Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zi-Wei Yin ( pselaphinae@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Jan Klimaszewski
© 2018 Yu-Qing Zhang, Li-Zhen Li, Zi-Wei Yin.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Zhang Y-Q, Li L-Z, Yin Z-W (2018) Six new species and a new record of Linan Hlaváč in China, with a key to species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae). ZooKeys 793: 115-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.793.27661
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Six new species of the genus Linan Hlaváč are described from central to southern China: L. arcitibialis sp. n. (Hubei), L. denticulatus sp. n. (Guizhou), L. divaricatus sp. n. (Jiangxi), L. geneolatus sp. n. (Guizhou), L. mangshanus sp. n. (Hunan), and L. mulunensis sp. n. (Guangxi), with illustrations of habitus and major diagnostic characters. Linan megalobus Yin & Li, originally described from Guizhou, is newly recorded in Hubei. An updated key to and a distributional map of all 16 known species are provided.
China, distribution, identification key, Linan , new record, new species, Tyrini
The pselaphine genus Linan Hlaváč belongs to the tribe Tyrini that is comprised of ten species predominantly distributed in China (with one species extending southwards to northern Thailand; Figure
All material treated in this study is housed in the Insect Collection of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China (SNUC).
The label data of the material are quoted verbatim, additional information is included in parentheses. Dissected parts were preserved in Euparal on plastic slides that were placed on the same pin with the specimen. The habitus image was taken using a Canon 5D Mark III camera in conjunction with a Canon MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1–5× Macro Lens, and a Canon MT-24EX Macro Twin Lite Flash was used as light source. Images of the morphological details were produced using a Canon G9 camera mounted to an Olympus CX31 microscope under transmitted light. Zerene Stacker (version 1.04) was used for image stacking. The base map was produced from http://www.simplemappr.net/ (
The following acronyms are used in the text: BL–length of the body (= HL + PL + EL + AL); HL–length of the head from the anterior clypeal margin to the occipital constriction; HW–width of the head across eyes; PL–length of the pronotum along the midline; PW–maximum width of the pronotum; EL–length of the elytra along the suture; EW–maximum width of the elytra; AL–length of the dorsally visible part of abdomen along the midline; AW–maximum width of the abdomen. Paired structures are treated as singular, except for eyes, metaventral processes, and parameres which are treated as plural.
(36 ♂♂, 40 ♀♀). Holotype: CHINA: ♂: ‘China: Hubei, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xingdoushan N. R. (星斗山自然保护区), San-xian-chang (三县场), 30°2'20.48"N, 109°8'33.89"E, 1114 m, 20.v.2017, sift, Zhou GC, Tian T, & Huang ZG leg.’ (SNUC). Paratype: CHINA: 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, same label data as holotype; 15 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, same label data, except ‘19.v.2017’; 11 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, same label data, except ‘30°2'46.03"N, 109°7'49.39"E, 1205 m, 18.v.2017’; 1 ♂, same label data, except ‘30°2'29.98"N, 109°8'1.60"E, 1253 m, 18.v.2017’; 1 ♂, ‘China: Hubei, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Changtanhe (长潭河), Lianghekou Village (两河口村), 30°0'6.00"N, 109°44'27.36"E, 1234 m, 14.v.2017, sift, Zhou GC, Tian T, & Huang ZG leg.’; 1 ♂, ‘China: Hubei, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xianfeng Hsien (咸丰县), Huangjindong Country (黄金洞乡), Maliuxi Village (麻柳溪村), 29°57'34.15"N, 109°1'15.82"E, 752 m, 24.viii.2017, sift, Zhou GC & Irfan M leg.’; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, ‘China: Chongqing City, Pengshui Hsien(彭水县), Moweishan Scenic Spot (摩围山风景区), 29°11'11.15"N, 108°2'59.32"E, 1234 m, 1568 m, 25.vii.2017, sift, Zhou GC & Irfan M leg.’ (all in SNUC).
Length 2.71–2.77 mm; antennomere IX expanded laterally, with small process near apex; long metaventral processes narrowing toward apex; protibia with distinct apical spine; mesotibia strongly arched; metatrochanter with short, blunt ventral projection.
Male (Figure
Diagnostic features of male Linan arcitibialis sp. n. A Antennal club B Pronotum C Metaventral process, in lateral view D Protrochanter and profemur E Apex of protibia F Mesotrochanter and mesofemur G Mesotibia H Metatrochanter and metafemur I Sternite IX J–L Aedeagus, in dorsal view (J), lateral (K), and ventral (L) view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A, B, D, F, G, H); 0.2 mm (C, J, K, L); 0.05 mm (E); 0.1 mm (I).
Female. Similar to male in general morphology; eyes each composed of about 24 facets; antennae and legs simple; lacking metaventral processes. Measurements: BL 2.47–2.69 mm, HL 0.57–0.60 mm, HW 0.50–0.51 mm, PL 0.53–0.55 mm, PW 0.52–0.55 mm, EL 0.48–0.59 mm, EW 0.92–0.99 mm, AL 0.89–0.95 mm, AW 0.95–0.99 mm.
China: Hubei (Figure
The new specific epithet refers to the strongly arched mesotibiae.
The new species is placed as a member of the L. cardialis-group based on the modified male antennomere IX. Linan arcitibialis is the only member of the group that exhibits a simple antennomere X. Combined with the unique form of antennomere IX and strongly arched mesotibia, males of this species can be readily separated from all other congeners at a quick glance.
(1 ♂, 1 ♀). Holotype: CHINA: ♂: ‘China: N. Guizhou, Daozhen County (道真县), Dashahe N. R. (大沙河自然保护区), 29°10'12"N, 107°33'36"E, mixed leaf litter, sifted, 1730 m, 07.VII.2015, Jiang, Peng, Tu, & Zhou leg.’(SNUC). Paratype: CHINA: 1 ♀, same label data as the holotype, (SNUC).
Length 2.61mm; antennomeres IX–XI enlarged, lacking obvious modification; short metaventral processes narrowing toward apex, area above metacoxae projecting; protibia with distinct apical spine; metatrochanter with blunt, apically curved ventral projection.
Male (Figure
Diagnostic features of male Linan denticulatus sp. n. A Antennal club B Pronotum C Metaventral process, lateral view D Protrochanter and profemur E Apex of protibia F Mesotrochanter and mesofemur G Metatrochanter and metafemur H Sternite IX I–K Aedeagus, in dorsal view (I), lateral (J), and ventral (K) view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A, B, D, F, G); 0.2 mm (C, I, J, K); 0.05 mm (E); 0.1 mm (H).
Female. Similar to male in general morphology; eyes each composed of about 18 facets; antennae and legs simple; lacking metaventral processes. Measurements: HL 0.57 mm, HW 0.51 mm, PL 0.52 mm, PW 0.51 mm, EL 0.58 mm, EW 0.94 mm, AL 0.93 mm, AW 1.00 mm.
China: Guizhou (Figure
The specific epithet refers to the large apical spine of the protibia.
Linan denticulatus is placed as a member of the L. chinensis-group based on the unmodified male antennomeres IX–X, and externally resembles L. hujiayaoi Yin & Li from Guangxi. These two species share a similar form of the antennal club, short metaventral processes, and the blunt, apically curved ventral projection of the metatrochanter. They can be best separated by the much more distinct apical projection of the protibia, and median lobe of the aedeagus with a strongly narrowed apical part and much broader parameres in the new species.
(7 ♂♂). Holotype: CHINA: ♂: ‘China: W. Jiangxi Province, Luxi County (芦溪县), Wugong Shan (武功山), 27°27'53"N, 114°10'47"E, mixed forest, leaf litter, wood sifted & beating, ca. 1570 m, 27.x.2013, Peng, Shen & Yan leg.’(SNUC). Paratype: CHINA: 3 ♂♂, same label data as holotype; 1 ♂, Jiangxi, Pingxiang City, Wugong Shan National Park, 27°27'55"N, 114°09'58"E, cableway station to Baoshui Waterfall, broad leaf, sifted, 1000–1350 m, 20.vii.2013, Song, Yin, Yu leg.’; 2 ♂♂, ‘China: W. Jiangxi Province, Luxi County, Yangshimu(羊狮幕), 27°33'38"N, 114°14'35"E, mixed forest, leaf litter, wood sifted & beating, ca. 1580m, 25.x.2013, Peng, Shen & Yan leg.’ (all in SNUC).
Length 2.74–2.82 mm; antennomeres IX–X strongly modified, antennomere IX angulate at anterolateral corner, obliquely connecting with strongly transverse antennomere X; broad metaventral processes bifurcate at apex; protibia with small apical spine; mesotrochanter with tiny ventral spine.
Male (Figure
Diagnostic features of male Linan divaricatus sp. n. A Antennal club B Pronotum C Metaventral process, lateral view D Protrochanter and profemur E Apex of protibia F Mesotrochanter and mesofemur G Metatrochanter and metafemur H Sternite IX I–K Aedeagus, in dorsal view (I), lateral (J), and ventral (K) view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A, B, D, F, G); 0.1 mm (C, H); 0.05 mm (E); 0.2 mm (I, J, K).
Female. Unknown.
China: Jiangxi (Figure
The new specific epithet refers to the long and bifurcate metaventral processes.
The new species belongs to the L. cardialis-group based on the strongly modified male antennomere IX. Linan divaricatus is most similar to L. huapingensis and L. geneolatus sp. n. (described below) in sharing both the angulate anterolateral corner of male antennomere IX, and median lobe of aedeagus strongly constricted at middle of the apex. From both latter species the new species differs by the relatively much broader antennomere IX, much broader metaventral processes bifurcate at the apex, and simple metatrochanter. In L. geneolatus sp. n., the male antennomere X is also strongly excavate at basal half.
(1 ♂). Holotype: CHINA: ♂: ‘China: N. Guizhou, Daozhen County, Dashahe N. R., 29°10'12"N, 107°33'36"E, mixed leaf litter, sifted, 1730 m, 07.VII.2015, Jiang, Peng, Tu, & Zhou leg.’ (SNUC).
Length 3.06 mm; postgenae broadly expanded laterally; antennomeres IX–X strongly modified, IX strongly projecting at anterolateral corner, X broadly concave at basal half; metaventral processes short; metatrochanter with short, blunt ventral projection.
Male (Figure
Diagnostic features of male Linan geneolatus sp. n. A Antennal club B Pronotum C Metaventral process, lateral view D Protrochanter and profemur E Mesotrochanter and mesofemur F Metatrochanter and metafemur G Sternite IX H–J Aedeagus, in dorsal view (H), lateral (I), ventral (J) view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A, B, D, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, H, I, J); 0.1 mm (G).
Female. Unknown.
China: Guizhou (Figure
The new specific epithet refers to the strongly expanded postocular margins.
The new species is placed as a member of the L. cardialis-group based on the strongly modified antennomere IX in the male, and is most similar to L. huapingensis in the shape of antennomere IX and spinose metatrochanter in the male. These two species can be separated by antennomere X being strongly excavate at the basal half, and the short metaventral processes in males of the new species, while in L. huapingensis the antennomere X lacks an excavation, and the metaventral processes are much longer and thinner. Otherwise, Linan geneolatus is the only member of the genus that exhibits broadened postgenae, which makes it readily separable from all other congeners.
(2 ♂♂). Holotype: CHINA: ♂: ‘China: Hunan, Chenzhou, Yizhang Hsien (宜章县), Mangshan N. R. (莽山自然保护区), 24°56'26"N, 112°59'18"E, mixed forest, leaf litter, wood sifted & beating, 1400 m, 26.iv.2015, Peng, Tu, Zhou leg.’ (SNUC). Paratype: CHINA: 1 ♂, same label data as the holotype, (SNUC).
Length 3.25–3.35 mm; antennomere IX–X strongly modified, IX strongly expanded and bent at lateral margin, with distinct process at anteromesal corner; broad metaventral processes expanded at apex in lateral view; metacoxa with roundly triangular ventral projection.
Male (Figure
Diagnostic features of male Linan mangshanus sp. n. A Antennal club B Pronotum C Metaventral process, lateral view D Protrochanter and profemur E Mesotrochanter and mesofemur F Metatrochanter and metafemur G Sternite IX H–J. Aedeagus, in dorsal view (H), lateral (I), ventral (J) view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A, B, D, E, F); 0.2 mm (C, H, I, J); 0.1 mm (G).
Female. Unknown.
China: Hunan (Figure
The new species is named after the type locality, i.e., Mangshan Nature Reserve.
The new species is placed as a member of the L. cardialis-group based on the modified male antennomere IX, and most similar to L. hainanicus Hlaváč in shape of male antennomere IX. They can be readily separated by the much broader metaventral processes, lack of a large apical projection of the protibia, complete symmetric aedeagal median lobe, and different structures of the endophallus of the new species. The broad metaventral processes, projecting metacoxae, and high symmetry of the aedeagal median lobe are shared by L. uenoi Yin & Nomura from Guangxi. They differ mainly by the modified antennomeres VII–VIII of L. uenoi, a quite distinct feature for a member of Linan.
(2 ♂♂). Holotype: CHINA: ♂: ‘China: Guangxi, Hechi City, Mulun N. R. (木论自然保护区), 25°12'14"N, 108°5'46"E, mixed leaf litter, sifted, 460 m, 27.VII.2015, Chen, He, & Hu leg.’ (SNUC). Paratype: China: 1 ♂, same label data as holotype, (SNUC).
Length 2.75–2.77 mm; antennomeres IX–XI elongate, lacking modification; long metaventral processes narrowed apically; protibia with acute apical spine; metacoxa with large, apically narrowing and blunt ventral projection.
Male (Figure
Diagnostic features of male Linan mulunensis sp. n. A Antennal club B Pronotum C Metaventral process, lateral view D Protrochanter and profemur E Apical spur of protibia F Mesotrochanter and mesofemur G Metatrochanter and metafemur H Sternite IX I–K Aedeagus, in dorsal view (I), lateral (J), ventral (K) view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A, B, D, F, G); 0.2 mm (C, I, J, K); 0.05 mm (E); 0.1 mm (H).
Female. Unknown.
China: Guangxi Province (Figure
The new species is named after the type locality, i.e., Mulun Nature Reserve.
The new species is placed as a member of the L. chinensis-group based on the simple male antennomeres IX–X. The form and proportions of antennomeres IX–XI are similar to L. chinensis (Löbl) and L. inornatus Yin & Li. However, both known species lack a projection on the ventral margin of metacoxa in the males, where there is a large, apically narrowed projection for the new species.
Linan
megalobus
Yin & Li, 2011 in
1 ♂, 1 ♀, ‘China: Hubei, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xingdoushan N. R., San-xian-chang, 30°2'20.48"N, 109°8'33.89"E, 1114 m, 20.v.2017, sift, Zhou GC, Tian T, & Huang ZG leg.’ (SNUC).
China: Guizhou, Hubei (new provincial record) (Figure
Linan megalobus was originally described from Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve (宽阔水自然保护区) in Guizhou, and placed as a member of the L. cardialis-group (
Diagnostic features of male Linan megalobus. A Dorsal habitus B Antennal club C Pronotum D Metaventral process, lateral view E Protrochanter and profemur F Protibia G Apical spur of protibia H Mesotrochanter and mesofemur I Metatrochanter and metafemur J Sternite IX K–M Aedeagus, in dorsal view (K), lateral (L), ventral (M) view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B, C, E, F, H, I); 0.2 mm (D, K, L, M); 0.05 mm (G); 0.1 mm (J).
Distribution of Linan species. A L. arcitibialis (1), L. cardialis (2), L. chinensis (3), L. divaricatus (4), L. fortunatus (5), L. geneolatus (6), L. hainanicus (7), L. huapingensis (8) B L. denticulatus (1), L. hujiayaoi (2), L. inornatus (3), L. mangshanus (4), L. megalobus (5), L. mulunensis (6), L. tendothorax (7), L. uenoi (8).
1 | Antennae with antennomeres IX or X strongly modified | 2 (L. cardialis-group) |
– | Antennae with antennomeres IX–X simple, not modified | 12 (L. chinensis-group) |
2 | Antennomere IX angularly expanded laterally at basal third, with small rounded process near apex (Fig. |
L. arcitibialis sp. n. |
– | Antennomere IX strongly broadened apically, never expanded at basal third, often angularly projecting at apex; mesotibiae only slightly arched | 3 |
3 | Median lobe of aedeagus strongly and abruptly constricted at middle of apex | 4 |
– | Median lobe of aedeagus laterally bent, or emarginate at middle of apex | 6 |
4 | Antennomere X broadly concave at basal half (Fig. |
L. geneolatus sp. n. |
– | Antennomere X lacking excavation; postgenae roundly constricted posteriorly | 5 |
5 | Antennomere VIII slightly transverse (Fig. |
L. divaricatus sp. n. |
– | Antennomere VIII about as long as wide, IX much longer than wide ( |
L. huapingensis Yin & Li |
6 | Median lobe of aedeagus nearly symmetric, broadly emarginate at middle of apex | 7 |
– | Median lobe of aedeagus asymmetric, usually narrowing and bent to right (morphological position) at apex, never emarginate at middle | 8 |
7 | Antennomeres VII–VIII strongly modified, IX about 1.45 times as long as wide, slightly angulate at anterolateral corner ( |
L. uenoi Yin & Nomura |
– | Antennomeres VII–VIII simple, IX about 1.20 times as long as wide, with long acute projection at anterolateral corner (Fig. |
L. mangshanus sp. n. |
8 | Pronotal lateral margins roundly expanded basolaterally ( |
L. tendothorax Yin & Li |
– | Pronotal lateral margins evenly rounded laterally, not expanded basolaterally | 9 |
9 | Pronotal and elytral basolateral margins densely setose ( |
L. fortunatus Yin & Li |
– | Pronotal and elytral basolateral margins lacking dense setae | 10 |
10 | Antennomere IX strongly bent at lateral margin ( |
L. hainanicus Hlaváč |
– | Antennomere IX straight or slightly broadened at lateral margin | 11 |
11 | Pro- and mesotrochanter with distinct, pointed ventral spine ( |
L. cardialis Hlaváč |
– | Pro- and mesotrochanter simple; protibia with elongate, rounded protuberance at apex ( |
L. megalobus Yin & Li |
12 | Antennomere IX slightly to moderately transverse | 13 |
– | Antennomere IX slightly to distinctly elongate | 14 |
13 | Antennomere VIII about as long as wide (Fig. |
L. denticulatus sp. n. |
– | Antennomere VIII moderately transverse ( |
L. hujiayaoi Yin & Li |
14 | Metaventrite with short, distinct protuberances above metacoxae (Fig. |
L. mulunensis sp. n. |
– | Metaventrite lacking protuberances above metacoxae; protibia lacking apical spine; metacoxa simple | 15 |
15 | Metaventral processes relatively shorter, narrowing at apex ( |
L. chinensis (Löbl) |
– | Metaventral processes relatively much longer, broad at apex ( |
L. inornatus Yin & Li |
We thank Donald S. Chandler (Durham, USA), Michael Caterino (Clemson, USA), and Peter Hlaváč (Praha, Czech Republic) for critically reviewing the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31501874, 31872965).