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The genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer from China, including 8 species, is reviewed. Two new species, Dicrotendipes nudus sp. n. and Dicrotendipes saetanumerosus sp. n. are described and the male imagines are illustrated; the record of Dicrotendipes fusconotatus (Kieffer) is the first for China. A key to the males of Dicrotendipes in China is given.
Chironomidae, Dicrotendipes, new species, key, China
The genus Dicrotendipes was erected by Kieffer in
In this paper, the Chinese material of Dicrotendipes is reviewed. Two new species are described, and a key to the Chinese species of Dicrotendipes is presented.
Materials and methodsThe morphological nomenclature follows
Abbreviations of parts measured are as follows:
TL Total length, Length of abdomen + length of thorax; Abdomen is measured from the concave anteriomedian margin of segment I to the apex of the gonostylus; the thorax is measured from the posterior margin of the postnotum to the anterior apex of the scutum in lateral view.
WL Wing length, measured from arculus to apex of wing.
Pfe Length of profemur.
AR Antennal ration, length of 11th / length of flagellomeres 1–10.
L: 5th/3 rdLength of the 5th Palpomere / length of the 3 rd Palpomere.
Ftu Length of frontal tubercle.
VR Venarum ration, length of Cubitus (Cu) / length of Media (M).
BV Length of (femur + tibia + ta1) / length of (ta2 + ta3 + ta4 + ta5)
LR Leg ration, length of ta1 / length of tibia.
SV Length of (femur + tibia) / length of ta1.
HR Hypopygium ration, length of gonocoxite / length of gonostylus.
HV Hypopygium value, total length / length of gonostylus times ten.
P1Fore leg.
P2 Mid leg.
P3 Hind leg.
fe femur.
ti tibia.
ta1…tantarsus1…tarsusn.
B Brachiolum.
R Radius.
R1 Radius 1 vein.
R4+5 Radius 4+5 vein.
Taxonomyhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Dicrotendipes_flexus
China, Hubei: 5♂♂, Wuhan City, Donghu Lake, 30°35.06’N, 114°22.42’E, 22.iv.1977, Wang SD sweeping method; Guangdong: 2♂♂, Fengkai County, Heishiding Nature Conservation Area, 23°29.14’N, 111°50.54’E, 18.iv.1988, Wang XH, light trap; Shandong: 1 ♂, Yantai City, Kunyu Mountain, 37°23.53’N, 121°36.42’E, 24.viii.1987, Wang XH, sweeping method.
Dicrotendipes flexus (Johannsen) closely resembles Dicrotendipes nervosus (Staeger) in the structure of hypopygium, but can be separated by the apparently disjunct distributions and fewer setae on R and R1, (21−26 in Dicrotendipes flexus, more than 35 in Dicrotendipes nervosus). All examined Chinese specimens comply with the description of
China (Hubei, Guangdong and Shandong Province); Australia; Japan; Indonesia.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Dicrotendipes_fusconotatus
China, Jiangxi: 5♂♂, Yongxiu County, Nanji Town, 28°56.42’N, 116°21.37’E, 12.vi.2004, Yan CC, light trap.
Chinese specimens mainly agree with the description of
China (Jiangxi Province); Belgium; Congo; Egypt; Israel; Kenya; Sudan; Zaire.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Dicrotendipes_nervosus
China, Jiangxi: 7♂♂, Yongxiu County, Nanji Town, 28°56.42’N, 116°21.37’E, 12.vi.2004, Yan CC, light trap; Ningxia: 3♂♂, Yinchuan City, 38°29.23’N, 106°13.19’E, Wang XH, light trap; Shandong: 2♂♂, Zaozhuang City, Baodugu Mountain, 34°59.11’N, 117°43.07’E, 28.v.1994, Wei MC, sweeping method; Tianjin: 6♂♂, Yuqiao Reservoir, 40°02.35’N, 117°27.01’E, 17.x.1987, Wang XH, light trap; Zhejiang: 1♂, Quzhou City, Yunxi village, 29°01.15’N, 118°56.51’E, 20.iv.2011, Lin XL, sweeping method.
China (Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Tianjin City); Brazil; Britain; Canada; Denmark; Germany; Japan; Netherlands; Korea; Sweden; Russia; USA.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0444659-611D-4DAB-BDD3-1AD246E9978F
http://species-id.net/wiki/Dicrotendipes_nudus
Figs 1−5R1 and R4+5 without seta; tergite IX without median seta; anal point with basal peduncle and bulbous ventral extension, 6−9 dorsal basal setae and 6 lateral setae.
Male imago (n = 18)
TL 2.65−3.20, 2.95 mm. WL 1.65−2.00, 1.82 mm. TL/WL 1.58−1.94, 1.72. WL/Pfe 2.14−2.43, 2.31.
Coloration.Head, thorax and abdominal tergite VI−IX brown, abdominal tergite I−V pale yellow; legs yellowish-brown.
Head. AR 1.85−2.12, 2.02. Temporal setae 10−16, 13. Clypeus with 12−19, 16 setae. Tentorium 100−163, 146 µm long, 20−35, 28 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 34−42, 35; 43−55, 48; 40-45; 108−130, 121; 130−148, 138; 163−215, 179. L: 5th/3 rd 1.35−1.67, 1.58. Frontal tubercle 10.20−17.50, 14.20 µm long, 5.00−7.50, 6.20 µm wide.
Wing (Fig. 1).Wing transparent, without markings. VR 1.11−1.16, 1.13. B 1−3, 2 setae; R with 7−11, 9 setae; R1 and R4+5 without seta. Squama with 4−6, 5 setae.
Thorax.Dorsocentrals 8−11, 10; acrostichals 4−5, 4; prealars 3−4, 4. Scutellum with 4−9, 7 setae.
Legs. Fore tibia with rounded scale lacking spur. Spurs on mid tibiae 23–25, 24 µm and 18−25, 20 µm long, including combs 26–32, 30 µm and 26–32, 30 µm long; spurs on hind tibia 22–32, 26 µm and 18−20, 19 µm long including combs 24–28, 26 µm and 22–25, 23 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 53−58, 55 µm, of mid tibia 50−55, 53 µm, of hind tibia 55−65, 59 µm. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs in Table 1.
Hypopygium(Figs 2−5). Anal point 40−60, 50 µm long, with basal peduncle and bulbous ventral extension, 6−9 dorsal basal setae and 6 lateral setae. Tergite IX without median setae; laterosternite IX with 3−4, 3 setae. Phallapodeme 95−103, 97 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 40−50, 45 µm long, laterally narrowed, medially broad, inverted U-shaped. Gonocoxite 142−165, 156 µm long. Superior volsella 83−92, 85 µm long, 23−27, 25 µm wide; digitiform with short ventral extension; with numerous micro setae and 3−4 short apical setae (Figs 4−5). Inferior volsella 128−155, 142 µm long; elongate, apex bulbiform, with 6−9, 8 apical setae in 2 rows. Gonostylus 150−195, 172 µm long; slightly curved medially, with 5−7, 6 apical setae along inner margin. HR 0.73−1.17, 0.82; HV 1.82−1.88, 1.85.
Holotype: 1♂, China, Hebei: Chicheng County, 40°54.16’N, 115°54.08’E, 21.vii.2001, Guo YH, light trap. Paratypes (17): Hebei: 2♂♂, Chicheng County, 40°54.16’N, 115°54.08’E, 21.vii.2001, Guo YH, light trap; Xinjiang: 5♂♂, Hebahe County, 48°04.30’N, 86°24.47’E, 15.vii.2002, Tang HQ, light trap; Zhejiang: 3♂♂, Ningbo City, 29°48.36’N, 121°34.53’E, 10.v.2010, Qi X, sweeping method; 1♂, Sanmen County, 29°05.55’N, 121°23.45’E, 28.vii.2010, Lin XL, sweeping method; 6♂♂, Tiantai County, Huading Mountain, 29°14.51’N, 121°06.31’E, 13.iv.2011, Lin XL, light trap.
The species name is from Latin, nudus, meaning bare, referring to R1 and R4+5 without seta, which is unique within the genus.
Dicrotendipes nudus closely resembles Dicrotendipes nervosus, but can be separated by R1 and R4+5 of Dicrotendipes nudus without seta; while in Dicrotendipes nervosus, R1 with 11−20, 15 setae, R4+5 with17−28, 22 setae.
The species is known from Hebei, Zhejiang Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.
Dicrotendipes nudus sp. n., male 1 wing 2 hypopygium (dorsal view ) 3 hypopygium (ventral view ) 4–5 superior volsella.
Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of Dicrotendipes nudus sp. n.
| P1 | P2 | P3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fe | 710−850, 788 | 670−790, 752 | 770−870, 818 |
| ti | 560−640, 600 | 570−710, 638 | 800−940, 870 |
| ta1 | 890−1050, 991 | 310−380, 338 | 490−560, 528 |
| ta2 | 380−460, 428 | 180−220, 197 | 260−300, 278 |
| ta3 | 310−380, 353 | 110−140, 127 | 210−240, 218 |
| ta4 | 240−300, 280 | 70−80, 77 | 110−130, 123 |
| ta5 | 130−150, 143 | 71−83, 77 | 90−100, 95 |
| LR | 1.59−1.75, 1.65 | 0.52−0.55, 0.53 | 0.59−0.64, 0.61 |
| BV | 1.89−2.04, 1.96 | 3.45−4.87, 3.84 | 3.06−3.19, 3.11 |
| SV | 1.32−1.43, 1.37 | 4.03−4.17, 4.11 | 3.08−3.29, 3.20 |
http://species-id.net/wiki/Dicrotendipes_pelochloris
China, Hainan: 2♂♂, Xinglong County, Huaqiao Farm, 18°43.27’N, 110°14.42’E, 21.v.1985, Wang XH, light trap; Hebei: 1♂, Qinhuangdao City, 39°55.53’N, 119°36.19’E, 4.vi.1985, Li HH, sweeping method; 3♂♂, Chicheng County, 40°54.16’N, 115°54.08’E, 21.vii.2001, Guo YH, light trap; Jiangxi: 2♂♂, Yongxiu County, Nanji Town, 28°56.42’N, 116°21.37’E, 12.vi.2004, Yan CC, light trap; Fujian: 11♂♂, Shanghang County, 25°02.32’N, 116°26.12’E, 6.v.1993, Wang XH, light trap; 2♂♂, Longyan City, 25°07.14’N, 117°02.20’E, 25.ix.2002, Liu Z, light trap; Guangxi: 4♂, Leye County, 24°47.30’N, 106°33.47’E, 24.vii.2004, Yu X, light trap; Guizhou: 2♂♂, Guiyang City, Huaxi, 26°24.32’N, 106°38.58’E, 23.vii.1995, Bu WJ, sweeping method; Taiwan: 2♂♂, Taibei City, 25°08.33’N, 121°36.57’E, 21.vii.2003, Wang XH, light trap.
The Chinese specimens mainly agree with the description by
China (Hainan, Hebei, Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region); Australia; India; Indonesia; Japan; Pakistan; Philippines; South Korea.
Differences between the specimens of China and of
| Chinese specimens | Description of |
|
|---|---|---|
| TL | 2.68−4.25, 3.55 mm | 3.74−4.40, 4.01 mm |
| WL | 1.38−2.43, 1.82 mm | 1.73−2.28, 1.96 mm |
| Ftu | 13−33, 19 µm | 16−26, 20 µm |
| AR | 1.91−2.44, 2.17 | 1.95−2.27, 2.09 |
| VR | 1.05−1.14, 1.10 | 0.81−0.92, 0.85 |
| LR1 | 1.58−1.84, 1.73 | 1.66−2.07, 1.86 |
| BV1 | 1.71−2.75, 1.87 | 1.78−1.98, 1.89 |
| BV2 | 3.66−4.27, 3.89 | 4.06−4.74, 4.22 |
| SV2 | 3.72−4.17, 3.97 | 3.98−4.38, 4.17 |
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8666895-7A48-41E0-8799-8B236E7FDDAD
http://species-id.net/wiki/Dicrotendipes_saetanumerosus
Figs 6−8Tergite IX with more than 30 median setae; anal point broad, bare; superior volsella pediform, with 11−16 lateral setae.
Male imago (n = 7)
TL 3.65−4.30, 3.82 mm. WL 1.80−2.30, 2.10 mm. TL/WL 1.87−2.03, 1.93. WL/Pfe 1.86−2.04, 1.96.
Coloration.Head, thorax and abdominal tergite VII−IX brown, abdominal tergite I−VI pale yellow; legs yellowish-brown.
Head. AR 2.38−2.55, 2.40. Temporal setae 19−22, 20. Clypeus with 16−20, 17 setae. Tentorium 120−155, 136 µm long, 26−35, 30 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 32−53, 45; 58−68, 62; 155−185, 167; 165−195, 172; 235−260, 241. L: 5th/3 rd 1.41−1.52, 1.46. Frontal tubercle 7.50−15.00, 10.00 µm long, 5.00−6.50, 5.52 µm wide.
Wing (Fig. 6).Wing transparent, without markings. VR 1.05−1.06, 1.05. B 2−3, 2 setae; R with17−20, 18 setae; R1 with 12−16, 14 setae; R4+5 with 17−19, 18. Squama with 4−9, 6 setae.
Thorax.Dorsocentrals 8−11, 10; acrostichals 9−16, 12; prealars 4−5, 4. Scutellum with 8−11, 9 setae.
Legs. Fore tibia with rounded scale lacking spur. Spurs on mid tibiae 23–28, 26 µm and 25−30, 26 µm long, including combs 20–23, 21 µm and 15–18, 16 µm long; spurs on hind tibia 23−28, 26 µm and 25−30, 27 µm long including combs 20–23, 21 µm and 15–18, 16 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 58−68, 60 µm, of mid tibia 58−73, 63 µm, of hind tibia 63−85, 70 µm. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs in Table 3.
Hypopygium(Figs 7−8). Anal point 40−50, 45 µm long, broad, bare. Tergite IX with more than 30 median setae; laterosternite IX with 2−4, 3 setae. Phallapodeme 90−115, 97 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 40−50, 45 µm long, laterally narrowed, medially broad, inverted U-shaped. Gonocoxite 165−230, 180 µm long. Superior volsella 68−77, 70 µm long, 38−68, 50 µm wide; pediform, with 11−16 lateral setae. Inferior volsella 138−163, 142 µm long; elongate, apex bulbiform, with 9−12, 10 apical setae in 2 rows. Gonostylus 180−195, 186 µm long; slightly curved medially, with 5−7, 6 apical setae along inner margin. HR 0.80−0.90, 0.82; HV 1.83−2.05, 1.87.
Holotype: 1♂, China, Shandong: Taian City, Tai Moutain 36°11.37’N, 117°08.13’E, 25.v.1994, Wang XH, light trap. Paratypes (8): Shandong: 1♂, Taian City, Tai Moutain, 36°11.37’N, 117°08.13’E, 25.v.1994, Wang XH, light trap; Hubei: 2♂♂, Shiyan City, Wudang Mountain, 32°30.22’N, 111°05.09’E, 16.vii.1997, Wang BX, light trap; Zhejiang: 5♂♂, Kaihua County, 29°05.57’N, 118°23.19’E, 13.iv.2011, Lin XL, light trap.
The species name is from Latin, saeta, meaning setae, numerosus, meaning numerous, referring to the tergite IX of the species with more than 30 setae, which is unique within the genus.
Dicrotendipes saetanumerosus sp. n. closely resembles Dicrotendipes tamaviridis Sasa, 1981 in the structure of hypopygium, but the new species Dicrotendipes saetanumerosus can be separated from Dicrotendipes tamaviridis on the basis of following points: (1) the anal point of Dicrotendipes saetanumerosus sp. n. is broad and not expanded apically, but the anal point of Dicrotendipes tamaviridis is slender and expanded apically; and (2) the tergite IX in Dicrotendipes saetanumerosus sp. n. has more than 30 median setae, while Dicrotendipes tamaviridis has nomedian setae and 8−9 setae in the base of anal point.
The species is known from Hubei, Shandong and Zhejiang Province of China.
Dicrotendipes saetanumerosus sp. n., male 6 wing 7 hypopygium (dorsal view ) 8 hypopygium (ventral view ).
Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of Dicrotendipes saetanumerosus sp. n.
| P1 | P2 | P3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fe | 970−1125, 1010 | 840−990, 890 | 950−1125, 1000 |
| ti | 750−780, 760 | 710−840, 750 | 970−1150, 1000 |
| ta1 | 1400−1600, 1500 | 390−470, 432 | 620−750, 674 |
| ta2 | 650−680, 660 | 220−270, 240 | 310−390, 350 |
| ta3 | 525−580, 550 | 150−180, 160 | 260−310, 280 |
| ta4 | 450−500, 470 | 90−120, 110 | 150−190, 170 |
| ta5 | 225−270, 240 | 70−90, 80 | 90−120, 115 |
| LR | 1.87−1.96, 1.92 | 0.55−0.58, 0.56 | 0.64−0.72, 0.66 |
| BV | 1.73−1.78, 1.76 | 3.48−3.66, 3.54 | 3.00−3.29, 3.14 |
| SV | 1.76−1.95, 1.83 | 2.47−2.76, 2.55 | 4.15−5.01, 4.26 |
http://species-id.net/wiki/Dicrotendipes_septemmaculatus
China, Hebei: 3♂♂, Qinhuangdao City, 39°55.53’N, 119°36.19’E, 4.vi.1985, Li HH, sweeping method; Guizhou: 2♂♂, Guiyang City, Huaxi, 26°24.32’N, 106°38.58’E, 23.vii.1995, Bu WJ, sweeping method; 1♂, Libo County, Maolan Town, 25°17.21’N, 108°04.28’E, 28.vii.1995, Bu WJ, sweeping method; Shandong: 1♂, Taian City, Tai Moutain, 36°11.37’N, 117°08.13’E, 25.v.1994, Wang XH, light trap; Taiwan: 3♂♂, Taibei City, 25°08.33’N, 121°36.57’E, 21.vii.2003, Wang XH, light trap; Yunnan: 1♂, Wuding County, Shishan Moutain, 25°31.58’N, 102°22.32’E, 8.vii.1986, Wang XH, sweeping method; 1♂, Eryuan County, 26°19.56’N, 100°02.03’E, 18.vii.1986, Wang XH, light trap; 2♂♂, Kunming City, 25°04.09’N, 102°42.14’E, Bu WJ, sweeping method; 2♂♂, Dali City, Yinqiao Town, 25°45.16’N, 100°07.31’E, 22.v.1996, Wang XH, sweeping method.
The wing spots are variable in Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus. They may be absent in teneral specimens, and the pair of spots in cell r4+5 is sometimes combined into one spot. The Chinese specimens have one spot in cell r4+5.
China (Hubei, Guizhou, Shandong, Taiwan and Yunnan Province); Algeria; Australia; Burma; Egypt; Bangladesh; India; Indonesia; Japan; Lebanon; Namibia; Nigeria; South Africa; Spain; Sundan; Uganda; Zimbabwe; Zaire.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Dicrotendipes_tamaviridis
China, Hubei: 3♂♂, Shiyan City, Wudang Mountain, 32°30.22’N, 111°05.09’E, 16.vii.1997, Wang BX, light trap; Gansu: 1♂, Dingxi City, Min County, 34°26.34’N, 104°02.20’E, 16.v.1993, Yang ZC, light trap; Shaanxi: 1♂, Liuba County, 33°37.16’N, 106°55.12’E, 2.vii.1994, Bu WJ, light trap; Zhejiang: 6♂♂, Kaihua County, 29°05.57’N, 118°23.19’E, 13.iv.2011, Lin XL, light trap.
China (Hubei, Gansu, Shaanxi and Zhejiang Province); Japan.
Differences between the specimens of China and of Japan
| Chinese specimens | Japanese specimens | |
|---|---|---|
| TL | 2.94−3.60 mm | 2.5−3.3 mm |
| Ftu | 7.5−10 µm | 3−10 µm |
| AR | 1.85−2.21 | 1.9−2.3 |
| VR | 1.12−1.14 | 0.81−0.92, 0.85 |
Key to males of the genus Dicrotendipes in China
| 1 | R4+5 without setae | Dicrotendipes nudus sp. n. |
| – | R4+5 with setae | 2 |
| 2 | Small, membranous, triangular flap-like appendages present near base of anal point | Dicrotendipes fusconotatus (Kieffer) |
| – | Base of anal point without appendages | 3 |
| 3 | Inferior volsella deeply bifid apically | Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus (Becker) |
| – | Inferior volsella with simple apex or apex bulbiform | 4 |
| 4 | Tergite IX with median setae | 5 |
| – | Tergite IX without median setae | 6 |
| 5 | Anal point sharply reflexed ventrad; tergite IX with 6−14 setae | Dicrotendipes pelochloris (Kieffer) |
| – | Anal point not sharply reflexed ventrad; tergite IX with more than 30 setae | Dicrotendipes saetanumerosus sp. n. |
| 6 | Wing with more than 35 setae on R & R1 | Dicrotendipes nervosus (Staeger) |
| – | Wing with less than 30 setae on R & R1 | 7 |
| 7 | Superior volsella with 3 short setae; cylindrical, curving outward; apex bare, expanded | Dicrotendipes flexus (Johannsen) |
| – | Superior volsella with 9−10 short setae; pediform, apex not expanded | Dicrotendipes tamaviridis Sasa |
Financial support from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y3100486, Y3110395), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant No. 30570207, J0630963) and Fauna of China (FY120100) are acknowledged with thanks. We also thank Xue Yu for measuring some specimens.