New Brunswick, York Co., Upper Brockway, 45.5684°N, 67.0993°W, 23.IV.2006, R. P. Webster, forested black spruce bog, in sphagnum. (1, RWC)

The single New Brunswick specimen was collected from sphagnum in a forested black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) bog. Elsewhere this species has been reported from forest litter and from wet moss and debris in wet habitats, such as swamps, marshes, bogs, and lake and stream margins (Smetana 1982). The single adult was collected by sifting sphagnum during late April.

ON, QC, NB (Smetana 1982).

Additional New Brunswick records, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A. (Protected Natural Area), at Turtle Creek, 45.8432°N, 64.8411°W, 5.VII.2011, A. Fairweather, old hardwood forest (sugar maple and beech), in rotten log near creek (1, NBM); Caledonia Gorge P.N.A. at Caledonia Creek, 45.7935°N, 64.7760°W, 1.VII.2011, R. P. Webster, shaded, rocky, cold, clear brook, splashing moss on rocks (1, NBM). Carleton Co., Hovey Hill PNA, (Protected Natural Area), 46.1115°N, 67.7770°W, 19.VIII.2007, R. P. Webster, hardwood forest, under bark. (1, RWC); Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2208°N, 67.7211°W, 10.VII.2004, Vincent Webster & R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in bracket fungi (1, RWC); same locality and forest type but 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 13.VIII.2006, R. P. Webster, in decaying fleshy polypore fungi (1, RWC); same locality and forest type, 8–16.VI.2009, 16–21.VI.2009, 19–31.VII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, Lindgren funnel traps (3, AFC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake PNA, 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 21–27.V.2009, 21–28.VII.2009, 28.VII-6 VIII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (3, AFC). Restigouche Co., Berry Brook PNA, 47.8140°N, 66.7578°W, 26.V.2007, R .P. Webster, old-growth eastern white cedar swamp, in moss on hummock at base of cedar (2 ♂, RWC); Jacquet River Gorge PNA, 47.7491°N, 66.1114°W, 24.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, hardwood forest, under bark (1, NBM). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 14.V.2007, R. P. Webster, mature red spruce and red maple forest, sifting deep conifer litter at base of large red spruce (1, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9866°N, 66.3841°W, 2–9.VI.2009, 21–29.VII.2009, 29.VII-4.VIII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature (110-year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel traps (3, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8300°N, 66.7360°W, 1.V.2004, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, under bark of conifer log (1, RWC); same locality data and collector but 21.VI.2004, mixed forest, under bark (1, RWC); same locality and collector but 45.8286°N, 66.7211°W, 10.VII.2005, mature red spruce and cedar forest, in bracket fungi (1 ♂, RWC); Fredericton, Odell Park, 7.IX.2005, 45.9570°N, 66.6695°W, R. P. Webster, old-growth hemlock forest, on bracket fungi (1, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 1–8.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC); 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 10–26.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll., old mixed forest with red and white spruce, red and white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC).

Smetana (1982) reported this species from under bark of dead trees with one record from Fomitopsis pinicola (Swartz: Fr.) Karst. In New Brunswick, this species was found in various forest types, including hardwood, mixed red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.), and old-growth hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.)). Adults were found under bark of both dead hardwood and conifer trees, in rotten logs, and in various species of polypore fungi (fleshy and bracket fungi). One adult was found in moss on a rock along a shaded brook. Adults were collected during May, June, July, August, and September.

ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1982). Atrecus americanus was listed as occurring in New Brunswick by Majka et al. (2011) without any supporting references or data. Here, we provide the first documented records from New Brunswick.

New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A, 47.7146°N, 66.1644°W, 24.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, alder swamp adjacent to slow flowing brook, in leaves on muddy soil (1 ♂, NBM). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8428°N, 66.7279°W, 19.IV.2005, 28.IV.2004, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in litter near small sedge marsh (2, RWC); same locality but 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 23.IV.2004, 29.IV.2004, 9.V.2005, R. P. Webster, mixed forest near small shaded brook, in forest litter (2 ♂, 3 sex undetermined, NBM, RWC); same locality but 45.8341°N, 66.7445°W, 22.IV.2005, R. P. Webster, mature red spruce and eastern white cedar forest, margin vernal pond in leaf litter (2, RWC); New Maryland, off Hwy 2, E of Baker Brook, 45.8760°N, 66.6252°W, 6.IV.2005, R. P. Webster, old growth eastern cedar swamp in moss and litter on hummock (1, RWC); Rt. 645 at Beaver Brook, 45.6860°N, 66.8668°W, R. P. Webster, Carex marsh, in litter at base of dead red maple (1 ♂, RWC); near Mazerolle Settlement, NE of exit 271, off Hwy 2, 45.8776°N, 66.8254°W, 8.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, alder swamp with poplar, in leaf litter and moss near vernal pool (1, NBM).

In New Brunswick, adults were usually found in moss, leaf, and grass litter near various kinds of wet habitats. These included Carex marshes, shaded brook margins, a vernal pond in a mature red spruce and eastern white cedar forest, and on hummocks in an old-growth eastern white cedar swamp. Elsewhere, this species has been found in similar habitats, including a series collected from a beaver lodge (Smetana 1982). Adults were collected during April, May, and June.

MB, ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1982; Bishop et al. 2009).

New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 18.IX.2006, R. P. Webster, mature hardwood forest, under bark of large dead basswood covered with polypore fungi (1, RWC); same locality and habitat, 20–26.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, Lindgren funnel trap (1, RWC). Queens Co., Rees, near Grand Lake, 46.0016°N, 65.9466°W, 29.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. P. Webster, nest box contents of barred owl (1, RWC); Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 5–12 V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, RWC).

Little is known about the habitat assciations of members of this genus, especially in North America (Smetana 1982). Species from the Palaearctic have been collected from hollows of trees and stumps and in litter at bases of dead trees; some species occur regularly in bird nests in hollow trees and are often observed among ants (Smetana 1982). In New Brunswick, one specimen was collected from the nest contents of a barred owl (Strix varia Barton), one from under the bark of a large, dead, fungus-covered basswood (Tilia americana L.) log, and another from a Lindgren funnel trap deployed in mature (old) red oak (Quercus rubra L.) forest. One specimen was collected in association with an ant, Formica subsericea Say, in Iowa City, Iowa (Smetana 1982). Adults were collected during May and September.

ON, NB (Smetana 1988).

New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 23–28.IV.2009, 20–26.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (3, AFC). Charlotte Co., 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110°N, 66.6170°W, 30.IV-17.V.2010, R. Webster & V. Webster, coll., old growth eastern white cedar forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 12–21.V.2009, 5–11.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC). Sunbury Co., Sunpoke Lake, 45.7665°N, 66.5545°W, 15.V.2004, R. P. Webster, red oak and maple forest, under coyote scat and in leaf litter (2, RWC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0188°N, 66.3765°W, 14.V.2008, 18.VI.2009, R. P. Webster, mature red spruce and red maple forest, sifting leaf litter (2, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9866°N, 66.3841°W, 13–19.V.2009, 19–25.V.2009, 25.V-2.VI.2009, 2–9.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature (100-year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel traps (6, AFC); ca. 5 km SE of Geary, 45.7057°N, 66.4432°W, 22.V.2009, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in leaf litter with scat & bones under tree with active great horned owl nest (1, NBM). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8304°N, 66.7351°W, 18.IV.2004, 6.V.2004, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, under moist cardboard covering old chicken bones (2, RWC); same locality but 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 5.V.2004, 12.V.2004, 9.V.2004, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in compost (decaying vegetables) (3, RWC); same locality but 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 7.VI.2005, R. P. Webster, mature red spruce and eastern white cedar forest, in leaf litter (2 , RWC); Canterbury, “Browns Mountain Fen Complex”, 45.8937°N, 67.6564°W, 8.VI.2004, D. Sabine & R. Webster, black spruce bog with eastern white cedar, in moist sphagnum on bog margin (1, RWC); 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 26.IV-10.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll., old mixed forest with red and white spruce, red and white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC).

In New Brunswick, adults were collected from under coyote scat, under cardboard covering old chicken bones, in compost, in leaf litter in hardwood and mixed forests, and in moist sphagnum on the margin of a black spruce and eastern white cedar bog/fen. Smetana (1982) reported most specimens from leaf litter in deciduous forests, although a few were reported from a human dung trap and from under a dead beaver. Adults were collected during April, May, and June.

ON, QC, NB (Smetana 1982).

New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 16.X.2004, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in compost (decaying vegetables) (1, RWC).

In Europe, this species is synanthropic, occurring in compost, manure, and other decaying organic material (Smetana 1982). In North America, specimens of this adventive species were collected from decaying grass clippings and from a pile of moldy wood chips and damp decaying vegetation (Smetana 1982). The single specimen from New Brunswick was collected from decaying vegetables (compost) in October.

ON, QC, NB (Smetana 1982).

New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 46.0188°N, 66.3765°W, 14.V.2007, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in flight, collected with net (1 sex undetermined, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8267°N, 66.7343°W, 30.IV.2005, R. P. Webster, Carex marsh, in sphagnum hummock (1 sex undetermined, RWC).

Little is known about the habitat associations of this species. One of the New Brunswick specimens was collected from a sphagnum hummock in a Carex marsh, another was collected while it was flying in a mixed forest near a Carex marsh. Adults were collected in late April and May.

SK, MB, ON, QC, NB (Smetana 1982).

New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2150°N, 67.7190°W, 12.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, river margin, treading vegetation in seepage area (1, NBM). Charlotte Co., 3.5 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3087°N, 67.4362°W, 16.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, red maple swamp, in leaves and moss near small vernal pool (1, NBM). Northumberland Co., Goodfellow Brook P.N.A., 46.8943°N, 65.3796°W, 23.V.2007, R. P. Webster, old growth eastern white cedar swamp, in grass litter and moss on hummocks near pool (1 ♂, 1 sex undetermined, NBM, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A. at Jacquet River, 47.7765°N, 66.1277°W, 13.VIII.2010, R. P. Webster, in moss on rocks in middle of river, splashing rocks (1, NBM). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 23.IV.2004, 3.VI.2004, 9.V.2005, 6.X.2005, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in litter and moss near margin of small shaded brook (5, RWC); same locality and collector but 45.8283°N, 66.7350°W, 8.V.2004, sedge marsh, in sphagnum hummock (1, RWC); same locality and collector but 45.8428°N, 66.7279°W, 23.VI.2004, 20.IV.2005, mixed forest, (shaded) margin of small sedge marsh in moist sphagnum (2, RWC); 8.4 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 14.V.2008, R. P. Webster, wet alder swamp, in grass hummock (1, RWC).

In New Brunswick, most adults were collected in red maple (Acer rubrum L.) swamps, alder (Alnus sp.) swamps, and eastern white cedar swamps, usually along vernal pool and brook margins, and in Carex marshes. One adult was collected from a seepage area along a river margin. Adults were sifted from moss and various kinds of grass and leaf litter. Elsewhere, specimens were collected from dead swamp grass and moss (Smetana 1971a), leaf litter in a cedar bog, and a pitfall trap in a bog (Smetana 1981). Adults in New Brunswick were collected in April, May, and June.

ON, QC, NB, NF (Smetana 1971a, 1973, 1981).

New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., Rt. 3 at Deadwater Brook, 45.4744°N, 67.1225°W, 3.VI.2005, R. P. Webster, forested black spruce bog, marshy stream margin, treading (1, RWC); near New River, 45.1616°N, 66.6649°W, 7.VII.2006, R. P. Webster, treading sedge marsh (1, NBM); near Clark Ridge, 45.3155°N, 67.4406°W, 27.V.2007, R. P. Webster, beaver pond, treading vegetation (1, NBM). Queens Co., Upper Gagetown, bog adjacent to Hwy 2, 45.8316°N, 66.2346°W, R. P. Webster, tamarack bog, in sphagnum hummock and litter at bog margin (1 ♂, 2 sex undetermined, NBM, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8267°N, 66.7343°W, 8.V.2004, 16.IV.2005, 30.IV.2005, 14.V.2005, R. P. Webster, Carex marsh in sphagnum hummocks (5, RWC).

Penobscot Co., T6 R8 WELS, Marble Fen, 46.1245°N, 68.6983°W, 13.VI.2003, P. deMaynadier and R. Webster, open wet tamarack bog, in moist sphagnum (treading) (1, NBM).

Smetana (1971a, 1976) reported this species from swampy and marshy areas, and along lake and bog margins. Adults occurred in wet moss, wet sphagnum, floating sphagnum mats, leaves and debris, and other floating vegetation. In Nova Scotia, adults were collected in a eutrophic, Typha latifolia L. marsh (Smetana 1965). In New Brunswick, this species was found in marsh vegetation or saturated sphagnum hummocks along a marshy stream margin near a forested black spruce bog, a tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) bog, a beaver pond, and in Carex marshes. Most adults were collected by treading vegetation into water. Adults were collected in April, May, June, and July.

ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1971a, 1973, 1976). Smetana (1990) reported Acylophorus caseyi from western Maine near the border with New Hampshire (Wilsons Mills Bog, Oxford Co.). The above record from Maine represents a significant eastern range extension in the state. It is apparent from the above records that Acylophorus caseyi probably has a more continuous distribution in the Northeast and the Maritime provinces as a whole than was suggested by the collection records reported in Majka et al. (2009). These distributional gaps likely reflect incomplete collecting effort in the appropriate wetland habitats. One must use treading to collect this species from the wetland habitats that this species usually frequents.

New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, 46.2257°N, 67.7420°W, 22.V.2010, R. P. Webster, river margin, in gravel near water on gravel bar (1, NBM). Charlotte Co., 3.0 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3059°N, 67.4343°W, 5.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, alder swamp, in moss hummocks with grasses (2, NBM, RWC); near New River, 45.2118°N, 66.6179°W, 7.VII.2008, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, margin of small pond, treading Carex hummock (1, RWC). Queens Co., Grand Lake Meadows P.N.A., 45.8227°N, 66.1209°W, 24.VIII-3.IX.2010, C. Hughes & K. Burgess, old silver maple forest with green ash and seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). Sunbury Co., Maugerville, Portobello Creek N.W.A., 45.8992°N, 66.4248°W, 27.V.2004, 5.VI.2004, R. P. Webster, silver maple swamp, margin of small vernal pond in leaf litter (2, RWC); near Sunpoke Lake, 45.7662°N, 66.5526°W, 20.VI.2007, R. P. Webster, seasonally flooded marsh, treading (1 sex undetermined, RWC). York Co., Fredericton, University of New Brunswick Woodlot, 45.9391°N, 66.6747°W, 17.VIII.2009, R. Webster, D. McAlpine, & G. Forbes, within wall of a beaver (Castor canadensis) lodge (4 ♀, RWC).

Hemiquedius feroxwas reported by Smetana (1971a) from various wet habitats, such as swamps, lake margins, and marshes. Adults were found in wet moss and leaves and in beaver lodges in late fall. Adults were found in similar habitats in New Brunswick, including an alder swamp, silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) swamps, pond margins, a seasonally flooded marsh, a gravel bar on river, and a beaver lodge. Adults occurred in moss and Carex hummocks, in leaf litter along vernal pond margins and within the wall of a beaver lodge. Adults were collected by sifting litter and moss or treading vegetation into water. One individual was collected in a Lindgren funnel trap. Adults were captured during May, June, July, August, and September.

ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1971a). It is apparent from the above records that Hemiquedius ferox is more widely distributed in the Maritime provinces than was suggested by the collection records reported in Majka et al. (2009).

New Brunswick, York Co., Upper Brockway, 45.5684°N, 67.0993°W, 23.IV.2006, R. P. Webster, forested black spruce bog, in sphagnum (1, RWC).

Little is known about the habitat associations of this species.Smetana (1976) reported specimens from under driftwood on a muddy river bank and from a pitfall trap on the margin of swampy pool in the Northwest Territories. The single adult from New Brunswick was sifted from sphagnum in a forested black spruce bog in late April.

NT, BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, NF (Smetana 1971a, 1973, 1976, 1981).

New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2152°N, 67.7190°W, 1.VI.2005, M.-A. Giguère & R. Webster, river margin, flying adults collected with aerial net between 16:00 and 18:00 h (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8197°N, 66.0835°W, 23.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, river margin, among cobblestones (1, NBM). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 10.VI.2006, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, m.v. light (3, RWC); same locality data, collector, and forest type, 26.V.2008, compost (decaying vegetables) (1, RWC).

Smetana (1971a) reported this species from compost and grass piles, leaf and ground litter, and from old deserted beaver lodges. In New Brunswick, adults were sifted from compost and among cobblestones along a river margin. Other individuals were collected at a mercury-vapor light and during a late afternoon aerial flight. Adults were collected in May and June.

BC, ON, QC, NB (Smetana 1971a, 1973, 1981).

New Brunswick, Restigouche, Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Fredericton, University of New Brunswick Woodlot, 45.9391°N, 66.6747°W, 17.VIII.2009, R. P. Webster, D. McAlpine, & G. Forbes, in beaver (Castor canadensis) lodge, within wall of lodge (2 ♂, NBM, RWC).

Smetana (1971a, 1976) reported specimens from near or within (in walls) muskrat nests and beaver lodges. Two of the New Brunswick specimens were collected from within the wall of a beaver lodge in August. One was captured during June in a Lindgren funnel trap deployed in an old balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) forest.

ON, QC, NB (Smetana 1971a, 1976).

Additional New Brunswick records. Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 18.IX.2006, R. P. Webster, mature hardwood forest, under bark of large, dead, standing basswood covered with bracket fungi (1 ♂, RWC); same locality, 4–12.VI.2008, 12–19.VI.2008, 5–12.VII.2008, 23–28.IV.2009, 9–14.V.2009, 14–20.V.2009, 9–16.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, 3 ♀, 6 sex undetermined, AFC, NBM, RWC). Charlotte Co., 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110°N, 66.6170°W, 30.IV-17.V.2010, R. P. Webster & V. Webster, coll., old-growth eastern white cedar forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 24.IV-5 V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (5, AFC, NBM). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8160°N, 66.0083°W, 14.VIII.2010, R. P. Webster, old eastern white cedar forest, in polypore fungi on Populus log (1, NBM); Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 28.VII-9.VIII.2011, 9–23.VIII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (2, NBM); same locality and collectors but 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, 9–23.VIII.2011, old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC, NBM). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9866°N, 66.3841°W, 28.IV-8.V.2009, 8–13.V.2009, 13–19.V.2009, 2–9.VI.2009, 29.VII-4.VIII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature (110 year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, 13 sex undetermined, AFC, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 25–29.IV.2008, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 25.IV-4V.2009, 4–11.V.2009, 11–19.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature (120–180 year-old) red pine forest, Lindgren funnel traps (3 ♂, 4 sex undetermined, AFC, RWC); 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 26.IV-10.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll., old mixed forest with red and white spruce, red and white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC).

Little is known about the habitat associations of this species. Smetana (1973) reported a specimen from Polyporus betulinus (Bull.) Fr. In New Brunswick, one specimen was collected from under bark of a large, dead, standing basswood covered with bracket fungi (polypore fungi), one from under bark of a spruce log, and another in a polypore fungi on a Populus log. Many specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in a variety of forest types, including an old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest, a hardwood with sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), an old-growth northern hardwood forest, a red spruce forest, an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, a mixed forest, and an old eastern white cedar forest. These traps mimic tree trunks (Lindgren 1983), and it is possible that this species lives in microhabitats associated with standing trees. Adults were collected in April, May, June, July, August, and September.

ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1971a, 1973, 1978; Bishop et al. 2009). This species was previously known in New Brunswick from one specimen collected in Dalhousie during 1925 by Johansen (Smetana 1971a).

New Brunswick, Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 7–13.VII.2011, 20.VII-4.VIII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, old red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (2 ♀, NBM, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, 9–23.VIII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, 2 ♀, NBM, RWC); same locality and collectors but 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V-15.VI.2011, 15–27.VI.2011, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, 14–28.VII.2011, 9–23.VIII.2011, old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel traps (3 ♂, 6 ♀, AFC, NBM, RWC). York Co., 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 1–8.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); same locality and habitat data, 4–16.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, RWC). Quebec, Saguenay Co. Sept-Iles, 20.V.1985, 13.IX.1985, C. Chantal (1♂, 1 ♀, CCC).

Little is known about the habitat associations of this species. Adults have been taken from leaf litter in Larix forests, in rotten Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton) and grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex. D. Don) Lindl.) logs, under board in a meadow, ex fungus, and in association with the ant Formica neorufibarbis Emery (probably accidentally) (Smetana 1971a). The New Brunswick specimens were collected in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in an old (120- to 180-year-old trees) red pine forest, an old red oak forest, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, and an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest. Adults were collected during May, June, July, August, and September in New Brunswick and Quebec.

NT, YT, BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB (Smetana 1971a, 1990). The records from Quebec and New Brunswick represent significant range extensions east of the known distribution of this species reported by Smetana (1971a, 1990), indicating that this species is transcontinental in distribution in Canada.

Additional New Brunswick records, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2208°N, 67.7211°W, 10.IV.2005, R. P. Webster, mature hardwood forest, in leaf litter at base of tree (1 ♂, RWC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 24.IV–5 V.2009, 5–12 V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 27.VI–14.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, 2 ♀, NBM, RWC). Sunbury Co., Noonan, 45.9923°N, 66.4099°W, 22.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, mature mixed forest, in nest contents of barred owl, 7 m high in cavity in a red maple (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9866°N, 66.3841°W, 22–25.IV.2009, 25.IV-4.V.2009, 4–11.V.2009, 19–25.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature (110-year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel traps (4, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 18.IV.2004, 30.IV.2004, 5.V.2006, 9.V.2006, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in compost (decaying vegetables) (2 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); same locality but 45.8430°N, 66.7275°W, 6.X.2005, R. P. Webster, regenerating mixed forest, baited with pile of decaying mushrooms (2 ♂, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 22–25.IV.2009, 25.IV–4.V.2009, 4–11.V.2009, 19–25.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, Lindgren funnel traps (4, AFC).

Quedius erythrogastertypically lives in nests and burrows of various mammals and in caves but has been found in decaying organic matter and debris (Smetana 1971a), including wet leaf litter (Smetana 1976). In New Brunswick, adults were found in leaf litter early in the season when snow was still present (possibly an overwinter site), compost (decaying vegetables), and decaying mushrooms. Other adults were collected from the nest contents of a barred owl in a tree hole, suggesting this species may also live in association with tree-cavity-nesting birds. Adults were also captured in Lindgren funnels traps deployed in an old red oak forest, an old red pine forest, and an old-growth northern hardwood forest. Adults were collected in April, May, June, July, and October.

BC, AB, SK, ON, QC, NB (Smetana 1971a, 1973, 1976, 1981). Quedius erythrogaster was listed as occurring in New Brunswick by Majka et al. (2011) without any supporting references or data. Here, we provide the first documented records from New Brunswick.

Additional New Brunswick records, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 18.IX.2006, 9.X.2006, R. P. Webster, mature hardwood forest, under bark of large dead standing basswood covered with bracket fungi (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same locality, 4–12.VI.2008, 12–19.VI.2008, 19–27.VI.2008, 5–12.VII.2008, 12–19.VII.2008, 19–28.VII.2008, R. P. Webster, mature hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, 4 ♀, 7 sex undetermined, AFC, RWC); same locality, 14–20.V.2009, 16–21.VI.2009 , R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC). Restigouche, Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, NBM). York Co., Odell Park, 45.9570°N, 66.6695°W, 19.VI.2005, R. P. Webster, moist wood chips and decaying plant material (1 ♀, RWC).

In Europe, this species is typically found in synanthropic situations in decaying organic materials such as compost (Smetana 1971a). It has also been reported from mammal burrows, tree holes, and caves in natural settings. In New Brunswick, adults were collected from under bark of a fungus-covered, dead, standing basswood, among moist wood chips and decaying plant material, and from Lindgren funnel traps deployed in a hardwood forest and an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest. Adults were captured in June, July, September, and October.

AK, BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, NF (Smetana 1971a; Majka and Smetana 2007). This adventive species was first reported from New Brunswick by Majka and Smetana (2007) from specimens collected in Saint John in 1907 by G. Morrisey.

Additional New Brunswick records. Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.8257°N, 64.7791°W, 6.VII.2011, R. P. Webster, old hardwood forest (sugar maple and beech), in decayed fleshy polypore in log (1 ♂, NBM). Sunbury Co., Maugerville, Portobello Creek N.W.A., 45.9031°N, 66.4268°W, 11.IX.2006, R. P. Webster, red oak and red maple forest, on gilled mushroom (1 ♀, RWC); Acadia Research Forest, pitfall trap (collection) dates, 17.VIII.1999, 24.VIII.1999, 25.VIII.1999, 8.IX.1999, 13.IX.1999, 15.IX.1999, G. Gesner, strip, select., and control plots (15, AFC); same locality but 46.0188°N, 66.3765°W, 17.VIII.2007, R. P. Webster, mature red spruce and red maple forest, sifting moss (1, AFC); same locality and collector but 46.0173°N, 66.3741°W, 18.IX.2007, 8.5 year-old regenerating mixed forest, in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression (1, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 18.VII.2006, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, on rotting fungus covered log (1 ♀, RWC); same locality data, collector, and (adjacent) forest type, 4.X.2005, residential lawn, on soil at base of grasses (1 ♂, RWC); same locality, collector, and adjacent forest type but 45.8348°N, 66.7335°W, 4.VIII.2004, in fleshy fungi (1, NBM); same locality and collector but 45.8430°N, 66.7275°W, 12.VII.2005, regenerating mixed forest, beating foliage (2 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC); same locality data, collector, and forest type, 25.IX.2005, baited with pile of decaying mushrooms (1 ♂, RWC).

One of the Nova Scotia specimens was collected by treading wet Sphagnum (Smetana 1973), otherwise little is known about the habitat associations of this species (Smetana 1971a). Specimens from New Brunswick were collected in red oak and red maple forests, a red spruce and red maple forest, an old sugar maple and American beech forest, and regenerating mixed forests. Adults were collected from gilled mushrooms, a decayed fleshy polypore fungus on a log, from a rotten fungus-covered log, baited with decaying mushrooms, sifted from sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression, and swept from foliage in a regenerating forest. Adults were also captured in pitfall traps in large numbers (Klimaszewski et al. 2005). This species is probably associated with decaying organic matter, such as decaying mushrooms. Adults were captured during July, August, September, and October.

ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1971a, 1973; Klimaszewski et al. 2005). This species was first reported from New Brunswick by Klimaszewski et al. (2005) from specimens collected in pitfall traps at the Acadia Research Forest (Sunbury Co.)

Additional New Brunswick records. Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2152°N, 67.7190°W, 21.VIII.2004, 15.IX.2004, R. P. Webster, upper river margin under litter on clay soil (2 ♀, RWC); Hovey Hill P.N.A., 46.1115°N, 67.7770°W, 10.V.2005, R. P. Webster, mature hardwood forest in moist leaf litter and moss on margin of vernal pond (2 ♂, 1♀, RWC). York Co., Pokiok, 2.VI.1995, (G. Gesner) pitfall trap (1♂, AFC); Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 30.IV.2005, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in compost (decaying vegetables) (1 ♂, RWC); same locality data, collector, and forest type, 5.IX.2006, in pile of decaying corncobs and cornhusks (1♀, RWC).

This species has been reported mostly from around human settlements in various kinds of debris and under stones (Smetana (1971a). Adults have also been found in natural habitats in moss and leaf litter (Smetana 1971a, 1978). In New Brunswick, adults were collected in natural habitats (river margin in litter, in moist leaf litter and moss on vernal pond margin in a hardwood forest) and in synanthropic situations (in compost and pile of decaying corncobs and cornhusks near a home). Adults were collected in April, May, June, August, and September.

BC, ON, NB, NS (Smetana 1971a; Majka and Smetana 2007; Brunke and Marshall 2011). This adventive species was first reported from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (and eastern North America) by Majka and Smetana (2007). An earlier record (Truro, 1984) from Nova Scotia was later reported by Majka and Klimaszewski (2008a). The record from New Brunswick was based on a specimen collected by CG Majka at Mary’s Point in 2002.

Additional New Brunswick records, Restigouche Co., Little Tobique River near Red Brook, 47.4462°N, 67.0689°W, 24.V.2007, R. P. Webster, coll., old growth eastern white cedar forest, in moss and leaf litter near brook (1 ♂, NBM); MacFarlane Brook P.N.A., 47.6018°N, 67.6263°W, 25.V.2007, R. P. Webster, old growth eastern white cedar swamp, in moss near brook (1 ♂, RWC); Berry Brook P.N.A., 47.8140°N, 66.7578°W, 26.V.2007, R. P. Webster, old growth eastern white cedar swamp, in moss on hummock at base of eastern white cedar (2 ♀, RWC). Saint John Co., Musquash, 45.1696°N, 66.3140°W, 7.V.2006, R. P. Webster, spruce forest, in sphagnum and litter on margin of brook (1 ♂, RWC); ca. 2.0 km NE of Maces Bay, 45.1168°N, 66.4552°W, 8.V.2006, R. P. Webster, eastern white cedar swamp, under deer dung (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 30.IV.2004, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, m.v. light (1 ♀, RWC).

Smetana (1976) reported this species from moss, mushrooms, and deciduous leaf litter (birch and poplar stands) near streams. In the Alberta foothills forests, Quedius labradorensis was considered to be an open-ground specialist after forest harvesting and only extended a short distance into adjacent uncut forests (Pohl et al. (2007). Numbers of this species also increased after harvesting. In New Brunswick, most adults were found in old-growth eastern white cedar swamps in moss usually near small streams. One adult was found under white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman)) dung, and another was collected at a mercury-vapor light. Adults were collected during April and May.

AK, BC, NT, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, NF (Smetana 1971a, 1973, 1976, 1978). Majka et al. (2011) listed this species as occurring in New Brunswick without any supporting references or data. Here, we provide the first documented records from New Brunswick.

Additional New Brunswick records, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.8257°N, 64.7791°W, 6.VII.2011, R. P. Webster, old hardwood forest (sugar maple and beech), under bark of sugar maple log (1, NBM). Carleton Co., Hovey Hill P.N.A., 46.1115°N, 67.7770°W, 19.VIII.2004, R. P. Webster, hardwood forest, under bark of log (1 ♀, RWC); Jackson Falls, Bell Forest, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 4–12.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, mature hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC); same locality, 14–20.V.2009, 16–21.VI.2009 , R. P. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC). Charlotte Co., 5.1 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3055°N, 67.4340°W, 5.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, under bark of spruce log (1, NBM); 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110°N, 66.6170°W, 30.IV-17.V.2010, R. Webster & V. Webster, coll., old growth eastern white cedar forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 24.IV-5 V.2009, 21–27.V.2009, 5–11.VI.2009, 18–25.VI.2009, 25.VI-1 VII.2009, 21–28.VII.2009, 6–14.VIII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♀, 13 sex undetermined, AFC, NBM, RWC). Restigouche Co., Little Tobique River near Red Brook, 47.4462°N, 67.0689°W, 24.V.2007, R. P. Webster, old-growth eastern white cedar forest, under bark of large fallen spruce (1 ♀, NBM); Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8200°N, 66.0015°W, 13.V.2010, R. P. Webster (1, NBM); same locality but 47.8257°N, 66.0779°W, 14.V.2010, P. Giasson, old mixed forest, under bark of Populus sp. log (1, NBM); South Branch Rd., 494 m elev., 47.8767°N, 68.2657°W, 22.VI.2010, R. P. Webster, Spruce and balsam fir forest, under bark of spruce (1, NBM); Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 28.VII-9.VIII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (2, AFC, NBM); same locality and collectors but 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 15–27.VI.2011, old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC, NBM). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9866°N, 66.3841°W, 6–24.VI.2009, 13–21.VII.2009, 21–29.VII.2009, 29.VII-4.VIII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature (100 year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel trap (4, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8188°N, 66.7460°W, 25.VIII.2004, R. P. Webster, clear-cut, under bark of conifer stump (3 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC); same locality but, 45.8380°N, 66.7310°W, 14.V.2004, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, under bark of conifer (1 ♀, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 8–15.VI.2009, 21–28.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature (120–180 year-old) red pine forest, Lindgren funnel traps (4, AFC); 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 26.IV-10.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, old mixed forest with red and white spruce, red and white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC).

This common Holarctic species is found under bark of dead trees, usually coniferous species (Smetana 1971a). In New Brunswick, most specimens were found under bark of conifer logs or stumps and some under bark of hardwoods. Adults were also commonly captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Adults were collected in April, May, June, July, and August.

AK, YT, NT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1971a; Bishop et al. 2009). Quedius plagiatus was listed as occurring in New Brunswick by Majka et al. (2011) without any supporting references or data. Here, we provide the first documented records from New Brunswick.

New Brunswick, Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 10–11.VII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, mature red oak forest, u.v. light (2 ♂, 1 ♀, AFC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 14–28.VII.2011, 28.VII-9.VIII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (2, AFC, NBM). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8430°N, 66.7275°W, 14.IX.2004, 17.IX.2004, 25.IX.2004, 6.X.2005, R. P. Webster, regenerating mixed forest, baited with pile of decaying mushrooms (1 ♂, 5 ♀, NBM, RWC); same locality but 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 24.VI.2006, R. P. Webster, mature mixed forest, in gilled mushroom (1 ♂, RWC); same locality but 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 28.IX.2006, 29.VIII.2007, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in pile of corncobs and cornhusks (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).

This species appears to prefer decaying organic substances and has been found on carrion, under human feces (Smetana 1971a), and in fleshy fungi (Blatchley 1910). In New Brunswick, most specimens were found in decaying mushrooms and compost (pile of corncobs and cornhusks). Two individuals were captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in an old-growth northern hardwood forest. Adults were found in April, June, July, August, September, and October.

ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1971a; Bishop et al. 2009).

Additional New Brunswick records. Restigouche Co., Mount Atkinson, 447 m elev., 47.8192°N, 68.2618°W, 21.VII.2010, R. P. Webster, spruce and balsam fir forest (boreal forest), small shaded spring-fed brook with mossy margin, in wet moss (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8430°N, 66.7275°W, 8.X.2004, 6.X.2005, R. P. Webster, regenerating mixed forest, baited with pile of decaying mushrooms (1 ♂, 3 ♀, NBM, RWC); Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 18.X.2004, 6.IX.2005, 5.VIII.2005, 29.III.2006, 17.IX.2006, 26.IX.2007, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in pile of decaying (moldy) corncobs and cornhusks (4 ♂, 3 ♀, NBM, RWC); same locality data and collector but 17.IX.2006, mixed forest, in pile of decaying leaves (1 ♂, RWC).

In Europe, Quedius cinctususually occurs in decaying organic material, usually near human settlements (Smetana 1971a). In New Brunswick, specimens were similarly found in decaying organic material (decaying mushrooms, decaying corncobs and cornhusks, decaying leaves). One individual was found in wet moss along a cold, shaded brook. Adults were collected in April, July, September, and October.

ON, NB (Majka et al. 2009; Brunke and Marshall 2011). This adventive species was first reported from New Brunswick and Canada by Majka et al. (2009) from three specimens collected from a domestic pig carcass in Bouctouche (Kent Co.) in 2007. This species is probably well established in New Brunswick and likely occurs in the intervening areas between this province and Massachusetts (Framingham and Fall River, USA), where the species was first reported by Smetana (1971a) from North America.

New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Berry Brook P.N.A., 47.8140°N, 66.7578°W, 26.V.2007, R. P. Webster, old-growth eastern white cedar forest in moss and leaf litter near brook (4 ♂, 4 ♀, NBM, RWC); MacFarlane Brook P.N.A., 47.6018°N, 67.6263°W, 25.V.2007, R. P. Webster, old growth eastern white cedar forest in moss near brook (4 ♂, NBM, RWC); Mount Atkinson, 447 m elev., 47.8192°N, 68.2618°W, 23.VI.2010, R. P. Webster, spruce and balsam fir forest (boreal forest), small, shaded, spring-fed brook with mossy margin, in wet moss (1 ♂, RWC).

Relatively little was previously known about the habitat requirements of this species, although it appears that this species may be associated with moss and leaf litter near small streams and other wetlands. Smetana (1973, 1976) reported the species from leaf litter in a sphagnum bog, wet sphagnum (treading) along the margin of a large spring, and in leaf litter (sifting) along a small stream. In the Alberta Foothills forests, Quedius frigidus was considered to be a mature forest specialist (Pohl et al. 2007). Adults at the three New Brunswick localities were found in moss and leaf litter near brooks in old-growth eastern white cedar forests and a mature spruce and balsam fir forest on the north-facing slope of a hill. Adults were collected during May and June.

AK, NT, ON, NB, NF (Smetana 1973, 1976, 1978, 1981). Smetana (1971a, 1973) suggested that Quedius frigidus was a northern transcontinental species with glacial relic populations in southern areas at higher mountain elevations. The New Brunswick records indicate a more southerly distribution at low elevations in eastern Canada.