂, 2 ♀ (CUZM), non-types) comes from Thailand, Saraburi Prov., Kaeng Khoi Distr., Kaeng Khoi, 14°58'N, 100°59'E, 08.09.2007, leg. S. Panha. All three localities are situated about 100–200 km from one another, west, north and northwest of the Sankamphaeng Mountain Range, Khao Yai National Park within the same hilly area (Map 2).

Length 22–30 mm (♂), 24–31 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.6–2.9 and 3.9–4.2 mm (♂), 2.8–3.3 and 4.0–4.3 mm (♀), respectively. Colour pattern same as in the type series of Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n., but coloration of alcohol material darker, blackish.

All other characters as in the typical Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n. (Figs 16–18), except as follows.

Venter and legs sometimes as pallid as paraterga and epiproct. Paraterga slightly less prominent, narrower (Fig. 16A, C & F). Pattern of setigerous tubercles in caudal row on metatergum 17 sometimes as 4+3, on metatergum 18 as 4+4. Paraterga 2 sometimes with four small indentations on one side, with three ones on the other. Surface below paraterga microgranulate and faintly rugulose.

Length 36 mm (♂), 36–37 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 3.0 and 4.9 mm (♂), 3.5–3.7 and 5.2–5.5 mm (♀), respectively. Colour pattern same as in the type series of Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n., but coloration of alcohol material darker, blackish.

All other characters as in the typical Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n. (Figs 19–21), except as follows.

Paraterga less prominent, even midbody ones nearly not produced behind tergal margin (Fig. 19A-E) (Figs 1K–M). Pattern of setigerous tubercles in caudal row on metatergum 19 sometimes as 4+3.

♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov., Wang Nam Khiao Distr., Sakaerat Enviromental Research Station, 14°50'N, 102°34'E, 15.07.2006, leg. S. Panha.

1 ♂ (CUMZ), same data as holotype. 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (CUMZ), same locality, 10.01.2007, leg. N. Likhitrakarn.

To emphasize the strong similarity to Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n.

Comes closest to Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n., but differs in a strong anterolateral incision on paraterga (see also Key below).

Length 21–23 mm (♂), 23–24 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.2–2.4 and 3.5–4.2 mm (♂), 2.1–3.7 and 3.4–4.3 mm (♀), respectively. Coloration of alcohol material after preservation uniformly blackish-brown (♀) or apparently faded to uniformly brown (♂), with paraterga, venter, distal part of epiproct and several basal podomeres more flavous, pallid to light yellow (Fig. 13B-J); antennomere 7 infuscate, brown to dark brown; legs sometimes infuscate distally, light brown.

All other characters as in Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n. (Fig. 13), except as follows.

Antennae longer (Fig. 22B), extending behind segment 3 (♂) or 2 (♀) dorsally.

Head in width < collum < segments 3–4 < 2 < 5–16 (♂, ♀); thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Paraterga on collum slightly declivous, subtriangular, with a small, but evident indentation near midway and a small, caudally directed, sharp denticle at caudal corner, the latter not extending behind tergal margin (Fig. 22A & J). Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 22A-G & J-L), especially well so in ♂, mostly subhorizontal to faintly upturned, always lying below dorsum, set at about 1/4 midbody height; shoulders well-developed, mostly straight; caudal tips of paraterga pointed, always extending behind tergal margin. Calluses delimited by a sulcus both dorsally and ventrally, especially deeply so dorsally, rather broad, with three evident lateral incisions on callus 2 (front indentation being smallest) and two strong indentations on following segments (front one being extremely strong, middle one smallest) (Fig. 22A, C, F & J-L). Posterior edge of paraterga always strongly concave, more strongly so on segments 16–19 (Fig. 22F & L). Pleurosternal carinae large, roughly granulate crests with a distinct tooth both frontally and caudally, complete on segments 2–7 (♂, ♀), thereafter split into both front and caudal teeth, the former increasingly strongly reduced until segment 15 (♂) or 16 (♀), the latter tooth gradually reduced until segment 17 (♂) or 18 (♀), much more strongly developed in ♂ than in ♀ (Fig. 22B, D & E). Epiproct (Fig. 22E, F & L) with pre-apical papillae place closer to tip.

Sterna delicately and sparsely setose. Only small paramedian knobs in front of gonopod aperture. Legs moderately long and slender, almost not incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.3 (♂) or 0.9–1.1 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications.

Gonopods (Figs 23 & 24) simple. Prefemoral part densely setose, less than 2 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite rather stout, slightly curved, nearly not enlarged distad, with a “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus. Solenophore tip bifid, with terminal tooth bearing a minute denticle at base.

This new species has been found rather close to the localities of Orthomorpha tuberculifera sp. n., but northeast of the Sankamphaeng Mountain Range, Khao Yai National Park (Map 2).

♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Surin Prov., Mueang Surin Distr., Khao Phanom Sawai National Park, ca 200 m, 14°15'45"N, 103°22'07"E, 26.04.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn.

1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUC), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM), 3 ♀ (CUMZ), same data, together with holotype. 2 ♂ (CUMZ), Prachinburi Prov., Prachantakham Distr., Takror Waterfall, ca 30 m, 14°10'53"N, 101°35'32"E, 18.09.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂ (ZMUC), 1 ♂ (ZMUM), 1 ♀(CUMZ), same Prov., Na Di Distr., Nong Tabaek Waterfall, ca 40 m, 14°07'53"N, 101°40'41"E, 18.09.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Ubon Ratchathani Prov., Khong Chiam Distr., Patam National Park, ca 210 m, 15°23'55"N, 105°30'27"E, 25.04.2009, leg. P. Pimvichai. 2 ♀ (ZMUC), 2 ♀ (ZMUM), 2 ♂, 6 ♀ (CUMZ), same Distr., Tadtong Waterfall, ca 170 m, 15°15'14"N, 105°28'41"E, 14.05.2011, leg. N. Likhitrakarn.

To emphasize this species being quite common in the eastern part of Thailand close to the border with Cambodia.

Differs in unequal terminal lobes of the solenophore, both of which show a minute tooth near their bases, coupled with pointed, subtriangular paraterga on the collum etc. (see also Key below).

Length 31–38 (♂) or 32–38 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.6–4.0 and 4.2–4.7 mm (♂), 3.2–3.8 and 4.8–5.3 mm (♀), respectively.

Coloration of live animals (Fig. 25A) blackish-brown, paraterga and epiproct contrasting creamy yellow, antennae dark brown, legs brownish; coloration of alcohol material after preservation (Fig. 25B-J) uniformly blackish-brown with contrasting light yellowish-brown paraterga and epiproct, tip of antennae pallid, venter and basal 3–4 podomeres brown to grey-brown.

Clypeolabral region densely setose, vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long, clavate (antennomere 6 broadest), extending behind body segment 2 (♂) (Fig. 25A & C) or collum (♀) dorsally. Head in width < collum < segments 3 and 4 < 2 < 5–16 (♂, ♀); thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of setae: 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior; paraterga subtriangular, lying in a slightly rugulose posterior 1/3 of collum, slightly declined ventrally and continuing collum convexity (Fig. 25B); caudal corner of paraterga pointed. Tegument smooth and shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metazona leathery, faintly rugulose, below paraterga microgranulate. Metaterga 2–18 with an anterior transverse row of 2+2, mostly abraded setae; caudal row barely traceable only as 3+3 or 4+4 insertion points better visible laterally as minute knobs or oblong wrinkles. Metatergum 19 with 3+3 anterior and 4+4 posterior setae, the latter also borne on minute knobs. Tergal setae simple, rather long, about 1/3 metatergal length. Axial line barely traceable only on some metaterga, never complete. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 25A-H), especially well so in ♂, all lying below dorsum (at about 1/3 body height), subhorizontal, in lateral view modestly enlarged on pore-bearing segments, thinner on poreless ones; shoulders always present, regularly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal tip of all paraterga pointed, beak-like, lying within rear tergal margin or almost so on segments 2–7, thereafter extending increasingly beyond it, best developed and slightly curved mesad on segments 17–19 (Fig. 25F). Calluses delimited by a sulcus both dorsally, and, albeit more poorly so, ventrally, in dorsal view narrower on poreless segments than on pore-bearing ones, with three small, but evident lateral incisions on callus 2, with two similar incisions on following poreless segments, with one, often setigerous incision in front of pore on pore-bearing segments. Posterior edge of paraterga evidently concave, especially strongly so on segments 16–19. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/4 in front of caudal corner. Transverse sulcus highly incomplete and visible only mid-dorsally on segment 2, complete on metaterga 5–18, narrow, rather deep, reaching bases of paraterga, finely beaded at bottom, better developed in ♀. Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow and rather shallow, evidently beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 25B, D, E & H). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2 and 3, onward as increasingly poorly developed, flat ridges with small caudal teeth until segment 12, thereafter only as an increasingly small, sharp, caudal tooth on segment 16. Epiproct (Fig. 25F-H) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, with two evident apical papillae directed ventrocaudally, subtruncate at tip; pre-apical papillae large, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 25G) subtriangular, caudal margin rounded, setiferous knobs at caudal edge very large and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow; with a paramedian pair of very small, flat, strongly separated, setose knobs between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 25I & J). A paramedian pair of small tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs moderately long and slender, slightly incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 1.1–1.3 (♂) or 0.8–0.9 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present only on legs 1–7.

Gonopods (Figs 26 & 27) simple. Coxa long and slender, with numerous strong setae distodorsally and distolaterally. Prefemur densely setose, nearly 3 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite slender, slightly curved and not enlarged distad, with a “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus. Solenophore with a bidentate tip, terminal denticle a little larger than subterminal one, both being supplied with an extremely small indentation near base; solenomere long and flagelliform.

This new species appears to be quite widespread in the eastern part of Thailand close to the border with Cambodia (Map 2).

♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Chanthaburi Prov., Khlung Distr., Troknong Waterfall, 12°54'29"N, 102°24'12"E, 01.10.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit & N. Likhitrakarn.

25 ♂, 30 ♀ (CUMZ), 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (ZMUC), 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (ZMUM), same data, together with holotype.

To emphasize this species being not quite typical to readily fit into any of the former species groups.

Superficially, this new species strongly resembles Orthomorpha communis sp. n., especially as regards the color pattern, the degree of development of some paraterga, and size. Yet the two species differ markedly in the development in Orthomorpha atypica sp. n. of distinct sternal cones between ♂ coxae 4, coupled with a peculiar denticle placed on top of the outer lobule of the solenophore, not between the two terminal lobules characteristic of other species (see also Key below).

Length 32–39.5 (♂) or 34.5–44 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 3.0–3.6 and 5.0–5.6 mm (♂), 3.6–4.0 and 5.5–6.4 mm (♀), respectively.

Coloration of live animals (Fig. 28A) blackish-brown with contrasting creamy light orange paraterga and epiproct, posterior halves of metaterga light yellow-brown to light brown, antennae blackish, legs dark brown; coloration of alcohol material after preservation (Fig. 25B-J) uniformly dark brown with contrasting pallid paraterga, epiproct and tip of antennae, legs brown to light grey-brown, posterior halves of metaterga light brown to brown.

Clypeolabral region densely setose, vertex barely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long (Fig. 28A), clavate (antennomere 6 broadest), extending behind body segment 3 dorsally (♂, ♀). Head in width < collum < segments 3–4 < 2 < 5–16 (♂, ♀); thereafter body gently, and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of setae: 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate and 3+3 posterior; posterior quarter evidently rugulose, mid-dorsal part with a superficial and shortened axial line; paraterga slightly declined ventrally, discontinuing dorsum’s convexity, subrectangular, nearly reaching caudal edge; caudal corner of paraterga very narrowly rounded (Fig. 28B). Tegument of metaterga shining, leathery, rugulose-tuberculate, especially well so on several anterior metaterga; prozona very finely shagreened, metazona below paraterga faintly rugulose, finely microgranulate only near coxae. Metaterga 2–5 with two rows of 2+2 anterior and 3(4)+3(4) setiferous cones, usually slightly smaller cones in anterior (pre-sulcus) row and more evident ones laterally in posterior row (Fig. 28B & C); thereafter same pattern, but traceable only as insertion points, tuberculation gradually growing obliterate to become nearly wanting on a few caudalmost metaterga. Metatergum 19 with 3+3 anterior and 4+4 posterior setae, the latter also borne on minute knobs or oblong wrinkles. Tergal setae very short, simple, about 1/5 metatergal length. Axial line barely traceable only on metaterga, slightly better visible in anterior halves than in posterior ones, always incomplete and sometimes missing. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 28B-H), especially well so in ♂, all lying below dorsum (at about 1/3 body height), mostly subhorizontal (sometimes slightly upturned only on segments 2 and 3 in ♂ or only on segment 2 in ♀), in lateral view modestly enlarged on pore-bearing segments, thinner on poreless ones; shoulders always present, rather regularly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner of all paraterga pointed, beak-like, extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin, slightly curved mesad on segments 18 and 19 (Fig. 28F). Calluses delimited by a sulcus both dorsally and, albeit considerably more poorly so, ventrally, segment 2 with three very faint incisions at lateral edge, two similarly faint incisions on following poreless segments, one much stronger incision in front of pore sinuosity on pore-bearing segments. Posterior edge of paraterga evidently concave, especially strongly so on segments 16–19. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/4 in front of caudal corner. Transverse sulcus evident (Fig. 28B-F & H), thin, deep and only slightly incomplete on metaterga 2–4, complete, at most very faintly beaded at bottom, reaching bases of paraterga on metaterga 5–18, barely visible, highly superficial and again incomplete on metatergum 19 in ♂; somewhat less strongly developed in ♀. Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow and rather shallow, evidently beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete high crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2–4(5), thereafter increasingly well divided into a front bulge and a caudal tooth, both increasingly strongly reduced in size, bulge until segment 14, tooth until segment 17 (♂), or carinae considerably lower, their caudal tooth strongly rounded and only barely traceable until segment 17 (♀). Epiproct (Fig. 28F-H) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, very faintly narrowed caudad, with two evident apical papillae directed caudally, subtruncate at tip; pre-apical papillae very small, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 28G) semi-circular, caudal margin rounded, setiferous knobs at caudal edge medium-sized and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow, especially so due to a superficial axial impression; a large, setose, transverse lobe bearing a paramedian pair of large, basally contiguous cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 28I & J). A paramedian pair of small, but evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs moderately long and slender, slightly incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.3 (♂) or 0.8–1.0 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present only on legs 1–5(6).

Gonopods (Figs 29, 30) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several strong setae distodorsally. Prefemur densely setose, less than half the length of femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite slender, slightly curved and nearly not enlarged distad, with a “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus. Solenophore with a bidentate tip, both prongs being subequal, but terminal lobule with an unusual minute denticle near base; solenomere long and flagelliform.

♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Chanthaburi Prov., Pong Nam Ron Distr., Hin Dard Waterfall, ca 260 m, 12°58'19"N, 102°14'21"E, 17.09.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit.

To emphasize the extremely broad paraterga.

Differs in the extremely broad paraterga, coupled with the pleurosternal carinae represented by complete high crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2–7 (♂) etc. (see also Key below).

Length 31 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona 3.1 and 5.0 mm, respectively.

Live coloration (Fig. 31A) black-brown with mainly grey-brownish caudal halves of metaterga and bases of paraterga, and contrasting creamy light orange paraterga and epiproct; antennae blackish, legs light brown; coloration of alcohol material after preservation (Fig. 31B-J) rather uniformly dark brown with lighter caudal halves of metaterga and bases of paraterga, and contrasting pallid paraterga, epiproct and tip of antennae, legs brown to light grey-yellow.

Clypeolabral region sparsely setose, vertex bare, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long (Fig. 31A & C), extending behind body segment 3 dorsally. Head in width < collum < segments 3–4 < 5 < 2 < 6–16; thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of setae, 3+3 anterior, 2+2 intermediate and 3+3 posterior; paraterga (Fig. 31B) only slightly declivous, broadly rounded, and narrowly bordered; caudal corner narrowly rounded, slightly declined ventrally, not extending behind tergal margin; posterior quarter of collum slightly rugulose. Tegument of metaterga shining, rugulose-tuberculate, especially on several front metaterga; prozona very finely shagreened, metazona below paraterga faintly rugulose. Metaterga 2–5 with two rows of 2+2 anterior and 3+3 setiferous cones, except segment 3 with 2+1 in anterior row; usually slightly smaller cones in anterior (pre-sulcus) row and more evident ones laterally in posterior row (Fig. 31B & C); thereafter same pattern, but traceable only as insertion points, tuberculation gradually growing obliterate to become nearly wanting from segment 11 on. Tergal setae short, simple, about 1/3 metatergal length. Axial line visible both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga extremely strongly developed (Fig. 31B-H), broad, all lying below dorsum (at about 1/3 body height), mostly subhorizontal, slightly upturned on segments 2–5 and 18–19, in lateral view modestly enlarged on pore-bearing segments, thinner on poreless ones (Fig. 31E); shoulders always present, mostly nearly straight and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner of most of paraterga very narrowly rounded, extending increasingly beyond tergal margin, slightly curved mesad on segments 16–19 (Fig. 31F). Calluses delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, segment 2 with three evident incisions at lateral edge, following segments with two lateral incisions, front one being particularly evident. Posterior edge of paraterga evidently concave, especially strongly so on segments 16–19. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 in front of caudal corner. Transverse sulcus evident (Fig. 31B-F & H), narrow, rather shallow and only slightly incomplete on metaterga 2 and 3, complete, smooth at bottom, reaching base of paraterga on metaterga 4–18. Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow and shallow, evidently beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete high crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2–7, thereafter increasingly well divided into a front bulge and a caudal tooth, both increasingly strongly reduced in size, bulge until segment 14, tooth until segment 17. Epiproct (Fig. 31F-H) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, very faintly narrowed caudad, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed caudally, both pointed at tip; pre-apical papillae very small, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 31G) subtrapeziform, caudal margin rounded, setiferous knobs at caudal edge medium-sized and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow; lobe between ♂ coxae 4 much like in Orthomorpha atypica sp. n., but cones more acute (Fig. 31I & J). A paramedian pair of small, but evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs moderately long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.3 as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present only on legs 1–5.

Gonopods (Figs 32, 33) much like in Orthomorpha atypica sp. n., but solenophore tip with more distinct apical lobules.

This new species shows the paraterga relatively perhaps among the broadest amongst congeners.

♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Nong Bua Lamphu Prov., Suwannakhuha Distr., near Suwannakhuha Cave, 18°0'09"N, 102°28'28"E, 17.10.2007, leg. S. Panha.

1 ♀ (CUMZ), same data, together with holotype.

To emphasize the suberect gonopod femorite.

Differs in a suberect gonofemorite, coupled with mostly flavous metaterga and widely separated sternal cones between ♂ coxae 4 (see also Key below).

Length ca 26 (♂) or 28 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.5 and 3.9 mm (♂), 3.0 and 4.3 mm (♀), respectively.

Coloration of alcohol material after long-term preservation castaneous brown with a pattern of contrasting whitish to light brown paraterga and epiproct, and mostly greyish-white to light brownish posterior halves of postcollum metaterga, with caudal edges and front 1/4 of metaterga, as well as surface below paraterga and entire rear halves of prozona brown to dark brown; head and antennomeres 6 and 7 brown to dark brown; venter and a few basal podomeres light brownish to brown, legs growing infuscate (brown) distally (Fig. 34A-L).

Clypeolabral region sparsely setose, vertex bare, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long, clavate (antennomere 6 broadest), extending behind body segment 2 (♂, ♀) dorsally. Head in width < collum < segments 2 < 3 < 4 < 5–17 (♂), or head < segment 3–4 < 2 < 5–17 (♀); thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of setae: 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate and 4+4 posterior; paraterga slightly declivous, broadly rounded and narrowly bordered, caudal corner a small knob not extending behind tergal margin (Fig. 34B). Tegument rather strongly shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metazona leathery, rugulose, below paraterga microgranulate and rugulose. Postcollum metaterga with an anterior transverse row of 2+2, mostly abraded setae; caudal row barely traceable as 3+3 insertion points, laterally as small knobs increasingly strongly reduced towards segment 19. Tergal setae simple, rather long, about 1/3 metatergal length, mostly abraded. Axial line visible both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 34A-G & J-L), especially well so in ♂, all lying below dorsum (at about 1/3 body height), subhorizontal, in lateral view modestly enlarged on pore-bearing segments, thinner on poreless ones; shoulders broadly rounded, and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal tip of all paraterga pointed, beak-like, lying within rear tergal margin, thereafter extending increasingly beyond it, best developed and slightly curved mesad on segments 18 and 19 (Fig. 34F & G). Calluses delimited by a sulcus both dorsally and ventrally on segments 5–18. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge convex, lateral edge with four small acute denticles (Fig. 34A). Following poreless segments with two similar incisions, with one, often setigerous incision lying in front of pore on pore-bearing segments. Posterior edge of paraterga slightly concave, especially strongly so on segments 18 and 19. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/4 in front of caudal corner. Transverse sulcus visible on metaterga 5–18, narrow, not reaching bases of paraterga, ribbed at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow and rather shallow, faintly beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 34B-F & K). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2–7 (♂) or 2–6 (♀), thereafter increasingly well divided into a front bulge and a caudal tooth, both increasingly strongly reduced in size until segment 17 (♂, ♀). Epiproct (Fig. 34E-G & L) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, with two evident apical papillae directed ventrocaudally, acute at tip; pre-apical papillae small denticles lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 34G) subtriangular, caudal margin rounded, setiferous knobs at caudal edge evident and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow; a paramedian pair of evident, small, fully separated, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 34I & J). A paramedian pair of small, but evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs moderately long and slender, slightly incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 0.9–1.0 (♂) or 0.8–0.9 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes absent.

Gonopods (Figs 35 & 36) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several strong setae distodorsally. Prefemur densely setose, about half the length of femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite suberect, slender, nearly not enlarged distad, with a “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus. Solenophore with lamina lateralis evidently smaller than lamina medialis, tip distinctly bilobed, terminal lobule being vaguely bifid; solenomere long and flagelliform.

This species has long been acknowledged as being quite disjunct due to the gonopod showing a parabasally twisted femorite, while the tip is rather deeply bifid, somewhat intermediate between that of typical Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 and Orthomorpha (see Brölemann 1904). However, both (Jeekel (1963, 1964, 1968) and Golovatch (1998) included it in Orthomorpha. We still are inclined to treat Orthomorpha paviei as a distinct species of Orthomorpha, showing the gonopod tip supplied with a remarkable spine strongly resembling that in Orthomorphoides species (see below).

♂ (NHMW-3507), Indonesia, East Java Prov., Lumajang Regency, shore of Ranu (= lake) Bedali, 10.10.1928, leg. A. F. Thienemann & H. J. Feuerborn.

3 ♂, 3 ♀ (NHMW-8004), Vietnam, Khanh Hoa Prov., Cua Bé (4–6 km from Nha Trang), no date, det. C. Attems. 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMW-8005), same Prov., Nha Trang, no date, det. Attems. 4 ♂, 4 ♀ (NHMW-8007), Vietnam, Tinh Soc Trang (? or Bà Ria-Vũng Tàu), Poulo Condore Island, no date, leg. C. Dawydoff, det. C. Attems. 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMW-8006), Cambodia, Kampot Prov., Bokor Mt in Damrei Mountains (= Elephant Mountains), near Bok Kor Village, no date, leg. C. Dawydoff, det. C. Attems. 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMW-8008), Indonesia, West Java Prov., Tjisaroea, leg. W. S. S. van Benthem-Jutting, det. C. Attems. 7 ♂, 8 ♀, 2 juv. (NHMW-8009), Indonesia, East Java Prov., Bondowoso, Ijen Caldera, no date, det. C. Attems.

Length 17–30 mm (♂), 19–29 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 1.4–2.2 and 2.0–3.1 mm (♂), 1.6–2.7 and 2.0–3.4 mm (♀), respectively (vs 3.3 mm in holotype, up to 4.0 mm in width, as given in the available descriptions (Attems 1930a, 1937)). Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation rather uniformly light brown to brown (Fig. 37) (vs dark castaneous brown, as given in the original description (Attems 1930a)) with contrasting light yellow paraterga and epiproct.

Head usual, clypeolabral region densely setose, surface of vertex smooth (vs a pair of strong setae, as given in the descriptions (Attems 1930a, 1937)), epicranial suture distinct. Antennae rather long and slender (Fig. 37A, B & J), extending behind until body segment 3 (♂) or reaching segment 3 (♀) dorsally. Head in width < collum < segments 3 and 4 < segment 2 < segments 5–16, gently and gradually tapering thereafter. Collum with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior setae; caudal corner of paraterga subrectangular, narrowly rounded (Fig. 37A, B & J). Tegument smooth and shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metaterga finely rugulose, surface below paraterga finely microgranulate. Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of setae traceable as insertion points: 2+2 in anterior (pre-sulcus) row, 3+3 in posterior (postsulcus) one. Axial line barely visible, starting from collum. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 37A-G, J-L), especially so in ♂, mostly slightly upturned, lying below dorsum, thin in lateral view, like blunt blades, a little thicker only on pore-bearing segments, on postcollum segments extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin, from segment 14 pointed, on segments 16–19 tips strongly curved mesad. Calluses on paraterga 2 delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, on following paraterga both dorsally and ventrally, rather broad, especially so on pore-bearing segments. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge rounded, lateral edge with one larger and two smaller, but evident incisions in anterior half; posterior edge evidently concave (Fig. 37A, B & J). Paraterga 3 and 4 subequal, like subsequent paraterga, anterior edge broadly rounded, bordered and fused to callus, lateral edge with two small incisions in anterior half. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 of metazonital length. Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 5–17, incomplete on metaterga 4 and 18, shallow, not reaching bases of paraterga, ribbed at bottom, slightly sinuate anteromedially (Fig. 37A, C, F & J-L). Stricture between pro- and metazona rather narrow, shallow, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segments 2–4 (♂, ♀) (Fig. 37B, D & E), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly strongly reduced until segment 17 (♂) or 16 (♀). Epiproct (Fig. 37E, F, G & L) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, apical papillae small; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, but visible, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 37G) subtrapeziform, setiferous knobs at a slightly convex caudal margin rather large and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications, but with two small, low, rounded, fully separated, setose knobs between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 37H & I). A paramedian pair of conspicuous, high tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, only slightly incrassate in ♂, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.4 (♂) or 0.9–1.1 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until ♂ legs 7.

Gonopods (Fig. 38) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several setae distodorsally. Prefemur enlarged, densely setose, less than 2 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite very slender, evidently curved, “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; tip of solenophore small, trifid, with two subequal denticles (one terminal, the other middle) and a broader subterminal lobule.

This species was originally described in two varieties, each based on a single male: Orthomorpha hydrobiologica var. hydrobiologica, from the shores of Lake Bedali, eastern Java, and Orthomorpha hydrobiologica var. unicolor, from Sarangan, central Java, Indonesia (Attems 1930a). The holotype of Orthomorpha hydrobiologica var. hydrobiologica has been redescribed above, also including some more non-type samples identified as such by Attems himself. As regards Orthomorpha hydrobiologica var. unicolor, it proves to be a distinct species, likewise redescribed from the holotype just below.

♂ (NHMW-3508), Indonesia, central Java, Sarangan, 09.12.1928, leg. A. F. Thienemann & H. J. Feuerborn.

Length ca 29 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.2 and 3.3 mm, respectively. Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation rather uniformly brown (Fig. 39) (vs very dark brown, as given in the original description (Attems 1930a)).

All other characters as in Orthomorpha hydrobiologica, except as follows.

Collum with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 2+2 posterior setae; caudal corner of paraterga subrectangular, narrowly rounded (Fig. 39A & B). Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of setae traceable as insertion points: 2+2 in anterior (pre-sulcus) row, 4+4 in posterior (postsulcus) one, the latter borne on small tubercles. Paraterga strongly developed (Fig. 39A-G), mostly subhorizontal and lying below dorsum, on postcollum segments extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin, always pointed, on segments 16–19 tips strongly curved mesad. Calluses on all paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, rather broad, especially so on pore-bearing segments. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge rounded, lateral edge with only one small incision near midway (Fig. 39A). Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 5–18, shallow, not reaching bases of paraterga, ribbed at bottom, slightly sinuate anteromedially (Fig. 39A, C & F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segments 2–4 (Fig. 39B), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly strongly reduced until segment 10.

Sterna sparsely setose, with neither modifications nor knobs between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 39H & I). Gonopod aperture damaged during removal of gonopods. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.3–1.4 times as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until ♂ legs 10.

Gonopods (Fig. 40) with prefemur enlarged, about 2 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part.

This variety was elevated to a full species by (Jeekel (1963, 1964, 1968), also treated as such by Hoffman (1973) and Golovatch (1998).

♂ of Pratinus granosus (NHMW-3516), Vietnam, Lamdong Prov., Peak Lang Biang, 1938–1939, leg. C. Dawydoff.

Lectotype designation proposed herewith is necessary to ensure the species is based on a complete male coming from a certain locality, because (1) Attems (1953) had provided no information on the number of syntypes, and (2) he stated their provenance to have been both from Xieng Kunang, Luang Prabang Province, Laos and Peak Lang Biang, Lamdong Province, Vietnam.

Length 41 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona 3.1 and 4.4 mm, respectively (vs 38 mm in length and 4.6 mm in width, as given in the original description (Attems 1953)). Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation rather uniformly light brown (Fig. 41) (vs black-brown with rather contrasting light brown to yellow-brown prozona, paraterga and venter, as well as red-brown legs, as given in the original description (Attems 1953)).

Head usual, clypeolabral region sparsely setose, surface of vertex smooth, epicranial suture very distinct. Antennae rather long and slender (Fig. 41A, B & J), extending behind body segment 3 dorsally. Head in width < collum < segments 3 and 4 < segment 2 < segments 5–17, gently and gradually tapering thereafter. Collum with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 2+2 posterior setae, all borne on small knobs; caudal corner of paraterga subrectangular, nearly pointed (Fig. 41A & B). Tegument dull; metaterga coriaceous, rugulose, each postcollum one with two rows of evident tubercles, caudal row being more evident: 2+2 and 3+3 on metatergum 2, 3+2 and 4+3 on metatergum 3, 2–3+2–4 until metatergum 17, 1+2 and 2+3 on metaterga 18 and 19; prozona very finely shagreened, surface below paraterga microgranulate. Tergal setae abraded. Axial line visible, starting from metatergum 2. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 41A-G), mostly slightly upturned and lying above dorsum, lying below dorsum only on segments 2 and 3, thin in lateral view, like blunt blades, a little thicker only on pore-bearing segments, on postcollum segments extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin, all pointed. Calluses on paraterga 2 delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, on following paraterga both dorsally and ventrally, rather broad, especially so on pore-bearing segments. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge rounded, lateral edge with two small incisions in anterior half; posterior edge evidently concave (Fig. 41A & B). Paraterga 3 and 4 subequal, like subsequent paraterga, anterior edge broadly rounded, bordered and fused to callus, lateral edge with one small incision in anterior half. Ozopores evident, lateral, not sunken inside a groove, lying at about 1/3 of metazonital length. Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 4–18, incomplete on metatergum 3, shallow, reaching bases of paraterga, smooth at bottom, slightly sinuate anteromedially (Fig. 41A, B, C, D & F). Stricture between pro- and metazona rather narrow, shallow, slightly ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segments 2–4 (Fig. 41B, D & E), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly strongly reduced until segment 11. Epiproct (Fig. 41E-G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, apical papillae small; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, but visible, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 41G) subtrapeziform, setiferous knobs at a subtruncate caudal margin small and well-separated.

Sterna densely setose, without modifications, but with two large, rounded, fully separated, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 41H & I). A paramedian pair of conspicuous, high tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.3–1.4 as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until ♂ legs 5.

Gonopods (Fig. 42) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several setae distodorsally. Prefemur densely setose, about 2 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite very slender, evidently curved, slightly enlarged distad, “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; tip of solenophore small, trifid, with two subequal denticles (one terminal, the other middle) and a broader subterminal lobule.

This species was renamed to avoid homonymy (Jeekel 1964).

♂ of Pratinus rotundicollis (NHMW-3515), Vietnam, Lamdong Prov., Lang Biang, Arbre-Broyé, 1500 m, 01.02.1931, leg. C. Dawydoff.

1 ♂ of Pratinus rotundicollis (NHMW-3515), Vietnam, Lamdong Prov., Dalat, 1500 m, 02.1933, leg. C. Dawydoff.

1 ♀ of Pratinus rotundicollis (NHMW-8000), Laos, Xiangkhoang Prov., Xiangkhoang Plateau, Xiang Kuang, no date, leg. C. Dawydoff, det. Attems.

2 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. of Pratinus tuberculatus (NHMW-3519), Vietnam, Lamdong Prov., Peak Lang Biang, Arbre-Broyé, 1500 m, 01.02.1931, leg. C. Dawydoff.

Lectotype designation proposed herewith is necessary to ensure the species is based on a complete male coming from a certain locality, because (1) (Attems (1937, 1938) had provided no information on the number of syntypes, and (2) he stated their provenance to have been both from Arbre-Broyé and Dalat, Vietnam.

Length 29–31 mm (♂), ca 31–35 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.5–3.0 and 3.7–4.1 mm (♂), 3.4 and 4.5 mm (♀), respectively (vs 2.5 and 4.0 mm in width, as given in the available descriptions (Attems 1937, 1938)). Lectotype ca 31 mm long, 2.9 and 4.1 mm wide on midbody pro- and metazona, respectively. Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation rather uniformly light grey-brown (Figs 43 & 45) (vs with a cingulate pattern of castaneous brown head and collum, as well as regions of pro- and metazona adjacent to stricture alternating with light brownish remaining parts, including antennae and legs, as given in the descriptions (Attems 1937, 1938)).

Head usual, clypeolabral region densely setose, surface of vertex smooth, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae rather long and slender (Figs 43J, 45B & J), extending behind body segment 4 (♂) or 3 (♀) dorsally. Head in width < collum < segments 3 and 4 < segment 2 < segments 5–17 (♂, ♀), gently and gradually tapering thereafter. Collum smooth, with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior setae; caudal corner of paraterga subrectangular, narrowly rounded (Figs 43A, B, J, 45A, B & J). Tegument smooth and shining; metaterga very faintly rugulose, each postcollum one with one caudal row of 3(4)+3(4) very small tubercles growing a little larger laterally, as well as with 2+2 either minute or fully obliterated knobs with insertion points of abraded setae in front row; prozona very finely shagreened, surface below paraterga finely microgranulate. Axial line visible, starting from collum. Paraterga very strongly developed (Figs 43A-G, J-L, 45A-G & J-L), all subhorizontal and lying below dorsum, thin in lateral view, like blunt blades, a little thicker only on pore-bearing segments, on postcollum segments extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin, nearly pointed to pointed, caudal tip on paraterga 16–19 evidently curved mesad. Calluses on delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, rather narrow. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge angulate, lateral edge with three small incisions in anterior half; posterior edge evidently concave (Figs 43A, B, J, 45A, B & J). Paraterga 3 and 4 subequal, like subsequent paraterga, anterior edge broadly rounded, bordered and fused to callus, lateral edge with two small incisions in anterior half on poreless segments, with only one incision near front 1/3 on pore-bearing ones. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying inside an ovoid groove at about 1/4 metazonital length. Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 5–18, incomplete on metatergum 4, shallow, not reaching bases of paraterga, beaded at bottom, slightly sinuate anteromedially (Figs 43A- D, F, J-L, 45A-F & J-L). Stricture between pro- and metazona rather narrow, deep, ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segments 2–4 (Figs 43B, D, E, J-K, 45A-F & J-L), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly strongly reduced until segment 10 (♂, ♀). Epiproct (Figs 43E-G, 45E-G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, apical papillae small; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, but visible, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Figs 43G, 45G) roundly subtriangular, setiferous knobs at caudal margin small and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications, but with two rather large, rounded, fully separated, but nearly contiguous, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Figs 43H, I, 45H & I). A paramedian pair of small tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.3 (♂) or 0.8–0.9 (♀) as long as midbody height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until ♂ legs 4.

Gonopods (Figs 44 & 46) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several setae distodorsally. Prefemur densely setose, nearly 3 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite very slender, evidently curved, very slightly enlarged distad, “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; tip of solenophore small, trifid, with two subequal denticles (one terminal, the other middle) and a broader subterminal lobule.

This species is known from Lamdong Province, southern Vietnam and Luang Prabang Province, Laos (Attems 1938, 1953). The type locality of both Orthomorpha rotundicollis and Orthomorpha tuberculata being exactly the same (Arbre-Broyé at Peak Lang Biang), and the differences between them so minor, rather to be treated as infraspecific variations, we are inclined to formally synonymize these species. Indeed, distinctions are observed only in Orthomorpha rotundicollis showing a slightly more rounded caudal corner of the paraterga on the collum (vs slightly more angular in Orthomorpha tuberculata), in the front row of metatergal setae (= insertion points) borne on virtually fully obliterated knobs (vs on minute knobs in Orthomorpha tuberculata), and in the apical papillae on the epiproct directed more caudally than ventrally (vs more ventrally than caudally in Orthomorpha tuberculata) (Attems 1937, 1938, 1953). We can also add another two differences: paraterga 18 and 19 seem to be a little shorter in Orthomorpha rotundicollis than in Orthomorpha tuberculata, and the caudal row of tubercles on a few caudalmost metaterga demonstrating a pattern of 3+4 or 4+3 in Orthomorpha tuberculata (vs invariably 3+3 in Orthomorpha rotundicollis).

The above is a combined redescription, based on material of both nominate species.

♂ (NHMW-3501), Cambodia, Kampot Prov., Ream, Sre-Umbell, 1938–39, leg. C. Dawydoff.

1 ♀ (NHMW-3501), same locality, together with lectotype.

Lectotype designation proposed herewith is necessary to ensure the species is based on a complete male.

Length ca 31 mm (♂), 32 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.2 and 3.4 mm (♂), 3.1 and 4.3 mm (♀), respectively (vs 3.2–4.0 mm in width, as given in the original description (Attems 1953)). Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation rather uniformly brown (Fig. 47) (vs dark castaneous with venter, legs and paraterga yellow-brown, and antennae light brown, as given in the original description (Attems 1953)).

Head usual, clypeolabral region densely setose, surface of vertex smooth, with 1+1 setae flanking a distinct epicranial suture. Antennae rather long and slender (Fig. 47B & J), extending behind segment 3 (♂, ♀) dorsally. Head in width < collum < segments 3 and 4 < segment 2 < segments 5–16 (♂, ♀), gently and gradually tapering thereafter. Collum smooth, with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior setae; caudal corner of paraterga acutangular (ca 70°), nearly pointed (Fig. 47A & J). Tegument smooth and shining; metaterga very faintly rugulose, each postcollum one with two rows of mostly abraded, medium-sized setae: 3+3 in front row and 3+3 or, on segments 12–19, 4+4 in caudal row; prozona very finely shagreened, surface below paraterga finely microgranulate. Axial line faint, but visible, starting from collum. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 47A-G & J-L), set high (at ca 1/4 metazonital height), mostly slightly upturned, all lying below dorsum, thin in lateral view, like blunt blades, a little thicker only on pore-bearing segments, on postcollum segments extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin, nearly pointed to pointed, caudal tip on paraterga 16–19 evidently curved mesad. Calluses on paraterga 2 delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, following paraterga by a sulcus both dorsally and ventrally, rather broad. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge angulate, lateral edge with three small incisions in anterior half; posterior edge evidently concave (Fig. 47A, B & J). Paraterga 3 and 4 subequal, like subsequent paraterga, anterior edge broadly rounded, bordered and fused to callus, lateral edge with two small incisions. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying inside an ovoid groove at about 1/4 metazonital length. Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 5–18, incomplete on metatergum 4, shallow, not reaching bases of paraterga, beaded at bottom, slightly sinuate anteromedially (Fig. 47A, C, F & J-L). Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow, deep, ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segments 2–4 (Fig. 47B, D & E), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly strongly reduced until segment 14 (♂) or 11 (♀). Epiproct (Fig. 47E-G & L) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, apical papillae small, dentiform, directed caudoventrally; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 47G) roundly subtrapeziform, setiferous knobs at caudal margin large and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications, but with two large, rounded, fully separated, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 47H & I). A paramedian pair of small tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.3 (♂) or 0.8–0.9 (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until ♂ legs 5.

Gonopods (Fig. 48) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several setae distodorsally. Prefemur densely setose, nearly 3 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite very slender, slightly curved, very slightly enlarged distad, “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; tip of solenophore small, trifid, with two denticles (terminal tooth larger, middle one smaller) and a small subterminal lobule.

♂ (NHMW-3518), Indonesia, eastern Java, Tengger Mountains, no date, leg. H. Fruhsdorfer.

1 ♂, 6 ♀ (NHMW-7998); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMW-7999); 8 ♂, 15 ♀ (NHMW-8003), Indonesia, Java, Tjibodas, 1897, leg. H. A. Möller, det. Attems. 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMW-8002), Indonesia, Java, no date, leg. T. H. Adensamer, det. C. Attems.

Lectotype designation proposed herewith is necessary to ensure the species is based on a complete male, because the type series was stated to have been shared between the collections of the Berlin and Vienna museums (Attems 1898).

Length 24–28 mm (♂), 29–33 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.6–2.8 and 3.4–4.1 mm (♂), 3.3–3.7 and 4.5–5.1 mm (♀), respectively (vs 40 mm in length and 4.0 mm in width, as given in the available descriptions (Attems 1898, 1937)). Lectotype ca 26 mm long, 1.7 and 3.4 mm wide on midbody pro- and metazona, respectively. Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation mostly grey-brown (Fig. 49) with contrasting yellowish paraterga and epiproct, and light brown venter and legs (vs dark castaneous brown with paraterga and epiproct yellow, and venter and legs light red-brown, as given in the descriptions (Attems 1898, 1937)).

Head usual, clypeolabral region sparsely setose, surface of vertex smooth and bare, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae rather long and slender (Fig. 49B & J), extending behind almost to end of segment 3 (♂) or reaching segment 3 (♀) dorsally. Head in width < collum < segment 3 < 2 < 4 < 5–16 (♂), or head < collum < segments 3 and 4 < 2 < 5–16 (♀), gently and gradually tapering thereafter. Collum smooth, with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior setae; caudal corner of paraterga subrectangular, narrowly rounded (Fig. 49A, B & J). Tegument smooth and shining; metaterga very faintly rugulose, each postcollum one with two rows of fully abraded setae traceable only as insertion points: 2+2 in front row and 3+3 or, on several caudal segments, 4+4, in caudal row, these borne on indistinct, truncate, very low tubercles; prozona very finely shagreened, surface below paraterga finely microgranulate. Axial line faint, but visible, starting from collum. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 49A-G & J-L), set high (at ca 1/4 metazonital height), subhorizontal to slightly upturned, lying below dorsum on segments 2–6 and 19, above dorsum on segments 7–18, rather thick in lateral view, a little thicker on pore-bearing segments, on postcollum segments extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin starting only from segment 5 or 6 (♂) or midbody segments (♀), narrowly rounded to pointed, caudal tip on paraterga 16–19 evidently curved mesad. Calluses on paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, broad. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge broadly rounded, lateral edge with three minute incisions in anterior half; posterior edge evidently concave (Fig. 49A, B & J). Paraterga 3 and 4 subequal, like subsequent paraterga, anterior edge broadly rounded, bordered and fused to callus, lateral edge with two minute incisions. Ozopores not too evident, ventrolateral, not lying inside a groove, placed at about 1/3 metazonital length. Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 5–18, incomplete on metatergum 4, shallow, not reaching bases of paraterga, beaded at bottom, slightly sinuate anteromedially (Fig. 49A, C, F & J-L). Stricture between pro- and metazona rather wide, shallow, ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segments 2–7(8) (♂) or 2–4 (♀) (Fig. 49B, D & E), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly strongly reduced until segment 16 (♂) or 15 (♀). Epiproct (Fig. 49E-G & L) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, apical papillae small, dentiform, directed caudoventrally; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 49G) subtrapeziform, setiferous knobs at caudal margin small and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications, but with two small, rounded, fully separated, but subcontiguous, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 49H & I). A paramedian pair of evident tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.2–1.4 (♂) or 0.8–1.0 (♀) as long as midbody height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until ♂ legs 7.

Gonopods (Fig. 50) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several setae distodorsally. Prefemur rather large, densely setose, nearly 2 times shorter than femorite + ”postfemoral” part. Femorite very slender, evidently curved, nearly not enlarged distad, “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; tip of solenophore small, trifid, with two subequal denticles (terminal and subterminal) and a minute prong in-between.

♂ (NHMW-3506), Vietnam, Hon Ba Island, Nhatrang, 06.1930, leg. C. Dawydoff.

1 ♀ (NHMW-3506), same locality, together with lectotype. 1 ♀ (NHMW-3505), Vietnam, Darlac, frontier du Cambodge, 07.1930, leg. C. Dawydoff.

Lectotype designation proposed herewith is necessary to ensure the species is based on a complete male.

Length ca 38 mm (lectotype), 31–34 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 3.4 and 5.0 mm (lectotype), 2.9–3.4 and 4.2–4.4 mm (♀), respectively (vs 3.0 and 5.0 in width, as given in the available descriptions (Attems 1937, 1938)). Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation dark grey-brown (Fig. 51) with contrasting pallid paraterga and epiproct, and light brown venter and legs (vs dark castaneous brown with paraterga and epiproct yellow, and venter and legs light red-brown, as given in the descriptions (Attems 1937, 1938)).

Head usual, clypeolabral region densely setose, surface of vertex smooth, with a few setae flanking a distinct epicranial suture. Antennae long and slender (Fig. 51A, B & J), extending behind segment 4 (♂) or surpassing segment 3 (♀) dorsally. Head in width < collum < segment 2 < 3 = 4 < 5–16 (♂), or head < collum < segments 3 and 4 < 2 < 5–16 (♀), gently and gradually tapering thereafter. Collum smooth, with three transverse rows of setae traceable only as insertion points, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior setae; caudal corner of paraterga acutangular (ca 75°), nearly pointed (Fig. 51A, B & J). Tegument poorly shining; metaterga coriaceous, rugulose, each postcollum one with two rows of fully abraded setae borne on minute tubercles growing increasingly strongly reduced towards epiproct: 2+2 in front row and 3+3 in caudal one; prozona very finely shagreened, surface below paraterga finely microgranulate. Axial line rather evident, starting from collum. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 51A-G & J-L), set high (at ca 1/4 metazonital height), in ♂ evidently upturned, lying above dorsum on postcollum segments, in ♀ mostly below dorsum, rather thin in lateral view, a little thicker on pore-bearing segments, on postcollum segments extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin, better so in ♂, nearly pointed to pointed, caudal tip on paraterga 16–19 evidently curved mesad. Calluses on paraterga 2 delimited by a sulcus only dorsally, on following paraterga both dorsally and ventrally, rather broad. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge angulate, lateral edge with two minute incisions in anterior 1/3; posterior edge evidently concave (Fig. 51A, B & J). Paraterga 3 and 4 subequal, like subsequent paraterga, anterior edge broadly rounded, bordered and fused to callus, lateral edge with one minute incision in front 1/3. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying inside an ovoid groove, placed at about 1/3 metazonital length. Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 4–18, incomplete on metaterga 2 and 3 (♂), or incomplete on metatergum 4 and complete on metaterga 5–18 (♀), shallow, not reaching bases of paraterga, ribbed at bottom, slightly sinuate anteromedially (Fig. 51A, C, F & J-L). Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow, shallow, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae complete crests only on segments 2–4 (♂, ♀) (Fig. 51B, D & E), each with an evident sharp denticle caudally, thereafter increasingly strongly reduced until segment 10 (♂, ♀). Epiproct (Fig. 51E-G & L) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, apical papillae small, dentiform, directed caudoventrally; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 51G) roundly subtrapeziform, setiferous knobs at caudal margin small and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications, but with a large, central, setose cone between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 51H & I). A paramedian pair of tubercles in front of gonopod aperture absent. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.3–1.4 (♂) or 1.2–1.3 (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, tarsal brushes present until ♂ legs 5.

Gonopods (Fig. 52) simple. Coxa long and slender, with several setae distodorsally. Prefemur rather large, densely setose, more than 2 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite very slender, evidently curved, not enlarged distad, “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; tip of solenophore small, trifid, with two subequal denticles (terminal and middle) and a larger subterminal lobule.

2 ♂, 1 ♀ (MHNG), Indonesia, Java, no date, leg. L. Zehntner.

Length 19–22 (♂) or 24 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 1.4–1.5 and 2.1–2.4 mm (♂), 2.0 and 2.6 mm (♀), respectively (vs 2.8 mm in width, as given in the original description (Carl 1902)). Coloration of alcohol material after long-term preservation dark castaneous brown with contrastingly light red-brown to pallid paraterga, venter, and basal podomeres; antenomere 7 blackish, tip of antennae pallid (Fig. 53).

Clypeolabral region densely setose, vertex sparsely so, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae moderately long, clavate (antennomere 6 broadest), extending behind body segment 3 (♂) or 2 (♀) dorsally (Fig. 53A & B). Head in width < collum < segment 2 < 3 and 4 < 5–16; thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum semi-lunar, with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate and 3+3 posterior; caudal corner of paraterga pointed, slightly declined ventrally and continuing collum’s convexity (Fig. 53B); paraterga subrectangular, slightly surpassing rear tergal margin (Fig. 53A & J). Tegument smooth and shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metaterga leathery, faintly rugulose, below paraterga microgranular, faintly rugulose. Metaterga 2–19 with an anterior transverse row of 2+2, mostly abraded setae; caudal row barely traceable as 3+3 insertion points. Tergal setae simple, rather long, about 1/3 metatergal length. Axial line faint, starting from collum. Paraterga very well developed (Fig. 53A-G & J-L), especially well so in ♂, all lying below dorsum (at about 1/4 midbody height), subhorizontal, in lateral view modestly enlarged on pore-bearing segments, thinner on poreless ones; shoulders always present, mostly regularly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner of all paraterga pointed, beak-like, extending increasingly beyond rear tergal margin, best developed and slightly curved mesad on segments 15–19. Calluses delimited by a sulcus both dorsally and ventrally, with three small, but evident lateral denticles on callus 2, with one or two similar, often setigerous incisions in front of following poreless segments, and with one incision on pore-bearing ones. Posterior edge of paraterga evidently concave, especially strongly so on segments 16–19. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/4 in front of caudal corner. Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 5–17, incomplete on segments 4 and 18, narrow, shallow, reaching bases of paraterga, finely beaded at bottom, better developed in ♂ (Fig. 53A, C, F & J-L). Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow and rather shallow, evidently beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 53A-G & J-L). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2 and 3, thereafter like increasingly poorly developed, flat ridges with small caudal teeth until segment 8, further on caudally only like an increasingly small, sharp, caudal tooth until segment 16 (♂, ♀) (Fig. 53B, D & E). Epiproct (Fig. 53E-G & L) conical, inflated dorsoventrally, with two evident apical papillae directed ventrocaudally, subtruncate at tip; pre-apical papillae evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 53G) subtrapeziform, slightly rounded at caudal margin, setiferous knobs at caudal edge large and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow; with a paramedian pair of very evident, anteroventrally directed lobe deeply, but incompletely split into two between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 53H & I). A paramedian pair of small tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.3–1.5 (♂) or 0.9–1.1 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present until legs of segment 16.

Gonopods (Fig. 54) simple. Coxa long and slender, with numerous strong setae distodorsally. Prefemur densely setose, almost 3 times shorter than femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite slender, slightly curved and rather evidently enlarged distally, with a “postfemoral” part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus; solenophore with lamina lateralis much smaller than lamina medialis, the former slightly helicoid, forming a tridentate and mesally curved tip; both terminal and subterminal denticles/spikes subequal, acute and narrow, middle denticle nearly as long or shorter; solenomere long and flagelliform.

The above redescription is meant to augment the fairly complete one by Jeekel (1980b) which was also based on syntypes.

♂ (MHNG), Malaysia, environs of Kuala Lumpur, Batu Caves, 24.02.1975, leg. P. Strinati.

Length 39 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.9 and 4.4 mm, respectively. Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation dark castaneous brown with contrasting yellowish paraterga; venter, legs yellownish and tip of epiproct light red-brown, antennae also light red-brown, but antenomere 6 slightly infuscate, brownish, antenomere 7 dark brown, and tip of antennae pallid (Fig. 55).

Clypeolabral region densely setose, vertex sparsely so, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae rather short, clavate (antennomere 6 broadest), extending behind body segment 2 dorsally. Head in width < collum < segment 2 < 3 < 4 < 5–16; thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of setae, 4+4 anterior, 2+2 intermediate, and 3+3 posterior; caudal corner of paraterga nearly pointed, slightly declined ventrally and continuing collum’s convexity (Fig. 55A & B); paraterga acutangular (ca 50°), slightly extending behind tergal margin, posterior edge slightly concave (Fig. 55A & B). Tegument smooth and poorly shining, prozona very finely shagreened, metazona leathery, rugulose, below paraterga microgranular. Metaterga 2–19 with two transverse rows of setae: 2+2 in anterior (pre-sulcus) row and 3+3 in posterior (postsulcus) one, all mostly abraded, but still traceable as insertion points. Tergal setae simple, moderately long, about 1/4 metatergal length. Axial line traceable. Paraterga very well developed (Fig. 55A-G), all lying below dorsum (at about 1/4 body height), slightly upturned to subhorizontal, in lateral view moderately strongly enlarged on pore-bearing segments, thinner on poreless ones; shoulders always present, broadly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; anterior edge of paraterga 2 straight, following paraterga rounded, caudal corner of all paraterga rounded, extending invariably and increasingly beyond rear tergal margin. Calluses delimited by a sulcus both dorsally and ventrally, rather broad. Posterior edge of paraterga evidently concave, especially strongly so on segments 16–19. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/4 in front of caudal corner. Transverse sulcus complete on metaterga 5–18, incomplete on segments 4 and 19, very narrow, shallow, not reaching bases of paraterga, very finely ribbed at bottom (Fig. 55A, C & F). Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow and shallow, faintly beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 55A-F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2–4, a low and interrupted swelling supplied with a small tooth caudally on segments 5–7, retained only as small denticles on segments 8–14, thereafter missing (Fig. 55B, D & E). Epiproct (Fig. 55E-G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, with two small apical papillae directed ventrocaudally, subtruncate at tip; pre-apical papillae small, lying close to tip. Hypoproct (Fig. 55G) nearly semi-circular, caudal tip very broadly rounded, setiferous knobs at caudal edge very small and well-separated.

Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow; a pair of strongly separated, anteroventrally directed, narrowly rounded, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 55H & I). A paramedian pair of small tubercles in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.3–1.5 times as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present until on legs of segment 17.

Gonopods (Fig. 56) a little more complex. Coxa long and slender, with several strong setae distodorsally. Prefemur densely setose, about half the length of femorite + “postfemoral” part. Femorite slender, slightly curved and nearly not enlarged distad, with a small, but conspicuous ventral knob near base of lamina lateralis, with a “postfemoral” part demarcated by a distinct, oblique, lateral sulcus; solenophore with a tridentate tip, middle denticle shorter than terminal tooth, but longer than a small subterminal lobule; solenomere long, flagelliform, a short tip exposed.

The original description is fairly complete, also illustrated in due detail (Hoffman 1973). The above redescription, also based on the holotype, is only meant to bring it to our standard and to present additional illustrations.

♂(NHML), Singapore, Mile 8, Old Upper Thomson Road, 30.12.1962, leg. Kok Oi Yee.

1 ♂, 5 ♀ (CUMZ), Singapore, Central Region, Nature Reserve, Bukit Timah, 1°35'18"N, 104°18'0"E, 25.12.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit.

Length 34–35 (♂) or 3.3–3.6 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.5–2.6 and 3.9–4.4 mm (♂), 3.4–3.6, and 4.8–4.9 mm (♀), respectively.

Coloration of live animals (Fig. 58A) uniformly blackish brown with only slightly lighter paraterga, venter and legs; coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation faded to a light brown (holotype) with contrasting pallid paraterga, venter, legs and antennae (Fig. 57); coloration of rather freshly alcohol-preserved material blackish brown with likewise strongly faded paraterga, venter and legs (Fig. 58B-H).

The original description of this species was so complete and detailed (Hoffman 1973) that no redescription seems to be necessary. Instead, we only provide new illustrations (Figs 59–61) showing the coloration, structural details, and gonopod conformation of Orthomorpha murphyi, based both on the holotype and new samples.

♂(NHMW-3509), Indonesia, Sumatra, Lampung Prov., Way Kambas, forest road, ca 10 m, 26.12.1993, leg. R. Melisch.

The original description of this species was so complete and detailed (Golovatch 1997b) that no redescription seems to be necessary. Instead, we only provide new illustrations (Figs 62 & 63) showing the coloration, structural details and gonopod conformation of Orthomorpha melischi, based on the holotype.

♂(ZMUC), Thailand, Krabi Prov., road between Krabi and Phuket, 10 km north of Krabi, 8°09'N, 98°50'E, lowland tropical rainforest, < 200 m, 13.10.1991, leg. M. Andersen, O. Martin & N. Scharff.

1 ♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Phuket Prov., Mueang Distr., Kathu Waterfall, ca 10 m, 7°55'56"N, 98°19'23"E, forest, 25.12.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn.2 ♂ (CUMZ), same Distr., Panwa Cape, 8°20'11"N, 98°41'36"E, 05.11.2007, leg. C. Sutcharit.

Length 31–35 (♂), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.2–3.0 and 4.0–4.6 mm (♂), respectively (vs 34–37 mm in length, 2.2–3.4 and 4.0–4.7 mm in width on midbody pro- and metazona, respectively, both in ♂ and ♀, as given in the original description (Golovatch 1998)).

Coloration of live animals (Fig. 65A) dark brown with contrasting orange paraterga and orange-brown hind parts of metaterga; coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation faded to basically light brown (holotype) to dark castaneous brown with contrasting pallid to light greyish paraterga, most of mid-dorsal parts of metaterga and prozona, as well as epiproct (Figs 64 & 65B-H).

The original description of this species was so complete and detailed (Golovatch 1998) that no redescription seems to be necessary. Instead, we only provide new illustrations (Figs 64–68) showing the coloration, structural details and gonopod conformation of Orthomorpha pterygota, based both on the holotype and new samples.

This species occurs, so far as known, only on Phuket Island and in the adjacent Krabi Province, southern Thailand.

♂(ZMUC), Thailand, Trang Prov., Hat Chao Mai National Park, 7°19'N, 99°27'E, gallery tropical forest near coast, < 20 m, 26.10.1991, leg. M. Andersen, O. Martin & N. Scharff.

1 ♂ (CUMZ), Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov., Nopphitam Distr., Krungshing Waterfall, 9°12'43"N, 100°07'29"E, 27.10.2009, leg. R. Chanabun.1 ♀ (CUMZ), Phang Nga Prov., Mueang Phang Nga Distr., near Phung Chang Cave, 8°26'34"N, 98°30'59"E, 10.12.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit. 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (ZMUC), 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (ZMUM), 6 ♂, 4 ♀, 4 juv. (CUMZ), Krabi Prov., Khlong Thom Distr., Samorakot, 7°55'22"N, 99°15'35"E, 15.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit, N. Likhitrakarn & R. Chanabun. 1 ♀, 1 juv. (CUMZ), same Prov., Mueang Krabi Distr., Bantupprik School, ca 40 m, 8°10'50"N, 98°52'49"E, 16.01.2009, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Trang Prov., Mueang Trang Distr., 03.08.2010, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 2 ♂, 4 ♀, 1 juv. (CUMZ), same Prov., Na Yong Distr., Khao Chao Priest Residence, 7°33'57"N, 99°46'27"E, 14.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit, N. Likhitrakarn & R. Chanabun. 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Phatthalung Prov., Srinagarindra Distr., Sumano Cave, 7°59'08"N, 100°27'26"E, 15.10.2006, leg. C. Sutcharit. 3 ♂, 4 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Khao Chaison Distr., Tham Nam Yen Hot Spring, ca 20 m, 7°27'02"N, 100°07'52"E, 01.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit, N. Likhitrakarn & R. Chanabun. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Satun Prov., Mueang Satun Distr., Tarutao National Park, Ao Talo Wow, 7°02'30"N, 100°08'20"E, 8.04.2008, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), same Distr., Tarutao National Park, Ao Chak Wow, 6°42'36"N, 99°38'29"E, 0.04.2008, leg. P. Pimvichai.

Length 27–36 (♂) or 30–38 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.1–3.5 and 3.6–4.5 mm (♂), 2.7–3.5 and 4.0–5.1 mm (♀), respectively.

Coloration of live animals (Fig. 70A) brown to dark castaneous with light yellow-brown paraterga and most of central parts of metaterga and prozona; coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation faded to brown (holotype) with contrasting pallid to light yellow paraterga, middle parts of metaterga and prozona, and venter (Figs 69 & 70B-H).

The original description of this species was so complete and detailed (Golovatch 1998) that no redescription seems to be necessary. Instead, we only provide new illustrations (Figs 69–73) showing the coloration, structural details and gonopod conformation of Orthomorpha horologiformis, based both on the holotype and new samples.

This species appears to be quite widespread in the southern parts of Thailand (Map 3).

♂ (ZMUC), Thailand, Phuket Prov., Mueang Phuket Distr., Ton Sai Waterfall, 8°01'N, 98°25'E, forest, < 200 m, 12.10.1991, leg. M. Andersen, O. Martin & N. Scharff.

2 ♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Thailand, Chumphon Prov., Lang Suan Distr., Khao Kriab Temple, ca 100 m, 9°49'03"N, 99°02'17"E, 05.06.2009, leg. R. Chanabun & N. Likhitrakarn. 4 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (CUMZ), Ranong Prov., Mueang Ranong Distr., Ngao Waterfall, 9°85'03"N, 98°62'78"E, 24.09.2006, leg. R. Chanabun. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Surat Thani Prov., Tha Chana Distr., Tam Yai Temple, ca 10 m, 9°32'52"N, 99°10'49"E, 13.12.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUC), 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM), 19 ♂, 8 ♀, (CUMZ), same Distr., Khiri Rom Temple, ca 10 m, 9°01'42"N, 98°59'05"E, 12.12.2009, leg. P. Pimvichai & N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Phanom Distr., Khao Phanom National Park, 26.10.2007, leg. C. Sutcharit. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), same Distr., at Padang Cave, 26.09.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit. 1 ♂(CUMZ), Phang Nga Prov., Thap Put Distr., Tham Kop, ca 70 m, 8°31'55 ˝ N, 98°34'37"E, 16.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), same Distr., Tao Tong Waterfall, ca 20 m, 8°29'01 ˝ N, 98°35'05"E, 16.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit.

Length 33–42 (♂) or 33–51 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.6–3.6 and 4.0–6.0 mm (♂), 2.9–4.5 and 4.7–6.7 mm (♀), respectively.

Coloration of live animals (Fig. 75A) blackish-brown with contrasting yellow paraterga and epiproct, most of metaterga being light grey-brown; coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation blackish-brown to faded dark castaneous brown with contrasting yellow to pallid paraterga, epiproct and hind halves of metaterga (Figs 74, 75B-H & K-M); pattern mostly light creamy-yellowish, including paraterga’s dorsal and ventral parts, with contrasting dark brown to blackish cingulations of prozona and of anterior parts of metaterga. Collum either completely light or also bearing a dark, oblong, transverse, more or less large spot in front 1/3.

Calluses of several midbody and/or posterior metaterga (16–19) can be less strongly convex laterally (Fig. 75L & M).

Tip of solenophore narrowly rounded to sharply dentiform, rather depending on aspect (Figs 76–78).

The original description of this species was complete and detailed enough (Golovatch 1998) to require no complete redescription. Instead, we provide new illustrations (Figs 74–78) that show the coloration, structural details and gonopod conformation of Orthomorpha subkarschi, based both on the holotype and new samples. Orthomorpha subkarschi appears to be quite widespread in southern Thailand (Map 3).

♂(ZMUC), Thailand, Yala Prov., Ban Lang National Park, 6°04'N, 101°11'E, lowland tropical rainforest, < 400 m, 20.10.1991, leg. M. Andersen, O. Martin & N. Scharff.

Coloration of alcohol material upon long-term preservation probably faded to dark castanceous brown with contrasting pallid paraterga, middle part of prozona, epiproct, venter and pleurosternal carinae (Fig. 79).

The original description of this species was so complete and detailed (Golovatch 1998) that no redescription seems to be necessary. Instead, we only provide new illustrations (Figs 79 & 80) showing the coloration, structural details and gonopod conformation of Orthomorpha banglangensis, based on the holotype.

♂(ZMUC), Thailand, Satun Prov., Thale Ban National Park, 6°42'N, 100°10'E, lowland tropical, < 400 m, 20.10.1991, leg. M. Andersen, O. Martin & N. Scharff.

1 ♀ (CUMZ), Thailand, Satun Prov., Khuan Don Distr., Thale Ban National Park, ca 110 m, 6°42'41"N, 100°14'53"E, 17.05.2010, leg. N. Likhitrakarn.1 ♂ (ZMUC), 1 ♂ (ZMUM), 2 ♂ (CUMZ), same locality, 04.08.2010, leg. P. Poolprasert. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), same Distr., at Nara Cave, ca 40 m, 6°47'30"N, 100°05'09"E, forest, 13.01.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn.

Length 36–42 (♂) or 39–46 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.8–3.6 and 4.9–5.6 mm (♂), 3.6–4.1 and 5.3–6.0 mm (♀), respectively.

Coloration of live animals (Fig. 82A) nearly same as in specimens kept in alcohol for a long time, except for paraterga being slightly more infuscate in live individuals, in all cases dark castaneous brown with contrasting light yellow-brown to pallid paraterga, tip of epiproct, venter and pleurosternal carinae; rear 1/2–1/4 of metaterga and mid-dorsal regions of prozona slightly infuscate, yellow-brown to nearly pallid (Figs 81 & 82).

The original description of this species was so complete and detailed (Golovatch 1998) that no redescription seems to be necessary. Instead, we only provide new illustrations (Figs 81–85) showing the coloration, structural details and gonopod conformation of Orthomorpha thalebanica, based both on the holotype and new samples. This species appears to be rather widespread in southern Thailand (Map 3).

♂(ZMUC), Thailand, Krabi Prov., road between Krabi and Phuket, 10 km north of Krabi, 8°09'N, 98°50'E, lowland tropical rainforest, < 200 m, 13.10.1991, leg. M. Andersen, O. Martin & N. Scharff.

2 ♂, 2 ♀ (ZMUC), 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (ZMUM), 15 ♂, 16 ♀ (CUMZ), Thailand, Surat Thani Prov., Kanchanadit Distr., Tham Khao Phanomwang, 9°09'24"N, 100°0'25"E, 10.10.2008, leg. S. Panha, N. Likhitrakarn & R. Chanabun. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Surat Thani Prov., Ko Samui Distr., Na Mueang Waterfall, 27.01.2006, leg. C. Sutcharit. 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (CUMZ), same locality, 06.06.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), same Distr., Hinlard Waterfall, 27.10.2006, leg. C. Sutcharit. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Krabi Prov., Ao Luek Distr., Tham Sra Yuan Thong, 8°36'31"N, 99°14'58"E, 09.10.2006, leg. C. Sutcharit. 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Mueang Krabi Distr., Tham Suae Temple, 8°10'69"N, 98°92'22"E, 07.10.2006, leg. C. Sutcharit. 2 ♂, 4 ♀, 3 juv. (CUMZ), same locality, 15.01.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (CUMZ), same Distr., Forest Reseach Station, 8°08'28"N, 98°51'11"E, 16.01.2009, leg. R. Chanabun. 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Khlong Thom Distr., Samorakot, 7°55'22 ˝ N, 99°15'35"E, 15.01.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂, 1 ♀(CUMZ), Trang Prov., Na Yong Distr., Khao Chang Botanical Garden, ca 50 m, 7°32'45"N, 99°46'27"E, 14.01.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 2 ♂ (CUMZ), same Distr., Tham Khao Chang Hai, ca 40 m, 7°35'25"N, 99°40'07"E, 13.01.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (CUMZ), same Distr., Chao Priests Residence, ca 60 m, 7°33'57"N, 99°46'27"E, 28.01.2006, leg. C. Sutcharit. 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (CUMZ), same locality, 14.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit & N. Likhitrakarn. 4 ♂ (CUMZ), Phatthalung Prov., Khuan Khaum Distr., Tham Wang Thong Temple, ca 10 m, 7°40'53"N, 100°0'56"E, 11.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit & N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂, 2 juv. (CUMZ), same Prov., Mueang Phatthalung Distr., Tham Malai Thep Nimit Priest Residence, ca 20 m, 7°38'08"N, 100°05'04"E, 11.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit & N. Likhitrakarn. 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (CUMZ), same Distr., Tham Kuhasawan, ca 20 m, 7°37'12"N, 100°04'51"E, 12.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit & N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Satun Prov., Khuan Don Distr., Thale Ban National Park, ca 60 m, 6°42'41"N, 100°10'09"E, 13.10.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit & N. Likhitrakarn. 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (CUMZ), Songkhla Prov., Rattaphum Distr., Tham Sri Kesorn, ca 50 m, 7°04'38"N, 100°09'56"E, 12.01.2009, leg. N. Likhitrakarn. 1 ♀ (CUMZ), same Prov., Hat Yai Distr., Tonngachang Waterfall, ca 110 m, 6°56'54"N, 100°14'08"E, 12.01.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit & N. Likhitrakarn. 2 ♂, (CUMZ), Malaysia, Perlis, Wang Kelian, 7°08'07"N, 100°19'24"E, 26.03.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), Penang, Balik Pulau, 5°38'13"N, 100°21'38"E, 25.03.2009, leg. C. Sutcharit. 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ), Kelantan, Bukit Landak, 5°26'N, 102°27'E, 11.12.2007, leg. C. Sutcharit.

Length 35–49 (♂) or 35–52 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 3.1–4.1 and 5.0–6.5 mm (♂), 3.4–4.8 and 5.0–7.1 mm (♀), respectively.

Coloration of live animals (Fig. 87A) dark castaneous brown with contrasting light yellowish paraterga and tip of epiproct; coloration upon long-term preservation in alcohol sometimes slightly faded, ranging from light brown or medium red-brown with more or less contrasting pallid to yellowish-brown paratergal calluses and epiproct, up to blackish-brown with contrasting light brown to grey-yellow calluses and epiproct (Fig. 87A-F & I-N); front halves of prozona (especially dorsally), caudal edges of metaterga and legs, sometimes also venter, flavous, light yellow-brown to brownish (Figs 86 & 87).

Collum with caudal corner of paraterga ranging from obtusangular (described as being about 100˚ in holotype, Fig. 86A & B), via subrectangular (Fig. 87C), to evidently acutangular. Calluses of paraterga mostly broad and extending behind tergal margin, increasingly well so on segements 7(8)-19, but sometimes slightly narrower and not surpassing it, forming instead a subrectangular turn mesally (Figs 86A-G, 87A-F & I-N). Caudal corner of paraterga remaining from acute and pointed thoughout (♂ from Tham Khao Phanomwang Temple, Fig. 87N) to mostly narrowly rounded (♂ from Tham Sri Kesorn, Fig. 87I), with all intergradations in-between (Figs 86A, C & F, 87A, B, D, E & J-M).

Metatergal sulcus visible on segments 5–18, more rarely incomplete also on segment 19 (holotype). Pleurosternal carinae expressed as complete high crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segment 2, thereafter increasingly well divided into a front bulge and a caudal tooth, the latter sharp or rounded, on segments 2–7; both front bulge and caudal tooth increasingly strongly reduced either until segment 10 (11), with a small sharp tooth until segment 16 (17) (♂), or expressed as complete high crests with a sharp caudal tooth on segments 2–4, thereafter increasingly well divided into a front bulge and a caudal tooth, sharp or rounded, on segments 5–10, a small sharp tooth until segment 16 (17) (♀). Midbody legs ca 1.1–1.3 (♂) or 0.9–1.2 times (♀) as long as body height.

Base of lamina lateralis with a small, but conspicuous ventral knob (like in Orthomorpha fluminoris). Tip of gonopod with terminal lobule longest, bearing microdenticulations or a more or less evident fringe at external edge (Fig. 89C & D). Middle spiniform prong sometimes slightly smaller than usual (Fig. 90).

This species appears to be widespread in southern Thailand (Map 4).