CANADA: ON: Chatham-Kent Co., Wheatley Provincial Park, treading at waters edge, 23.vii.2011, S.M. Paiero, 4 (DEBU); Elgin Co., Newport Forest, ~3km SW of Wardsville, 42°37'52"N, 81°46'43"W, 30.vii.2009, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: CT, FL, IL, KY, LA, MA, MI, MS, OK, PA, TX (Klimaszewski 1979, Klimaszewski 1982a, Klimaszewski and Génier 1985, Klimaszewski and Frank 1992a). Native.

Canada, Ontario, Haldimand-Norfolk Reg., 6 km W of Saint Williams, Backus Woods, slough forest, 42°40'7"N, 80°29'34"W.

Holotype (male): CANADA, ON:Hald.-Norfolk Reg., Backus Woods, North Block, 42°40'7"N, 80°29'34"W, 23.iv.2011, Brunke & Marshall, debu00340040 (DEBU).

Distinguished from other Aleochara by the following combination of characters: antennomere 4 subquadrate and 5–10 slightly transverse (Fig. 2); eyes extremely large, protruding laterally and close to frontal margin, postocular area of head about as large as eye in lateral view, postocular carina strong and complete; pronotum slightly transverse, with basal margin arcuate; elytra slightly longer than pronotum; abdomen subparallel for most of its length; basal metatarsomere slightly longer than the following tarsomere, tarsal claws exceptionally large, narrowly elongate; median lobe of aedeagus with large and narrowly elongate crista apicalis, tubus in lateral view swollen ventrally and sharply produced apically (Fig. 80). Aleochara daviesi is very similar externally to the western North American Aleochara lobata Klimaszewski from which it may be readily distinguished by the shape of the median lobe.

. Body length 4.9 mm; black with legs, elytra (except narrowly at base) and abdominal tergites VII and VIII, rust brown; punctation of forebody coarse, dense and flattened, interspaces between punctures with fine meshed microsculpture (Fig. 2); head broadest apically with very short frons and with strong and complete postocular carina, pubescence of dorsal surface directed toward midline of disc, eyes extremely large, protruding laterally, and close to frontal margin of head, postocular area about as long as eye; antennae with antennomeres 1–3 elongate, antennomere 4 subquadrate and 5–10 slightly transverse; pronotum slightly transverse, shorter than elytra, pubescence directed obliquely posteriad from midline of disc, punctation flattened and forming transversely impressed line at base of disc; elytra with posterior margin nearly straight with slight lateral emargination, pubescence directed lateroposteriad from suture; abdomen subparallel for most of its length, tergites II-IV with deep and V with shallow impression, impressions with dense punctures separated from each other by a distance equal to or less than diameter of a puncture, punctures often touching; basal metatarsomere slightly longer than the following segment; tarsal claws exceptionally large, elongate and with surface smooth.

Male. Tergite 8 bicolored, dark brown/black basally and yellowish apically, truncate apically and with margin slightly crenulate (Fig. 81); sternite eight produced apically (Fig. 82); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view with large and elongate bulbus produced ventrally at base, crista apicalis narrowly elongate and large, tubus swollen ventrally and sharply produced apically (Fig. 80).

Female: Unknown.

Presently known only from Backus Woods, an old growth deciduous forest in southern Ontario. Aleochara daviesi almost certainly occurs in the eastern United States and elsewhere in southern Canada.

The holotype was collected by submerging forest litter near the margins of forest pools (some permanent). Other members of the subgenus Echochara are inhabitants of mammal burrows or caves (Klimaszewski 1984). As there are no cave systems at the type locality, we suspect that Aleochara daviesi occurs in the former situation. Although the staphylinids occurring in groundhog (Marmota monax (L.)) burrows have been sampled (Klimaszewski 1984, Smetana 1971, Smetana 1995, this paper) the fauna in burrows/nests of other mammals in eastern North America is essentially unknown. Future survey work in the nests of Nearctic moles, shrews and rodents is warranted.

This species is dedicated to our colleague Anthony Davies (CNC, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) in recognition of his contribution to the knowledge of Canadian Staphylinidae and in appreciation of his assistance over the years in specimen loans, distributional records and curatorial matters, especially those relevant for this project.

CANADA: ON:Simcoe Co., Midhurst, 28.ix.2008, carrion, forest nr. Neretva St., A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: AL, AZ, AR, DC, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MA, MI, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV, WI.Also known from Mexico and South America (Trinidad and Tobago) (Klimaszewski 1984, Klimaszewski and Génier 1987, Klimaszewski and Frank 1992c). Native.

CANADA: ON:Wellington Co., Guelph, field, 20.ix.1984, Brian Wisenden, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON, QC, NB, NL; USA: CA, MN, NE, PA, VT. Widespread in Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical Regions (Horion 1967; Moore and Legner 1975; Klimaszewski 1984; Klimaszewski and Cervenka 1986; Byers et al. 2000; Smetana 2004; Klimaszewski et al. 2005b; Klimaszewski et al. 2011). Adventive in Canada.

Aleochara tristis was intentionally released in the United States in 1965 to control populations of Face Fly (Musca autumnalis DeGeer), a nuisance pest of and disease vector for livestock, which breeds in their dung (Jones 1967). In terms of biological control, the introduction appears to be a failure as this species is rarely collected and only as singletons. However, it is most certainly established in northeastern North America at low densities (Klimaszewski et al. 2005b, this study).

CANADA: ON:Bruce Co., Port Elgin, 15.vii.1980, P.F. Karrow, 1 (DEBU); Chatham-Kent Co., Glencoe, carrot field, pitfall, 17.v.2007, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU); Hald.-Norfolk Reg., Turkey Point Prov. Park, site 2, 42°42'28"N, 80°20'29"W, savannah, at lights, 5.vii.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU); Wellington Co., Guelph, Victoria Rd. & Conservation Line, soybean field, pitfall, 4.viii.2009, A. Brunke, 2 (DEBU), Guelph, woodland edge, 9.x.1991, C.S. Blanev, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: AZ, CA, ID, NY, OR, PA, TN (Klimaszewski et al. 2002; Gusarov 2003a). Native.

This species may be distinguished from all eastern Tinotus but Tinotus caviceps based on the combination of reddish body and elytra with short, bristle-like setae that are directed obliquely laterad (Klimaszewski et al. 2002). The aedeagi and spermathecae of Tinotus trisectus and Tinotus caviceps are extremely similar and there was previously some doubt whether these two species were distinct due to the limited available material of Tinotus trisectus (Klimaszewski et al. 2002). Gusarov (2003a) also followed this concept of the two species, corrected a synonymy and provided additional records for Tinotus trisectus. After examination of Ontario specimens of Tinotus caviceps and Tinotus trisectus we provide further evidence to maintain the status of these species based on the following consistent and unambiguous differences: internal sac of aedeagus of Tinotus caviceps with lower sclerite hooked ventrally in lateral view, not hooked in Tinotus trisectus; in both sexes, antennomere III of Tinotus caviceps strongly flattened and broadened in lateral view, cylindrical in Tinotus trisectus; elytral suture of Tinotus caviceps slightly but distinctly shorter than length of pronotum at midline, approximately the same length or longer in Tinotus trisectus.

Tinotus trisectus appears to prefer open habitats including woodland edges, agricultural fields and oak savannah. Previously, nothing was known about its habitat associations. This species is probably broadly distributed across North America, reaching its northern limit in southern Canada.

CANADA: ON:Essex Co., Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, unburnt forest, yellow pans, 19 to 22.vi.2001, S.M. Paiero, 1 (DEBU); Hald.-Norfolk Reg., Cronmiller Prop., ~6km W St. Williams, 42°40'21"N, 80°29'26"W, forest, at lights, 20.vii.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU), Turkey Point Prov. Park, site 1, 42°41'48"N, 80°19'48"W, forest, malaise pans, 15.vi to 5.vii.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON, QC; USA: AR, DC, FL, IL, MD, NJ, NY, NC, VA, WV (Génier 1989). Native.

CANADA: ON:Algoma Distr., Hilton Beach, hardwood forest and field, malaise, 14 to 17.vii.1987, F.W. & J.H. Swann, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON, QC; USA: DC, FL, GA, LA, NC, NJ, NY, VA (Génier 1989). Native.

CANADA: ON: Chatham-Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Park, int. tr. 4 (=intercept trap 4), in a white pine stand, 2.vi to 6.vi.1985, L. LeSage & A. Smetana, 1 (CNC); Elgin Co., Orwell, 15.vi.1978, J.M. Cumming, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PA, TN, TX, VA, WV (Génier 1989). Native.

CANADA: ON:Lincoln Co., Short Hills, Wildlife Pres., 1 mi E of N. Pelham, flowers of ‘Cornis florida’ L., 5.vi.1973, H. Frania, 2 (CNC).

Canada: ON; USA: DC, GA, IL, IN, IA, KA, LA, NE, NJ, NC, PA, TN, VA (Génier and Klimaszewski 1986). Native.

This is the only eastern species of Platandria (Génier and Klimaszewski 1986) and the first record of this species for Canada. Hanley (2003) reported Platandria from Canada (Ontario) for the first time in a summary of its general distribution but without locality information. Little is known about the biology of Platandria except that they are associated with the flowers of various shrubs (Ashe in Newton et al. 2000), despite an older account of an association with fungi (Blatchley 1910). The above specimens were collected in the flowers of Flowering Dogwood, a species confined in Canada to the Carolinian region of southern Ontario. As far as known, Platandria carolinae is similarly distributed in Canada, possibly indicating a staphylinid-plant association though this species was not among the assemblage of Coleoptera found on Flowering Dogwood by Rhoades et al. (2011) in Tennessee.

CANADA: ON:Huron Co., Auburn, hedgerow, pitfall trap, 26.v.2010, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU), Auburn, soybean field, 23.vi.2010, 1 (DEBU), same data except: 7.vii.2010, 1 (DEBU), 4.viii.2010, 3 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: KS (Assing 2002). Native.

This species is distinguished from other Nearctic Amarochara based on the extremely dense punctation of the abdominal tergites, weak microsculpture of the forebody and shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view.

Amarochara brevios was previously known only from the holotype collected in Kansas via flight intercept trap. Here, we report this species from Ontario, Canada based on numerous specimens collected using pitfall and raised pan traps in soybean fields (only 6 specimens kept as vouchers). While Amarochara inquilina (Casey) and Amarochara formicina Assing are associated with mound-building Formica ants, other species of the genus appear to be general inhabitants of decaying litter and only occasionally inhabit ant nests (Assing 2002). Currently nothing is known about the habitat preferences of other Nearctic Amarochara. Based on recent collections of Amarochara in Canada (Assing 2007, Webster et al. 2009; this study), species of this genus are poorly collected but widespread across eastern North America and all four Nearctic species are now reported from Canada (see below).

CANADA: ON:Hald.-Norfolk Reg., Cronmiller Prop., ~6km W St. Williams, 42°40'18"N, 80°29'24"W, low forest, malaise pans, 5 to 17.viii.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU), same data except: 42°40'20"N, 80°29'29"W, ridge forest, malaise pans, 17.viii to 1.ix.2011, 1 (DEBU), 42°40'20"N, 80°29'29"W, ridge forest, malaise pans, 1.ix to 20.ix.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU; Northumberland Co., Peter's Woods Prov. Nat. Res., 44°7'26"N, 78°2'31"W, forest, malaise pans, backwoods, 19.v to 1.vi.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU), same data except: front woods, 16 to 27.vi.2011, 1 (DEBU), 12 to 26.vii.2011, 1 (DEBU), 12 to 26.viii.2011, 2 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: GA, IN, KS (Assing 2002). Native.

This species can by distinguished from other Nearctic Amarochara by the following combination of characters: head and pronotum with weak microsculpture; first segment of metatarsus about as long as second to fourth segments combined; punctation of abdominal tergites sparse (Assing 2002, 2007). The shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus is also distinctive in lateral view.

All specimens of this species with collection data were collected in forested reserves using flight intercept traps (Assing 2002, this study) but nothing further is known about its biology.

CANADA: ON:Northumberland Co., Barr property, 7 km NE Centreton, site 1, 44°7'40"N, 77°58'57"W, savannah, malaise pans, 16 to 27.vi.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: BC, SK, ON, NB, NS, NL; USA: CA, IA, IL, IN, MA, MO, PA, SC, VA, VT; widespread in Palaearctic (Moore and Legner 1975; Seevers 1978; Downie and Arnett 1996; Smetana 2004; Klimaszewski and Majka 2007a; Webster et al. 2009; Klimaszewski et al. 2011). Adventive in Canada.

(Type material – see above). CANADA: ON:Hald.-Norfolk Reg., Cronmiller prop., 6 km W St Williams, site 2, 42°40'18"N, 80°29'24"W, forest, malaise pans, 17.v to 31.v.2011, A. Brunke & S.M. Paiero, 1 (DEBU) same data except: 31.v. to 15.vi; Cronmiller prop., 6 km W St Williams, 42°40'21"N, 80°29'26"W, forest, 5.vii.2011, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU); Lambton Co., Pinery Prov. Pk., under white pine bark, 17.iv.2010, A. Brunke, 2 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: CA, FL, IA, RI. Native.

All North American species of Dexiogyia were described by Casey (1894, 1911) (as Thiasophila and Ischnoglossa) and differentiated based on slight differences in body proportions, punctation, pubescence and color. An examination of the relevant types revealed no differences between them in their aedeagi or spermathecae and slight differences in external morphology, which were attributed to intraspecific variation. Therefore, Dexiogyia angustiventris was selected as the valid name for this species based on its appearance before Dexiogyia asperata (Casey) in Casey (1894), and Dexiogyia asperata (Casey) syn. n., Dexiogyia abscissa (Casey) syn. n., Dexiogyia tenuicauda (Casey) syn. n., Dexiogyia intenta (Casey) syn. n.and Dexiogyia alticola (Casey) syn. n.are here placed in synonymy with Dexiogyia angustiventris (Casey). To provide nomenclatural stability we have selected and designated lectotypes for Thiasophila angustiventris Casey, Thiasophila asperata Casey and Ischnoglossa intenta Casey. Additionally, one non-type specimen (Iowa, male) of Dexiogyia angustiventris and five non-type specimens in Casey’s collection (NMNH) of Dexiogyia alticola (California, Siskiou Co., 3 females, 1 male, 1 sex?) were examined.

Seevers (1978) noted that the European species Dexiogyia corticina (Erichson) was probably distinct from Dexiogyia angustiventris based on the longer and shaper teeth on male tergite 8 in the latter species. After examination of dissected specimens of Dexiogyia corticina from Leipzig, Saxonia, Germany (ZMB), we consider both as valid but extremely similar species. Dexiogyia corticina may be distinguished from the Nearctic Dexiogyia angustiventris based on the tubus of the median lobe with a ventral swelling in lateral view (straight in Dexiogyia angustiventris (Fig. 84) and the shorter, obtuse teeth of male tergite 8 (Fig. 85).

Dexiogyia has been associated with subcortical microhabitats, especially those of pine and in the ‘burrows of wood-boring beetles’ (Seevers 1978). This is the first record of the genus from Canada and due to its association with pine (Seevers 1978), we suspect this species to be transcontinental in Canada.

CANADA: ON:Waterloo Reg., Blair, hedgerow, pitfall trap, 5.v.2009, A. Brunke, 5 (DEBU), same data except: 19.v.2009, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON, QC, NB, NS; widespread in Palaearctic (Assing 1999; Smetana 2004; Majka and Klimaszewski 2008b; Webster et al. 2009). Adventive in Canada.

CANADA: ON: Timiskaming Distr., 52 mi S of Armstrong, 27.vi.1973, R. Parry & J.M. Campbell, 7 (CNC).

Canada: YT, ON; USA: AK (Lohse et al. 1990). Native.

The specimens from boreal Ontario represent the first record of this species in eastern North America and suggest a transboreal

(Type material – see above). CANADA: ON:Northumberland Co., Barr prop., 7 km NE Centreton, site 2, 44°7'48"N, 77°59'3"W, field, malaise pans, 19.v to 1.vi.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: NY. Native.

This is the first collection of Oxypoda rubescans since its description based on a male specimen collected in the Catskill Mountains of New York (Casey 1911). The aedeagus of this species is illustrated for the first time (Fig. 90). This species is similar in habitus to Oxypoda hiemalis Casey but is immediately differentiated by the elytra, which are longer than the pronotum at suture. Oxypoda rubescans may be easily recognized by the distinctively shaped median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 90). To promote nomenclatural stability, we designate a lectotype for this species here.

(Type material – see above). CANADA: ON:Chatham-Kent Co., Tilbury, pitfall trap, 23.vi.1994, T. Savinski, 1 (DEBU); Huron Co., Auburn, hedgerow, pitfall, 27.x.2010, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU); Northumberland Co., Peter's Woods PNR, 44°7'27"N, 78°2'21"W, dry streambed, under rock, 12.ix.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU); Ottawa Division, Mer Bleue, 20.ix.1980, leg. R. Baranowski, 1 (MZLU); Simcoe Co., Midhurst, Finlay Mills Rd., Willow Creek, 44°26'24"N, 79°43'48"W, splashing sandy bank, 13.vi.2010, A. & K. Brunke, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON; USA: NY. Native

This is the first record of Parocyusa americana since its description based on a female specimen collected from Peekskill, New York (Casey 1906). This species is easily recognized to genus by its habitus and the only other known Nearctic species (Parocyusa fuliginosa (Casey)) is darker, with a slightly shorter and more densely punctate pronotum, and has quadrate to slightly transverse antennomeres 8–10 (see Fig. 28 in Klimaszewski et al. 2011). To promote nomenclatural stability, we designate a lectotype for Parocyusa americana here.

Specimens of Parocyusa americana were found on a stream bank and in a dry streambed under a rock. We expect Parocyusa americana to occur broadly over northeastern North America in habitats near running water.

CANADA: ON: Algoma Distr., Michipicoten River, south of Wawa, 5.ix.1980, leg. R. Baranowski, 1 (MZLU).

Canada: ON, NL; USA: MA, NC, PA (Seevers 1978). Native.

This species was recorded from Canada for the first time by Klimaszewski et al. (2011) based on a specimen collected in Labrador, Newfoundland. The identification of this specimen was based on information provided in Seevers (1978) because the type material could not be located in the NMNH. This material was recently found and we here confirm the identity of the Newfoundland specimen as Parocyusa fuliginosa, newly record it from Ontario and designate a lectotype to promote nomenclatural stability. Parocyusa fuliginosa has been collected in much the same way as Parocyusa americana and we expect both species to occur broadly in eastern North America in habitats near running water.

CANADA: ON:Northumberland Co., Peter’s Woods PNR, 44°7'27"N, 78°2'21"W, forest, 12.vii.2011, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU); Greater Sudbury Div., Wahnapitae, 22.viii.1980, leg. R. Baronowski, 1 (MZLU).

Canada: YT, NT, ON, NL; USA: AK, MT (Campbell and Davies 1991; Klimaszewski et al. 2011; Klimaszewski et al. 2012). Native.

CANADA: ON:Hald.-Norfolk Reg., Cronmiller prop., ~6km W St. Williams, 42°40'20"N, 80°29'29"W, eutrophic pond edge, 17.viii.2011, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU), same data except S.M. Paiero, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: BC, AB, ON; USA: AZ, MT, NM, OR (Moore and Legner 1975; Klimaszewski et al. 2008). Native.

This is the first record of this species from eastern North America. Gnypeta helenae is indistinguishable externally from Gnypeta canadensis Klimaszewski, which was described based on characters of the male and female genitalia (Klimaszewski et al. 2008b). The authors noted that a wide geographic range of specimens was not available for examination and further study may necessitate re-examination of these species concepts. Study of recent material of both species from the same locality in Haldimand-Norfolk Region, Ontario, Canada confirmed that Gnypeta helenae and Gnypeta canadensis are indeed separate but cryptic species. Specimens of Gnypeta helenae with label data have been collected on the banks of rivers and lakes and from a eutrophic pond edge (Ontario specimen), while those of Gnypeta canadensis were collected in forested wetland habitats and some of these were hand collected from moss on deadwood (Ontario material). Further collecting in wet microhabitats may reveal ecological differences in these two species.

CANADA: ON:Hald.-Norfolk Reg., Cronmiller Prop., ~6km W St. Williams, 42°40'20"N, 80°29'29"W, eutrophic pond, treading edge, 4.viii.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU), same data except: 17.viii.2011, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON, NB, NL;USA: MA, MD, PA, VT (Moore and Legner 1975; Klimaszewski et al. 2008b; Klimaszewski et al. 2011). Native.

CANADA: ON:Hald.-Norfolk Reg., Cronmiller Prop., ~6km W St. Williams, 42°40'21"N, 80°29'26"W, forest, at lights, 20.vii.2011, Brunke & Paiero, 1 (DEBU), Cronmiller Prop., ~6km W St. Williams, 42°40'21"N, 80°29'26"W, forest, Berlese leaf and log litter, 20.ix.2011, A. Brunke, 1 (DEBU).

Canada: ON, NS; USA: AR, FL, GA, IL, LA, MA, MD, NH, OK, TN, VA (Klimaszewski 1982b; Klimaszewski and Génier 1986; Klimaszewski and Frank 1992b; Majka and Klimaszewski 2010). Native.