Catalogue |
Corresponding author: William Chamorro ( william.chamorro@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Andrey Frolov
© 2019 William Chamorro, Diego Marin-Armijos, Angélico Asenjo, Fernando Z. Vaz-De-Mello.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Chamorro W, Marin-Armijos D, Asenjo A, Vaz-De-Mello FZ (2019) Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records. ZooKeys 826: 1-343. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.826.26488
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The Ecuadorian territory is divided into four natural regions: the coastal lowlands, the Andean highlands, the Amazon basin, and the Galapagos Islands. Each of these regions has its own ecosystems and specific vegetation. The purpose of this work is to compile an updated catalog of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ecuador that includes distributional data and several nomenclatural acts. We compiled data from 25 scientific collections, with the examination of 13,550 scarabaeines; additionally, 390 bibliographic references were reviewed for their taxonomic histories. The Scarabaeinae fauna from Ecuador is represented by 33 genera and 223 species, with 45 range-restricted species; 27 species were erroneously recorded from the country. The following nomenclatural acts are made: (A) two new status as valid species: Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) ohausi Balthasar, 1939, stat. n., and Deltochilum (Calhyboma) arrowi Paulian, 1939 stat. n.; (B) one new synonym: Uroxys magnus Balthasar, 1940 = Uroxys latesulcatus Bates, 1891, syn. n.; (C) two revalidated names: Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum (Lucas, 1857) and Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) fortepunctatus (Luederwaldt, 1923); and (D) ten lectotypes designated for: Choeridium orbiculatum Lucas, 1857; Choeridium cupreum Blanchard, 1846; Canthidium coerulescens Balthasar, 1939; Canthon angustatus Harold, 1867; Canthon angustatus ohausi Balthasar, 1939; Deltochilum tessellatum Bates, 1870; Pinotus fortepunctatus Luederwaldt, 1923; Pinotus globulus Felsche, 1901; Uroxys latesulcatus Bates, 1891; and Uroxys magnus Balthasar, 1940. The type specimens related to the new nomenclatural acts are illustrated and the maps of the geographical distribution of all species are provided.
biomas, dung beetles, Neotropical region, taxonomic historic, type specimens
Ecuador is a country located in northern South America. It has an area of 283,561 km2 and geographically is divided into four natural regions: the coastal lowlands, the Andean highlands, the Amazon basin, and the Galapagos Islands. The Ecuadorean territory is politically divided into 24 provinces, and it has 72 types of natural ecosystems (
Scarab beetles from the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), commonly called dung beetles (in Spanish, “estercoleros”, “mierderos”, “peloteros”, or “ruedacacas”) can be found worldwide. Current estimates indicate there are more than 6500 species and 279 genera belonging to this group (Schoolmeesters et al. 2018). However, despite Ecuador’s impressive biodiversity, taxonomic research of scarab beetles in this region is scarce. Specific knowledge of Scarabaeinae is based entirely on a short list compiled by
There are several historical catalogs and checklists for Scarabaeinae that mention Ecuadorian taxa.
According to
Here we present an updated catalog of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) species of Ecuador based on an extensive literature search and the examination of more than 13,500 specimens belonging to 26 collections from 13 different countries. This work aims to compile an updated catalog of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ecuador, including distributional data and several nomenclatural changes.
This catalog reports two sets of data for each species. The first dataset includes species’ taxonomic history including bibliographical references (e.g., original description, type species for each genus, type locality for each species, nomenclatural changes, comments, etc.). Original description and type locality data, as well as original symbols and language are maintained as they were originally published. The second dataset consist of information about the type specimens and their original labels, species occurrence outside of Ecuador, collecting localities in Ecuador and phenological data, including habitat preferences and/or biomes. For the latter, we follow
Parenthesis () Comments on the type of bibliographic reference.
Brackets [] Used to emphasize orthographic errors written in past publications (for example, the synonym of Anomiopus [cited as Onomiopus]) or to add important comments.
Brackets and equal sign [=] Indicates a change made for a locality, year or author (for example Ega [= Tefé]).
Colon : (specifically for author, year) Separates the author and specifies the page where the bibliographic reference is written.
Semicolon ; Separates historical bibliographic references of genera and species, but also provinces and localities in the distribution section of each species.
Quotation marks “ ” Emphasize an old author’s name which is not available (for example, “Müller, 1764”). Also, it indicates label data (see Type specimens).
Comma , Separates information among labels used in the description of type specimens.
Slash / Separates lines used in the description of the type specimens.
p Represents data printed and used in the description of the type specimens.
hw Represents data handwritten and used in the description of the type specimens.
The material was kindly provided by several institutions and private collections as listed below (curators name and/or type records cited in bibliographical references are shown in parenthesis):
AMIC Colección Antonio Martínez, Rosario de Lerma, Argentina (see
CECC Colección de Escarabajos Coprófagos de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia (see
CEMT Setor de Entomologia da Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil (Fernando Vaz-de-Mello).
CFPL Colección Familia Pardo-Locarno, Palmira, Colombia (Luis Carlos Pardo Locarno).
CMNC Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada (François Génier), (see
CNCI Canadian National Insect Collection, Agriculture et Agroalimentaire, Ottawa, Canada, (see
CPFA Patrick Arnaud personal collection, Saintry-sur-Seine, France (see
FGIC F Génier Collection, Aylmer, Quebec, Canada (see
HAHC A and H Howden collection Ottawa, Canada (see
IAvH Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leiva, Colombia (see
IRSN Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium (Alain Drumont), (see
MACN Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina, formally know as Bernardino Rivadavia (Arturo Roig Alsina), (see
MECN Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Quito, Ecuador (Santiago Villamarín).
MEPN Colección Entomológica, Museo de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador (Vladimir Carvajal).
MGO-UCE Museo Laboratorio Gustavo Orces, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador (Fabiola Montenegro).
MLUH Wissenschaftsbereich Zoologie Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle, Germany (Karla Schneider).
MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (Olivier Montreuil and Antoine Mantilleri), (see
MQCAZ Museo de Zoología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica, Quito, Ecuador (Álvaro Barragán, Carlos Carpio and Fernanda Salazar), (see
MSMF Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany (Damir Kovac and Andrea Hastenpflug-Vesmanis), (see
MXAL Coleción privada Miguel Angel Morón, Xalapa, México, (see
MUTPL Museo de Zoología de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador (Diego Marín).
MZSP Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Sonia Casari), (see
NHML The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, formally known as the British Museum (Natural History) (Maxwell VL Barclay), (see:
NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria (see
NHRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. Sweden, Stockholm (Johannes Bergsten and Mattias Forshage, (see
MZc Mario Zunino private collection, Asti, Italy, (see
NMPC Narodní Muzeum, Praha, Czech Republic (Jirí Hajek), (see
OUMNH Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom (Darren J. Mann).
SMTD Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany (Klaus-Dieter Klass and Olaf Jaeger), (see
TAMU Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA (Edward G. Riley). (see
USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA (David Furth and Floyd Shockley), (see
ZMHB Naturshistorisches Museum Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany (Johannes Frisch and Joachim Willers, (see
ZMUC University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, København, Denmark (Alexey Solodovnikov).
ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, Germany (Michael Balke), (see
New lectotypes have been designated (Plates
Maps of the geographical distributions are provided for each species (Plates
A total of 13,550 scarabaeine specimens were analyzed from 26 scientific collections. We recorded a total of 223 species classified among 33 genera (Table
Genera | Number of species in Ecuador (this study) | Number of species worldwide (Schoolmeesters et al. 2018) |
---|---|---|
Anomiopus Westwood, 1842 | 3 | 60 |
Ateuchus Weber, 1801 | 5 | 98 |
Bdelyrus Harold, 1869 | 9 | 27 |
Bradypodidium Vaz-de-Mello, 2008 | 1 | 3 |
Canthidium Erichson, 1847 | 18 | 173 |
Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 | 20 | 160 |
Canthonella Chapin, 1930 | 3 (registered species, undescribed) | 17 |
Copris Geoffroy, 1762 | 2 | 251 |
Coprophanaeus d’Olsoufieff, 1924 | 8 | 50 |
Cryptocanthon Balthasar, 1942 | 6 | 38 |
Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 | 20 | 106 |
Dendropaemon Perty, 1830 | 2 | 41 |
Dichotomius Hope, 1838 | 20 | 171 |
Eurysternus Dalman, 1824 | 15 | 53 |
Eutrichillum Martínez, 1969 | 1 (registered species, undescribed) | 3 |
Gromphas Brullé, 1837 | 1 | 6 |
Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 | 2 | 3 |
Malagoniella Martínez, 1961 | 2 | 10 |
Megatharsis Waterhouse, 1891 | 1 | 1 |
Onoreidium Vaz-de-Mello, 2008 | 3 | 4 |
Ontherus Erichson, 1847 | 16 | 60 |
Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 | 24 | 2157 |
Oruscatus Bates, 1870 | 1 | 2 |
Oxysternon Castelnau, 1840 | 3 | 11 |
Phanaeus Macleay, 1819 | 9 | 61 |
Scatimus Erichson, 1847 | 7 | 12 |
Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 | 4 | 21 |
Sinapisoma Boucomont, 1928 | 1 (registered species, undescribed) | 1 |
Streblopus Lansberge, 1874 | 1 | 2 |
Sulcophanaeus d’Olsoufieff, 1924 | 3 | 15 |
Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 | 4 | 16 |
Trichillidium Vaz-de-Mello, 2008 | 1 | 4 |
Uroxys Westwood, 1842 | 12 | 58 |
(A). Two new species status: Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) ohausi Balthasar, 1939 stat. n., and Deltochilum (Calhyboma) arrowi Paulian, 1939, stat. n.
(B). One new synonym: Uroxys magnus Balthasar, 1940 = Uroxys latesulcatus Bates, 1891.
(C). Two revalidated names: Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum (Lucas, 1857) and Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) fortepunctatus (Luederwaldt, 1923).
(D). Ten new lectotypes designated: Choeridium orbiculatum Lucas, 1857; Choeridium cupreum Blanchard, 1846; Canthidium coerulescens Balthasar, 1939; Canthon angustatus Harold, 1867; Canthon angustatus ohausi Balthasar, 1939; Deltochilum tessellatum Bates, 1870; Pinotus fortepunctatus Luederwaldt, 1923; Pinotus globulus Felsche, 1901; Uroxys latesulcatus Bates, 1891 and Uroxys magnus Balthasar, 1940.
The following 45 species are currently known only from Ecuador:
Ateuchus ecuadorensis (Boucomont, 1928);
Ateuchus parvus (Balthasar, 1939);
Bdelyrus ecuadorae Cook, 2000;
Bdelyrus genieri Cook, 1998;
Bdelyrus parvoculus Cook, 1998;
Bdelyrus triangulus Cook, 1998;
Canthidium (Canthidium) flavum Balthasar, 1939;
Canthidium (Canthidium) opacum Balthasar, 1939;
Canthidium (Canthidium) pseudaurifex Balthasar, 1939;
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) inoptatum Balthasar, 1939;
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) luteum Balthasar, 1939;
Canthon (Canthon) delicatulus Balthasar, 1939;
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) subhyalinoides Balthasar, 1939;
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) conocephalus (d’Olsoufieff, 1924);
Cryptocanthon curticrinis Cook, 2002;
Cryptocanthon genieri Cook, 2002;
Cryptocanthon napoensis Cook, 2002;
Cryptocanthon otonga Cook, 2002;
Cryptocanthon urguensis Cook, 2002;
Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) arturoi Silva, Louzada & Vaz-de-Mello, 2015;
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) batesi Paulian, 1938;
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) rosamariae Martínez, 1991;
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) speciosissimum Balthasar, 1939;
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) provisorius (Luederwaldt, 1925);
Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) hempeli (Pereira, 1942);
Dichotomius (Selenocopris) fonsecae (Luederwaldt, 1926);
Onoreidium howdeni (Ferreira & Galileo, 1993);
Onoreidium ohausi (Arrow, 1931);
Ontherus (Caelontherus) hadros Génier, 1996;
Ontherus (Caelontherus) magnus Génier, 1996;
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) dicranoides Balthasar, 1939;
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) insularis Boheman, 1858;
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) lojanus Balthasar, 1939;
Scatimus cribrosus Génier & Kohlmann, 2003;
Scatimus furcatus Balthasar, 1939;
Scatimus onorei Génier & Kohlmann, 2003;
Scybalocanthon kaestneri (Balthasar, 1939);
Scybalocanthon maculatus (Schmidt, 1920);
Uroxys frankenbergeri Balthasar, 1940;
Uroxys latesulcatus Bates, 1891;
Uroxys lojanus Arrow, 1933;
Uroxys monstruosus Balthasar, 1940;
Uroxys ohausi (Balthasar, 1938);
Uroxys spaethi Balthasar, 1940; and
Uroxys sulai Balthasar, 1940.
Finally, 27 species were erroneously recorded from Ecuador:
Canthon (Canthon) cyanellus sallei Harold, 1863;
Canthon (Canthon) lituratus (Germar, 1813);
Canthon (Canthon) morsei Howden, 1966;
Canthon (Canthon) mutabilis Lucas, 1857;
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) rubrescens Blanchard, 1843;
Canthon (Goniocanthon) smaragdulus smaragdulus Fabricius, 1781;
Copris (Copris) incertus Say, 1835;
Copris (Copris) lugubris Boheman, 1858;
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) tumidum Howden, 1966;
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) femorale Bates, 1870;
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) parile Bates, 1887;
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) spinipes Paulian, 1938;
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) alyattes Harold, 1880;
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) horridus Felsche, 1911;
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) longiceps (Taschenberg, 1870);
Dichotomius (Luederwaltinia) carbonarius Mannerheim, 1829;
Eucranium cyclosoma Burmeister, 1861;
Ontherus (Ontherus) appendiculatus (Mannerheim, 1829);
Ontherus (Caelontherus) obliquus Génier, 1996;
Ontherus (Ontherus) sulcator (Fabricius, 1775);
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) clypeatus Blanchard, 1843;
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) incensus Say, 1835;
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) ophion Erichson, 1847;
Sulcophanaeus actaeon (Erichson, 1847);
Sulcophanaeus noctis (Bates, 1887);
Sylvicanthon candezei Harold, 1869; and
Sylvicanthon aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868).
Anomiopus Westwood, 1842: 59 (original description. Type species: Anomipus virescens Westwood, 1842 present designation).
Anomiopus:
Onthocharis Dejean, 1833: 144 (nom. nud.); 1837: 160 (nom. nud.);
Hypocanthidium Balthasar, 1938: 214 (original description. Type species: Hypocanthidium globulum Balthasar, 1938);
Onthocharis brevipes Waterhouse, 1891a: 350 (original description. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Ega [= Tefé]).
Onthocharis
brevipes
:
Anomiopus
brevipes
:
Onthocharis brevipes Waterhouse, 1891. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Ega, examined.
Holotype (♂): “Type [p, red margin]”, “[one face] Ega [opposite face] 56 / . / 84 [hw, light blue label]”, “Onthocharis / brevipes, / (Type) Waterh. [hw]”, “♂ / V.L.C.1999 [hw]”, “Anomiopus / brevipes ♂ / (Waterhouse, 1891) / V.L. Canhedo det. 1999 [p, black margin]”.
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Sacha Río Coca (
Collected in June.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region. The collection method is unknown.
Onthocharis intermedia Waterhouse, 1891a: 354 (original description. Type locality: Brazil, Amazons, Tapajos [= Rio Tapajós, Pará]).
Onthocharis
intermedia
:
Anomiopus
intermedius
:
Onthocharis intermedia Waterhouse, 1891. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Bras. Tapajos, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Onthocharis / intermedia / (Type) Waterh. [hw]”, “Bras / Tapajos [hw, light blue label]”, “Type [p, red margin]”, “♀ / V.L.C.1999 [hw]”, “Anomiopus / intermedius ♀ / (Waterhouse, 1891) / V.L. Canhedo 1999 [p, black margin]”.
Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Coca, 250 m (
Collected in May, June, and October.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 250–1100 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Onthocharis picta Harold, 1862: 398 (original description. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Ega [= Tefé]).
Onthocharis
picta
:
Anomiopus
pictus
:
Onthocharis picta Harold, 1862. The holotype is deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Harold, ex coll. R Oberthür). Locality: Ega [= Tefé], examined.
Holotype (unsexed specimen): “Type [hw]”, “Ega [hw]”, “picta / Harold [hw]”, “HOLOTYPE [p, red label, black margin]”, “Ex. Museo / E. Harold [p, black margin]”, “Museum Paris / ex. Coll. / R. Oberthur [p, black margin]”.
Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Parque Nacional Yasuni, Río Rumiyacu Pozo Apaika, 215 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in October.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 215 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods.
Ateuchus Weber, 1801: 10 (original description. Type species: Ateuchus histeroires Weber, 1801, by primary monotypy).
Ateuchus:
Ateuchus Fabricius, 1801: 54 (description. Type species: unnamed).
Choeridium Audinet-Serville, 1825: 356 (original description. Type species: Choeridium simplex Serville, 1825);
Choeridium aeneomicans Harold, 1868c: 82 (original description. Type locality: Brazil, S Paulo [= São Paulo de Olivença], Amazon).
Choeridium
aeneomicans
:
Ateuchus
aenomicans
:
Choeridium aeneomicans Harold, 1868. Three syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Harold, ex coll. R Oberthür and ex coll. HW Bates). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
ORELLANA: Bloque 31 Timara, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Villano (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in July and December.
Inhabits lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Choeridium connexum Harold, 1868a: 36 (characters in key), 55 (original description. Type locality: Ega [= Tefé]).
Choeridium
connexum
:
Ateuchus
connexus
:
Choeridium connexum Harold, 1868. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. R Oberthür and ex coll. HW Bates). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
ORELLANA: Parque Nacional Yasuní, Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 220 m USFQ (3 specimens CEMT).
Collected in June and July.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 220 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Choeridium ecuadorense Boucomont, 1928a: 191 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Balzapamba, Chimbo).
Choeridium
ecuadorense
:
Ateuchus
ecuadorensis
:
Choeridium ecuadorense Boucomont, 1928. Four syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. A. Boucomont). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Equateur [hw]”, “Ch. ecuadorense. / Bouc. [hw]”, “♂ [hw, discontinuos black margin]”, “MUSEUM PARIS / 1936 / COLL. A. BOUCOMONT [p]”, “Boucomont det. 1927 / choeridium / ecuadorense n. sp [hw and p]”, “Typus [p, pink label, black double margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Type [p]”, “Rosembery [hw]”, “♂ [hw, discontinuos black margin]” , “Fry Coll. / 1905.100. [p]”, [Equador / Chimbo [hw], “Boucomont det. 1927 / choeridium / ecuadorense n. sp [hw and p]”.
Syntype (♀): “Equateur [hw]”, “Typus [p, pink label, black double margin]”, “♀ [hw, discontinuos black margin]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1936 / COLL. A. BOUCOMONT.”.
Syntype (♀): “Equateur [hw]”, “Typus [p, pink label, black double margin]”, “♀ [hw, discontinuos black margin]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1936 / COLL. A. BOUCOMONT.”.
Only known from Ecuador.
BOLIVAR: Chimbo [= San José de Chimbo] (1 specimen MNHN). EL ORO: 3 km E de Abañin, 800 m (2 specimens CEMT); Uzhcurrumi 500 m (2 specimens CEMT). LOS RÍOS: Estación Biologica Río Palenque, 220 m (28 specimens CEMT). MANABÍ: Cabo Pasado, 0 m (9 specimens CEMT); El Carmen (2 specimens CEMT). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 10 m (82 specimens CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: 7 km road to Quevedo, 550 m (1 specimen CEMT); Puerto Limón, 400 m (3 specimens CEMT). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (3 specimens MNHN).
BOLIVAR: Chimbo (
Collected in March, May, June, August, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests, coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 0–800 m a.s.l. Species was collected with pitfall traps baited with human and pig feces.
Choeridium parvum Balthasar, 1939a: 49 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Choeridium
parvum
:
Ateuchus
parvus
:
Choeridium parvum Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Balthasar). Locality: Quevedo, examined.
Holotype (♂): “W. ECUADOR / Quevedo A.M. / Jan. 08 F.v. B [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Choeridium / parvum / n. sp / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [hw and p]”, “parvum m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOS RÍOS: CCRP [= Estación Biológica Río Palenque] (18 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens CEMT); Quevedo (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in January, February, March, June, July, August, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests at 45 m a.s.l. Species was collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Choeridium scatimoides Balthasar, 1939a: 47 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Loja, Ost-Cordill., Sabavilla [= Sabanilla, currently El Tambo]).
Choeridium
scatimoides
:
Ateuchus
scatimoides
:
Choeridium scatimoides Balthasar, 1939. Type material not examined.
Colombia and Ecuador.
ORELLANA: El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Parque Nacional Yasuní, Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 220 m USFQ (1 specimen CEMT); Río Tiputini Yasuni Res. (1 specimen CEMT); Yampuna (1 specimen MQCAZ); Yuturi (1 specimen MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 810 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MUTPL; 1 specimen MGO-UC); Pandanuque, 420 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: La Selva Bio Station, 175 km ESE del Coca (1 specimen MQCAZ). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor, conseción El Colibri, 1530 m (2 specimens MEPN); PN Podocarpus Bombuscaru, 1150 m (1 specimen MECN); Tundayme campamento Mirador, La Mina 1320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, San Marcos, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
LOJA: Ost-Cordill., Sabavilla [= Sabanilla, El Tambo, ZAMORA CHINCHIPE] (
Collected in January, February, March, May, July, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 420–1300 m a.s.l. Species was collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Bdelyrus Harold, 1869a: 97 (original description. Type species: Bdelyrus lagopus Harold, 1869 by monotypy).
Bdelyrus:
Bdelyrus ecuadorae Cook, 2000: 560 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Santa Jnéz [= Santa Inés]).
Bdelyrus
ecuadorae
:
Bdelyrus ecuadorae Cook, 2000. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. R Oberthür and ex coll. A Boucomont). Locality: Santa Jnéz [= Santa Inés], examined.
Holotype (♂): “Bdelyrus n.sp. / det. J.
Only known from Ecuador.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Santa Jnéz [= Santa Inés] (1 specimen MNHN).
It is not known when this species was collected.
The habitat requirements and collection methods are unknown.
Bdelyrus genieri Cook, 1998: 646 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo Jatun Sacha, Biological Station).
Bdelyrus
genieri
:
Bdelyrus genieri Cook, 1998. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the FGIC (
Only known from Ecuador.
NAPO: Cotundo, 1100 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ORELLANA: Dayuma Río Rumiyacu, 290 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Onkone Gare Bloque 16 km 38.5, Parque Nacional Yasuni (1 specimen MUTPL); Pozo Záparo, 10 km NE road to Maxus Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); road to Maxus km 80 Reserva Étnica Huaorani, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); road to Maxus km 117 Iro, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Parque Nacional Yasuni, 220 m (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 570 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Cuenca Villano, Río Villano, cabeceras, 800 m, Oleoducto km 25 (1 specimen MUTPL); Chuyayacu, río Acaro Oñampare, 515 m (1 specimen MUTPL); La Independencia (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Cascales Rio Bermejo comuna Etza, 350 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Cuyabeno Tarapoa, Pueblo Aguas Negras 240 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, Tapi 265 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO: Jatun Sacha, Biological Station, 21 km east of Puerto Napo (
Collected in January, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 240–1100 m a.s.l. Collected using both beat-sheet and canopy fogging methods.
Bdelyrus grandis Cook, 1998: 649 (original description. Type locality: Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia).
Bdelyrus
grandis
:
Bdelyrus grandis Cook, 1998. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CNCI (
Paratype (sex unknown): “ECUADOR / NAPO Cuyabeno / IV – 1986 / legit G. Onore [hw and p, blak margin]”, “PARATYPE / Bdelyrus / grandis Cook [p, yellow label]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
SUCUMBÍOS: Cascales Río Bermejo Comunidad ETZA, 350 m (1 specimen CEMT); Cuyabeno (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in April and August.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 350 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods.
Bdelyrus howdeni Cook, 1998: 651 (original description. Type locality: Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia).
Bdelyrus
howdeni
:
Bdelyrus howdeni Cook, 1998. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (ex coll. H. Howden), (see
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: El Coca (2 specimens CEMT); Pozo Apaica, 220 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Capirón-Río Piraña road to Maxus km 38, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Rumiyacu, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res. (1 specimen CEMT); road Auca-Dayuma Río Tiputini, 350 m (1 specimen CEMT); road to Maxus km 80, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (1 specimen CEMT); road to Maxus km 117 Iro, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Záparo road to Maxus km 90, 245 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: B. P. Oglán, 550–655 m (2 specimens CEMT); Chuyayacu (2 specimen MUTPL); Río LLiquino Comunidad Villano, 420 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Río Villano cabeceras, Oleoducto km 25, 800 m (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Río Coca-Río Supayacu, 380 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO: 20 km south of Tena, 600 m (
Collected in January, June, July, August, September, and October.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–800 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods.
Bdelyrus lobatus Cook, 1998: 645 (original description. Type locality: Peru, Huánuco).
Bdelyrus
lobatus
:
Bdelyrus lobatus Cook, 1998. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (ex coll. H. Howden), (see
Ecuador and Peru.
PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 575 m (1 specimen CEMT); La Independencia, 1090 m (2 specimens CEMT).
Collected in July and November.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 575–1090 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods.
Bdelyrus parvoculus Cook, 1998: 640 (original description, Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, El Reventador).
Bdelyrus
parvoculus
:
Bdelyrus parvoculus Cook, 1998. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MQCAZ. Locality: El Reventador, examined.
Holotype (♂): “ECUADOR II. 88 / NAPO / El REVENTADOR / Legit: G. ONORE [hw and p, black margin]”, “HOLOTYPE / Bdelyrus / parvoculus Cook [p, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
NAPO [= SUCUMBÍOS]: El Reventador (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in February.
It is possible that this species may occur in the Andean evergreen high montane forests. The collection method is unknown.
Bdelyrus pecki Cook, 1998: 652 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, 25 km N of Puyo).
Bdelyrus
pecki
:
Bdelyrus pecki Cook, 1998. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the HAHC (ex. coll. H. Howden) (see
Paratype (sex unknown): “ECUADOR / NAPO / HOLLIN 1100m / 7–12–91 / F.CACERES [p]”, “PARATYPE Bdelyrus / pecki Cook [p, yellow label]”.
Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
NAPO: Pacto Sumaco, 1620 m (2 specimens MUTPL). Reventador (2 specimens CEMT); Sc Reventador, 1100 m (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Reventador (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas conseción El Zarza, Cordillera del Cóndor, 1530 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO: km 7.3 road Sarayacu-Loreto, 1200 m (
Collected in January, May, June, July, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests and evergreen lower montane forests of the Amazon region from 1000–1620 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and canopy fogging methods.
Aphengium semi-nudum Bates, 1887: 42 (original description. Type locality: Nicaragua, Chontales; Panama, Volcán de Chiriquí).
Aphengium
seminudum
:
Bdelyrus
seminudum
:
Bdelyrus
seminudus
:
Aphengium seminudum Bates, 1887. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. R Oberthür and ex coll. HW Bates). Locality: V de Chiriqui, examined.
Lectotype (♂): “Aphengium / seminudum Bates / lectotype dets.J.
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
PICHINCHA: Bosque Protector Milpe-Río Pachijal, 1200 m (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MUTPL); Puerto Quito, 750 m (1 specimen CEMT); Río Guayllabamba Guayabilla-Manduriacus, 520 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
PICHINCHA: Pto. Quito (
Collected in April, June, October, and December.
Inhabits coastal evergreen foothill forests from 500–1200 m a.s.l. Species was collected with beat-sheet collecting and canopy fogging methods.
Bdelyrus triangulus Cook, 1998: 660 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, Sunka).
Bdelyrus
triangulus
:
Bdelyrus triangulus Cook, 1998. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the MQCAZ. Locality: Napo [= Orellana] Sunka, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Ex: Hojarasca / Bosque Alto [hw]”, “ECUADOR / NAPO: SUNKA / 29-I-89 / Legit SANDOVAL”, “HOLOTYPE / Bdelyrus / triangulus Cook [p, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
NAPO [= ORELLANA]: Sunka (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in January.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 300 m a.s.l. According to
Bradypodidium Vaz-de-Mello, 2008: 18 (original description. Type species: Trichillum bradyporum Boucomont, 1928 by original designation).
Bradypodidium:
Trichillum bradyporum Boucomont, 1928a: 188 (original description. Type locality: Costa Rica, Hamburg Farm Reventezon Riv., Prov. Santa Clara).
Trichillum
bradyporum
:
Pedaridium
bradyporum
:
Bradypodidium
bradyporum
:
Trichillum bradyporum Boucomont, 1928. The holotype (sex unknown) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Costa Rica and Ecuador.
ESMERALDAS: Tangareal, 125 m (1 specimen CEMT).
ESMERALDAS: 11 km SE San Lorenzo La Chiquita, 5 m (
Collected in March and April.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests from 5–125 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods.
Canthidium Erichson, 1847: 109 (original description. Type species: Canthidium thalassinum Erichson, 1847 by subsequent designation of Martínez et al. 1964: 161).
Canthidium:
Pleronyx Lansberge, 1874a: 12 (original description. Type species Pleronyx dimidiatus Lansberge, 1874);
Eucanthidium Martínez & Halffter, 1986: 30 (original description. Type species: Choeridium cupreum Blanchard, 1846), 31 (list of species of the Neotropical region);
Canthidium (Canthidium) s. str. Erichson, 1847: 109 (original description. Type species: Canthidium thalassinum Erichson, 1847);
Canthidium aurifex Bates, 1887: 48 (original description. Type locality: Panama, Bugaba [= Bugabá]).
Canthidium
aurifex
:
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) aurifex
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) aurifex
:
Canthidium aurifex Bates, 1887. One syntype examined deposited at the NHML. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Panama.
LOS RÍOS: Río Palenque, 200 m (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests at 200 m a.s.l. Collection method is unknown.
Canthidium flavum Balthasar, 1939c: 125 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Kordillieren).
Canthidium
flavum
:
Canthidium flavum Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Balthasar). Locality: Loja Ostcordill, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Loja Ostcordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 2. 10. 05”, “Canthidium / flavum n. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det [p and hw]”, “SEM [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 26 236 / Inv. [p and hw, orange label]”, “flavum / m. [hw, green label, black margin]’, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA: Sabanilla [= Sabanilla, El Tambo, ZAMORA CHINCHIPE] (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in October.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region. Collection method is unknown.
Canthidium funebre Balthasar, 1939c: 125 (original description. Type locality: Holländisch Guyane, Gebiet des Lucia-Flusses).
Canthidium
funebre
:
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) funebre
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) funebre
:
Canthidium funebre Balthasar, 1939. The holotype is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Balthasar). Locality: Surinam (Holländisch Guyane, Gebiet des Lucia-Flusses), examined.
Holotype (sex unknown): “Suriname-Exped. / Lucie-riv.-Gebied / VII-VIII. 1926 [p]”, “TYPUS [p, red label, black margin]”, “C. funebre / n. sp. m / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “funebre / m [hw, green label, blak margin]”, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Colombia, Ecuador, Surinam, and Venezuela.
SUCUMBÍOS: Tarapoa Campo Marian, Plataforma Fanny 18B60, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in June.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 245 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Canthidium hespenheidei Howden & Young, 1981: 92 (original description. Type locality: Panama, Panama Prov., Cerro Campana 850 m).
Canthidium
hespenheidei
:
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) hespenheidei
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) hespenheidei
:
Canthidium hespenheidei Howden & Young, 1981. The holotype is deposited at the CMNC (ex coll. H. Howden) (see
Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
PICHINCHA [= LOS RÍOS]: 47 km S de Santo Domingo Río Palenque, 215 m (
Collected in February and June.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 215–1310 m a.s.l. According to
Canthidium macroculare Howden & Gill, 1987: 215 (original description. Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, La Fortuna Dam).
Canthidium
macroculare
:
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) macroculare
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) macroculare
:
Canthidium macroculare Howden & Gill, 1987. The holotype is deposited at the CMNC (ex coll. H Howden) (see
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Panama.
LOS RÍOS: Estación Biológica Río Palenque, 220 m (18 specimens MQCAZ).
PICHINCHA [= LOS RÍOS]: 47 km S of Sto Domingo [= Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas], Río Palenque, 700 m (
Collected in February, May, and July.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 220–700 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces and flight interception traps.
Onthophagus muticus Boheman, 1858: 48 (original description. Type locality: Insula Ohau, Honolulu).
Onthophagus
muticus
:
Canthidium
muticum
:
Onthophagus muticus Boheman, 1858. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NRMS. Locality: Honolulu, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Hono- / lulu. [p]”, “Kimb [p]”, “Type [p]”, “muticum . Bhm [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “129 / 62 [p and hw, red label]”, “Canthidium / muticum / Boh. [hw]”, “ 3980 / E92 + [p, blue label]”, “muticum Boh. [hw]”, “HOLOTYPE ♀ [hw, red label]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
EL ORO: Arenillas, 15 m (126 specimens CEMT); Reserva Biológica Arenillas, 325 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in April and June.
Inhabits coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests from 15–325 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces and light traps. The distribution of this species is limited to the lowland semi-deciduous forests of the Pacific coast of Ecuador and Colombia.
According to
Onthophagus onitoides Perty, 1830: 41 (original description. Type locality: Brazilia australi, Prov. S Pauli.).
Canthidium
onitoides
:
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) onitoides
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) onitoides
:
Choeridium
trituberculatum
Lucas, 1857: 102 (original description);
Onthophagus onitoides Perty, 1830. One syntype examined deposited at the ZSM. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Choeridium trituberculatum Lucas, 1857. The holotype is deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Perou Rio Ucayali, examined.
Holotype (sex unknown): “10 / 47 [hw]”, “Perou / Rio. / Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10-1847 [hw]”, “Choeridium / trituberculatum / Luc. [hw]”, “HOLOTYPE [p, red label, black margin]”.
Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador.
ORELLANA: Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 215 m (1 specimen MUTPL); road to Maxus km 90 Zaparo, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 950 m (3 specimens MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Pacayacu Campo Libertador Tapi, 265 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
PASTAZA: Sarayacu (
Collected in January, April, July, October, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 215–950 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces and canopy fogging methods.
Canthidium opacum Balthasar, 1939c: 133 (original description. Type locality: Süd-Ecuador).
Canthidium
opacum
:
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) opacum
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) opacum
:
Canthidium opacum Balthasar, 1939. The holotype is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Balthasar). Locality: Landangui, examined.
Holotype (sex unknown): “S. ECUADOR / Landangui EW [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Canthidium / opacum / n. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “opacum / m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
Loja: Landangui (1 specimen NMPC).
It is not known when this species was collected.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region. Collection method unknown.
Choeridium orbiculatum Lucas, 1857: 103 (original description. Type locality: Sarayacu).
Choeridium
orbiculatum
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum
:
Chæridium cupreum Blanchard, 1846: 169 (original description. Type locality: province de Valle Grande [= Bolivia]).
Canthidium
cupreum
:
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) cupreum
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) cupreum
:
Canthidium
aureolum
Harold, 1867b: 83 (original description);
Canthidium
nitidum
“Harold, 1867”a: 35 (original description); 1867b: 83 (synonym of Canthidium aureolum Harold, 1867b);
Choeridium orbiculatum Lucas, 1857. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) and four paralectotypes are deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Pérou Rio. Ucayali, examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “10 / 47 [hw]”, “Choeridium / orbiculatum, / Luc. [hw]”, “Canthidium / Det. J. Huijbregts 198 [p]”, “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 – 47 [hw]”, “Choeridium / orbiculatum Lucas / syntype HI 1983 [hw, red label]”, “C. orbiculatum / Lucas [hw, green label]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Choeridium / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♂): “Choeridium / orbiculatum, / Luc. [hw]”, “10 / 47 [hw]”, “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 – 47 [hw]”, “SYNTYPE [p, red label]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Choeridium ♂ / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 – 47 [hw]”, “10 / 47 [hw]”, “SYNTYPE [p, red label]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Choeridium ♀ / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♂): “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 – 47 [hw]”, “10 / 47 [hw]”, “SYNTYPE [p, red label]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Choeridium ♂ / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “10 / 47 [hw]”, “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 – 47 [hw]”, “SYNTYPE [p, red label]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Choeridium ♀ / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Choeridium cupreum Blanchard, 1846. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) is deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Valle Grande, Santa Cruz. Examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “G3 14 / 84 [hw]”, “MUSEUM PARIS / SANTA-CRUZ / (VALLE GRANDE) / D’Orbigny 1834 [p]”, “C. Cupreum / Blanch. / Valle-Grande / M. D’Orbigny. [hw, green label]”, “Choeridium / cupreum Blanchard / .J. Huijbregts 1983 det [hw and p]”, “LECTOTYPE [p]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Choeridium / cupreum / Blanch. / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Canthidium aureolum Harold, 1867. Location of syntypes unknown, possibly deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Harold), (see
Canthidium nitidum Harold, 1867. Type material not examined.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 220 m (5 specimens CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (9 specimens CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Comunidad Cofanes Río Zábalo, 280 m (1 specimen CEMT); Limoncocha (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in February, May, June, July, August, September, October, and November.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–390 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Canthidium pseudaurifex Balthasar, 1939c: 136 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Los Rios).
Canthidium
pseudaurifex
:
Canthidium pseudaurifex Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Babahoyo. Examined.
Holotype (♂): “Babahoyo / 7. 05 O. v. B. [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “C. pseudauri- / fex n. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [hw and p]”, “pseudaurifex / m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
ESMERALDAS: Calle Mansa (2 specimens CEMT); Chispero (2 specimens CEMT); Colón del Ónzole (6 specimens CEMT); Gualpi (1 specimen CEMT); Padre Santo, Playa de Oro (6 specimens CEMT); Palma Real (2 specimens CEMT). IMBABURA: Río Guayllabamba alrededores de Pacto, 700–1150 m (2 specimens CEMT). LOS RÍOS: Babahoyo (1 specimen NMPC); Río Palenque Station (15 specimens CEMT). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 50 m (70 specimens CEMT).
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 50–1150 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human and pig feces.
Canthidium rufinum Harold, 1867b: 79 (original description. Type locality: Columbien [= Colombia], Costa Rica, und Bogotá, auch vom oberen Amazonenstrom).
Canthidium
rufinum
:
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) rufinum
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) rufinum
:
Canthidium rufinum Harold, 1867. Six syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Harold, ex coll. HW Bates and ex coll. R Oberthur). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador.
ORELLANA: Río Tiputini, Parque Nacional Yasuní 250 (1 specimen CEMT); Yasuní (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 300 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in August and November.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 250–300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion.
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) Martínez, Halffter & Pereira 1964: 166 (original description. Type species: Neocanthidium bokermanni Martínez, Halffter & Pereira, 1964 by original designation).
Canthidium (Neocanthidium):
Canthidium centrale Boucomont, 1928b: 203 (original description. Type locality: Panama, Chiriqui, Guyane française: St-Jean du Maroni, St-Laurent du Maroni, Guyane hollandaise, Surinam).
Canthidium
centrale
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) centrale
:
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) centrale
:
Neocanthidium
martinezi
Edmonds & Halffter, 1978: 319 (original description);
Canthidium centrale Boucomont, 1928. The holotype (sex unknown) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Neocanthidium martinezi Edmonds & Halffter, 1978. Type material not examined.
Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, and Mexico.
ESMERALDAS: Majua (1 specimen CEMT); Playa de Oro (1 specimen CEMT); Pote (1 specimen CEMT). LOS RÍOS: Río Palenque Station (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in February and March.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Canthidium coerulescens Balthasar, 1939c: 117 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Ostcordillieren, Teremotillo, Jivaria, Santa Inéz [= Santa Inés]).
Canthidium
coerulescens
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) coerulescens
:
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) coerulescens
:
Canthidium coerulescens Balthasar, 1939. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) and one paralectotype are deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Balthasar). Locality: Jivaria, examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “O. Ecuador / Jivaria / 17 12. 05 F. Ohs.S. [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthidium / coerulescens / Balth. / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♂): “O. Ecuador / Jivaria / 17 12. 05 F. Ohs.S. [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Canthidium ♂ / coerulescens Balth / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2013 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
SUCUMBÍOS: Río Azuela Reventador, 1720 m (1 specimen CEMT); La Sofía, 1800 m (2 specimens MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: Baños El Topo, 1590 m (6 specimens CEMT; 8 specimens MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Chito Río San Francisco, 1800 m (2 specimens MUTPL); RVS El Zarza conseción El Zarza, campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor, 1710 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador Jardín Botánico, 925 m (1 specimen CEMT); Tundayme campamento Mirador Escombrera Norte, 1225 m (2 specimens).
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Teremotillo (
Collected in January, February, May, August, September, and December.
Inhabits lower montane forests and in the montane cloud forests of the Andean regions from 1710–1800 m a.s.l. It was also registered in the evergreen foothill forests and evergreen lower montane forests in the Amazon region from 925–1700 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
The lectotype is here designated and illustrated (♂ deposited at the NMPC, Plate
Canthidium escalerai Balthasar, 1939c: 121 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Canthidium
escalerai
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) escalerai
:
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) escalerai
:
Canthidium escalerai Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Balthasar). Locality: Ecuador, Bucay, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “C. escalerai / n. sp. m. / Dr. V. Balthasar det [p and hw]”, “escalerai / m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “Bucay 300 m / F. Ohs. 23. 6. 05 [p]”, “W. Ecuador / Pucay / F. Ohaus S. [p]”, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
GUAYAS: Pucay [= Bucay] (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in June.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests at 300 m a.s.l. Collection method unknown.
Canthidium haroldi Preudhomme de Borre, 1886: 111 (original description. Type locality: Nicaragua).
Canthidium
haroldi
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) haroldi
:
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) haroldi
:
Canthidium haroldi Preudhomme de Borre, 1886. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the IRSN (ex coll. E. Candeze). Locality: Nicaragua, examined.
Holotype (♂): “Canth. Haroldi / De Borre Type [hw]”, “Haroldi / P. [illegible] Borre / Type / Nicarag. J [hw, green margin]”, “Collection / E. CANDEZE [p, black margin]”, “TYPE [p, pink label, black margin]”, “Type [p, black margin]”, “HOLOTYPE ♂ [p and hw, red label, black margin]”, “Canthidium / haroldi / rev. Preudh [p and hw]”.
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Habitat and collection methods are unknown.
Canthidium inoptatum Balthasar, 1939c: 130 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Canthidium
inoptatum
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) inoptatum
:
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) inoptatum
:
Canthidium inoptatum Balthasar, 1939. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MSMF and NMPC. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♀): “Ecuador / Catamayo / Ohaus S. [p]”, “Senckember / Museum [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Canthidium / inoptatum / n. sp. m / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “[one face, p] Typus [oposite face, hw] SMF C / 16818”.
Syntype (♀): “W.ECUADOR / Huigra / Dr. Davis [p]”, “Moser determ. [p] / Canthidium sp. [hw]”, “Senckenberg / Museum [p]”, “Typus [red label, black margin]”, “inoptatum [hw, green label, black margin]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
CHIMBORAZO: Huigra (1 specimen MSMF). LOJA: Catamayo (1 specimen MSMF). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Jivaria (1 specimen NMPC).
It is not known when this species was collected.
Habitat and collection methods are unknown.
Canthidium lentum Erichson, 1847: 109 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
Canthidium
lentum
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) lentum
:
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) lentum
:
Canthidium lentum Erichson, 1847. One syntype examined deposited at the NMHU. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
French Guiana, Peru, and Ecuador.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Habitat and collection methods unknown.
Canthidium luteum Balthasar, 1939c: 132 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Canthidium
luteum
:
Canthidium (Canthidium) luteum
:
Canthidium (Neocanthidium) luteum
:
Canthidium luteum Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Loja Ostcordill, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Loja Ostcordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 2. 10. 05 [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “/ Canthidium / luteum n. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “luteum m. [hw, green label, black margin]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA: Ostcordill. Sabanilla [= Sabanilla El Tambo ZAMORA CHINCHIPE] (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in October.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region. The collection method is unknown.
Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817: 38 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus pilularius, Linnaeus, 1758 subsequent designation by Paulian, 1939).
Canthon:
Coprobius Latreille, 1829: 535 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus volvens Fabricius, 1792 subsequent designation by Reiche, 1841);
Coeloscelis Reiche, 1841: 213 (original description. Type species: Coeloscelis coriaceus Reiche, 1841 nomen dubium, by original designation. See
Paedhyboma Kolbe, 1893: 191 (original description. Type species: Canthon aberrans Harold, 1868 by primary monotypy);
Canthomoechus Pereira & Martínez, 1959: 165 (original description. Type species: Canthon quadratus Blanchard, 1846 by original designation);
Canthon (Canthon) s. str. Hoffmannsegg, 1817: 38 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus pilularius, Linnaeus, 1758); Canthon
Deltochilum aberrans Harold, 1868d: 8 (original description. Type locality: Columbia [= Colombia]).
Deltochilum
aberrans
:
Paedhyboma
aberrans
:
Canthon
aberrans
:
Canthon (Canthon) aberrans
:
Canthon
bifurcatus
Robinson, 1948a: 37 (original description);
Canthon
juanae
Martínez, 1949b: 176 (original description);
Deltochilum aberrans Harold, 1868. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Harold and R Oberthur). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Canthon bifurcatus Robinson, 1948. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the USNM. Locality: Merida Venezuela. Examined.
Holotype (♀): “Merida / Venezuela [p]”, “♀ [p]”, “TypeNo / 65620 / U S N M [p and hw, red label]”, “M.Robinson / Collection / 1959 [p]”, “HOLOTYPE / Canthon / bifurcatus / Mark Robinson [p]”.
Canthon juanae Martínez, 1949. The holotype (♂) is deposited in the AMIC (see
Two paratypes are deposited in CEMT. Examined.
Paratype (♀): “BOLIVIA / Dep. La Paz / Pcia. Nor Yungas / Ríos Carioco, Choro / Dalen 700 mts. / Coll. Martínez / Ene-949 [hw]”, “PARATIPO ♀ [hw, green label, black margin]”, “Canthon / juanae ♀ / sp.n. / A. MARTÍNEZ-DET.1949 [p and hw, green label, black margin]”.
Paratype (♂): “BOLIVIA / Dep. La Paz / Pcia. Nor Yungas / Ríos Carioco, Choro / Dalen 700 mts. / Coll. Martínez / Ene-949 [hw]”, “PARATIPO ♂ [hw, green label, black margin]”, “Canthon / juanae ♂ / sp.n. / A. MARTÍNEZ-DET.1949 [p and hw, green label, black margin]”.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
COTOPAXI: Bosque Integral Otonga, 1300 m (3 specimens CEMT; 152 specimens MQCAZ); La Mana (5 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Junín La Mina (7 specimens MQCAZ). EL ORO: Piñas, 1200 m (18 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Los Ajos (8 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Palma Real (19 specimens MQCAZ; 10 specimens MECN); San Francisco, 20 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Ricuaute (7 specimens MQCAZ; 1 specimen MECN); Santa Rita (3 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: El Carmen, 600 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). MORONA SANTIAGO: Alshi 9 de Octubre, Rio Upano, 1500 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Gualaquiza (3 specimens MQCAZ); Limón Indanza (2 specimens MQCAZ); Macas, 1000 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: Archidona (4 specimens MQCAZ); Cosanga (7 specimens MQCAZ); El Reventador (1 specimen MUTPL); El Reventador, Cascada de San Rafael (8 specimens MQCAZ); Los Guacamayos Piviyacu, 1800 m (4 specimens CEMT); Misahualli, 500 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Parahuacu (2 specimens MECN); Puente Río Azuela, road Baeza-Lago Agrio (7 specimens MQCAZ); Río Hollín, 1100 m (4 specimens CEMT); San Rafael (6 specimens MQCAZ); Tena Talag, 750 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). ORELLANA: El Coca (1 specimen MQCAZ); Loreto (5 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Chiriboga (8 specimens MQCAZ); Chiriboga km 59 (3 specimens MQCAZ); Estación Biológica Maquipucuna, 1250 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Hda Las Palmeras km 57 (4 specimens MQCAZ); Jerusalen (1 specimen MQCAZ); Mindo, 1400–1650 m (4 specimens CEMT); Nanegalito, 1800 m (19 specimens MQCAZ); Pampas Argentinas, 1300 m (8 specimens MQCAZ); Puerto Quito (3 specimens MQCAZ); Puerto Quito km 113 (1 specimen MQCAZ); San Vicente km 4, La Armenia, 1800 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); road Calacalí
Nanegalito, 2000 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); road Chiriboga-Santo Domingo (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tandayapa (3 specimens MQCAZ); Yaruquí, 2700 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); road to Nanegalito km 37 El Vergel, 1600 m (1 specimen CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: ECR Guajalito (25 specimens MQCAZ); Río Toachi (3 specimens MQCAZ); Santo Domingo (7 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: La Bonita, 1800 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Limoncocha (1 specimen MQCAZ); El Reventador (2 specimens MQCAZ); road La Alegría-La Bonita km 32 (2 specimens MECN). TUNGURAHUA: Baños (1 specimen MQCAZ); Baños El Topo, 1530 m (3 specimens MUTPL); San Francisco (5 specimens MQCAZ); ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: El Pangui (4 specimens MUTPL); RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor, 1710 m (4 specimens MUTPL); Guaguaymi, 2000 m (1 specimen CEMT); San Andres, 1850 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Tundayme campamento Mirador La Mina, 1320 m (2 specimens MUTPL).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 20–1250 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered in the lower montane forests and the montane cloud forests from 1300–2300 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was registered on the foothill evergreen forests from 500–1100 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces and occassionally in mouse carrion.
Canthon delicatulus Balthasar, 1939d: 234 (original description. Type locality: West-Ecuador, Guayaquil und Pucay [= Bucay]).
Canthon
delicatulum
:
Canthon
delicatulus
:
Canthon (Canthon) delicatulus
:
Canthon delicatulus Balthasar, 1939. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MSMF and NMPC. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “W Ecuador / Guayaquil / F. Ohaus S. [p]”, “Guayaquil / F. Ohs. 28. 5. 05 [p]”, “Canthon / delicatulus / n. sp. m. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “[one face] Typus [p, red label, black margin], [opposite face] 6. 423 [hw]”, “[one face] Senckemberg- / Museum / Frankfurt/Main [p], [opposite face] Canthon / delicatulus B. [hw]”.
Syntype (♀): “W Ecuador / Pucay / F. Ohaus S. [p]”, “ Bucay 300 m. / F. Ohs. 23. 6. 05 [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “C. delicatulus / n. sp. m. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “delicatulus m. [hw, green label, black margin]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
AZUAY: Ponce Enriquez Mina Sorresdor, 40 m (5 specimens MUTPL); Ponce Enriquez Río Tenguel, 195 m (8 specimens MUTPL). EL ORO: Buenaventura Bajo, 500 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); El Pache 60 m, Río El Pache (5 specimens MQCAZ); 3 km E de Abañin, 800 m (1 specimen CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ); Piñas, 1200 m (1 specimen CEMT; 6 specimens MQCAZ); Uzhcurrumi, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Playa de Oro, 200 m (7 specimens MQCAZ); Puerto Balao, 200 m (2 specimens MUTPL); San Mateo (1 specimen CEMT; 2 specimens MQCAZ); Vainilla (3 specimens MQCAZ). GUAYAS: Guayaquil (1 specimen MSMF; 4 specimens CEMT; 5 specimens MQCAZ); Bucay, 300 m (1 specimen NMPC; 6 specimens MQCAZ). LOJA: Catamayo Alamala, 1380 m (1 specimen CEMT); Zapotillo Chaquiro, 340 m (1 specimen CEMT). LOS RÍOS: Estación Río Palenque (6 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: Ayampe, 35 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Aromo, 370 m (5 specimens MUTPL); San Juan de Manta, 20 m (8 specimens MUTPL); Puerto Rico, 25 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Puerto Quito (5 specimens MQCAZ). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Alluriquín, 1200 m (7 specimens MQCAZ); Santo Domingo, Pupusa (3 specimens MQCAZ); Santo Domingo, Puerto Limón (3 specimens MUTPL).
Collected all months of the year except August.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests, lowland semi-deciduous forests, and evergreen foothill forests from 40–1200 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Canthon gemellatus Erichson, 1847: 105 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
Canthon
gemellatum
:
Canthon (Canthon) gemellatus
:
Canthon
gemellatum
:
Canthon gemellatus Erichson, 1847. Four syntypes examined deposited at the NMHU. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Ecuador and Peru.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Habitat and collection methods unknown.
Canthon obscuriellus Schmidt, 1922: 89 (original description. Type locality: Columbiem [= Colombia], Paramba).
Canthon
obscuriellus
:
Canthon
obscuriellum
:
Canthon (Canthon) obscuriellus
:
Canthon obscuriellus Schmidt, 1922. The lectotype (♂) and one paralectotype are deposited at the SMTD (see
Lectotype (♂): “Paramba / 3500’. IV. 97. [p]”, “dry season. / (Rosenberg). [p]”, “Canthon / obscuriell / n. sp. a. Schmidt. [hw]”, “Coll. C Felche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon / obscuriellus / Smimidt / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “Paramba / 3500’. III. 97. [p]”, “dry season. / (Rosenberg). [p]”, “Coll. C Felche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♀ / obscuriellus / Smimidt / des. F.Z.Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
IMBABURA: La Carolina, 1000 m (2 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens CEMT); Paramba, 3500 feet [= Parambas, 1065 m] (2 specimens SMTD).
Collected in November.
Inhabits coastal foothill forests at 1000 m a.s.l. Collection method unknown.
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) Martínez, 1948a: 41 (original description. Type species: Glaphyrocanthon variabilis Martínez, 1948);
Canthon angustatus Harold, 1867d: 79 (original description, Type locality: Costa Rica).
Canthon
angustatus
:
Canthon
angustatum
:
Geocanthon
angustatus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) angustatus
:
Canthon angustatus Harold, 1867. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) is deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Costa Rica. One paralectotype is deposited at the NHRS (ex coll. E Harold and ex coll. R Oberthur), examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “Costa Rica [hw]”, “Museúm Paris / ex coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952 [p, green label, black margin]”, “angustatus / +. +. Har. [hw]”, “Ex-Musæo / E. Harold [p, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon / angustatus / Harold / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “♀ / Type [p and hw, black margin]”, “Zoolog. / Staatssg [p, black margin]”, “TIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”, “Costarica. / C. / angustatus. / Hrld. [hw, green margin]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♀ / angustatus / Harold / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama.
ESMERALDAS: Colón del Ónzole (2 specimens CEMT; 19 specimens MQCAZ); El Progreso (9 specimens MQCAZ); Gualpí (7 specimens CEMT; 15 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Mayronga (7 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (2 specimens CEMT, 15 specimesn MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (18 specimens MQCAZ; 15 specimens MECN). LOS RÍOS: Estación Biológica Río Palenque, 250 m (32 specimens MQCAZ; 9 specimens MECN). MANABÍ: El Carmen (3 specimens MQCAZ). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: 47 km S de Santo Domingo (1 specimen CEMT; 6 specimens MQCAZ).
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, September, October, and November.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests at 250 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
A lectotype is here designated and illustrated (♂, deposited at the MNHN, Plate
Canthon bimaculatus Schmidt, 1922: 83 (original description, Type locality: Amazonas, Columbien [= Colombia]).
Canthon
bimaculatus
:
Canthon
bimaculatum
:
Geocanthon
bimaculatus
:
Geocanthon
femoralis
bimaculatus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) femoralis bimaculatus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) bimaculatus
:
Canthon bimaculatus Schmidt, 1922. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the NHRS (see
Lectotype (♂): “Amazonas [p, green label]”, “Typ. [p]”, “bimaculatus / type m. [hw]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label]”, “9285 / E92 + [p, blue label]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon / bimaculatus Sch. / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2013 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Río Yasuní Garzacocha Ishpingo, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (77 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: Trocha Zábalo-Güepí km 10, Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in February, May, July, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 200–220 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods.
Canthon brunnipennis Schmidt, 1922: 84 (original description, type locality: Amazonas).
Canthon
brunnipennis
:
Canthon
brunnipenne
:
Glaphyrocanthon
brunnipennis
:
Glaphyrocanthon (Coprocanthon) brunnipennis
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) brunnipennis
:
Canthon brunnipennis Schmidt, 1922. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the NHRS (see
Lectotype (♂): “Amazonas [p, green label]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label]”, “brunnipennis / Type m. [hw]”, “14 / 56 [p and hw, pink label]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Glaphyrocanthon / brunnipennis / (Schm) / P. Pereira det.60 [p and hw]”, “9294 / E92 + [p, blue label]”, “Typ. [p]”, “brunnipennis a. schms [hw]”, “NHRS-JLKB / 000021104 [p]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon / brunnipennis Schmidt. / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2013 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Brazil and Ecuador.
SUCUMBÍOS: Sacha Lodge, 250 m (2 specimens CEMT).
Collected in October.
Inhabits lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 250 m a.s.l. Collection method unknown.
Canthon luteicollis Erichson, 1847: 105 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
Canthon
luteicollis
:
Canthon
luteicollis
var.
nitidicollis
:
Canthon
luteicolle
var.
nitidicolle
:
Geocanthon
luteicollis
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) luteicollis
:
Canthon
nitidicolle
Lucas, 1857: 98 (original description);
Canthon luteicollis Erichson, 1847. Two syntypes examined deposited at the NMHU and MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Canthon nitidicolle Lucas, 1857. Six syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Untsuants Cordillera del Kutukú, 900–1100 m (19 specimens MECN; 24 specimens MQCAZ); Cumpi Cordillera del Kutukú, (1 specimen MUTPL). NAPO: Archidona (10 specimens MQCAZ); Archidona-Jumandi (4 specimens MQCAZ); Baeza (1 specimen MQCAZ); Baeza Oritoyacu (1 specimen MQCAZ); Bloque 20 Pungarayacu, cerca al Tena, 505 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Campanacocha, 220 m (10 specimens MQCAZ); Cosanga, 1900 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Isla de los Monos (3 specimens MQCAZ); Jarawa (2 specimens MQCAZ); Jatun Sacha Estación Científica, 450 m (19 specimens MQCAZ); Misahualli (1 specimen CEMT); Misahualli Jungle Lodge unión río Napo y río Misahualli, 1600–1900 m (7 specimens MQCAZ); Río Hollín, 1200 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Pichira (3 specimens MQCAZ); San Luis del Río Hollín, 550 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Talag Marungachi, 750 m (7 specimens MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, Perez Companc línea 9, 200 m (10 specimens MECN); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, LLumpac, 295 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, Yuca 13, 255 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (2 specimens MUTPL); El Coca Primavera (2 specimens MQCAZ); El Coca, Palmoriente (4 specimens MQCAZ); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Ines Arango Pre-Cooperativa Andina, Campo Cononaco, 300 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (12 specimens CEMT; 85 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 215 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (3 specimens MUTPL); Pozo Daimi (1 specimen CEMT); Río Huataracu, 500 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Río Rumiyacu-Pozo Apaika (3 specimens MQCAZ); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res. (2 specimens CEMT; 9 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian de Coca Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Taracoa, 250 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Yampuna (3 specimens MQCAZ), Yasuní, 250 m (4 specimens CEMT). PASTAZA: Balsaura (3 specimens MQCAZ); Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 545–810 m (5 specimens MUTPL); Chuyayacu, 810 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Kapawi, 350 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Loracachi, 220 m (5 specimens CEMT; 9 specimens MQCAZ); Moretecocha (2 specimens CEMT; 8 specimens MQCAZ); plataforma Villano (7 specimens CEMT; 15 specimens MQCAZ); Tipirishca km 51 road Puyo-Macas, 1050 m (5 specimes MECN). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 275 m (75 specimens MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Campo Drago Shushufindi, 295 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Campo Hormiga, 225 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Cuyabeno (8 specimens MQCAZ); Cuyabeno Cabañas la Hormiga, 240 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); Cuyabeno Laguna Imuya, 220 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Cuyabeno Laguna Grande, 220 m (6 specimens CEMT); Laguna de Cuyabeno (4 specimens MQCAZ); Limoncocha (4 specimens MQCAZ); Nueva Loja plataforma Iguana, 310 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Cuyabeno (3 specimens MQCAZ); 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 310 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Lagartococha (3 specimens MQCAZ); Sacha Lodge, 270 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Sta Cecilia, 150 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tarapoa Campo Marian, 260 m, plataforma Fanny 5 (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: Machay (1 specimen CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme, 800 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, San Marcos, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Enerentsa, 1030 m (2 specimens MUTPL).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 215–1030 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion, human feces, and dead chilopods.
Canthon angustatus ohausi Balthasar, 1939d: 216 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Canthon
angustatus
ohausi
:
Canthon
ohausi
:
Canthon angustatus ohausi Balthasar, 1939. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) and one paralectotype are deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Mera, examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “Mera / Ecuador [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “C. angustatus / ssp. m. / Typus ! [p and hw] / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon angus- / tatus ohausi / Balth. / des. F.Z.Vaz-de-Mello, 2013 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “ECUADOR / Sabanilla / F. OhausS. [p]”, “Senckenberg / Museum [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “C. angustatus / ssp. Ohausi m. / Typus ! [hw] / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p]”, “ssp. Ohausi / m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon angusta- / tus ohausi ♀ / Balth. / des. F.Z.Vaz-de-Mello, 2013 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and French Guiana.
NAPO: Río Nushiño Gareno-Waponi, 370 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ORELLANA: Campo Palanda-Yuca Sur, Estación Palanda 5, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 215 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (3 specimens MUTPL); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); road to Maxus km 45 Río Capirón, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní Tiputini (1 specimen MUTPL); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 945 m (2 specimens MUTPL; 1 specimen MGO-UC); Chuyayacu, Oleoducto km 25, 200 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Mera (2 specimens NMPC); Pandanuque, 420 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 275 m (3 specimens CEMT; 36 specimens MGO-UC); Cascales Pozo Aguas Blancas, 385 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Cascales road to Lumbaqui Pozo Mascarey, 395 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Limoncocha, Reserva Biológica (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, Tapi, 265 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Sabanilla [= El Tambo, ZAMORA CHINCHIPE] (1 specimen NMPC); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Enerentsa, 1030 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in January, February, March, May, June, July, August, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 215–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Balthasar (1939) described Canthon angustatus ohausi (type locality: Ecuador) as a variety of Canthon angustatus Harold, 1867 (type locality: Costa Rica), which made the former name available as a subspecific category (see
Canthon pallidus Schmidt, 1922: 89 (original description. Type locality: Columbien [= Colombia]; Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia; Chanchamayo, Peru; Santa Jnéz [= Santa Inés], Ecuador; Chaco, Bolivia).
Canthon
pallidus
:
Canthon
pallidum
:
Geocanthon
pallidus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) pallidus
:
Glaphyrocanthon (Coprocanthon) gutierrezi Martínez, 1949a: 161 (original description).
Geocanthon
gutierrezi
:
Canthon pallidus Schmidt, 1922. The lectotype (♂) is deposited in the NHRS (see
Lectotype (♂): “Columbia [p]”, “pallidus / a.Schmidth [hw]”, “9971 / E92 + [p, blue label]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♂ / pallidus / A. Schmidt / des. F.Z.Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon pallidus / A. Schmidt / des. F.Z.Vaz-de- Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Geocanthon gutierrezi Martínez, 1949. The holotype is deposited at the MACN. Locality: Bolivia Dep. La Paz Pcia. Nor Yungas, Sacramento 2500 m. Examined.
Holotype (♂): “MACN-En / 1099 [p, black margin]”, “geocanthon / pallidus (Schm.) / A. MARTÍNEZ-DET 1957 [p and hw, black margin]”, “Ene-949 / BOLIVIA / Dep. La Paz / Pcia. Nor Yungas / Sacramento 2500 mts / Coll. Martínez [hw]”, “HOLOTIPO ♂ [hw, red label]”, “glaphyrocanhton / (coprocanthon) ♂ / gutierrezi sp. n / A. MARTÍNEZ-DET 1950 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
NAPO: Cosanga Estación Científica Yanayacu, 2130 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Cuyuja, 2200 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Hacienda San Isidro, Quijos Valley, 2000 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Las Palmas, 2050 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: Río Azuela, El Reventador, 1720 m (1 specimen CEMT; 2 specimens MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: Baños, El Topo, 1590 m (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento Mirador, La Escombrera, 1225 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Santa Jnéz [= Santa Inés] (
Collected in January, August, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests and lower montane evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 1225–1720 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered in the montane cloud forests from 2000–2200 m a.s.l. Collected manually in horse feces and with canopy fogging methods.
Canthon plagiatus Harold, 1880a: 15 (original description. Type locality: La Meza).
Canthon
plagiatus
:
Canthon
plagiatum
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) plagiatus
:
Canthon plagiatus Harold, 1880. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E. Steinheil). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Santa Inés (3 specimens CEMT).
It is not known when this species was collected.
Habitat and collection methods unknown.
Canthon politus Harold, 1868d: 60 (original description. Type locality: Columbien [= Colombia], Bogotá und das südliche Mexiko [= Mexico]).
Canthon
politus
:
Canthon
politum
:
Canthon
politum
var.
granadense
:
Geocanthon
politus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) politus
:
Canthon
granadensis
Lansberge, 1874a: 5 (original description);
Canthon
granadense
:
Canthon politus Harold, 1868. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Harold and ex coll. R Oberthur). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Canthon granadensis Lansberge, 1874. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. V Lansberge and ex coll. R Oberthur). Locality: without specific locality. Examined.
Holotype (♂): “granadensis / Lansb type [hw]”, “Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür / 1952 [p]”, “Ex-Musæo / VAN LANSBERGE [p, black margin]”, “Canthon (Glaphy- / rocanthon) / politus Harold. G.H. y A.M. det. 76 [hw, black margin]”, “♂ [hw] HOLOTYPE [p, red label, black margin]”.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
NAPO: B. P. La Cascada, Parque Nacional Sumaco, 1300 m (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Chito Río San Francisco, 1800 m (1 specimen CEMT); El Tambo Reserva El Colibri 2080 m (17 specimens CEMT).
Collected in March and May.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests and lower evergreen montane forests throughout the Amazonian range from 1300–1800 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the montane cloud forests from 1800–2080 m a.s.l. This species was collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces. According to
Scarabeus quadriguttatus Olivier, 1789: 173 (original description. Type locality: Cayenne, Surinam).
Copris
quadriguttatus
:
Ateuchus
bidens
Fabricius, 1801: 62 (transferred to the genus Ateuchus Fabricius, 1801);
Choeridium
elegans
Castelnau, 1840: 83 (transferred to the genus Choeridium Serville, 1825; redescription);
Canthon
quadriguttatus
:
Glaphyrocanthon
quadriguttatus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) quadriguttatus
:
Copris obliquatus Voet, 1806: 47 (original description).
Canthon
obliquatus
:
Scarabeus quadriguttatus Olivier, 1789. Not found.
Ateuchus bidens Fabricius, 1801. One syntype examined deposited at the ZMUC (ex coll. E Harold and R Oberthur). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Choeridium elegans Castelnau, 1840. Type material not examined.
Canthon obliquatus Schmidt, 1920. Two syntypes examined deposited at the NHRS. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Guyana, and Surinam.
ORELLANA: El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado, plataforma Pitalala 1, 325 m (1 specimen MUTPL); road Auca Tiguino-Ñemenguno, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 350 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 545 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Pandanuque, 420 m (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 295 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado de Cascales, Pozo Cristal 1, 425 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5 (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 18B60, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: Baños (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento Mirador, Las Maravillas, 1060 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, San Marcos, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in March, May, July, June, August, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 245–1060 m a.s.l. Collected in aerial fruit traps, with canopy fogging methods and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Canthon semiopacus Harold, 1868d: 57 (original description, Type locality: Brazilien [= Brazil], Cayenne).
Canthon
semiopacus
:
Canthon
semiopacum
:
Geocanthon
semiopacus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) semiopacus
:
Canthon semiopacus Harold, 1868. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN and ZSM (ex coll. E Harold and ex coll. R Oberthür). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Guyana.
NAPO: Talag Marungachi, 750 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: Cuyabeno, Jungla lodge, 230 m (18 specimens MQCAZ); Cuyabeno Río Cuyabeno, Campo Hormiga, 225 m (5 specimens MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador Tapi, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Cuyabeno Laguna Grande, 270 m (20 specimens MQCAZ); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataform Fanny 5, 260 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in January, February, April, June, July, August, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 225–750 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Canthon subhyalinus Harold, 1867d: 79 (original description. Type locality: Nova Granada).
Canthon
subhyalinus
:
Canthon
subhyalinum
:
Glaphyrocanthon (Glaphyrocanthon) subhyalinus
:
Glaphyrocanthon (Coprocanthon) subhyalinus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) subhyalinus
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) subhyalinus subhyalinus
:
Canthon subhyalinus Harold, 1867. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
Without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Habitat and collection methods unknown.
Canthon subhyalinoides Balthasar, 1939d: 231 (original description, Type locality: Ecuador, Quevedo).
Canthon
subhyalinoides
:
Glaphyrocanthon
subhyalinoides
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) subhyalinoides
:
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) subhyalinus subhyalinoides
:
Canthon subhyalinoides Balthasar, 1939. One syntype examined deposited at the NMPC. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Only known from Ecuador.
EL ORO: Salvias Río San José, 1200 m (2 specimens MUTPL). ESMERALDAS: Puerto Balao, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL). GUAYAS: Río Congo, 35 m (4 specimens MUTPL). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo (1 specimen NMPC). MANABÍ: Ayampe, 35 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Aromo, Río de los Napos, 280 m (2 specimens MGO-UC; 1 specimen CEMT); Embalse Daule Peripa, Bosque Protector Carrizal-Chone, 110 m (2 specimens MUTPL); RVS Pacoche, 340 m (7 specimens MGO-UC; 1 specimen CEMT); Puerto López Cerro La Gotera, Parque Nacional Machalilla, 350 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López Guale, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López Las Tunas, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 50 m (2 specimens CEMT).
LOS RÍOS: Quevedo, Pichilingue 450 m (
Collected in March, April, July, August, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests, coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests, and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 35–1200 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956a: 109 (original description. Type species Scarabaeus smaragdulus Fabricius, 1781);
Canthon (Goniocanthon) fulgidus martinezi Nunes, Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello, 2018: 14 (original description. Type locality: Francisco de Orellana, Rodrigo Borja, IAMOE).
Canthon
fulgidus
Redtenbacher, 1868: 51 (original description, Type locality: Brazilien [= Brazil]);
Canthon
fulgidum
:
Goniocanthon
fulgidus
:
Canthon (Goniocanthon) fulgidus
:
Canthon (Goniocanthon) fulgidus martinezi Nunes, Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello, 2018. The holotype is deposited at the CEMT (see
Canthon fulgidus Redtenbacher, 1867. The lectotype (sex unknown) is deposited at the MHMW (see
Lectotype, (sex unknown): “Nott. [hw]”, “fulgidus / det. [illegible]. 93 [p, black margin]”, “TYPUS [p, red label]”, “fulgidus / Redtb [hw]”, “Fulgidus / Brasil Redt. [hw, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE / Canthon / fulgidus / Redtenb. / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2013 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
NAPO: Archidona, 500 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Sunka (7 specimens MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Apaika Sur (8 specimens MQCAZ); Bloque 31 Pozo Petrolero PSCA 2, Parque Nacional Yasuní (6 specimens MECN); Bloque 31 Perez Companc línea 9, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (3 specimens MECN); Daimi 1 (28 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado, 350 m, plataforma Pitala 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Río Huiririma (5 specimens MQCAZ); Loreto (2 specimens MQCAZ); Nashiño, 255 m (7 specimens MQCAZ); Río Rumiyacu Pozo Apaika I, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (3 specimens CEMT; 168 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 215–285 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (2 specimens MGO-UC; 21 specimens MQCAZ); Pozo Ginta 1, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 230 m (18 specimens MQCAZ); Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen CEMT; 22 specimens MQCAZ); Río Tiputini, Yasuní Res. (1 specimen CEMT; 8 specimens MQCAZ); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (7 specimens CEMT; 25 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca Comuna Shamanal, Campo Palo Azul, 345 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zamona-Yuturi (10 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Campo Tiguino cerca al estero Ñemenguno, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Kurintza, 300 m (3 specimens MECN). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio 290 m (3 specimens MGO-UC); Cuyabeno, 250–400 m (19 specimens MQCAZ); Cuyabeno Jungla Lodge, 230 m (12 specimens MQCAZ); Río Aguarico, 300 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 255 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
ORELLANA: Francisco de Orellana (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 215–345 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Canthon incertae sedis Halffter & Martínez, 1977: 70 (comment, list of species);
Canthon balteatus Boheman, 1858: 41 (original description, type locality: Insula Ohau, Honolulu).
Canthon
balteatus
:
Canthon
balteatum
:
Canthon
balteatus
var.
lojanus
Balthasar, 1939d: 210 (original description);
Canthon
lojanum
:
Canthon balteatus Boheman, 1858. Five syntypes examined deposited at the NHRS and IRSN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Canthon balteatus var. lojanus Balthasar, 1939. One syntype (♀) examined is deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Loja. Examined.
Syntype (♀): “ECUADOR / Loja / Ohaus S. [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin] “, “var. lojanus m. [hw, green label, black margin]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
AZUAY: 5 km W and 3 km S de Sta Isabel, 1450 m (7 specimens CEMT). EL ORO: Arenillas, 15 m (100 specimens CEMT; 165 specimens MUTPL); GUAYAS: Guayaquil (5 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: Aguas Blancas, 50 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Crucita (3 specimes MQCAZ); El Aromo, La Fabril, 290 m (2 specimens MUTPL); El Aromo, 370 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Manta, 10 m (6 specimens MUTPL; 7 specimens MQCAZ); Montecristi, Pichihuama, 190 m (10 specimens MQCAZ); Puerto López (2 specimens MUTPL; 3 specimens MQCAZ); San Clemente (5 specimens MQCAZ). LOJA: Catamayo (3 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MUTPL); Catamayo, Alamala, 1400 m (10 specimens CEMT; 18 specimens MUTPL); Celica (29 specimens MUTPL); Río Catamayo, 1500 m (1 specimen CEMT; 5 specimens MUTPL); Saraguro, Manú, 1300 m (16 specimens MUTPL); Zapotillo, Chaquiro, 310 m (15 specimens MUTPL). LOS RÍOS: CRP [= Centro Río Palenque] (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 10 m (4 specimens CEMT; 12 specimens MUTPL).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests and coastal lowland dry scrub from 10–1400 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
According to
Canthon fuscipes Erichson, 1847: 105 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
Canthon
fuscipes
Harold, 1868d: 14 (characters in key); 75 (redescription);
Canthon fuscipes Erichson, 1847. Two syntypes examined deposited at the NMHU. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Ecuador and Peru.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Habitat and collection methods are unknown.
Canthon sericatus Schmidt, 1922: 92 (original description, type locality: Argentinien [= Argentina], Salinas).
Canthon
sericatus
:
Canthon
sericatum
:
Canthon sericatus Schmidt, 1922. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the SMTD (see
Lectotype (♂): “Salinas / Beni B vii. 95 / M. Stuart [p]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”, “Typus [red label]”, “canthon / sericatus / n. sp. a. Schmidth [hw]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Canthon / sericatus / Schmidt / des. F.Z.Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]”.
Argentina, Ecuador, and Peru.
PASTAZA: Amazanga Norte del Puyo, 1000 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in November.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests in the Amazon region at 1000 m a.s.l. Collected with light trap.
Canthonella Chapin, 1930: 1 (original description. Type species: Canthonella parva Chapin, 1930 by original designation).
Canthonella:
Ipselissus d’Olsouffief, 1935: 35 (nom. prov., comment);
Ipsepilissus Paulian, 1938: 235 (nom. nud., characters in key);
Remarks. There are possibly three new Ecuadorian species from Orellana, Pichincha, and Sucumbíos provinces. Their description will be included in a future work on this genus.
Copris Geoffroy, 1762: 87 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus lunaris Linnaeus, 1758. Type subsequent designated by Latreille, 1810).
Copris:
Copris “Müller, 1764”: XI (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus lunaris Linnaeus, 1758);
Litocopris Waterhouse, 1891b: 53 (original description. Type species: Litocopris punctiventris Waterhouse 1891); Peringuey 1900: 342 (cited as synonym);
Copris (Copris) s. str. Geoffroy, 1762: 87 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus lunaris Linnaeus, 1758);
Copris davidi Darling & Génier, 2018: 31 (original description. Type locality: Pajonal, Esmeraldas, Ecuador).
Copris davidi Darling & Génier, 2018. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see Darling and Génier 2018: 32). Locality: Ecuador, Esmeraldas, Pajonal, not examined.
Colombia and Ecuador.
IMBABURA: Carolina, 1000 m (1 specimen CEMT); Lita, 500 m (2 specimens CEMT). ESMERALDAS: Colón del Ónzole (2 specimens CEMT); Gualpi (1 specimen CEMT); Gualpi el Pajonal (5 specimens CEMT); Jeyambi PMFC (1 specimen CEMT).
IMBABURA: Carolina (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); Lita (Darling and Génier 2018: 32). ESMERALDAS: Chispero (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); Colón del Ónzole (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); Gualpí del Ónzole (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); Esmeraldas (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); Estación Forestal La Chiquita, 11km SE San Lorenzo, 5m (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); La Concordia (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); Majua (Darling and Génier 2018: 32), Pajonal (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); Jeyambi PMFC (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); Punta Venado (Darling and Génier 2018: 32). MANABÍ: 78 km NE Chone, 85 km WSW Santo Domingo, 450 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 32); 90 km WSW Santo Domingo, 73 km NE Chone, 300 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 32).
Collected in April, May, June, July, August, September, October, and November.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5–1000 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Copris susanae Darling & Génier, 2018: 28 (original description. Type locality: 20 km N Chone, 300 m, Manabí, Ecuador).
Copris susanae Darling & Génier, 2018. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see Darling and Génier 2018: 29). Locality: Ecuador, Manabí, 20 km N Chone, 300 m, not examined.
Colombia and Ecuador.
BOLIVAR: B. P. Filo Palanga (1 specimen CEMT). COTOPAXI: Guasaganda, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT). EL ORO: Piñas, 1200 m (5 specimens CEMT); Uzhcurrumi, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT). LOJA: 5 km N de Zambi, 1300 m (1 specimen CEMT). LOS RIOS: Río Palenque Station (6 specimens CEMT). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 10 m (76 specimens CEMT).
BOLIVAR: Balzapamba (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); CANAR [= CAÑAR]: Route La Troncal-Canar [= Cañar], 300 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 30). ESMERALDAS: Esmeraldas (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); San Mateo (Darling and Génier 2018: 30). GUAYAS [= SANTA ELENA]: 27 km S Puerto Lopez, 76 km N Santa Elena, 150 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); GUAYAS: Bucay (Darling and Génier 2018: 30). LOS RÍOS: Estación Científica Río Palenque, 47 km S Santo Domingo, 250 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue, Quevedo (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); Hacienda Ana María, Quevedo (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); MANABÍ: 20 km N Chone, 300 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); 78 km NE Chone, 85 km WSW Santo Domingo, 450 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); 90 km WSW Santo Domingo, 73 km NE Chone, 300 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (Darling and Génier 2018: 30). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 10 m (Darling and Génier 2018: 30). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: San Rafael (Darling and Génier 2018: 30); without specific locality (Darling and Génier 2018: 30).
Collected in February, March, May, June, July, August, September, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 10–1200 m a.s.l. In the Amazon region, this species has been collected in the foothill evergreen forests. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces. According to Darling and Génier (2018) the Macas record (Morona Santiago province) might be erroneous.
Coprophanaeus d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 22 (original description. Type species: Scarabeus jasius Olivier, 1789, by original designation).
Coprophanaeus:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) s. str. d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 22 (original description. Type species: Scarabeus jasius Olivier, 1789);
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) callegarii Arnaud, 2002b: 4 (original description. Type locality: PERU, Iquitos).
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) callegarii
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) callegarii Arnaud, 2002. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CPFA (see
Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuni, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuni (2 specimens MUTPL); Ginta Pompeya Sur-Iro, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
SUCUMBÍOS: without specific locality (
Collected in May, June, September, and November.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–250 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Phanaeus (C.) conocephalus d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 72 (original description. Type locality: Equateur [= Ecuador], Loja).
Coprophanaeus
conocephalus
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) conocephalus
:
Phanaeus
roubali
Balthasar, 1939e: 241 (original description);
Phanaeus (Coprophanaeus) conocephalus d’Olsoufieff, 1924. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Equateur Loja, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Equateur / Loja / Abbé Gaujon [p, black margin]”, “Ph. Conocephalus n. sp ♀ / det. G. Olsouffieff [hw and p]”, “HOLOTYPE [p, red label]”, “Coprophanaeus / conocephalus / Ols. / Holotype ♀ / P. Arnaud DET 1981 [p and hw]”.
Phanaeus roubali Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMPC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
BOLIVAR: Bosque Protector Filo Palanga, 970 m (1 specimen MUTPL). CAÑAR: Javin. La Trancel [= La Troncal], 850–1300 m (3 specimens CEMT; 1 specimen MQCAZ). GUAYAS: Cerecita Pta Chapella (3 specimens CEMT; 1 specimen MQCAZ). LOJA: without specific locality (1 specimen MNHN). MANABÍ: El Aromo, Río de los Napos, 280 m (1 specimen CEMT); El Aromo, 370 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Refugio de Vida Silvestre Pacoche, 340 m (3 specimens CEMT); Puerto López, Río Blanco, 272 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
GUAYAS: Balzar (
Collected in January, February, April, August, and September.
Inhabits the coastal montane cloud forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 280–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Coprophanaeus edmondsi Arnaud, 1997: 5 (original description. Type locality: Pich. 4600 feet [= 1400 m], 23 km E of Alluriquín, Chiriboga Road).
Coprophanaeus
edmondsi
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) edmondsi
:
Coprophanaeus edmondsi Arnaud, 1997. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (formerly in A and H Howden collection, see
Paratype (♂): “ECUADOR (CAN) / Javin II. 92 / 850 – 1400m / P. Arnaud leg [p]”, “Coprophanaeus / edmondsi / 94 / P.ARNAUD DET /PARATYPE ♂ [p, pink margin]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
CAÑAR: Javin, 850–1400 m (3 specimens CEMT; 1 specimen MQCAZ). CARCHI: Goaltal, Hacienda San Francisco, 1200 m (5 specimens MECN); Maldonado, 1830 m (2 specimens CEMT). PICHINCHA: Curipoglio, Cerro San Cristobal (1 specimen MUTPL); Mindo, 1500 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica la Hesperia (1 specimen MUTPL).
PICHINCHA: 4600 feet [1400 m], 23 km E de Alluriquin, Chiriboga Road (Arnaud, 1997: 6); Chiriboga Road 1200–1830, km 12–20 m (Arnaud, 1997: 6).
Collected in February, March, June, September, October, and December.
Inhabits coastal foothill evergreen forests from 850–1200 m a.s.l. In the Andean region it has been registered in montane evergreen forests from 1400–1800 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Scarabeus jasius Olivier, 1789: 109 (original description. Type locality: Cayenne, Curaçao).
Copris
jasius
:
Phanaeus
jasius
:
Phanaeus (Coprophanaeus) jasius
: d’
Coprophanaeus
jasius
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) jasius
:
Phanaeus
satyrus
Castelnau, 1840: 80 (original description);
Scarabeus jasius Olivier, 1789. The neotype is deposited at the MNHN. Guyane, Cayenne, examined.
Neotype (♂): “VII. 78 [hw]”, “GUYANE F se / CAYENNE / La Chaumière / Leg: P. ARNAUD [p, black margin]”, “Scarabeus / jasius Ol. / P. ARNAUD DET 2001 / NEOTYPE ♂”.
Phanaeus satyrus Castelnau, 1840. Type material not examined.
Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Ecuador.
NAPO: without specific locality (Arnaud, 2002a: 26).
It is not known when this species was collected.
Coprophanaeus morenoi Arnaud, 1982b: 121 (original description. Type locality: Equateur [= Ecuador], km 36 route Sto Domingo-Quevedo).
Coprophanaeus
morenoi
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) morenoi
:
Coprophanaeus morenoi Arnaud, 1982. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Equateur [= Ecuador], Sto. Domingo km 36, examined. One Paratype is deposited in the MQCAZ, examined.
Holotype (♂): “EQUATEUR / STO DOMINGO K. 36 / JANV. 1982 / P&L ARNAUD coll [p and hw, black margin]”, “Coprophanaeus / morenoi Mihi / HOLOTYPE ♂ / P. ARNAUD DET 1982 [p and hw, pink margin]”, “HOLOTYPE [p, red label]”.
Paratype (♀): “ECUADOR (PICH) / TINA LANDIA / I. 82 650 m / P & L ARNAUD leg [p]”, “Coprophanaeus / morenoi Mihi / P. ARNAUD DET / PARATYPE ♀ [p and hw, pink margin]”.
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (8 specimens MECN). COTOPAXI: Guasaganda La Mana, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Colón del Onzole (17 specimens MECN); Charco Vicente (13 specimens MGO-UC; 28 specimens MECN); Gualpi (15 specimens MECN); Gualpi Pajonal (17 specimens MECN); Palma Real (1 specimen MGO-UC; 15 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro (1 specimen MUTPL; 10 speciemens MECN); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (19 specimens MGO-UC; 31 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Estero Pote, 200 m (3 specimen CEMT; 16 specimens MECN); road Ibarra-San Lorenzo, El Placer, 670 m (1 specimen CEMT). PICHINCHA: Guayabilla Río Guayllabamba, Manduriacus, 520 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Llurimaguas Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado, 290 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Mangaloma, San Miguel de los Bancos, 820 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tortugo Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado, 450 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Tinalandia, 650 m (1 specimen MQCAZ).
ESMERALDAS: 11 km SE San Lorenzo, La Chiquita Sta, 5 m (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5–850 m a.s.l. Species was collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Phanaeus ohausi Felsche, 1911: 138 (original description. Type locality: Oscordillere Teremotillo, zwichen Baños und Canelos [= between Baños and Canelos]).
Phanaeus
ohausi
:
Coprophanaeus
ohausi
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) ohausi
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) florenti
Arnaud, 2002b: 5 (original description);
Phanaeus ohausi Felsche, 1911. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the SMTD (see
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) florenti Arnaud, 2002b. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CPFA (see
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
LOJA: Loja-Zamora, 1400 m (4 specimens CEMT). MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300–1700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MUTPL, 18 specimens MECN); Comunidad Untsuants, 1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (14 specimens MECN); Cumanda (1 specimen CEMT); Chiguinda Río Blanco, 1750 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú, 1290 m (1 specimen MUTPL). NAPO: Quebrada Granadillas Bosque Protector la Cascada, 1300 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacto Sumaco, 1620 m (3 specimens MUTPL). NAPO: Cotundo, 1070 m Río Osayacu, sector Shamato (2 specimens MUTPL); ORELLANA: Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (3 specimens MECN). PASTAZA: Chuyayacu Oleoducto km 25, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Ñemenguno, 280 m (2 specimens CEMT). PASTAZA: Mera, Estación Biológica de la UTE Pindo Mirador, 1000 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Gonzalo Pizarro, Simon Bolivar, 1200 m (4 specimens MECN). TUNGURAHUA: Baños El Topo, 1590 m (33 specimens CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Cordillera la Curintza, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 1790 m (9 specimens MECN); RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas conseción El Colibri 1530 m, Cordillera del Cóndor (1 specimen MUTPL); Romerillos Sendero Nangaritza, 2200 m, Parque Nacional Podocarpus (12 specimens MECN); Tundayme campamento Mirador La Mina, 1320 (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Tambo 3, 1055 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Condor Mirador, 1420 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zamora km 12–18, 1500 m (5 specimens MECN); Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi, Pachikuntza, 1685 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Angel Rouby, Cordillera Cutucú [= Kutukú] (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, July, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, evergreen foothill forests, and lower evergreen montane forests throughout the Amazonian range from 225–1700 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered in the montane cloud forests from 1800–2200 m a.s.l. Species was collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Coprophanaeus suredai Arnaud, 1996: 6 (original description. Type locality: BRAZIL, Amazonas Río Javari).
Coprophanaeus
suredai
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) suredai
:
Coprophanaeus suredai Arnaud, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CPFA (see
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
SUCUMBÍOS: Lago Agrio (
Collected in August.
There are no specimens of this species in entomological collections in Ecuador. However,
Phanaeus telamon Erichson, 1847: 106 (original description, without type locality).
Phanaeus
telamon
:
Phanaeus (Coprophanaeus) telamon
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) telamon var. telamon
:
Coprophanaeus
telamon
:
Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) telamon
:
Phanaeus telamon Erichson, 1847. The holotype (♂) is deposited in the SMTD (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Untsuants, 700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (21 specimens MECN); Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MUTPL); km 8 road Mendez-Paute, 1250 m (1 specimen CEMT). NAPO: La Merced de Jondachi Río Jondachi, 1100 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacto Sumaco, Cotundo, 1500 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Shiqui cerca al Tena, 485 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tena, 400 m (15 specimens CEMT). ORELLANA: Bloque 16, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 210 m (3 specimens MECN); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, LLumpac, 295 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Dayuma, Campo Palanda Yuca 13, 255 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimens MUTPL); Eden Yuturí Bloque 15, 225 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica Yasuní, 215 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini Torre, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuni (3 specicmen MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (7 specimens CEMT; 19 specimens MECN); San Sebastian del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata (2 specimens MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660–810 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Nuevo San Jose del Curaray, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Mera Estación Pindo Mirador UTE, 1000 m (4 specimens CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 290 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Laguna Grande de Cuyabeno, 250 m, Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno (10 specimens MECN); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Sacha, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Sansahuari, 255–290 m, Pozo Singüe (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa plataforma Fanny 18B60, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme, 800 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme, campamento Mirador, Tambo 3, 1055 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (2 specimens MGO-UC; 1 specimen MEPN).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Untsuants, Cordillera de Cutucú [= Kutukú], 600 m (
Collected in collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, varzea forests, the foothill evergreen forests and lower evergreen montane forests in the Amazonian range from 200–1500 m a.s.l. Species was collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Cryptocanthon Balthasar, 1942: 36 (original description. Type species: Cryptocanthon paradoxus Balthasar, 1942 by primary monotypy).
Cryptocanthon:
Cryptocanthon curticrinis Cook, 2002: 59 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo Prov. Limoncocha, 250 m [= currently Sucumbíos Prov]).
Cryptocanthon
curticrinis
:
Cryptocanthon curticrinis Cook, 2002. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
NAPO [= ORELLANA]: Río Tiputini, Parque Nacional Yasuní (
Collected in June.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 250 m a.s.l. According to
Cryptocanthon genieri Cook, 2002: 66 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, 1200 m, km 7.3 Sarayacu-Loreto Rd).
Cryptocanthon
genieri
:
Cryptocanthon genieri Cook, 2002. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
NAPO: km 7.3 Sarayacu-Loreto, 1200 m (
Collected in July.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 1000–1200 m a.s.l. According to
Cryptocanthon napoensis Cook, 2002: 76 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, 4200’/ 17 km NE Baeza; 4 km SW Chaco).
Cryptocanthon
napoensis
:
Cryptocanthon napoensis Cook, 2002. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
NAPO: Las Palmas, Cuchilla San Pedro, 2000 m (2 specimens CEMT; 12 specimens MUTPL).
NAPO: 7 km S Baeza 2000 m (
Collected in February, March, and April.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests of the Andean region at 1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Cryptocanthon otonga Cook, 2002: 77 (original description. Type locality: Cotopaxi, Otonga, 2000 m).
Cryptocanthon
otonga
:
Cryptocanthon otonga Cook, 2002. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MQCAZ. Locality: Otonga, 2000 m, examined.
Holotype (♂): “COTOPAXIECUADOR / OTONGA 2000m / 0°25'S, 79°0'W / 24MAR 1999 TEnríquez [p]”, “Ex: Primary forest / Pitfall Trap / Human dung [p]”, “HOLOTYPE / Cryptocanthon / otonga / Cook [p, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
COTOPAXI: Bosque Integral Otonga, 2000 m (9 specimens CEMT); Bosque Integral Otonga 2000 m (2 specimens MQCAZ).
COTOPAXI: Bosque Integral Otonga (
Collected in February, March, April, and August.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests of the Andean region at 2000 m a.s.l. According to
Cryptocanthon paradoxus Balthasar, 1942: 37 (original description. Type locality: Loja, Villonaco).
Cryptocanthon
paradoxus
:
Cryptocanthon paradoxus Balthasar, 1942. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Loja Villonaco, examined.
Holotype (♂): “(Ecuad.) [p]”, “Loja Villonaco / F. Ohs. 23.8.05 [p]”, “TYPUS [p, red label, black margin]”, “Cryptocanthon / paradoxus / n. gen. n. sp. / mihi / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Cryptocanthon / paradoxus Balth. [hw, green label, black margin]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
LOJA: Villonaco (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in August.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests of the Andean region at 2000 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Cryptocanthon urguensis Cook, 2002: 86 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, Misahualli Rumi Urgu Mt).
Cryptocanthon
urguensis
:
Cryptocanthon urguensis Cook, 2002. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Only known from Ecuador
NAPO: Misahualli Rumi Urgu Mt (
Collected in February.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region. The collection method is unknown.
Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822: 37 (original description. Type species: Deltochilum dentipes Eschscholtz, 1822 by monotypy).
Deltochilum:
Anamnesis Vigors, 1826: 510 (original description. Type species: Anamnesis Macleayii Vigors, 1826);
Meghyboma Kolbe, 1893: 192 (original description. Type species: Deltochilum dentipes Eschscholtz, 1822);
Eudactylides Paulian, 1939: 8 (original description. Type species: Deltochilum carinatum Westwood, 1837);
Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) Kolbe, 1893: 192 (original description. Type species by later designation: Deltochilum trisignatum Harold 1881);
Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) arturoi Silva, Louzada & Vaz-de-Mello, 2015: 477 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, BP Milpe, 1200 m).
Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) arturoi
:
Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) arturoi Silva, Louzada & Vaz-de-Mello, 2015. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the CEMT. Locality: Pichincha: BP Milpe, 1200 m, examined.
Holotype (♀): “ECUADOR: PICHINCHA: B.P. / Milpe, 1200m, IV.2003 / Fumigación dosel. PAraujo y / William Chamorro [p, black margin]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
PICHINCHA: Bosque Potector Milpe-Río Pachijal, 1200 m (1 specimen CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Puerto Limón, 395 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in April, May, and October.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 395–1200 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods and malayse traps baited with pig feces.
Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) larseni Silva, Louzada & Vaz-de-Mello, 2015: 478 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, SUCUMBIOS [= SUCUMBÍOS], RPF Cuyabeno, Trocha Zábalo-Güepí, km 10).
Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) larseni
:
Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) larseni Silva, Louzada & Vaz-de-Mello, 2015. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CEMT. Locality: Ecuador, Sucumbíos: RPF Cuyabeno, Trocha Zábalo-Güepí, km 10, examined.
Holotype (♂): “ECUADOR, Sucumbios, R.P.F. / Cuyabeno, Trocha Zábalo-Güepí, / km 10. 9-Agosto-2000 / Colección Manual nocturna / Bosque de tierra firme colinado / Pablo Araujo / LOTE 557 [p,]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555–605 m (2 specimens CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Trocha Zábalo-Guepi km 10, 220 m, Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in January and August.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–605 m a.s.l. Collected using dead chilopods as bait.
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) Kolbe, 1893: 191 (original description. Type species: Deltochilum burmeisteri Harold, 1867 = Deltochilum mexicanum Burmeister, 1848, subsequent designation by Paulian, 1939: 18);
Deltochilum (E.) tessellatum var. Arrowi Paulian, 1939: 18 (original description. Type locality: Équateur [= Ecuador], Río Pescado).
Deltochilum
tessellatum
var.
arrowi
:
Deltochilum
var.
arrowi
:
Deltochilum (E.) tessellatum var. Arrowi Paulian, 1939. The holotype (♂) and one paratype are deposited at the NHML (see
Holotype (♂): “Ecuador / Río- / Pescado [p]”, “v-17-1922 / 15000 ft / GHTate [p]”, “Frank R. Manson / Collection [p]”, “Ex coll. / F.R.Manson. / Brit. Mus. / 1923-141 [p]”, “Deltochilum / tessellatum / var. arrowi Paulian / Type [hw]”, “Holo- / type [p, red margin]”.
Paratype (♀): “Ecuador / Río- / Pescado [p]”, “v-17-1922 / 15000 ft / GHTate [p]”, “Ex coll. / F.R.Manson. / Brit. Mus. / 1923-141 [p]”, “Para- Type [p, yellow margin]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
CAÑAR: Javin, 1400 m (4 specimens CEMT). COTOPAXI: San Francisco de las Pampas (1 specimen CEMT). MANABÍ: Río Pescado (2 specimens NHML). PICHINCHA: E B La Hesperia, 1200 m (1 specimen CEMT); Pacto, 1000 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in January, February, March, and October.
Inhabits coastal evergreen foothill forests from 850–1200 m a.s.l. Collected using pitfall traps baited with pig feces.
Paulian in 1939 described Deltochilum (E.) tessellatum var. arrowi (written Arrowi, type locality Río Pescado, Ecuador) as a variety of Deltochilum tessellatum Bates, 1870 (type locality Gualaquiza, Ecuador, Amazonian region), which made the former name available as a subspecific category (see:
Hyboma carinata Westwood, 1837: 256 (original description. Type locality: America Meridionali [= South America]).
Hyboma
carinata
:
Hyboma
carinatum
:
Deltochilum (Eudactyles) carinatum
:
Deltochilum
carinatum
:
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) carinatum
:
Hyboma
monstrosa
Dejean, 1837: 151 (nom. nud.);
Hyboma
dromedarium
Castelnau, 1840: 74 (original description);
Hyboma carinata Westwood, 1837. The holotype is deposited at the OUMNH. Locality: America Meridionali [= South America]), examined.
Holotype (sex unknown): “Hyboma / carinata / Westw : / Am: Merid : / Mag: / Zool & Bot /30/ : / Vol / page 256 [hw, red label]”, “Deltochilum / Carinatum West. / J.J.E Gillet. / t.1910-1912. / (type) / [p and hw]”, “TYPE COL : 454 / Hyboma / carinatum / Westw. / HOPE DEPT. OXFORFD [p, black margin]”.
Hyboma monstrosa Dejean, 1837. Type material not examined.
Hyboma dromedarium Castelnau, 1840. One syntype examined deposited at the IRSN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú, 1290 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Untsuants sitio 1, Cordillera del Kutukú 700 m (7 specimens MECN; 4 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: Chalcanapuni (1 specimen CEMT); sector Talac, 730 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Bosque Daimi Sendero 3 (4 specimens MQCAZ); Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (5 specimens MECN); Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Daimi (6 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, LLumpac, 295 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Dayuma Campo Palanda, Yuca 13, 255 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Estación Científica Yasuní, 250 m (37 speciemens MQCAZ); San Sebastián del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Guataraco, Campo Pata (1 specimen MGO-UC); San Sebastian del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Shamanal, Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MGO-UC). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 590 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Ñemenguno, 280 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Nuevo San José del Curaray, cercanias Río Villano, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Villano, Tarangaro, 330 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno 16 km de Lago Agrio, 290 m (2 specimens MGO-UC); Campo Drago Shushufindi (1 specimen MGO-UC); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 290 m, Tetete (1 specimen MGO-UC); Tarapoa Campo Marian plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento Mirador, Las Maravillas, 1060 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, evergreen foothill forests, and lower evergreen montane forests of the Amazon region from 245–1290 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Hyboma hyppona Buquet, 1844: 19 (original description. Type locality: Colombie [= Colombia]).
Deltochilum
hypponum
:
Deltochilum
hypponum
var.
arrogans
:
Deltochilum (Eudactyles) hypponum
:
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) hypponum
:
Hyboma
arrogans
Buquet, 1844: 20 (original description);
Hyboma
speciosum
Burmeister, 1848: 135 (original description);
Hyboma hyppona Buquet, 1844. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. Guér-Ménev). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Hyboma arrogans Buquet, 1844. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. D. Sharp). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Hyboma speciosum Burmeister, 1848. Type material not examined.
Colombia and Ecuador.
SUCUMBÍOS: road La Alegría-La Bonita km 32 (1 specimen MECN); La Sofía, 1800 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in April and May.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests of the Andean region at 1800 m a.s.l. Collected manually.
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) luederwaldti Pereira & D’Andretta, 1955a: 29 (original description. Type locality Equador [= Ecuador]).
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) luederwaldti
:
Deltochilum
luederwaldti
:
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) luederwaldti Pereira & D’Andretta, 1955. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MZUSP (see González and Molano 2009: 257). Locality: Equador, Quito, not examined.
Colombia and Ecuador.
PICHINCHA: Quito (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Deltochilum mexicanum Burmeister, 1848: 135 (original description. Type locality: Mexico).
Deltochilum
mexicanum
:
Deltochilum (Eudactyles) mexicanum
:
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) mexicanum
:
Deltochilum
burmeisteri
Harold, 1867d: 76 (original description);
Deltochilum mexicanum Burmeister, 1848. One syntype examined deposited in the MLUH. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Deltochilum burmeisteri Harold, 1867. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru.
GUAYAS: Bucay (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Inhabits coastal evergreen foothill forests.
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) robustus Gonzáles et al. 2009: 259 (original description. Type locality: Colombia, Caquetá. San José del Fragua. Vda. La Esmeralda Alto del Río Yurayaco 1500 m).
Deltochilum
robustus
:
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) robustus
:
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) robustus González & Molano, 2009. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the IAvH (see
Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.
LOJA: Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 2800 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: Quebrada Granadillas Bosque Protector La Cascada, 1300 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Quijos, 1400 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen CEMT). MORONA SANTIAGO: Angel Rouby sitio 8, 1300 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MUTPL); Untsuants sitio 6, 1100 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Unsuants sitio 7, 900 m (3 specimen MQCAZ); Unsuants sitio 4, 1100 m (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Merá, Estación Biológica Pindo Mirador, 1100 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento Mirador, La Mina, 1320 m (5 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Condor Mirador, 1460 m (1 specimen MUTPL); RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor, conseción El Colibri, 1530 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN; 1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Pachikuntza, 1685 m (1 specimen MEPN; 2 specimens MUTPL).
Collected in January, March, April, May, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests and lower evergreen montane forests in the Amazonian range from 1100–1685 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was collected in the montane cloud forests from 1800–2800 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces and flight interception traps.
Deltochilum tessellatum Bates, 1870: 175 (original description. Type locality: Gualaquiza, Equador [= Ecuador]).
Deltochilum
tessellatum
:
Deltochilum (Eudactyles) tessellatum
:
Deltochilum (Calhyboma) tessellatum
:
Deltochilum tessellatum Bates, 1870. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) and one paralectotype are deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Ecuador. Examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “Ecuador / Buckley [hw]”, “Ex Musæo / H.W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthür [p, green label, black margin]”, “Deltochilum / tessellatum / Bates – type [hw]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Deltochilum / tesselatum / Bates / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2014 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “near / Cuenca [hw]”, “Ex Musæo / H.W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “R. PAULIAN / Vidit [p, black margin]”, “Museum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthur [p, green label, black margin]”, “tessellatum / Bates T. E. S 1870 [hw, black margin]”, “tesellatum Bates / Paulian vd. [hw]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Deltochilum ♀ / teselatum / Bates / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
CARCHI: El Corazón 2100 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). MORONA SANTIAGO: Angel Rouby sitio 9, 2000 m, cordillera del Kutukú (7 specimens MECN); Angel Rouby sitio 10, 1700 m, cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MQCAZ); San Antonio, Limón Indaza, Centro Shuar Wuarints (2 specimens MECN). NAPO: Archidona (1 specimen MQCAZ); Pacto Sumaco, Cotundo, 1500 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Quebrada Granadillas, 1300 m, Bosque Protector la Cascada, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Quijos, 1400 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Hollín (2 specimens MQCAZ). TUNGURAHUA: Baños El Topo, 1590 m (29 specimens CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Chamusquin, 2080 m (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Cordillera de Curintza, 1790 m, Parque Nacional Poducarpus (12 specimens MECN); La Pituca Cuenca del Río Curitza, 1830 m (1 specimen MUTPL); RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor, conseción El Zarza, Parcela 5, 1525 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Romerillos senderos Nangaritza, 2200 m (9 specimens MECN); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Condor Mirador, 1460 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Cara de Indio, 1670 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Pachikuntza, 1685 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zamora km 12–18 (3 specimens MQCAZ).
AZUAY: Cuenca (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, August, September, October, and November.
Inhabits the evergreen montane forests in the Amazonian range from 1300–1700 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered in the montane cloud forests from 1830–2200 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
The lectotype (without specific locality for Ecuador) is here designated and illustrated (♂, deposited at the MNHN, Plate
Deltochilum s. str. Eschscholtz, 1822: 37 (original description. Type species: Deltochilum dentipes Eschscholtz, 1822);
Telhyboma Kolbe, 1893: 192 (original description. Type species: Deltochilum orbiculare Lansberge, 1874);
Deltochilum orbiculare Lansberge, 1874a: 6 (original description. Type locality: Bahia).
Deltochilum
orbiculare
:
Deltochilum (Telhyboma) orbiculare
:
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) orbiculare
:
Deltochilum orbiculare Lansberge, 1874. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. V Lansberge). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Unsuants, 1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (5 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: cerca al Tena, 505 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ); Estación Científica Jatun Sacha, 450 m (11 specimens MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda-Yuca Sur, Estación Palanda 5, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Pindo Suyana, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (36 specimens MQCAZ); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); road to Maxus km 117 Iro, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 215 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (4 specimens MUTPL); San Sebastian de Coca, 345 m, Comuna Guataraco, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); Yampuna (4 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 290 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Quebrada Mansoya, 200 m, Río Putumayo Cuyabeno (1 specimen MUTPL).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Untsuants sitio 7, 900 m (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 200–1100 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods and pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Deltochilum rosamariae Martínez, 1991: 390 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, provincia Los Ríos, Quevedo, Pichilingue).
Deltochilum
rosamariae
:
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) rosamariae
:
Deltochilum rosamariae Martínez, 1991. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the AMIC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
ESMERALDAS: Puerto Balao, 200 m (3 specimens MUTPL). GUAYAS: Cerecita Pta Chapella (3 specimens CEMT); Guayaquil (1 specimen MQCAZ); Guayaquil Los Ceibos (1 specimen CEMT). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo, 45 m, Estación Experimental Pichilingue (1 specimen CEMT); Estación Científica rio Palenque, 200 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: Ayampe, 35 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Montecristi, Pichihuama, 120 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Puerto López, Guale, 110 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Las Tunas, 100 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Puerto Rico, 115 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Río Blanco, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Reserva Jama Coaque, 15 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 50 m (2 specimens CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Santo Domingo (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in all months except October.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests from 45–200 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) Lane, 1946: 175 (cited as subgen. n. Type species: Deltochilum submetallicum (Castelnau, 1840), cited as ortotipo);
Hyboma aequinoctialis Buquet, 1844: 21 (original description. Type locality: Colombie [= Colombia]).
Deltochilum
aequinoctiale
:
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) aequinoctiale
:
Deltochilum
erodioides
Harold, 1867d: 77 (original description);
Hyboma aequinotialis Buquet, 1844. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. D Sharp). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Deltochilum erodioides Harold, 1867. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Steinheil, ex coll. E Harold, ex coll. R Oberthur). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
COTOPAXI: Bosque Integral Otonga, 2080 m (78 specimens CEMT: 7 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MUTPL). PICHINCHA: Chespi, Bellavista, 1380 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Yunguilla, Loma La Liberia, 2400 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Reserva Orquideológica El Pahuma, 1975 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
BOLIVAR: au dessus de Chimbo, 1900 m (
Collected in January, February, March, April, June, July, September, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen lower montane forests and montane cloud forests of the Andean region from 1300–2400 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces. It is possible that the records cited by
Deltochilum barbipes Bates, 1870: 177 (original description. Type locality: Upper Amazons).
Deltochilum
barbipes
:
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) barbipes
:
Deltochilum barbipes Bates, 1870. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. HW Bates and ex coll. R Oberhür). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú, 1290 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán, 600 m (1 specimen CEMT; 2 specimens MUTPL).
Collected in January, June, and December.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 600–1290 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and/or dead chilopods.
Deltochilum (D.) batesi Paulian, 1938: 286 (original description. Type locality: Équateur [= Ecuador], Sarayacu, Macas, Loja).
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) batesi
:
Deltochilum
batesi
:
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) batesi Paulian, 1938. Three syntypes are deposited at the MNHM (ex coll. D. Sharp). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Sarayacu Ecuador / Bucley 1879 [hw]”, “Ex-Musæo / D. Sharp 1890 [p, black margin]”, “R. Paulian / Vidit [p, black margin]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / coll. R. OBERTHÜR [p]”, “-TYPE- / DELTOCHILUM / BATESI / PAULIAN / Dét. F. Génier, 1998 [p and hw, black margin]”, “SYNTYPE [p, red label]”, “MNHN / EC2493 [p, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Equateur / Loja / Abbe Gaujon [p, black margin]”, “D. Batesi Paul. / R. Paulian det. [p and hw]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / coll. R. OBERTHÜR [p]”, “SYNTYPE [p, red label]”, “MNHN / EC2497 [p, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Sarayacu Ecuador / Bucley 1879 [hw]”, “Ex-Musæo / D. Sharp 1890 [p, black margin]”, “Museun Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthur [p, green label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
ORELLANA: Estación Científica Yasuní, 250 m (1 specimen CEMT); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res. (1 specimen CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (5 specimens CEMT); Yampuna (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Sarayacu (2 specimens MNHN). LOJA: without specific locality (1 specimen MNHN).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
Collected in January and September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 250 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion.
Deltochilum (D.) crenulipes Paulian, 1938: 286 (original description. Type locality: Pérou [= Peru], Poazu-Pozuzo, Chanchamayo, Amazones Yurimaguas).
Deltochilum
crenulipes
:
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) crenulipes
:
Deltochilum
(s. str.)
obenbergeri
Balthasar, 1939f: 13 (original description);
Deltochilum crenulipes Paulian, 1938. The lectotype is deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. R Oberthür). Locality: Amazones Yurimaguas, examined.
Lectotype (sex unknown): “Amazones / Yurimaguas [p, black margin]”, “R. PAULIAN / Vidit [p, black margin]”, “D. crenulipes n. sp / Type [hw]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / coll. R. OBERTHÜR [p, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE [p, red label]”, “MNHN / EC2496 [p, black margin]”, “DELTOCHILUM / CRENULIPES / PAULIAN / LECTOTYPE / Dés. F. Génier, 2000 [p and hw, black margin]”.
Deltochilum (s. str.) obenbergeri Balthasar, 1939. The holotype is deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Mera Ecuador, examined.
Holotype (sex unknown): “Mera / Ecuador [p]”, “TYPUS [p, red label]”, “HOLOTYPE [p, red label]”, “1324 / Dok. L. Mencl, 2011 [p, green label]”, “Obenbergeri / m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “DELTOCHILUM / OBENBERGERI / BALTHASAR / HOLOTYPE [hw] / Det. F. Génier [p] 2000 [hw]”.
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Angel Rouby, Codillera del Kutuku, 1300 m (12 specimens MECN); Untsuants sitio 3, Cordillera del Kutuku (7 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: Archidona (11 specimens MQCAZ); Río Hollín, 1100 m (1 specimen CEMT); Bloque 20, Pungarayacu, 610 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Santo Domingo de Hollín, Río Hollin, 635 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Cotundo, La Merced de Jondachi Río Jondachi, 1100 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Misahualli Jungle Lodge unión río Napo y río Misahualli, 1900 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Río Osayacu, 1070 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Sunka, 300 m (5 specimens MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (9 specimens MECN); Daimi (1 specimen CEMT); Dayuma Campo Palanda, Llumpac, 295 m (3 specimens MGO-UC); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (33 specimens CEMT; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE 215 m (2 specimen CEMT; 84 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ (4 specimens MGO-UC; 1 specimen MUTPL); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res. Stn. (2 specimens CEMT); San Sebastián del Coca, Comuna Guataraco, Campo Pata (1 specimen MGO-UC); Yuturi Lodge Río Napo, 270 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglan Alto, 540 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Campo Tiguino, cerca al estero Ñemenguno, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Chuyayacu Oleoducto km 25, 200 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); E. B. Pindo Mirador UTE, 1000 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Mera (1 specimen NMPC); road El Triunfo-Arajuno (1 specimen CEMT); Villano Pandanuque, 420 m (1 specimen MUTPL); SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 290 m (7 specimens MGO-UC); Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 275 m (2 specimens MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to a Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); La Selva Bio. Station 175 km ESE del Coca (4 specimens MQCAZ); Nueva Loja, plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Pichira, Limoncocha (1 specimen MQCAZ); Sacha Lodge, 270 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme, Cara de Indio, 1670 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme Ecsa, road to Polvorín, 1300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme Ecsa vivero, 820 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 200–1680 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) peruanum Paulian, 1939: 2 (original description. Type locality: Pérou [= Peru], Pozuzo-Chanchamayo, Amazones).
Deltochilum
(s. str.)
peruanum
:
Deltochilum
peruanum
:
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) peruanum
:
Deltochilum
(s. str.)
laevigatum
Balthasar, 1939f: 7 (original description);
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) laevigatum
:
Deltochilum
laevigatum
:
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) peruanum Paulian, 1938. The lectotype (sex unknown) is deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Chanchamayo Peru, examined.
Lectotype (sex unknown): “Chanchamayo [hw]”, “Ex-Musæo / D. Sharp 1890 [p, black margin]”, “R. Paulian / Vidit [p, black margin]”, “D. peruanum n. sp / Type [hw]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / coll. R. Oberthur [p]”, “MNHN / EC2492 [p, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE [p, red label]”, “DELTOCHILUM / PERUANUM / PAULIAN / LECTOTYPE / Dés. F. Génier, 2000 [p and hw, black margin]”.
Deltochilum (s. str.) laevigatum Balthasar, 1939. The lectotype (♂) and one paralectotype are deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Peru Chanchamayo, examined.
Lectotype (♂): “O. PERU / Chanchamayo / 1000 m [p]”, “Kolbe determ. / Deltochilum / laevigatum / cotype Kolbe [p and hw]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “laevigatum / m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “1321 / Dok. L Menci, 2001 [p, green label]”, “Senckenberg / Museum [p]”, “LECTOTYPE [p, red label black margin]”, “DELTOCHILUM ♂ / LAEVIGATUM / BALTHASAR / LECTOTYPE [hw] / Des. F. Génier 2000 [p and hw]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “Mera / Ecuador [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “PARALECTOTYPE [p, yellow label]”, “DELTOCHILUM ♀ / LAEVIGATUM / BALTHASAR / Det. F. Génier, 2000 [p and hw]’.
Ecuador and Peru.
PASTAZA: Mera (1 specimen NMPC).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests in the Amazon. The collection method is unknown.
Deltochilum (s. str.) speciosissimum Balthasar, 1939f: 16 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Deltochilum
speciosissimum
:
Deltochilum (Deltohyboma) speciosissimum
: Lane 1847: 110 (synonym of Deltochilum (s. str.) speciosissimum Balthasar, 1939);
Deltochilum (s. str.) speciosissimum Balthasar, 1939. The lectotype (♂) and one paralectotype are deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Ecuador Canelos, examined.
Lectotype (♂): “ECUADOR / Canelos / F. Ohaus S. [p]”, “Kolbe determ. / Deltochilum / pretiosum / ? ♂ Har. [p and hw]”, “LECTOTYPE [p, red label]”, “Speciosissimun / m [hw, green label, black margin]”, “1323 / Dok L. Mencl, 2001 [p, green label]”, “DELTOCHILUM / SPECIOSISSIMUM / BALTHASAR / LECTOTYPE / Dés F. Génier 2000 [p and hw]”.
Paralectotype (♂): “ECUADOR / Sabanilla / F. Ohaus S. / 20. 9. 05 [p and hw]”, “Typus [p, red label]”, “PARALECTOTYPE [p, yellow label]”, “DELTOCHILUM / SPECIOSISSIMUM / BALTHASAR / PARALECTOTYPE / Dés. F. Génier 2000 [p and hw]’.
Only known from Ecuador.
PASTAZA: Canelos (1 specimen NMPC). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Sabanilla [= El Tambo] (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in September and December.
This species may be distributed in the foothill evergreen forests as well as on the low-montane evergreen forests of the Amazon region. The collection method is unknown.
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) Shipp, 1897: 195 (cited as nom. n. Type species: Deltochilum gibbosum (
Hyboma Audinet-Serville, 1825: 352 (original description. Type species: Ateuchus gibbosus Fabricius, 1801);
Tetradontides Paulian, 1938: 259 (original description. Type species: Deltochilum gibbosum
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) loperae
Deltochilum
loperae
:
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) loperae
: González-Alvarado and Vaz-de-Mello 2014: 454 (redescription), 472 (characters in key);
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) loperae González & Molano, 2009. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CECC (see
Colombia and Ecuador.
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (2 specimens MECN). COTOPAXI: km 4 Guasaganda, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT). ESMERALDAS: Playa de Oro, Estero Pote, 200 m (4 specimens CEMT); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (1 specimen MECN); Tsejpi (1 specimen MECN); Tsejpi, Rio Zapallo (1 specimen MECN).
Collected in March, April, February, October, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests from 200–500 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Deltochilum amazonicum Bates, 1887: 37 (original description. Type locality: Amazons, Ega [= Tefé], Pebas).
Deltochilum
amazonicum
:
Deltochilum
gibbosum
Subsp.
amazonicum
:
Deltochilum (Tetraodontides) amazonicum
:
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) amazonicum
:
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) orbignyi amazonicum
: González-Alvarado and Vaz-de-Mello 2014: 450 (cited as new status, distribution), 472 (characters in key);
Deltochilum amazonicum Bates, 1887. The lectotype and four paralectotypes are deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. HW Bates, ex coll. R Oberthur) (see González-Alvarado and Vaz-de-Mello 2014: 450). Locality: Pebas Amazonas, examined.
LECTOTYPE, (♂): “Pebas / Amaz. [hw]”, “Deltochilum / amazonicum / Bates ♂ major [hw]”, “Ex Musæo / H.W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “R. PAULIAN / Vidit [p, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE [p, red label]”, “Museum Paris / ex Coll. / R. Oberthur [p, green label, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Deltochilum / amazonicum / Bates / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2014 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Bosque Domoso, 1650 (1 specimen CEMT; 6 specimens MQCAZ); Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú, 1290 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Untsuants, sitio 7, 900 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (8 specimens MQCAZ); road Mendez-Paute km 8 (1 specimen CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: cerca al Tena, 505 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ); Estación Jatun Sacha, 450 m (19 specimens MQCAZ); Puerto Misahualli Jungle (6 specimens MQCAZ); Tena (4 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Daimi, Pozo Daimi (5 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda-Yuca Sur, plataforma Yuca 13, 255 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, Río Tiputini, 270 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (58 specimens MQCAZ); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (1 specimen CEMT; 9 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco, 345 m, Campo Pata (2 specimen MGO-UC); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal, 345 m, Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL); Yampuna (2 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 510 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Nuevo San José del Curaray, cercanias Río Villano, 245 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); San Virgilio (2 specimen MGO-UC). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, 290 m, Precooperativa Los Vergeles (1 specimen MGO-UC); Nueva Loja plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Shushufindi Campo Drago, 295 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: Baños, El Topo, 1590 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme, campamento Mirador, Valle del Quimi, 1000 m (1 specimen MUTPL); road Mendes-Paute km 8, 1250 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); road Zumbi-Yantzaza km 4, 900 m (1 specimen CEMT; 6 specimens MQCAZ); road Cumbaritza-Gualaquiza km 1, 1100 m (4 specimens MQCAZ).
FCO. DE ORELLANA [= ORELLANA]: Rodrigo Borja, IAMOE (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, varzea forests, foothill evergreen forests, and lower evergreen montane forests of the Amazon region from 250–1590 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) gibbosum panamensis Howden, 1966: 736 (original description. Type locality: Río Changuena [= Río Changuinola], 2400 feet [= 730 m], Bocas del Toro, Panama).
Deltochilum
gibbosum
panamensis
:
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) gibbosum panamensis
:
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) panamensis
: González-Alvarado and Vaz-de-Mello 2014: 440 (cited as new status, redescription), 472 (characters in key);
Deltochilum (Hybomidium) gibbosum panamensis Howden, 1966. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Panama.
BOLIVAR: Bosque Protector Filo Palanga, 970 m (1 specimen MUTPL). EL ORO: San Roque, 930 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Alto Tambo, 850 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Carondelet (5 specimens MECN); Colón del Ónzole (25 specimens MQCAZ, 7 specimens MECN); Charco Vicente (15 specimens MGO-UC; 11 specimens MECN; 17 specimens MQCAZ); Chispero (17 specimnes MQCAZ; 13 specimens MECN); El Progreso (7 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Guadal (5 specimens MQCAZ); Gualpi (12 specimens MQCAZ; 18 specimens MECN); Majua (19 specimens MQCAZ, 7 specimens MECN); Palma Real (7 specimens MGO-UC; 15 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro (1 specimen CEMT; 8 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Estero Pote, 200 m (14 specimens CEMT; 21 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (58 specimens MGO-UC; 15 specimens MECN; 33 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (30 specimens MGO-UC; 17 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro Pistolas (2 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Río Santiago, 200 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Ricauter (8 specimens MQCAZ; 2 specimens MECN); Tsejpi (17 specimnes MQCAZ; 7 specimens MECN); Tsejpi rio Zapallo (5 specimens MQCAZ); Vainilla (5 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA: El Chontal, El Cauchero, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Lita, 680 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: Ayampe, 35 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López Comunidad Agua Blanca, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Guale, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López Río Chico (1 specimen MUTPL). PICHINCHA: Llurimaguas, Río Guayllabamba, 290 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MGO-UC); El Tigre Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Guayabilla, 520 m, Río Guayllabamba Manduriacus (1 specimen MGO-UC). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 50 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Valle Hermoso km 24 road to Santo Domingo (1 specimen MGO-UC).
ESMERALDAS: Pajonal (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests, coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests, and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 200–930 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Dendropaemon Perty, 1830: 38 (original description. Type species: Eurysternus piceus Perty, 1830 by subsequent designation by Blut, 1939: 267).
Dendropaemon:
Tetramereia Klages, 1907: 141 (original description. Type species: Tetramereia fredereckii
Boucomontius d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 120 (original description. Type species: Dendropaemon convexum Harold, 1869);
Dendropaemon (Crassipaemon) Cupello & Génier, 2017: 823 (redescription, distribution, cited as new subgenus of Dendropaemon Perty, 1830. Type species: Dendropaemon amyntas Lacordaire, 1856);
Dendropaemon (Onthoecus) Dejean, 1833: 140 (nom. nud.);
Dendropaemon (Onthoecus) morettoi Génier & Arnaud, 2016: 61 (original description. Type locality: Santé Fé/ de Bogota).
Dendropaemon (Crassipaemon) morettoi
:
Dendropaemon (Onthoecus) morettoi Génier & Arnaud, 2016. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see:
Colombia and Ecuador.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
It is not known when this species was collected.
It is possible that this species occurs in the evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region. The collection method is unknown.
Dendropaemon (Glaphyropaemon) Génier & Arnaud, 2016: 46 (original description. Type species: Dendropaemon angustipennis Harold, 1869), 85 (characters in key);
Dendropaemon angustipennis Harold, 1869a: 99 (original description. Type locality: Ega [= Tefé]).
Dendropaemon
angustipennis
:
Dendropaemon
angustipenne
:
Dendropaemon (Dendropaemon) angustipenne
:
Dendropaemon (Glaphyropaemon) angustipennis
:
Dendropaemon
silvanus
Blut, 1939: 277 (cited as nom. nov., original description);
Dendropaemon
silvanum
:
Dendropaemon (Dendropaemon) silvanum
:
Dendropaemon (Glaphyropaemon) angustipennis Harold, 1869. The lectotype (♀) is deposited at the MNHN (see:
Dendropaemon silvanus Blut, 1939. Type material not examined.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Estación Científica Yasuní, 250 m (1 specimen MQCAZ).
ORELLANA: Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (
Collected in February, April, July, and September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon at 250 m a.s.l. Collected manually.
Dichotomius Hope, 1838: 321 (original description. Type species: Dichotomius boreus (Olivier, 1789) by original designation, see
Dichotomius:
Pinotus Erichson, 1847: 108 (original description);
Brachycopris Haldeman, 1848: 125 (original description. Type species: Copris carolina Linnaeus, 1767);
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) s. str. Hope, 1838: 321 (original description. Type species: Dichotomius boreus (Olivier, 1789), original combination);
Pinotus compressicollis Luederwaldt, 1929: 125 (original description. Type locality: Columbia).
Pinotus
compressicollis
:
Dichotomius
compressicollis
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) compressicollis
:
Pinotus compressicollis Luederwaldt, 1929. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia and Ecuador
NAPO: Puerto Napo, 480 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ORELLANA: Dayuma, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma, plataforma Primavera, 300 m (1 specimen CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555–610 m (2 specimens MUTPL); road Triunfo-Arajuno (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Pacayacu Campo Libertador (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in June, August, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 230–610 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Copris cotopaxi Guérin-Méneville, 1855: 588 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Pinotus
cotopaxi
:
Dichotomius
cotopaxi
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) cotopaxi
:
Copris
scalpellum
Taschenberg, 1870: 181 (original description);
Pinotus
abnormis
Luederwaldt, 1923: 3 (original description);
Copris cotopaxi Guérin-Méneville, 1855. Type material not examined.
Copris scalpellum Taschenberg, 1870. One syntype examined deposited at the MLHU. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (sex unknown): “Scalpellum / Tascher. 1870 / Loja (Ecuad) Wallis [hw, black margin]”, “MLU.- Halle / WB Zoologie / S.- Nr. 81415 [p and hw]”.
Pinotus abnormis Luederwaldt, 1923. Six syntypes examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “ECUADOR / Bannos / II. 12. 05 F. Ohs. [p]”, “Pinotus ♂ / abnormis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”, “ forma a [hw]”, “17256 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label]”.
Syntype (♀): “Colta 3400 m. / F. Ohs. 9. 7. 05 [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”, “17255 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label]”.
Syntype (♂): “ S. Ecuador / Loja / F. Ohs. 6. 10. 05 [p]”, “Pinotus ♂ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22. / forma b. [hw]”, “17257 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label]”.
Syntype (♀): “Loja Calvario / F. Ohs. 5. 8. 05 [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22. / forma b. [hw]”, “17258 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label]”.
Syntype (♂): “Riobamba / Cubillin 3500 m / F. Ohs. 5. 7. 05 [p]”, “Pinotus ♂ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”, “17259 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label]”.
Syntype (♂): “Riobamba / Cubillin 3500 m / F. Ohs. 5. 7. 05 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label]”, “17258 [p]”, “Pinotus ♂ / abnornis Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
AZUAY: SigSig (3 specimens MQCAZ). BOLIVAR: Cashca Totoras (3 specimens MQCAZ); Santiago (2 specimens MQCAZ). CAÑAR: El Tambo (2 specimens MQCAZ); road to Taday, 3370 m (1 specimen MUTPL). COTOPAXI: Callo Caspi, Parque Nacional Cotopaxi (5 specimens MQCAZ); Cusubamba (2 specimens MQCAZ); Latacunga (4 specimens MQCAZ); Laso, 3400 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Salcedo (4 specimens MQCAZ). CHIMBORAZO: Candelaria, 3050 (2 specimen CEMT); Colta, 3400 m (1 specimen MZUSP); Penipe (1 specimen MQCAZ); Riobamba-Cubillin, 3500 m (1 specimen MZUSP). LOJA: Angashcola, 2740 m (5 specimen MUTPL); Argelia (3 specimen MQCAZ); Loja, Amauta (1 specimen MUTPL); Loja, Cerro El Villonaco, 2740 m (4 specimen MUTPL); Rocafuerte, 2900 m (1 specimen CEMT); San Lucas, 2475 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); without specific locality (1 specimen MLHU, 1 specimen MZUSP). TUNGURAGUA: Bannos [= Baños] (1 specimen MZUSP); Baños (3 specimens CEMT); Baños, El Pelotero (1 specimen MQCAZ); Pillaro, 2850 m (2 specimens CEMT).
BOLIVAR: Telimbela (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forest from of the Andean region from 2270–3500 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with human feces. According to our data, D. cotopaxi is distributed across the eastern side of the Andes. However,
Pinotus divergens Luederwaldt, 1923: 3 (original description. Type locality: Bucay, west Ecuador, 300 m).
Pinotus
divergens
:
Dichotomius
divergens
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) divergens
:
Pinotus divergens Luederwaldt, 1923. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “W. ECUADOR / Pucay / 1–5.XII.05. F. Ohs. 5. 7. 05 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label]”, “Pinotus ♂ / divergens L. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”.
Syntype (♂): “W. ECUADOR / Pucay / 1–5.XII.05. F. Ohs. 5. 7. 05 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label]”, “Pinotus ♂ / divergens L. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”.
Ecuador and Colombia.
BOLIVAR: Bosque Protector Filo Palanga, 970 m (1 specimen MUTPL). CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (6 specimens MECN). COTOPAXI: Guasaganda km 4, 500 m (7 specimens MQCAZ). EL ORO: Bella María Los Ingleses, 440 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Buenaventura Bajo, 500 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Reserva Jocotoco, 1250 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Carondelet (8 specimens MQCAZ); Colon del Ónzole (21 specimens MQCAZ; 17 specimens MECN); Chispero (11 specimens MQCAZ; 15 specimens MECN); El Progreso (3 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Gallinazo (4 specimens MQCAZ); Jeyambi (7 specimens MQCAZ; 11 specimens MECN); Majua (17 specimens MQCAZ; 20 specimens MECN); Los Ajos (2 specimens MQCAZ); Pajonal (9 specimens MQCAZ; 16 specimens MECN); Palma Real (1 specimen CEMT; 25 specimens MQCAZ; 17 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (26 specimens MQCAZ; 11 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (33 specimens MQCAZ; 20 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Pote (3 specimens CEMT; 16 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (7 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Ricauter (1 specimen MQCAZ); Salto del Bravo (9 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Tjespi (19 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Zabalito (4 specimens MQCAZ). GUAYAS: Pucay [= Bucay] (1 specimen MZUSP). IMBABURA: Lita, 685 m (2 specimens CEMT; 2 specimens MECN). LOS RÍOS: Río Palenque Science Ctr, 150–220 m (7 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Chespi, 1300 m, Bellavista (2 specimens MUTPL); El Encuentro, 620 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); El Tigre Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica la Hesperia, 1200 m (4 specimens MUTPL); Río Guayllabamba Guayabilla, 520 m, Manduriacus (3 specimens MUTPL); Río Guayllabamba LLurimaguas, 290 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL); Mangaloma, 720 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); Nanegalito, 1000 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); Río Guayllabamba Tortugo, 450 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL); Río Guayllabamba San Roque, 580 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: 2 km N de Alluriquin, 1070 m (1 specimen MUTPL); 47 km S de Santo Domingo (3 specimens CEMT); Río Toachi, 900 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); Tinalandia, 650 m (1 specimen CEMT).
GUAYAS: Bucay, 300 m (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 150–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion, cow dung, and human feces.
Pinotus mamillatus Felsche, 1901: 143 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Pinotus
mamillatus
:
Dichotomius
mamillatus
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) mamillatus
:
Pinotus mamillatus Felsche, 1901. One syntype (♂) examined deposited at the SMTD. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Ecuador / Baron [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”, “mamillatus / Felsche / Ecuador [hw, purple label]”, “Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde D esden [p]”.
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Cumpi, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MUTPL); road Mendez-Paute, 1250 m (2 specimens CEMT; 5 specimens MQCAZ); NAPO: Nor Oeste de Puerto Napo, 470 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tena (3 specimens CEMT). ORELLANA: Bloque 31 Parque Nacional Yasuní (5 specimens MECN); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda-Yuca Sur plataforma Yuca 13, 255 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní Puce, 250 m (19 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 285 m, Parque Nacional Yasuni (7 specimes MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (1 specimen CEMT; 9 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Guataraco, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastián del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Shamanal, Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Chuyayacu, 200 m, Oleoducto km 25 (1 specimen MUTPL); Nuevo San Jose del Curaray, 245 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Pandanuque, 420 m (1 specimen MUTPL); San Virgilio (1 specimen MUTPL); Villano (3 specimens MECN). SUCUMBÍOS: Limoncocha, 250 m (2 speciemens CEMT); 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 290 m (4 specimens MGO-UC); Aucayacu Río El Eno, 275 m, 16 km de Lago Agrio (2 specimens MGO-UC); Nueva Loja plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu, 265 m, Campo Libertador, Tapi (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zabalo, 520 m (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento, 800 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, San Marcos, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Las Maravillas, 1060 m (1 specimen COSEC); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (2 specimens MEPN; 1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen SMTD).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, varzea forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 200–1060 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Pinotus monstrosus Harold, 1875c: 210 (original description. Type locality: Medellin und La Mesa Nue Granda [= Nueva Granada, Colombia]).
Pinotus
monstrosus
:
Dichotomius
monstrosus
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) monstrosus
:
Pinotus monstrosus Harold, 1875. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Steinheil). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia and Ecuador.
CARCHI: El Carmelo, 2800 m (2 specimens MUTPL). NAPO: Cosanga, 2150 m (1 specimen MEPN); Cordillera de los Guacamayos (1 specimen CEMT); Oyacachi road to Chaco, 2600 m (1 specimen CEMT); Oyacachi, 2350 (1 specimen CEMT); Sumaco, 3100 m (2 specimen MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: La Bonita (1 specimen CEMT).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
Collected in January, February, March, July, October, and November.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2150–3100 m a.s.l. Collected manually.
Pinotus ohausi Luederwaldt, 1923: 6 (original description. Type locality: Napo, Ecuador).
Pinotus
ohausi
:
Dichotomius
ohausi
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) ohausi
:
Pinotus ohausi Luederwaldt, 1923. One syntype examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “-Napo- / (Ecuad.) / R. Haensch S [p]”, “Pinotus ♂ / divergens L. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”, “17130 [p]”, “F. Pereira 1941 [hw]”, “COTIPO [p, red label, black margin]”.
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Koan, Cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MUTPL); NAPO: Bloque 20, Pungarayacu, 610 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, 400 m, 21 km E de Puerto Napo (8 specimens MECN); without specific locality (1 specimen MZUSP). ORELLANA: Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, LLumpac, 295 m (1 specimen MGO-UC; 1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Yasuní PUCE, 300 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (19 specimens MQCAZ); Pozo Daimi 1 (1 specimen CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (2 specimens CEMT; 9 specimens MECN); San Sebastian de Coca, 345 m, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastián del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Shamanal Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660–810 m (1 specimen MUTPL); road Triunfo-Arajuno (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Limoncocha, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 290 m (2 specimens MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Gonzalo Pizarro, Simón Bolivar, 1200 m (5 specimens MECN); Nueva Loja, plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, Tapi, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, Tetete, 290 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Shushufindi (5 specimens MECN); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, varzea forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 200–1060 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Pinotus podalirius Felsche, 1901: 137 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Pinotus
podalirius
:
Dichotomius
podalirius
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) podalirius
:
Pinotus podalirius Felsche, 1901. One syntypes examined deposited at the SMTD. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Ecuador / Baron [p]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”, “Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde D esden [p]”.
Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador.
NAPO: Bloque 20, Pungarayacu, 610 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, 400 m, 21 km E de Puerto Napo (4 specimens MECN); Tena (1 specimen CEMT). ORELLANA: Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma, Campo Palanda plataforma Pindo 14, 255 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 200 m (6 specimens CEMT; 18 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 285 m, Parque Nacional Yasuni (2 specimens MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (1 specimen CEMT; 5 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555–950 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Nuevo San Jose del Curaray, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Ñemenguno, 280 m (1 specimen MUTPL); San Virgilio (1 specimen MUTPL); Villano (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 290 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); km 10 Trocha Zabalo-Guepi, 220 m, Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno (1 specimen MUTPL); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Lago Agrio (3 specimens MECN); Nueva Loja, plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Sansahuari, 290 m, Pozo Singüe (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tipirishca (2 specimen MECN). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento, 800 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme, campamento Mirador, San Marcos, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen SMTD).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–1010 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Dichotomius (D) prietoi Martínez & Martínez, 1982: 3 (original description. Type locality: Departamento de Cochabamba, provincia de Chaparé, Chimoré, 250–450 m).
Dichotomius
prietoi
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) prietoi
:
Dichotomius (D) prietoi Martínez & Martínez, 1982. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MACN. Locality: Boliva, Dpto. Cochabamba, Chimore, 250 m. Examined.
Holotype: “Ene: 972 / BOLIVIA / D° Cachabamba / Pcia Chapare / Chimore, 250 m / Coll. Martínez [hw]”, “Dichotomius (D.) prietoi / sp. nov. / ♂ A. Martínez y / A. MARTÍNEZ DET. 1981 [p and hw, pink label, black margin]”, “MACN-En / 1574 [p]”, “HOLOTYPUS [p, orange label]”.
Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Angel Rouby Sitio 8, Cordillera del Kutukú, 1300 m (9 specimens MQCAZ); Comunidad Unsuants sitio 3, Cordillera del Kutukú, 700 m (1 specimen MUTPL; 11 specimens MQCAZ). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento Mirador, San Marcos, 900 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Escombrera Norte, 1245 m (2 specimens MUTPL); road Namirez-Zamora km 1, 1000 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Río Nangaritza, 1000 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (2 specimens MEPN; 2 specimens MUTPL); Zurmi, Reserva Maycu, 875 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (2 specimens MUTPL; 2 specimens MEPN); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in January, February, April, May, July, August, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests across the Amazonian range from 700–1300 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Pinotus protectus Harold, 1867e: 98 (original description. Type locality: Columbia [= Colombia]).
Pinotus
protectus
:
Dichotomius
protectus
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) protectus
:
Pinotus protectus Harold, 1867. Four syntypes examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Loja / Oscordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 30.9.05 [p]”, “forma a. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♂ / protectus Har. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”, “17200 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Loja / Oscordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 30.9.05 [p]”, “forma a. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♂ / protectus Har. / Lüd. det. 25 [hw]”, “17201 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “O. ECUADOR / Canelos / F. Ohs. 23.12.05 [p]”, “Pinotus ♂ / protectus Har. / Lüd. det. 25 [hw]”, “Forma a”, “17202 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Loja / Oscordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 30.9.05 [p]”, “forma b. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / protectus H. / Lüd. det. 22 [hw]”, “17203 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
LOJA: Sabanilla [= El Tambo, ZAMORA CHINCHIPE] (3 specimens MZUSP). MORONA SANTIAGO: Chiguinda Río Blanco, 1730 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Macas, 1000 m (1 specimen CEMT). NAPO: Quebrada Granadillas Bosque Protector La Cascada, 1300 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacto Sumaco, 1620 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Las Palmas (1 specimen MUTPL); Punte Río Quijos, 1400 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (3 specimens MUTPL); Puente Río El Salado-Río Quijos, 1280 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Santa Rosa (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Canelos (1 specimen MZUSP), Puyo (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: La Sofía, 1800 m (1 specimen MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: 2 km N de Baños, 1800 m (1 specimen CEMT); 4.3 km de Río Negro, 1200 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Baños, 2200 m (1 specimen CEMT); Baños, El Topo, 1590 m (44 specimens CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Cordillera la Curintza, 1790 m (12 specimens MECN); Chito Río Sangolas, 1540 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Chito Río San Francisco, 1800 m (1 specimen MUTPL); RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor, conseción El Zarza, 1510 m (1 specimen MUTPL); RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor conseción El Colibri, 1535 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme, campamento Mirador road to La Cara del Indio, 1670 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, La Mina, 1320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MUTPL; 1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi, Pachikuntza, 1685 m (1 specimen MUTPL; 1 specimen MEPN); road to Condor km 38, 1800 m (1 specimen CEMT).
LOJA: Sabanilla [= El Tambo, ZAMORA CHINCHIPE], 1900 m (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, July, September, October, and November.
Inhabits the lower evergreen montane forests in the Amazonian range from 1300–1730 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered in the montane cloud forests from 1800–2200 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Pinotus provisorius Luederwaldt, 1925: 67 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Pinotus
provisorius
:
Dichotomius
provisorius
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) provisorius
:
Pinotus provisorius Luederwaldt, 1925. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♀): “Loja [hw]”, “bengder. / F. Ohaus lg. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / provisorius Lüd. / Lüeder. det. 25. [hw]”, “17246 [p]”, “♀ [hw]”, “COTIPO [p, black margin, purple label]”.
Syntype (♀): “O.ECUADOR / Macas Feyer [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / provisorius Lüd. / Lüeder. det. 24. [hw]”, “17247 [p]”, “♀ [hw]”, “COTIPO [p, black margin, purple label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA: without specific locality (1 specimen MZUSP). MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas: (1 specimen MZUSP).
It is not known when this species was collected.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region. The collection method is unknown.
Pinotus quinquedens Felsche, 1910: 343 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Los Llanos).
Pinotus
quinquedens
:
Dichotomius
quinquedens
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) quinquedens
:
Pinotus quinquedens Felsche, 1910. Seven syntypes examined deposited at the SMTD. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Los Lanos / Ecuador [p, black margin]”, “quinquendens- / tatus Felsche / Ecuador [hw, purpure margin]”, “Typus. [p, red label]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Los Lanos / Ecuador [p, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Los Lanos / Ecuador [p, red label, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Los Lanos / Ecuador [p, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Los Lanos / Ecuador [p, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Los Lanos / Ecuador [p, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Los Lanos / Ecuador [p, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
BOLIVAR: Bosque Protector Filo Palanga, 970 m (1 specimen MUTPL). CAÑAR: Cochancay, 1000 m (4 specimens CEMT); Javín, 850–1400 m (4 specimens CEMT); Joyapal (1 specimen MQCAZ). COTOPAXI: 4 km de Guasaganda, 500 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Bosque Integral Otonga, 1800 m (2 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ); Los Libres, 2015 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); San Francisco de Las Pampa, 1500 m (7 specimens CEMT). EL ORO: Salvias Río Elvira, 1180 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Reserva Jocotoco, 1250 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: El Placer, road Ibarra-San Lorenzo, 670 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Estación Biológica Bilsa, 500 m (1 specimen MEPN); Playa de Oro, Estero Pote, 200 m (1 specimen CEMT). IMBABURA: Lita (2 specimens CEMT); Santa Cecilia (1 specimen QCAZ). MANABÍ: Puerto López, Guale, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, San Sebastian, 480 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PICHINCHA: Choconde San Miguel de los Bancos, 1200 m (4 specimens MUTPL); Chespi, Bellavista, 1380 (4 specimens MUTPL); Chiriboga, 1500 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Estación Biológica Maquipucuna, 1650 (2 specimens MUTPL); Estación Biológica la Hesperia, 1200 m (2 specimens CEMT); Mindo, 1500 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Palmeras (1 specimen MQCAZ); Pampas Argentinas (1 specimen MQCAZ). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Río Toachi (1 specimen MQCAZ); Santo Domingo (2 specimens CEMT). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Los Lanos [= Los Llanos] (7 specimens SMTD).
Collected in all months except September.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 200–1300 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered for the evergreen lower montane forests from 1500–1800 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Pinotus quinquelobatus Felsche, 1901: 138 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Pinotus
quinquelobatus
:
Dichotomius
quinquelobatus
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) quinquelobatus
:
Pinotus quinquelobatus Felsche, 1901. One syntype examined deposited at the SMTD. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Ecuador / Baron [p]”, “quinquelobatus / Felsche / Ecuador. [hw, purple label]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”, “Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde D esden [p]”, “TYPUS [p, red label, black margin]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Bosque Domoso, 1650 m (1 specimen CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ); Comunidad Angel Rouby sitio 8, Cordillera del Kutukú, 1300 m (5 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); Comunidad Untsuants sitio 6, Cordillera del Kutukú, 1100 m (3 specimens MQCAZ; 2 specimens MECN); Macas (2 specimens MQCAZ); Yapitia, 1075 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). NAPO: Cotundo Río Osayacu sector Shamato, 1070 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Río Hollín, 1100 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 810–950 m (2 specimens MUTPL); LLandia 17 km N del Puyo, 1000 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); Mera Estación Biológica de la UTE Pindo Mirador, 1000 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Bosque Protector la Cascada Río Coca, 640 m (1 specimen MUTPL); La Bonita, 1800 m (1 specimen CEMT); Lumbaqui, 860 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); road La Alegría-La Bonita km 32 (3 specimens MECN). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Bombuscaru, Parque Nacional Podocarpus (4 specimens MECN); Tundayme campamento Mirador, La Mina, 1320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); road Namirez-Zamora km 1, 1000 m (3 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi, Cumunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN; 1 specimen MUTPL). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen SMTD).
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests and lower evergreen montane forests in the Amazonian range from 640–1800 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion, human feces, and pig feces.
Pinotus reclinatus Felsche, 1901: 135 (original description. Type locality: Columbia, Cachabé).
Pinotus
reclinatus
:
Dichotomius
reclinatus
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) reclinatus
:
Pinotus reclinatus Felsche, 1901. The holotype is deposited at the SMTD. Locality: Cachabé. Examined.
Holotype (♀): “Cachabé / low c. XII. 96. / (Rosenberg). [p, black margin]” , “Typus. [p, red label]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”, “reclinatus / Felsche / Colombia [hw, purpure margin]”, “HOLOTYPE ♀ [p, black margin]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
ESMERALDAS: Playa de Oro, Pote (1 specimen MQCAZ). COTOPAXI: 4 km de Guasaganda, 300 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). GUAYAS: Bucay, 300 m (1 specimen MZSP). IMBABURA: Lita, 680 m (2 specimens CEMT); Junin (1 specimen MUTPL). LOS RIOS: 47 km S de Santo Domingo, 250 m, Río Palenque Station (1 specimen CMNC). PICHINCHA: Chiriboga, 1800 m (2 specimens CEMT); Choconde, 1200 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); Estr. Chiriboga, 1300 m (1 specimen CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: 16 K m SE Santo Domingo, 680 m, Tinalandia (1 specimen CMNC).
Collected in February, March, June, July, October, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 250–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Pinotus (s. str.) robustus Luederwaldt, 1935: 337 (original description. Type locality: British Guiana, Essequibo R., Moraballi Creek).
Pinotus
robustus
:
Dichotomius
robustus
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) robustus
:
Pinotus (s. str.) robustus Luederwaldt, 1935. Five syntypes examined, deposited at the NHML and MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia, Guyana, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini campamento, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Parahuaco, 290 m (1 specimen CEMT); Sansahuari, Pozo Singue, 285 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in January, April, and July.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–290 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Pinotus satanas var. angustus Luederwaldt, 1923: 10 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador Sarayacu; Ost-Kordillere, Sued-Ecuador [= eastern Cordillera, southern Ecuador], 300 m; Canolos [= Canelos] Ost-Ecuador [= eastern Cordillera, Ecuador], 700 m; Macas Ost-Ecuador [= eastern Cordillera, Ecuador]; Loja-Sabanilla Ost-Ecuador [= eastern Cordillera, Ecuador]; Bannos-Mirador [= Baños-Mirador] Ost-Ecuador [= eastern Cordillera, Ecuador], 14–1600 m).
Pinotus
satanas
var.
angustus
:
Pinotus
angustus
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) satanas angustus
:
Pinotus satanas var. angustus Luederwaldt, 1923. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “O.ECUADOR / Canelos / F. Ohs. 23. 12. 05 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, black margin, red label]”, “Pinotus ♂ / angustus Lüd. / Lüd. det. 22. [hw]”, “17228 [p]”.
Syntype (♂): “Sud-Ecuador, / Ostcordill 3000 m. / F. Ohaus 19-x- [hw]”, “17226 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, black margin, red label]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
LOJA: without specific locality (1 specimen MZUSP). NAPO: Archidona (1 specimen CEMT); Cabañas San Isidro, 2 km NW de Cosanga, 2150 m (2 specimens CEMT); Cosanga Yanayacu Biost, 2150 m (3 specimens MECN); Río Hollín, 1100 m (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Canelos (1 specimen MZUSP). TUNGURAHUA: Baños El Topo, 1590 m (24 specimens CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: La Sofía, 1800 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Sebundoy, 2200 m (2 specimens MECN). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Bombuscaru, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 1150 m (2 specimens MECN); Chito Río Sangolas, 1800 m (4 specimens MUTPL); San Andres, 1850 m (4 specimens CEMT). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Ostcordill [= without specific locality], 3000 m (1 specimen MZUSP).
LOJA: Sabanilla [= El Tambo, ZAMORA CHINCHIPE] (
Collected in January, February, May, July, October, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 700–1150 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the evergreen montane forests and montane cloud forests from 1600–2200 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) Martínez, 1951b: 140 (cited as new name subgeneric. Designation type species: Copris nisus Olivier, 1789);
Pinotus fortepunctatus Luederwaldt, 1923: 4 (original description. Type locality: Bucay, west- Ecuador 300 m).
Pinotus
fortepunctatus
:
Dichotomius
fortepunctatus
:
Dichotomius (Dichotomius) fortepunctatus
:
Pinotus
fortepunctatus
var.
catenatus
Luederwaldt, 1931b: 300 (original description);
Pinotus globulus Felsche, 1901: 141 (original description. Type locality: Amazonas).
Pinotus
globulus
:
Dichotomius
globulus
:
Pinotus fortepunctatus Luederwaldt, 1923. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) and one paralectotype are deposited at the MZUSP. Locality: Bucay, Equador, examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “Bucay 200 m / F. Ohs. II. 05 [p]”, “Equador / Bucay / II. 90 5 [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / fortepuntatus Lüd. i. Lit. [hw]”, “♀ [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”, “17741 [p]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Pinotus / fortepunctatus / Luederwaldt, 1923 / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2018 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♂): “Equador / Bucay / 12. VI. 905 [hw]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”, “Pinotus ♂ / fortepunctatus / Lüd. i. Lit. [hw]”, “17741 [p]”, “PARALECTOTYPE ♂ / Pinotus / fortepunctatus / Luederwaldt, 1923 / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2018 [p and hw, yellow label, black margin]”.
Pinotus globulus Felsche, 1901. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) and six paralectotypes are deposited at the SMTD. Locality: Iquitus. Examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “Iquitos [p, green label]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 21 1918 [p, green lable, black margin]”, “Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde Dresden [p]”, “Typus [p, red label]”, “globulus / Felsche [illegible] [hw, purple margin]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Pinotus / globulus /Felsche / des. F.Z.Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “Iquitos [p, green label]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20 1918 [p, green lable, black margin]”, “Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde Dresden [p]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Pinotus ♀ / globulus / Felche / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2014 [p and hw, yellow label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “Manaos [p, green label]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20 1918 [p, green lable, black margin]”, “Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde Dresden [p]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Pinotus ♀ / globulus / Felche / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2014 [p and hw, yellow label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “Rio Cachiyacu / Iquitos / Stuart. 93 [p,]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20 1918 [p, green lable, black margin]”, “Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde Dresden [p]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Pinotus ♀ / globulus / Felche / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2014 [p and hw, yellow label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♀): “Iquitos [p, green label]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20 1918 [p, green lable, black margin]”, “Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde Dresden [p]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Pinotus ♀ / globulus / Felche / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2014 [p and hw, yellow label, black margin]”.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (7 specimens MECN). COTOPAXI: Guasaganda km 4, 500 m (3 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Colón del Onzole (4 specimens MQCAZ; 6 specimens MECN); Charco Vicente (6 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Gualpi (2 specimens MECN); Gualpi, El Pajonal (11 specimens MECN); El Progreso (2 specimens MECN); Salto del Bravo (7 specimens MQCAZ; 12 specimens MECN). GUAYAS: Bucay (2 specimens MZUSP). IMBABURA: El Chontal, El Cauchero, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL). LOS RÍOS: 47 km S. Sto Domingo, Río Palenque Station, 250 m (4 specimens CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Río Palenque Station (34 specimens CEMT). PICHINCHA: Bosque Protector Milpe-Río Pachijal, 1200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Encuentro, 620 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); La Florida (1 specimen MQCAZ); Guayabilla, 520 m, Río Guayllabamba Manduriacus; Mindo; Pedro Vicente Maldonado, 600 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Llurimaguas, 290 m, Río Guayllabamba Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Tortugo, 450 m, Río Guayllabamba Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); San Roque, 580 m, Río Guayllabamba Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Hda Pupusa (1 specimen MQCAZ); Río Silanche (1 specimen MQCAZ); Santo Domingo, Puerto Limón, 395 m (2 specimens MUTPL).
GUAYAS: Bucay (
Collected in all months except January.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 290–1200 m a.s.l. Collected using canopy fogging methods and pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Dichotomius hempeli Pereira, 1942: 38 (original description. Type locality: Equador, Loja EW, Piscobamba).
Dichotomius
hempeli
:
Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) hempeli
:
Dichotomius hempeli Pereira, 1942. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the MZUSP (see
Holotype (♀): “S. ECUADOR / Piscobamba / M. Watt [p]”, “TIPO [p, red label, black margin]”, “Pinotus / Hempeli / Lüd. / Lüd. det. 23 [hw]”, “♀ [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / hempeli / sp. n. / P. Pereira det. 942 [p and hw, black margin]”, “17464 [p]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA: Piscobamba (1 specimen MZUSP).
It is not known when this species was collected.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests in the Andean region. The collection method is unknown.
Pinotus problematicus Luederwaldt, 1923: 7 (original description. Type locality: Franz Guiana [= French Guiana], Peru, Loja Sued-Ecuador, Piscobamba Sued-Ecuador, Guayaquil West-Ecuador).
Pinotus
problematicus
:
Dichotomius
problematicus
:
Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) problematicus
:
Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) problematicus var. problematicus
:
Dichotomius
problematicus
var.
planus
Luederwaldt, 1923: 9 (original description);
Pinotus problematicus Luederwaldt, 1923. Twelve syntypes examined deposited at the MZUSP. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Loja / Oscordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 29. 9. 05 [p]”, “Pinotus / problemat. Lüd. / forma b. / Lüd. det. 23 [hw]”, “Pinotus ♂ / inachus Er. / var. problemat. Lueder. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17543 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “ECUADOR / Sigiro E. W. [p]”, “Pinotus ♂ / problemat. Lüd. / forma a. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♂ / inachus Er. / forma a. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17532 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “ECUADOR / Arenal E. W. [p]”, “Pinotus ♂ / problemat. Lüd. / forma a. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♂ / inachus Er. / forma a. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17533 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “ECUADOR / Arenal E. W. [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / problemat. Lüd. ? / forma a. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / inachus Er. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17534 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “S. Ecuador / Piscobamba / M. Witt [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / inachus Er. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / problemat. Lüd. / forma c. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “17535 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “S. Ecuador / Piscobamba / M. Witt [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / problemat Lüd / forma c / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / inachus Er. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17536 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “ECUADOR / Sigiro E. W. [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / problemat. Lüd. / forma a. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / inachus Er. / forma a. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17537 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Ecuador / Loja E. W [p]”, “Kein Penis. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / problemat. Lüd. / forma a. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / inachus Er. / forma a. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17538 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Ecuador / Loja E. W. [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / problemat. Lüd. / forma c. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / inachus Er. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17539 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “S. Ecuador / Loja / F. Ohs. 8. 10. 05 [p]”, “Pinotus ♀ / problemat. Lüd. / forma c. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / inachus Er. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17540 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “S. Ecuador / Piscobamba / M. Witt [p]”, “Pinotus sp / nr inachus Har [hw]” , “Pinotus ♂ / problemat. Lüd. / forma c. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♂ / inachus Er. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “17541 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Loja [illegible, p]”, “Kein Penis ! [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / problemat. Lüd. / forma b. / Lüd. det. 23. [hw]”, “Pinotus ♀ / inachus var. pro- / blemat Lueder. / Lueder. det. 28. [hw]”, “♀ [hw]”, “17544 [p]”, “COTIPO [p, pink label, black margin]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
LOJA: Comunidades Río Yangana, 1500 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); El Arenal (2 specimens MZUSP); Los Malacatos (1 specimen MQCAZ); Piscobamba (3 specimens MZUSP); San Pedro de Vilcabamba (1 specimen MQCAZ); Sabanilla [= El Tambo ZAMORA CHINCHIPE] (1 specimen MZUSP); Sigiro (2 specimens MZUSP); without specific locality (4 specimens MZUSP). MORONA SANTIAGO: Bosque Domoso (5 specimens CEMT; 2 specimens MQCAZ); road Mendez-Paute km 8 (1 specimen CEMT). NAPO: Rio Hollín, 1500 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: road Triunfo-Arajuno (3 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: Gonzalo Pizarro, Simón Bolivar, 1200 m (3 specimens MECN). TUNGURAHUA: Baños, El Topo, 1590 m (56 specimens CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: km 1 road Cumbaritza-Gualaquiza, 1100 m (12 specimens CEMT; 13 specimens MQCAZ); km 1 road Namirez-Zamora, 1000 m (8 specimens CEMT; 13 specimens MQCAZ); km 4 road Zumbi-Yantzaza (5 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ).
GUAYAS: Guayaquil, west Ecuador (
Collected in January, February, March, June, July, August, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests and lower evergreen montane forests in the Amazonian range from 1200–1590 a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered for the montane cloud forests from 1800–2200 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Pinotus (Selenocopris) simplicicornis Luederwaldt, 1935: 340 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
Pinotus
simplicicornis
:
Dichotomius
simplicicornis
:
Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) simplicicornis
:
Pinotus (Selenocopris) simplicicornis Luederwaldt, 1935. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Peru. Examined.
Holotype (♂): “Peru [hw]”, “34600 [hw]”, “Pinotus ♂ / simplicicornis n. sp / Lüeder. det. 34 [hw, black margin]”, “Fry Coll. / 1905-100. [p]”, “HOLOTYPE [p, red label, black margin]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
LOJA: Catamayo, Alamala, 1100 m (2 specimens CEMT). MORONA SANTIAGO: Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen CEMT). NAPO: Pte. Río Salado-Río Quijos, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen CEMT); Quebrada Granadillas, Parque Nacional Sumaco, 1300 m (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Bombuscaro, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 970 m (4 specimens MECN); Río Bombuscaro, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 1145 m (7 specimens MEPN); Tundayme, Escombrera, 1225 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi Comunidad La Wants, 1000 m (2 specimens CEMT).
Collected in January, March, May, August, September, and December.
Inhabits the foothill evergreen forests in the Amazonian range from 970–1225 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces. According to
Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister, 1846: 87 (original description. Type species: Copris bicuspis Germar, 1824, subsequently designation by
Cephagonus Luederwaldt, 1929: 12 (original description. Without type species);
Pinotus fonsecae Luederwaldt, 1926: 135 (original description. Type locality: Macas).
Pinotus
fonsecae
:
Dichotomius
fonsecae
:
Dichotomius (Selenocopris) fonsecae
:
Pinotus fonsecae Luederwaldt, 1926. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MZUSP. Locality: Macas, Ecuador, examined.
Holotype (♂): “O. ECUADOR / Macas Feyer [p]”, “TIPO [p, red label, black margin]”, “Pinotus ♂ / fonsecae Lüd / Lüd. det. 23 [hw]”, “25904 [p]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (1 specimen MZUSP); San Isidro, Cordillera de Domoso Alto, 1680 m (1 specimen MEPN). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Cordillera del Cóndor, Colibrí, 1445 m (1 specimen MEPN).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
Collected in November and December.
Inhabits the lower evergreen montane forests in the Amazonian range from 1445–1680 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Eurysternus Dalman, 1824: 8 (original description. Type species: Eurysternus planus Dalman, 1854 subsequently designated by
Eurysternus:
Aeschrotes Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeu & Audinet-Serville, 1828: 357 (original description. Type species: Aeschrotes planus Dalman, 1824 = Scarabaeus caribaeus Herbst, 1789 subsequently designated by
Eurysternodes Martínez, 1988a: 281 (original description. Type species: Eurysternus velutinus Bates, 1887);
Pareurysternus Martínez, 1988a: 282 (original description. Type species: Eurysternus (Pareurysternus) navajasi Martínez, 1988);
Amartinezus Ozdikmen, 2009: 143 (original description. Type species: Eurysternus velutinus Bates, 1887);
Eurysternus atrosericus Génier, 2009: 86 (original description. Type locality: Brazil, Obidos = PA[RÁ]).
Eurysternus
atrosericus
:
Eurysternus atrosericus Génier, 2009. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MZUSP (see
Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, and Venezuela.
CHIMBORAZO: without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
The natural history is unknown. According to
Scarabaeus caribaeus Herbst, 1789: 300 (original description. Without type locality).
Eurysternus
caribaeus
:
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) s. str. caribaeus
:
Eurysternus
planus
Dalman, 1824: 10 (original description);
Eurysternus
nebulosus
Kirsch, 1871: 361 (original description); Harold, 1880a: 13 (synonym of Eurysternus caribeus Herbst); Bates, 1887: 40 (comment, distribution); Gillet, 1911a: 25 (cited as synonym of Eurysternus caribaeus Herbst); Blackwelder, 1944: 197 (cited as synonym of Eurysternus caribaeus Herbst); Martínez, 1959: 20 (cited as synonym of Eurysternus caribeus Herbst); Jessop, 1985: 1102 (cited as synonym of Eurysternus caribeus Herbst); Génier, 2009: 214 (cited as synonym of Eurysternus caribeus Herbst), Camero, 2010: 164 (cited as synonym of Eurysternus caribeus Herbst);
Eurysternus
peruanus
Harold, 1875d: 137 (original description);
Scarabaeus caribaeus Herbst, 1789. The neotype (♂) is deposited at the NMHU (see
Eurysternus planus Dalman, 1824. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHRS (see
Eurysternus nebulosus Kirsch, 1871. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the SMTD (see
Eurysternus peruanus Harold, 1875. The lectotype (♀) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad, and Venezuela.
BOLIVAR: Bosque Protector Filo Palanga, 970 m (1 specimen MUTPL). CARCHI: El Goaltal Hacienda San Francisco, 1200 m (16 specimens MECN). ESMERALDAS: Palma Real (11 specimens MECN); Pote, Playa de Oro (9 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro (17 specimens MECN). IMBABURA: Lita, 680 m (3 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Río Getsemani, 600 m (3 specimens CEMT; 5 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: Ayampe, 35 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López Comunidad Agua Blanca, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López Cerro La Gotera, Parque Nacional Machalilla, 350 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Guale, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Las Tunas, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL). MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Untsuants, 700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (8 specimens MECN); Nuevo Israel, 1290 m, Cordillera Del Kutukú (2 specimens MUTPL). NAPO: Shiqui cerca al Tena, 480 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tena, 400–500 m (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (5 specimens MECN); Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (5 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, 255 m, Yuca 13 (1 specimen MGO-UC); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica y Centro de Capacitación IAMOE, Rodrigo Borja (8 specimens CEMT; 6 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Estación Científica Yasuní, PUCE, 250 m (48 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Parque Nacional Yasuní (2 specimens MUTPL); San Pedro del Lago, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastián del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastián del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Shamanal Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 950 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Chuyayacu Oleoducto km 25, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica Pindo Mirador UTE, 1000 m (3 specimens CEMT); Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MUTPL); Nuevo San José del Curaray, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); road Triunfo-Arajuno (2 specimens CEMT; 8 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Curipoglio, 1820 m, Cerro San Cristobal (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica La Hesperia (5 specimens MUTPL); El Tigre Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Llurimaguas, 290 m, Río Guayllabamba Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); San Roque, 580 m, Río Guayllabamba Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Tortugo, 450 m, Río Guayllabamba Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Guayabilla, 520 m, Río Guayllabamba Manduriacus (1 specimen MUTPL). SANTA ELENA: La Rinconada, 10 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Olón, 50 m (9 specimens CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 290 m (12 specimens MGO-UC); Aucayacu Río El Eno, 275 m, 16 km de Lago Agrio (11 specimens MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Gonzalo Pizarro Simón Bolivar 1200 m (3 specimens MECN); Shusufindi (2 specimens MECN); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: Baños (3 specimens MQCAZ). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor, conseción El Colibri, 1535 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, San Marcos, 900 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Condor Mirador, 1465 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme, 800 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi, Pachikuntza, 1685 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MUTPL, 1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MEPN).
ESMERALDAS: Bilsa (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests, coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests, and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 200–1200 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the evergreen lower montane forests and montane cloud forests from 1400–2300 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded in the lowland evergreen forests, varzea forests, and the foothill evergreen forests from 150–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and different vertebrate feces.
Eurysternus cayennensis Castelnau, 1840: 93 (original description. Type locality: Cayenne).
Eurysternus
cayennensis
:
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) cayennensis
:
Eurysternus
confusus
Jessop, 1985: 1106 (original description);
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) confusus
:
Eurysternus cayennensis Castelnau, 1840. The neotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Eurysternus confusus Jessop, 1985. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, and Surinam.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Cumpi, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL); Macas, 1000 m (1 specimen CEMT); Comunidad Unsuants sitio 3, 700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen CEMT; 12 specimens MECN). NAPO: Chaco Parroquia Gonzalo Diaz de Pineda (1 specimen CEMT); Santo Domingo de Hollin, 635 m, Rio Hollin (1 specimen MUTPL). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (7 specimens MECN); Bloque 31 Punto III, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (4 specimens MECN); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (12 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, plataforma Yuca 13, 255 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica y Centro de Capacitación IAMOE, Rodrigo Borja (8 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MECN); Estación Científica Yasuní, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen CEMT); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (3 specimens MUTPL); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Parque Nacional Yasuní, Bloque 31 Punto IV, 200 m (1 specimen CEMT); Parque Nacional Yasuní, Bloque 31 Punto III, 200 m (2 specimens CEMT); Parque Nacional Yasuní, Bloque 31 Punto I OBE, 200 m (1 specimen CEMT); Pozo Daimi 1 (5 specimens CEMT); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res. Stn. (10 specimens CEMT); Rumiyacu (2 specimens MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca Comuna Guataraco, 345 m, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); Yasuní (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660–705 m (1 specimen MUTPL); San Virgilio (2 specimens MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Nueva Loja plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (4 specimens MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Unsuants sitio 2, 500 m (Génier, 2009: 27); Comunidad Unsuants sitio 4, 1100 m (Génier, 2009: 27). NAPO: 12 km WSW Tena, 600 m (Génier, 2009: 27); 20 km S del Tena, 600 m (Génier, 2009: 27); Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, 21 km E Puerto Napo, 400 m (Génier, 2009: 27). NAPO [= ORELLANA]: Scyasuní, 250 m (
Collected in every month of the year.
Species recorded in the cloud forests of the western slopes of the Andes; however, there is only a single record from this locality cited by
Eurysternus contractus Génier, 2009: 116 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, 1000 m, Llandia, 17 km N de Puyo).
Eurysternus
contractus
:
Eurysternus contractus Génier, 2009. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
LOJA: Loja/Zamora, 1400 m (1 specimen CEMT). MORONA SANTIAGO: Camino Río Chiviaza (1 specimen MECN); Chiguinda Río Blanco, 1730 m (4 specimens MUTPL); San Antonio, Limon Indazo Centro Shuar Wuarints (1 specimen MECN). NAPO: Pacto Sumaco, 1620 m (2 specimens MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: Baños El Topo, 1590 m (7 specimens CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Chito Río Sangolas, 1800 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Chito Río San Francisco, 1505 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Bombuscaro, Parque Nacional Podocarpus (1 specimen MUTPL); RVS El Zarza campamento las Peñas, Cordillera del Cóndor, conseción El Colibri, 1535 m (1 specimen MUTPL); RVS El Zarza, Cordillera del Cóndor, conseción El Zarza, 1710 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, La Escombrera Norte, 1245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi, Pachikuntza, 1685 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN).
LOJA: Loja (Génier, 2009: 118); Loja/Zamora, 1400 m (
Collected in every month except March and April.
Inhabits the foothill forests of the Amazon region from 800–1300 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the evergreen lower montane from 1400–1800 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Eurysternus foedus Guérin-Méneville, 1830: 76. [pl. 21, figs 5, 5.a] (original description. Type locality: Brésil [= Brazil]).
Eurysternus
foedus
:
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) foedus
:
Eurysternus
claudicans
Kirsch, 1871: 344 (original description);
Eurysternus foedus Guérin-Méneville, 1830. The neotype (♀) is deposited at the NHML (see
Eurysternus claudicans Kirsch, 1871. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the SMTD (see
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
ESMERALDAS: Colón del Ónzole (1 specimen MGO-UC; 3 specimens MECN); Gualpí del Ónzole (1 specimen MGO-UC); Kumanii Lodge, 40 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Majua (5 specimens MGO-UC; 4 specimens MECN); Palma Real (3 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (1 specimen MGO-UC; 1 specimen MECN); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (2 specimens MGO-UC); Tsejpi (5 specimens MGO-UC; 4 specimens MECN). LOS RÍOS: Estación Científica río Palenque, 250 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: Chone, Antenas de Radío El Día (1 specimen MQCAZ); Puerto López San Sebastian, 350 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Las Tunas, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López 5 m (1 specimen MUTPL). MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Unsuants, 500–1110 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (5 specimens MECN); Indanza (2 specimens MECN); Nuevo Israel, 1290 m (1 specimen MUTPL). NAPO: Cotundo, Comunidad Rumiñahui, Kuriurcu (1 specimen MUTPL); Archidona, Santo Domingo de Hollín, Río Hollin, 635 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ORELLANA: Dayuma Campo Palanda, plataforma Primavera 1, 235 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní Puce, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (25 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (4 specimens MGO-UC); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555–950 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Chuyayacu Oleoducto km 25, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Centro Fátima km 9 road Puyo-Tena, 980 m (3 specimens MECN); Estación Biologica Pindo-Mirador UTE, 1000 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PICHINCHA: Llurimaguas Río Guayllabamba, 290 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 50 m (73 specimens CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Santo Domingo, Tinalandia Resort, 760 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Santo Domingo, Puerto Limón, 400 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
BOLIVAR: Chimbo (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests, coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests, and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5–790 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the evergreen high montane forests from 2800–3000 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded in the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests from 150–1100 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Eurysternus hamaticollis Balthasar, 1939g: 113 (original description. Type locality: Guiana (Godebert-Maroni), Bolivia (Buenavista bei), and Brazilien [= Brazil]).
Eurysternus
hamaticollis
:
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) s. str. hamaticollis
:
Eurysternus hamaticollis Balthasar, 1939. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MSMF (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.
ORELLANA: Comunidad Kiwcha Chiruisla Station, 180–250 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, 235 m, plataforma Primavera 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (8 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Estación Río Huiririma, 220 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (2 specimens CEMT); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco, 345 m, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Shamanal Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555–660 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pandanuque, 420 m (2 specimens MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO [= ORELLANA]: Scyasuni, 200 m (
Collected in every month except January and July.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 180–800 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Eurysternus hypocrita Balthasar, 1939g: 114 (original description. Type locality: Franz Guiana (Gourdenville, Cayenne), Surinam, Peru, Ecuador, Columbien [= Colombia], and Brazilien [= Brazil]).
Eurysternus
hypocrita
:
Eurysternus hypocrita Balthasar, 1939. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MSMF (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Unsuants, 700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (3 specimens MECN); Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MUTPL). NAPO: sector Talac, 730 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tena (6 specimens CEMT). ORELLANA: Bloque 31 Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (2 specimens MECN); Comunidad Kiwcha Chiruisla Station, 180–250 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, 235 m, plataforma Primavera 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Pindo, 290 m, plataforma Pindo 9 (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica y Centro de Capacitación IAMOE, Rodrigo Borja (6 specimens CEMT); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (24 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Pozo Nashiño Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (2 specimens MECN); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (2 specimens CEMT); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal Campo Palo Azul, 345 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555 m (1 specimen CEMT; 2 specimens MUTPL); Nuevo San Jose del Curaray, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Villano Pandanuque (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, 290 m, Precooperativa Los Vergeles (1 specimen MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Nueva Loja plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno trocha Zábalo-Guepi (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, 260 m, plataforma Fanny 5 (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN; 1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
GUAYAS [= SANTA ELENA]: 27 km S de Puerto López, 76 km N de Santa Elena, 152 m (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests at 152 m a.s.l. However, this record cited by
Eurysternus lanuginosus Génier, 2009: 70 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Pastaza, 1000 m, Llandia, 17 km N of Puyo).
Eurysternus
lanuginosus
:
Eurysternus lanuginosus Génier, 2009. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Nuevo Israel, Cordillera del Kutukú, 1290 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Untsuants, 700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MECN). NAPO: Cotundo, 1070 m, Río Osayacu sector Shamato (1 specimen MUTPL); El Capricho, km 51 ruta Tena-Ambato (1 specimen CEMT); La Merced de Jondachi, 1100 m, Río Jondachi (1 specimen MUTPL). ORELLANA: Bloque 31 Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (3 specimens MECN); Campo Palanda, LLumpac, 295 m (1 specimen CEMT); Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res. Stn. (1 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal 345 m, Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen CEMT); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 540–950 m (3 specimens CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL); Chuyayacu km 25 Oleoducto, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Villano Pandanuque, 420 m (1 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 275 m, 16 km de Lago Agrio (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Gonzalo Pizarro Símon Bolivar, 1200 m (1 specimen MECN); Shushufindi Recinto La Pantera, 250 m (1 specimen CEMT); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: (Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN; 1 specimen MUTPL).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, evergreen foothill forests, and evergreen lower montane forests of the Amazon from 150–1500 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Eurysternus marmoreus Castelnau, 1840: 93 (original description. Type locality: Mexique [= Mexico] and Colombie [= Colombia]).
Eurysternus
marmoreus
:
Eurysternus
pectoralis
Guérin-Méneville, 1855: 590 (original description);
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) pectoralis
:
Eurysternus marmoreus Castelnau, 1840. The neotype (♀) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Eurysternus pectoralis Guérin-Méneville, 1855. The neotype (♂) is deposited in MNHN (see
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
COTOPAXI: Bosque Integral Otonga, 2200 m (1 specimen CEMT; 6 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: San Rafael (2 specimens MECN). PICHINCHA: Chiriboga (2 specimens MECN). SUCUMBÍOS: Sebundoy, 2200 m (2 specimens MECN); TUNGURAHUA: Baños EL Topo, 1590 m (3 specimens CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Río San Francisco, 1470 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Reserva Biológica el Colibrí, 2200 m (14 specimens MUTPL); Romerillos sendero Nangaritza, 2200 m (9 specimens MECN).
NAPO: 17 km NE de Baeza, 4 km SW del Chaco, 1280 m (
Collected in January, February, March, May, July, August, October, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the evergreen lower montane forests and the montane cloud forests from 1300–2300 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded in the foothill evergreen forests at 1280 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Eurysternus plebejus Harold, 1880a: 14 (original description. Type locality: Muzo).
Eurysternus
plebejus
:
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) s. str. plebejus
:
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) joffrei
Martínez, 1988a: 290 (original description);
Eurysternus plebejus Harold, 1880. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) joffrei Martínez, 1988. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MACN (see
Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.
EL ORO: Buenaventura Bajo, 500 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Uzhcurrumi, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Carondelet (2 specimens MQCAZ); Calle Mansa (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); Colón del Ónzole (4 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ; 11 specimens MECN); Charco Vicente (11 specimens MQCAZ; 6 specimens MECN); Chispero (1 specimen CEMT; 6 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); El Progreso, Guandal (1 specimen MQCAZ); Gallinazo (2 specimens MQCAZ); Gualpi (6 specimens CEMT); Gualpí El Pajonal (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ; 2 specimens MECN); Gualpí del Ónzole (5 specimens MQCAZ; 9 specimens MECN); Jeyambi (4 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Majua (6 specimens CEMT; 11 specimens MQCAZ; 2 specimens MGO-UC; 1 specimen MUTPL; 8 specimens MECN); Pajonal (8 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); Palma Real (8 specimens CEMT; 5 specimens MQCAZ; 1 specimen MGO-UC; 5 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro (21 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ; 6 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (2 specimens CEMT; 5 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Río Santiago (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Playa Rica (3 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Puerto Balao, 200 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Ricauter (3 specimens MQCAZ); Río Savalo (1 specimen MQCAZ); San Miguel (1 specimen MQCAZ); Salto del Bravo (7 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Tsejpi (12 specimens MQCAZ; 7 specimens MECN); Zabalito (3 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Lita, 680 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). LOS RÍOS: Estación Científica Río Palenque, 150–200 m (10 specimens CEMT; 14 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: Ayampe, 35 m (1 specimen MUTPL). MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MQCAZ); Comunidad Untsuants sitio 3, Cordillera del Kutukú, 700 m (4 specimens MQCAZ; 6 specimens MECN); Cumpi Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MUTPL); km 8 road to Mendez-Paute, 1250 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Daimi (1 specimen MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (17 specimens MQCAZ); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (2 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, 345 m, Comuna Guataraco, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res. Stn. (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555–990 m (4 specimens MGO-UC); Chuyayacu Oleoducto km 25, 200 m (1 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MGO-UC); Estación Biológica Pindo Mirador UTE, 1100 m (1 specimen MUTPL); plataforma Villano (3 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Curipoglio, 1000 m, Río Guayllabamba (1 specimen MUTPL); Guayabilla Río Guayllabamba, 520 m, Manduriacus (2 specimens MGO-UC); Llurimaguas Río Guayllabamba, 290 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Tortugo Río Guayllabamba, 450 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); San Roque Río Guayllabamba, 580 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (4 specimens MGO-UC; 1 specimen MUTPL). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 50 m (23 specimens CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Tinalandia-Santo Domingo (2 specimens MQCAZ); Santo Domingo, Puerto Limon, 400 m (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, 305 m, Precooperativa Los Vergeles (2 specimen MGO-UC); Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 275 m (4 specimen MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu, 260 m, Campo Libertador Tapi (1 specimen MGO-UC); Shusufindi, Recinto la Pantera 250 m (1 specimen CEMT).
EL ORO: Piñas, 1200 m (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5–1200 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded in lowland evergreen forests and foothill evergreen forests from 150–1250 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Eurysternus squamosus Génier, 2009: 67 (original description. Type locality: Peru, Loreto. Campamento San Jacinto 175–215 m).
Eurysternus
squamosus
:
Eurysternus squamosus Génier, 2009. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
SUCUMBÍOS: Río Napo-río Aguarico (
Collected in September-October.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 200 m a.s.l. The collection method for this species is unknown. However,
Eurysternus streblus Génier, 2009: 159 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, 5.3 km on road Pachijal, 2800–3000 m).
Eurysternus
streblus
:
Eurysternus streblus Génier, 2009. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (2 specimens MECN). ESMERALDAS: Palma Real (2 specimens MUTPL); Pote, Playa de Oro (1 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MQCAZ).
ESMERALDAS: Cachabé (
Collected in February, March, May, August, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 200–915 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, this species has been collected in the montane cloud forests from 2800–3000 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces According to our data E. streblus is distributed in the coastal region. Therefore,
Eurysternus strigilatus Génier, 2009: 74 (original description. Type locality: Peru, Madre de Dios, 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, Reserva Cuzco Amazónica, 200 m).
Eurysternus
strigilatus
:
Eurysternus strigilatus Génier, 2009. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
PASTAZA: Chuyayaco Oleoducto km 25, 200 m (2 specimens CEMT).
Collected in May.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 200 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) vastiorum Martínez, 1988a: 287 (original description. Type locality: Peru, departamento de Huánuco, Tingo María).
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) s. str. vastiorum
:
Eurysternus
vastiorum
:
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) vastiorum Martínez, 1988. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MACN (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, and Suriname.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Unsuants, 500–1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (3 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: Puerto Misahuallí, 350 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Comunidad Kiwcha Chiruisla Station, 180–250 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma, Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma, plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 610–890 m (2 specimens MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Limoncocha (1 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL); Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno Brazo del río Guepi (1 specimen MUTPL).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Bosque Domono, 1650 m (
Collected in February, March, June, July, August, September, October, and November.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 150–1250 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps, beat-sheet collecting method, and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Eurysternus wittmerorum Martínez, 1988a: 284 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, provincia de Napo, Lago Agrio [= currently provincia de Sucumbíos], 250 m).
Eurysternus (Eurysternus) s. str. wittmerorum
:
Eurysternus
wittmerorum
:
Eurysternus wittmerorum Martínez, 1988. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MACN (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, and Surinam.
ORELLANA: Bloque 31 Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (1 specimen MECN); Comunidad Kiwcha Chiruisla Station, 180–250 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Daimi 1 (2 specimens CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Estación Cientifica Yasuní, 200 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (28 specimens MQCAZ); El Dorado, plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 220 m (5 specimens MUTPL); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal Campo Palo Azul, 345 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); SC Yasuní (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimen MQCAZ); Yampuna (2 specimens MQCAZ); Yuturi (1 specimen MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660–810 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Cascales, 400 m, Pozo Ruby 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); La Selva Bio Station 175 km E.S.E del Coca (2 specimens MQCAZ); Trocha Zábalo-Guepi km 10, Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, 260 m, plataforma Fanny 5 (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO [= ORELLANA]: SCyasuni, 200 m (
Collected in all months except December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 150–810 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Trichillum (Eutrichillum) Martínez, 1968: 121 (original description. Type species: Trichillum boucomonti Saylor, 1935 = Trichillum hirsutum Boucomont, 1928 (original designation) = Eutrichillum hirsutum Boucomont, 1928), see
Trichillum (Eutrichillum): Martínez 1967 [sic]:
Eutrichillum:
Remarks. Throughout our survey we identified a new species from Orellana and Sucumbíos provinces. However, its description will be provided in a future work.
Copris (Gromphas) Brullé, 1837: 283, 298 and 304 (original description. Type species: Onitis aeruginosus Perty, 1830. Secondary monotypy by
Gromphas:
Onitis aeruginosus Perty, 1830: 39 (original description. Type locality: Habitat in mediterraneis Prov. S. Pauli et Minarum [= South America]).
Onitis
aeruginosus
:
Gromphas (onitis) aeruginosa
:
Gromphas
aeruginosa
:
Gromphas
lacordairei
Blanchard, 1846: 181 (original description);
Onitis aeruginosus Perty, 1830. The lectotype is deposited at the ZSM (see
Lectotype (sex unknown): “Brasilien [p]”, “3 – 8. / Typi. [p]”, “Type von / gromphas / aeruginosus / Perty. [p and hw, red label]”, “alte / sammlung [p]”, “HOLOTYPUS / Onitis Perty / aeruginosus / det. Dr. G. Scherer 1981 [p and hw, red margin]”, “Gromphas / aeruginosus / (Perty) / det. G. Scherer 1981 [p and hw]”.
Gromphas lacordairei Blanchard, 1846. Type material not examined. Syntypes possibly deposited at the MNHN (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Estación Chiruisla, 215 m (1 specimen MQCAZ).
NAPO [= ORELLANA]: Río Coca (
Collected in October and September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region at 215 m a.s.l. Collected manually at night.
Copris (Homocopris) Burmeister, 1846: 77 (original description. Type species: Copris torulosus Eschscholtz, 1822 for monotypy. See
Pinotus Erichson, 1847 [= Homocopris Burmeister, 1846]:
Dichotomius Hope, 1838 [= Homocopris Burmeister, 1846]:
Homocopris
Pinotus achamas Harold, 1867e: 99 (original description. Type locality: Columbia).
Pinotus
achamas
:
Pinotus (Pinotus) achamas
:
Dichotomius
achamas
:
Homocopris
achamas
:
Pinotus achamas Harold, 1867. One syntype examined deposited at the MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia and Ecuador.
CARCHI: El Angel (1 specimen MQCAZ); Guanderas Estación Cientifica Jatun Sacha, 3280 m (1 specimen CEMT); Mariscal Sucre, La Bretaña (1 specimen MEPN). CHIMBORAZO: Riobamba, 2755 m (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in June and December.
Inhabits evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2150–3100 m a.s.l. Collected at light and manually.
Pinotus buckleyi Waterhouse, 1891a: 359 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Chiguinda).
Pinotus
buckleyi
:
Pinotus (Pinotus) buckleyi
:
Dichotomius
buckleyi
:
Homocopris
buckleyi
:
Pinotus buckleyi Waterhouse, 1891. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Chiguinda, examined.
Holotype (♂): “Chiquin / -da / 80. 14 [hw]”, “Type [p, red margin]”, “Pinotus / Buckleyi, / (Type) Waterh. [hw]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
LOJA: Amaluza, Angashcola, 2740 m (37 specimens MUTPL); Saraguro, Huashapamba, 2920 m (5 specimens CEMT; 2 specimens MUTPL).
LOJA [= ZAMORA CHINCHIPE]: Andes, Sabonilla [= Sabanilla, El Tambo] (Luederwaldt, 1936: 209). MORONA SANTIAGO: Chiguinda [= Chigüinda] (Waterhouse, 1891a: 359).
Collected in October and December.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2150–3100 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Malagoniella Martínez, 1961: 82 (original description. Type species: Megatopha argentina Gillet, 1911).
Malagoniella:
Malagoniella (Malagoniella) s. str. Martínez, 1961: 82 (original description. Type species: Megatopha argentina Gillet, 1911 original combination);
Megatopha astyanax polita Halffter, Pereira & Martínez, 1960: 203 (original description. Type locality: Bolivia: Departamento de la Paz, Provincia de Sud Yungas, Chulumani, 1800–2000 m).
Malagoniella
astyanax
polita
:
Megatopha astyanax polita Halffter, Pereira & Martínez, 1960. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the AMIC (Halffter,
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Surinam, and Venezuela.
ORELLANA: Eden, Campo Eden plataforma G, 220 m (1 specimen CEMT); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (2 specimens MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal Campo Palo Azul, 345 m (1 specimen CEMT); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: La Selva Bio Station 175 km E.S.E del Coca (2 specimens MQCAZ).
Collected in March, May, August, and November.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–345 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Malagoniella (Megathopomima) Martínez, 1961: 84 (original description. Type species: Coprobius bicolor Guérin, 1840 original combination);
Megatopha cupreicollis Waterhouse, 1890b: 412 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
Megatopha
cupreicollis
:
Megatophomina
cupreicollis
:
Malagoniella (Megatophomima) cupreicollis
:
Malagoniella
cupreicollis
:
Megatopha cupreicollis Waterhouse, 1890. The holotype is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Peru, examined.
Holotype (sex unknown): “Peruvia [hw]”, “877 [p]”, “67.45 [p]”, “Type [p, red margin]”, “Cupricollis / Reich / Peruvia. [hw]”, “Megatopha / cupreicollis, / (Type) Waterh. [hw]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
LOJA: Amaluza, Angascola, 2741 m (2 specimens CEMT; 8 specimens MUTPL); Catamayo, Alamala, 1380 (4 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MUTPL); Catamayo, Trapichillo, 1424 m (11 specimens MUTPL).
Collected in February and December.
Inhabits the matorral dry montane forests of the Andean region from 1200–1700 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with pig feces.
Megatharsis Waterhouse, 1891b: 59 (original description. Type species: Megatharsis buckleyi Waterhouse, 1891 by monotypy).
Megatharsis:
Megatharsis buckleyi Waterhouse, 1891b: 60 (original description. Type locality: Chiquinda [= Chigüinda]).
Megatharsis
buckleyi
:
Megatharsis buckleyi Waterhouse, 1891. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Chiguinda, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Chiquin / -da / 80.14 [hw]”, “Type [p, red margin]”, “Megatharsis / Buckleyi, / (Type) Waterh. [hw]”, “Megatharsis ♀ / buckleyi wat. / Holotypus. / Canada balsam / M. Zunino ’83 [hw]”.
Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Chiquinda [= Chigüinda] (1 specimen NHML); Macas (1 specimen CEMT). NAPO: Estación Jatun Sacha, 500 m (1 specimen MEPN). ORELLANA: La Joya de los Sachas, Unión Milagreña, 330 m (1 specimen MECN).
ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Sabanilla, 1900 m (
Collected in February, June, August, and September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 330–1100 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, this species was recorded in montane cloud forests between 1900–2300 m a.s.l. The majority of specimens were collected manually; however,
Onoreidium Vaz-de-Mello, 2008: 37 (original description. Type species: Trichillum cristatum Arrow, 1931, by original designation).
Onoreidium:
Trichillum cristatum Arrow, 1931: 610 (original description. Type locality: Loja 6600 feet [= 2010 m]; Piscobamba).
Trichillum
cristatum
:
Pedaridium
cristatum
:
Onoreidium
cristatum
: Vaz-de-Mello, 2008: 39 (cited as new combination, distribution), 58 (figure 27);
Pedaridium
equatoriensis
Ferreira & Galileo, 1993: 14 (original description);
Trichillum cristatum Arrow, 1931. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML (see
Pedaridium equatoriensis Ferreira & Galileo, 1993. The holotype (sex unknown) is deposited at the HAHC (ex. coll. H. Howden) (see
Ecuador and Peru.
GUAYAS: Isla Puna (1 specimen CEMT). LOJA: without specific locality (1 specimen CEMT); Río Catamayo, 1500 m (2 specimens CEMT).
LOJA: Piscobamba (
Collected in August.
Inhabits lowland semi-deciduous forests and matorral dry montane forests of the Andean region from 1110–2200 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Pedaridium howdeni Ferreira & Galileo, 1993: 26 (original description. Type locality: EQUADOR. Guayas: Guayaquil).
Onoreidium
howdeni
:
Pedaridium howdeni Ferreira & Galileo, 1993. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
GUAYAS: Guayaquil (2 specimens CEMT). EL ORO: Arenillas, 15 m (10 specimens CEMT). SANTA ELENA: 45 km W Guayaquil (2 specimens CEMT).
GUAYAS: 40 km SW Guayaquil 50 m (
Collected in January, February, March, and June
Inhabits coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests and coastal lowland dry scrub from 15–50 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Trichillum ohausi Arrow, 1931: 610 (original description. Type locality: Loja Punzara, Calvario 6600 feet [= 2010 m]; Piscobamba).
Trichillum
ohausi
:
Pedaridium
ohausi
:
Onoreidium
ohausi
:
Trichillum ohausi Arrow, 1931. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML (see
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA: without specific locality (3 specimens CEMT).
LOJA: Punzara (Bachus 1978: 106;
Collected in March, August, and December.
Inhabits matorral dry montane forests in the Andean region at 2010 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Ontherus Erichson, 1847: 107 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus sulcator Fabricius, 1775. Subsequent designation by
Ontherus:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) Génier, 1996: 23 (original description. Type species: Ontherus alexis (Blanchard, 1845));
Ontherus aequatorius Bates, 1891: 25 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, probably Pacific slopes).
Ontherus
aequatorius
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) aequatorius
:
Ontherus aequatorius Bates, 1891. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Ecuador and Peru.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (2 specimens CEMT).
AZUAY: 8 km NE Giron, 2600 m (
Collected in March, April, June, July, and November.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2400–3000 m a.s.l.
Ontherus brevicollis Kirsch, 1871: 340 (original description. Type locality: Bogotà).
Ontherus
brevicollis
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) brevicollis
:
Ontherus brevicollis Kirsch, 1871. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the SMTD (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
There are currently no records for this species in Ecuador. However,
Ontherus compressicornis Luederwaldt, 1931a: 401 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Ontherus
compressicornis
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) compressicornis
:
Ontherus compressicornis Luederwaldt, 1931. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MZSP (see
Ecuador and Colombia.
CAÑAR: Javín, 900–1400 m (3 specimens CEMT). CARCHI: 5 km NW de Maldonado, 550 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). Bosque Integral Otonga, 1815 m (40 specimens CEMT; 9 specimens MUTPL; 27 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Sta Rosa Intag, Cotacahi, 2000 m (1 specimen CEMT). LOJA: Alamor, Guambona, 1140 m (2 specimens CEMT). PICHINCHA: Curipoglio Cerro San Cristobal, 1800 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
COTOPAXI: 112 km W de Latcunga, 14 km de Pilalo, 1550 m (
Collected in February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, and December.
Inhabits coastal evergreen foothill forests from 550–1300 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in both evergreen lower montane forests and montane cloud forests from 1550–2300 m a.s.l. According to
Ontherus (Caelontherus) diabolicus Génier, 1996: 48 (original description. Type locality: ECUADOR Pastaza: Llandia 1000 m. [17 km N del Puyo]).
Ontherus
diabolicus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) diabolicus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) diabolicus Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Colombia and Ecuador.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Bosque Domoso, 1650 m (6 specimens CEMT); Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (4 specimens MECN); Comunidad Unsuants, 600–1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (3 specimens MECN). NAPO: Bosque Protector la Cascada Río Coca, 640 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Cotundo Río Osayacu, 1070 m, sector Shamato (1 specimen MUTPL); Quebrada Granadillas, 1300 m, Bosque Protector la Cascada, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL). ORELLANA: Comunidad Kiwcha Chiruisla Station, 180–250 m (7 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Palanda plataforma Primavera 1, 235 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Eden, Campo Eden plataforma G, 220 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (21 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Diversidad Tiputini, 285 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (3 specimens MUTPL); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); SCYasuní (2 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Chuyayacu oleoducto km 25, 200 m (2 specimens MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 290 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Gonzalo Pizarro, Simon Bolivar, 1200 m (2 specimens MECN); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (3 specimens MUTPL; 1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
LOJA: Loja (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 150–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Ontherus (Caelontherus) hadros Génier, 1996: 24 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Macas).
Ontherus
hadros
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) hadros
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) hadros Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Only known from Ecuador.
NAPO: Cuyuja, 2835 m (1 specimen CEMT; 2 specimens MUTPL).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
Collected in March and December.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2700–2835 m a.s.l. Collected in Andean tapir feces.
Ontherus (Caelontherus) howdeni Génier, 1996: 47 (original description. Type locality: Chanchamayo, Peru).
Ontherus
howdeni
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) howdeni
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) howdeni Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Ecuador and Peru.
SUCUMBÍOS: La Bonita, 1800 m (3 specimens CEMT)
Without specific locality (Génier, 1996: 48)
Collected in May.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests of the Andean region at 1800 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Pinotus incisus Kirsch, 1871: 341 (original description. Type locality: Bogotà).
Ontherus
incisus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) incisus
:
Ontherus
thoracicus
Waterhouse, 1891a: 356 (original description);
Pinotus incisus Kirsch, 1871. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Ontherus thoracicus Waterhouse, 1891. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML (see
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
NAPO: Cabañas San Isidro, 2 km NW de Cosanga, 2150 m (6 specimens MQCAZ); Oyacachi, 2550 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Sierra de Los Guacamayos, 1900 m (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Chito río Sangolas, 1540 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Chito río San Francisco, 1800 m (2 specimens MUTPL).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
Collected in February, April, July, May, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests in the Amazonian range at 1280 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in evergreen lower montane forests and in montane cloud forests from 1540–2550 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Ontherus laminifer Balthasar, 1938: 221 (original description. Type locality: Brazil, Manaos).
Ontherus
laminifer
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) laminifer
:
Ontherus laminifer Balthasar, 1938. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMPC (see
Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Estación Río Huiririma, 220 m (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon at 220 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Ontherus (Caelontherus) magnus Génier, 1996: 25 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Ontherus
magnus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) magnus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) magnus Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMHU (see
Only known from Ecuador.
Without specific locality (1 specimen CEMT)
PICHINCHA: 21 km E Tandapi, Cornejos Astorga, 2600 m (
Collected in June.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests of the Andean region at 2600 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Ontherus (Caelontherus) pilatus Génier, 1996: 52 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Pichincha, 23 km E de Alluriquín Chiriboga Rd. 4600 feet [1400 m]).
Ontherus
pilatus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) pilatus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) pilatus Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Colombia and Ecuador.
EL ORO: Bella María, Los Ingleses, 420 m (10 specimens MUTPL).
PICHINCHA [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS]: 14 km NE de Alluriquín road to Chiriboga (
Collected in June and September.
Inhabits coastal evergreen foothill forests from 420–1400 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Ontherus (Caelontherus) politus Génier, 1996: 33 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, 6600 feet [= 2010 m] 15 km NW de Baeza).
Ontherus
politus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) politus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) politus Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Colombia and Ecuador.
CARCHI: km 3 road to Tufiño-Maldonado, 3400 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: Cosanga Yanayacu Biost. (2 specimens MECN). SUCUMBÍOS: Santa Barbara, 2500 m (1 specimen MECN). TUNGURAHUA: Machay (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: El Tambo (33 specimens CEMT; 41 specimens MUTPL); Reserva El Colibri, 2080 m (55 specimens MUTPL); Estación Biológica San Francisco, 1900 m (27 specimens MUTPL); La Pituca, 1830 m Cuenca del río Curitza (1 specimen MUTPL); Romerillos sendero Nagaritza, 2200 m, Parque Nacional Podocarpus (4 specimens MECN). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen CEMT).
CARCHI: Env[iron]. de Tulcán [= Environs of Tulcán] (
Collected in February, March, July, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests and evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2000–3400 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with pig feces.
Ontherus (Caelontherus) tenustriatus Génier, 1996: 41 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
Ontherus
tenustriatus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) tenustriatus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) tenustriatus Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML (see
Ecuador and Peru.
ORELLANA: Daimi 1 (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Ontherus trituberculatus Balthasar, 1938: 220 (original description. Type locality: Amerika merid. [= South America.], Cachabé).
Ontherus
trituberculatus
:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) trituberculatus
:
Ontherus trituberculatus Balthasar, 1938 Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the SMTD (see
Colombia and Ecuador.
CARCHI: Maldonado, 1830 m (10 specimens CEMT; 8 specimens MQCAZ); Quinjul, 1700 m (2 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Tobar Donoso, 300 m (16 specimens MECN). EL ORO: Reserva Jocotoco, 1250 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Charco Vicente (21 specimens MECN; 17 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (14 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL; 18 specimens MECN; 26 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (37 specimens MECN; 21 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (21 specimens MECN; 28 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (13 specimens MECN; 9 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Pote (8 specimens CEMT; 20 specimens MQCAZ); Salto del Bravo (17 specimens MECN; 10 specimens MQCAZ); Tsejpi (28 specimens MECN; 17 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Río Getsemani, 600 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Lita, 680 m (7 specimens MECN; 5 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Choconde, 1200 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); El Encuentro, 620 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); El Tigre Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL); Guayabilla Río Guayllabamba, 520 m, Manduriacus (1 specimen MUTPL); Llurimaguas Río Guayllabamba, 290 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL); Mangaloma, 820 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); Pedro Vicente Maldonado, 640 m (3 specimens CEMT; 5 specimens MCAZ); Tortugo Río Guayllabamba, 450 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL).
CARCHI: Chical, 1250 m (
Collected in February, March, April, May, July, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 200–1250 m a.s.l. Additionally, there is a single record for this species for a locality 5.3 km along the road to Pachija [= Pachijal]. However, because this is the only record from the Andean region cited by
Ontherus (Ontherus) s. str. Erichson, 1847: 107 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus sulcator
Ontherus azteca Harold, 1869b: 503 (original description. Type locality: Cordova).
Ontherus
azteca
:
Ontherus (Ontherus) azteca
:
Ontherus
villosus
Luederwaldt, 1930: 107 (original description);
Ontherus
strius
Howden & Young, 1981: 122 (original description);
Ontherus azteca Harold, 1869. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NHML (see
Ontherus villosus Luederwaldt, 1930. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MZSP (see
Ontherus strius Howden & Young, 1981. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the USNM (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, and Peru.
ORELLANA: San Sebastian de Coca Comuna Huataraco (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO: km 7.3 Sarayacu-Loreto Rd., 1200 m (
Collected in March.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 250–1200 m a.s.l. Although the collection method for specimens from Ecuador is unknown,
Ontherus (Ontherus) edentulus Génier, 1996: 102 (original description. Type locality: Pérou [= Peru], Chanchamayo).
Ontherus
edentulus
:
Ontherus (Ontherus) edentulus
:
Ontherus (Ontherus) edentulus Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Ecuador and Peru.
NAPO: Talag, 650 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tena (1 specimen CEMT). ORELLANA: Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, 250 m (1 specimen CEMT).
LOJA: Loja (
Collected in June and September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 250–1020 m a.s.l. Species was collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion.
Ontherus (Ontherus) pubens Génier, 1996: 71 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, 400 m, Jatun Sacha Biol. Station, 21 km E Puerto Napo).
Ontherus
pubens
:
Ontherus (Ontherus) pubens
:
Ontherus (Ontherus) pubens Génier, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
MORONA SANTIAGO: km 8 Mendes Paute (3 specimens CEMT); Bosque Domoso, 1650 m (3 specimens CEMT); Comunidad Unsuants, 500–700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (6 specimens MECN); Gualaquiza (4 specimens MECN); Río Abanico, L. Proaño y 9 de Octubre, 1640 m (3 specimens MECN). NAPO: 5 km NE CJ Arosemena, 800 m (1 specimen CEMT); Cotundo (3 specimens MECN); Puerto Misahuallí (3 specimens CEMT); Tena, Parque Amazónico, 520 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Santo Domingo de Hollin, Rio Hollin, 635 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ORELLANA: Dayuma Campo Palanda, 235 m, plataforma Primavera 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (7 specimens CEMT); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco, 345 m, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal, 345 m, Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL); Taracoa (3 specimens MECN); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 545 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pandanuque, 420 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 290 m (84 specimens MGO-UC); Aucayacu 275 m Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio (1 specimen MGO-UC); Nueva Loja plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, Tapi, 265 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, Tetete, 290 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Coca-Río Supayacu, 380 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Shushufindi (4 specimens MECN). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: km 1 road Cumbaritza-Gualaquiza, 1100 m (3 specimens CEMT); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
LOJA: Loja (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 150–1200 m a.s.l. Species was collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Onthophagus Latreille, 1802: 141 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus taurus Schreber, 1759 by primary monotypy).
Onthophagus:
Chalcoderus Erichson, 1848: 763 (original description. Type species: unnamed);
Monapus Erichson, 1848: 763 (original description. Type species: unnamed, probably Onthophagus mniszechi Harold, 1869);
Psilax Erichson, 1848: 764 (original description. Type species: Onthophagus pronus Erichson, 1842);
Proagoderus Lansberge, 1883: 14 (original description. Type species: unnamed);
Gonocyphus Lansberge, 1885: 382 (original description. Type species: unnamed);
Diastellopalpus Lansberge, 1886: 91 (original description. Type species: unnamed); Gillet, 1911a: 118 (cited as synonym of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802); Blackwelder, 1944: 211 (cited as synonym of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802).
Tauronthophagus Shipp, 1895: 179 (original description. Type species: Onthophagus rangifer Klug, 1855);
Macropocopris Arrow, 1920: 435 (original description. Type species: Macropocopris prehensilis Arrow, 1920);
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) s. str. Latreille, 1802: 141 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus taurus Schreber, 1759 original combination);
Onthophagus acuminatus Harold, 1880a: 30 (original description. Type locality: Fusagasugá, Ambalema und Muzo; auch von Colon).
Onthophagus
acuminatus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) acuminatus
:
Onthophagus acuminatus Harold, 1880. The type is deposited at the MNHN (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.
BOLIVAR: Bosque Protector Filo Palanga, 970 m (8 specimens MUTPL). CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (3 specimens MECN). COTOPAXI: Guasaganda km 4, 500 m (11 specimens MQCAZ); Las Pampas, 1200 m (8 specimens MQCAZ). EL ORO: Uzhcurrumi, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT; 17 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Calle Mansa (3 specimens CEMT; 45 specimens MQCAZ); Chispero (11 specimens CEMT; 57 specimens MQCAZ; 2 specimens MECN); Colón del Ónzole (36 specimens CEMT; 65 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Gualpi, El Pajonal (11 specimens CEMT; 45 specimens MQCAZ; 1 specimens MECN); Gualpi (1 specimen CEMT; 18 specimens MQCAZ); Jeyambi PMFC (5 specimens CEMT; 18 specimens MQCAZ); Majua (7 specimens CEMT; 48 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (2 specimens MECN; 42 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro (4 specimens CEMT; 81 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (7 specimens CEMT; 67 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (21 specimens CEMT; 85 specimens MQCAZ; 4 speicmens MECN); Playa de Oro, Pote (4 specimens CEMT; 48 specimens MQCAZ; 7 specimens MECN); Tsejpi, Charco Grande (3 specimens CEMT; 28 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN). IMBABURA: Lita, 680 m (18 specimens MQCAZ). LOS RÍOS: 47 km S de Santo Domingo, Río Palenque Biológical Station, 200–250 m (205 specimens MQCAZ); Río Palenque Station (44 specimens CEMT; 79 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: Embalse Daule Peripa B.P Carrizal Chone, 110 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Puerto López, Las Tunas, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PICHINCHA: Río Guayllabamba Llurimaguas, 290 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Río Guayllabamba Tortugo, 450 m (3 specimens MUTPL). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 10 m (8 specimens CEMT; 29 specimens MUTPL). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Santo Domingo, Puerto Limón, 340 m (23 specimens MUTPL).
GUAYAS: Bucay (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests, coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests, and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 8–1200 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Onthophagus basicarinatus Rossini, Vaz-de-Mello & Zunino, 2018a: 567 (original description. Type locality: COLOMBIA: AMAZONAS. Leticia, Isla Santa Sofia, 215 m), 547 (figures: 2e-g, 2m-q, 5b), 551–553 (characters in key), 568 (distribution).
Onthophagus
basicarinatus
:
Onthophagus basicarinatus Rossini, Vaz-de-Mello & Zunino, 2018. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
NAPO (= ORELLANA): Estación Cientifica Yasuní, 215 m (
Collected in September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests in the Amazon region at 215 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Onthophagus bidentatus Drapiez, 1819: 134 (original description. Type locality: Cayenne).
Onthophagus
bidentatus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) bidentatus
:
Onthophagus
bicornis
Castelnau, 1840: 87 (original description);
Onthophagus
femoralis
Kirsch, 1871: 346 (original description);
Onthophagus
semichalcites
d’Orbigny, 1902: 149 (original description); Gillet, 1911a: 195 (cited for Nigeria);
Onthophagus bidentatus Drapiez, 1819. The lectotype (♀) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Onthophagus bicornis Castelnau, 1840. The lectotype (♀) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Onthophagus femoralis Kirsch, 1871. Type material not examined.
Onthophagus semichalcites d’Orbigny, 1902. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN Locality: Benin (incorrect provenance, see
Argentina, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guadalupe, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.
NAPO: 5 km NE Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, 800 m (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: road El Chorro-La Chonta, 1000 m (3 specimens CEMT).
Collected in April and May.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 800–1000 m a.s.l. Collected manually.
Onthophagus ophion var. confusus Boucomont, 1932: 306 (original description. Type locality: Bolivie, Équator).
Onthophagus
ophion
var.
confusus
:
Onthophagus
confusus
:
Onthophagus
nabeleki
Balthasar, 1939h: 43 (original description);
Onthophagus confusus Boucomont, 1932. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Onthophagus nabeleki Balthasar, 1939. The lectotype (♀) is deposited at the SMTD (see
Ecuador and Peru.
AZUAY: Huigra, 1000 (3 specimens MNHN). BOLIVAR: Balzapamba (1 specimen MNHN); Chimbo (2 specimens SMTD). COTOPAXI: Las Pampas, 1800 m (4 specimens CEMT); Otonga, 1800 m (4 specimens CEMT). IMBABURA: Paramba [= Parambas] (3 specimens SMTD). EL ORO: 10 km S de Portovelo (1 specimen CEMT); Piñas, 1200 m (26 specimens CEMT). GUAYAS: Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco, 350 m (27 specimens CEMT); Bucay (1 specimen MSMF). LOJA: 5 km N de Zambi, 1300 m (1 specimen CEMT); Gonzanama, 2000 m (2 specimens CEMT); Jimbura, 2100 m (2 specimens CEMT); Landangui (1 specimen MNHN); Piscobamba (1 specimen MSMF); without specific locality (1 specimen MNHN). PICHINCHA: 5 km SE de Nanegalito (2 specimens CEMT); Mindo, 1200–1500 m (3 specimens CEMT); Nanegalito, 1500 m (1 specimen CEMT); San José de Minas, 2400 m (8 specimens CEMT). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 10 m (291 specimens CEMT).
AZUAY: Huigra (
Collected in January, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 10–1200 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the evergreen lower montane forests and the montane cloud forests from 1300–2400 m a.s.l. Species was collected with pitfall traps baited with pig feces and human feces.
Onthophagus coscineus Bates, 1887: 79 (original description. Type locality: PANAMA, volcán de Chiriqui).
Onthophagus
coscineus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) coscineus
:
Onthophagus coscineus Bates, 1887. The lectotype is deposited at the NHML (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (2 specimens MECN); ESMERALDAS: Gualpi (1 specimen CEMT); SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Santo Domingo, Puerto Limón, 395 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in March, April, September, and October.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests from 300–395 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Onthophagus curvicornis Latreille, 1811: 220 (original description. Type locality: Quito).
Onthophagus
curvicornis
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) curvicornis
:
Onthophagus
minax
Kirsch, 1866: 215 (original description);
Onthophagus curvicornis Latreille, 1811. Type material not examined.
Onthophagus minax Kirsch, 1866. Type material not examined.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
CHIMBORAZO: 2 km S de Puela, 2315 m (3 specimens CEMT). COTOPAXI: Otonga, 2200 m (1 specimen CEMT). EL ORO: Piñas, 1200 m (3 specimens CEMT). LOJA: 5 km N of Zambi, 1300 m (1 specimen CEMT); 10 km N of Zambi, 1850 m (1 specimen CEMT); Gonzanama, 2000 m (1 specimen CEMT); Las Chinchas, 2100 m (3 specimens CEMT); Loja, Villonaco, 2600 m (2 specimens CEMT). PICHINCHA: Quito, Nayón, 2500 m (8 specimens MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: 10 km SW Baños, 2880 m (1 specimen CEMT).
PICHINCHA: Quito (
Collected in February, March, April, May, August, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests in the Amazonian range at 1300 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered for the montane cloud forests and the high evergreen montane forests from 1850–2880 m a.s.l. Collected manually and in dog feces.
Onthophagus cyanellus Bates, 1887: 81 (original description. Type locality: MEXICO: Parada, Jalapa; GUATEMALA: San Jerónimo, Cerro Zunil; COSTA RICA: Río Sucio, Volcán de Irazu; PANAMA, Bugabá, Volcán de Chiriqui).
Onthophagus
cyanellus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) cyanellus
:
Onthophagus cyanellus Bates, 1887. The lectotype is deposited at the NHML (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.
BOLIVAR: Chimbo (
It is not known when this species was collected.
It is possible that this species may be found in coastal evergreen foothill forests.
Onthophagus dicranius Bates, 1887: 72 (original description. Type locality: PANAMA, Bugaba).
Onthophagus
dicranius
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) dicranius
:
Onthophagus dicranius Bates, 1887. The lectotype is deposited at the NHML (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
LOS RIOS: CCRP [= Centro Científico Río Palenque] (5 specimens CEMT).
PICHINCHA [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS]: Santo Domingo de los Colorados (
It is unknown when this species was collected.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests. The collection method is unknown; however, according to
Onthophagus dicranoides Balthasar, 1939h: 43 (original description. Type locality: Bucai [= Bucay], Guayaquil).
Onthophagus
dicranoides
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) dicranoides
:
Onthophagus dicranoides Balthasar, 1939. Five syntypes examined deposited at the NMPC and MSMF. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “W Ecuador / Pucay / F. Ohaus S. [p]”, “Bucay 300 m / F. Ohs. 12.6.05 [p]”, “P.G. 3345 / Canada balsam / M. Zunino 1980 [hw]”, “TYPUS [p, red label, black margin]”, “Onthophagus / dicranioides / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 26326 / Inv. [p and hw, orange label]”, “dicranioides m. [hw, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Bucay 300 m / F. Ohs. 12.6.05 [p]”, “P.G. 3346 / Canada balsam / M. Zunino 1980 [hw]”, “TYPUS [p, red label, black margin]”, “Onthophagus / dicranioides / n. sp / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 26327 / Inv. [p and hw, orange label]”.
Syntype (♀): “Bucay 300 m / F. Ohs. 20.6.05 [p]”, “Onthophagus / dicranioides / n. sp Typ. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Senckenberg- / Museum / Frankfurt / Main [p]”, “TYPUS [p, red label, black margin]”, “Senckenberg / Museum [p]”.
Syntype (♂): “Bucay 300 m / F. Ohs. 20.6.05 [p]”, “Onthophagus / dicranioides / n. sp Typ. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Senckenberg- / Museum / Frankfurt / Main [p]”, “TYPUS [p, red label, black margin]”, “Senckenberg / Museum [p]”.
Syntype (♂): “W Ecuador / Guayaquil [p]”, “Onthophagus / dicranioides / n. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Senckenberg- / Museum / Frankfurt / Main [p]”, “Para- / typoid [p, black label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
CAÑAR: La Troncal (2 specimens CEMT). EL ORO: Piñas, 1200 m (9 specimens CEMT). GUAYAS: Pucay [= Bucay], 300 m (2 specimens NMPC; 2 specimens MSMF); Guayaquil (1 specimen MSMF). LOS RÍOS: CCRP [= Centro Científico Río Palenque] (13 specimens CEMT); Río Palenque Station (1 specimen CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Santo Domingo de los Colorados (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in January, February, March, May, June, and September.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests from 50–1200 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Onthophagus digitifer Boucomont, 1932: 324 (original description. Type locality: Pérou, Puno Chanchamayo, Vilcanota; Colombie orientale, Huaso).
Onthophagus
digitifer
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) digitifer
:
Onthophagus digitifer Boucomont, 1932. Five syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN and SMTD (coll. C Felsche, ex coll. A Boucomont). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 215 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (5 specimens CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: El Dorado de Cascales Pozo Mascarey, 395 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in May and June.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 215–395 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Onthophagus embrikianus Paulian, 1936b: 507 (original description. Type locality: Colombie et d’Equateur [= Colombia and Ecuador]).
Onthophagus
embrikianus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) embrikianus
:
Onthophagus embrikianus Paulian, 1936. Two syntypes examined deposited in MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia and Ecuador.
GUAYAS: Bucay (2 specimens MNHN).
PICHINCHA: without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests. There are no other records of this species in the collections visited by the authors. The collection method is unknown.
Onthophagus insularis Boheman, 1858: 47 (original description. Type locality: Insula Taiti).
Onthophagus
insularis
:
Onthophagus insularis Boheman, 1858. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the NHRS (see
Supposedly known only from Ecuador.
GUAYAS: Probably Ecuador, around Guayaquil (
It is not known when this species was collected.
According to
Onthophagus lojanus Balthasar, 1939h: 44 (original description. Type locality: Loja in den Ostkordillieren).
Onthophagus
lojanus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) lojanus
:
Onthophagus lojanus Balthasar, 1939. Four syntypes examined deposited at the MSMF and NMPC. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Loja Ostcordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 18.9.05 [p]”, “Onthophagus / lojanus / n. sp. Typ. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Senckenberg- / Museum / Frankfurt / Main [p]”, “Typus [p, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Loja Ostcordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 1.10.05 [p]”, “Onthophagus / lojanus n. sp. / Type / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Senckenberg- / Museum / Frankfurt / Main [p]”, “Para- / typoid [p, red label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Loja Ostcordill. / Sabanilla / Arsen 5.10.05 [p]”, “P.G. 3344 / Canada balsam / M. Zunino 1980 [hw]”, “TYPUS ! [p, red label, black margin]”, “Onthophagus / lojanus n. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 26224/ Inv. [p and hw, orange label]”, “lojanus / m. [hw, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Loja Ostcordill. / Sabanilla / F. Ohs. 29.9.05 [p]”, “P.G. 3343 / Canada balsam / M. Zunino 1980 [hw]”, “TYPUS [p, red label, black margin]”, “Onthophagus / lojanus n. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 26223 / Inv. [p and hw, orange label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA [= ZAMORA CHINCHIPE]: Ostcordill Sabanilla [= currently El Tambo] (2 specimens NMPC; 2 specimens MSMF).
It is not known when this species was collected.
It is possible that this species may be found in montane cloud forests on the Andean slopes.
Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880a: 31 (original description. Type locality: Ambalema).
Onthophagus
marginicollis
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) marginicollis
:
Onthophagus marginicollis Harold, 1880. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
ORELLANA: Coca-Napo (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in April.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region. The collection method is unknown.
Onthophagus mirabilis Bates, 1887: 74 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Río Morona).
Onthophagus
mirabilis
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) mirabilis
:
Onthophagus mirabilis Bates, 1887. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. HW Bates) (see
Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Cordillera la Curintza, 1790 m (1 specimen CEMT); Tundayme, La Escombrera, 1225 m (2 specimens CEMT).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Río Morona (
Collected in September and October.
Inhabits the foothill forests of the Amazon region at 1225 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, the species was recorded in the evergreen lower montane forest at 1790 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Onthophagus nasutus Guérin-Méneville, 1855: 589 (original description. Without type locality).
Onthophagus
nasutus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) nasutus
: Vaz-de-Mello, 2000: 194 (cited for Brazil);
Onthophagus nasutus Guérin-Méneville, 1855. Type material not examined.
Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador.
LOJA: without specific locality (
It is not known when this species was collected.
The habitat requirements and collection methods are unknown. There are no other records of this species in the collections examined.
Onthophagus onorei Zunino & Halffter, 1997: 168 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Napo, La Joya de los Sachis [= Orellana, La Joya de los Sachas], 290 m).
Onthophagus
onorei
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) onorei
:
Onthophagus onorei Zunino & Halffter, 1997. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MZc (see
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
ORELLANA: Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: El Dorado de Cascales, Pozo Aguas Blancas, 385 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado de Cascales, Pozo Diamante (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado de Cascales, Pozo cristal, 425 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Nueva Loja, plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu, Campo Libertador, 265 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO [= ORELLANA]: La Joya de los Sachis [= La Joya de los Sachas], 290 m (
Collected in May, September, October, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 265–425 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Onthophagus osculatii Guérin-Méneville, 1855: 589 (original description. Without type locality).
Onthophagus
osculatii
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) osculatii
:
Onthophagus osculatii Guérin-Méneville, 1855. The neotype (♂) is deposited at the IRSN (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Surinam.
NAPO: 20 km S de Tena (
Collected in February, April, July, August, and September.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 215–450 m a.s.l. According to
Onthophagus rubrescens Blanchard, 1843: 183 (original description. Type locality: Yanacuche, Chupe et Chulumani, dans la province de Yungas).
Onthophagus
rubrescens
:
Onthophagus
rubrescens
var.
haematopus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) rubrescens
:
Onthophagus rubrescens Blanchard, 1843. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Bosque Domoso, 1650 m (1 specimen CEMT); Huambi, 900 m (2 specimens CEMT). NAPO: Tena (1 specimen CEMT). ORELLANA: SCYasuní [= Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE], 250 m (5 specimens CEMT); Río Tiputini, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (2 specimens CEMT). PASTAZA: Villano (3 specimens CEMT).
CHIMBORAZO: without specific locality (
Collected in April, June, July, August, September, and October.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, evergreen foothill forests and evergreen lower montane forests in the Amazonian range from 250–1650 m a.s.l. Collected manually, using flight interception traps and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces. According to
Onthophagus sharpi Harold, 1875d: 138 (original description. Without type locality).
Onthophagus
sharpi
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) sharpi
:
Onthophagus sharpi Harold, 1875. The holotype is deposited at the MNHN (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
PICHINCHA: Llurimaguas, Guayabilla Río Guayllabamba, 520 m (2 specimens CEMT); Tortugo Río Guayllabamba, 450 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in March and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests from 450–520 m a.s.l. Collected in aerial fruit traps.
Onthophagus steinheili Harold, 1880a: 34 (original description. Type locality: Fusagasugá).
Onthophagus
steinheili
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) steinheili
:
Onthophagus steinheili Harold, 1880. The lectotype is deposited at the MNHN (see
Colombia and Ecuador.
ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Chito, Río San Francisco, 1800 m (2 specimens CEMT).
Collected in February.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests of the Andean region at 1800 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Onthophagus stockwelli Howden & Young, 1981: 101 (original description. Type locality: Panama. Colón Prov., 270 m, 10 mi [= 16 km], SE Colón Santa Rita Ridge).
Onthophagus
stockwelli
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) stockwelli
:
Onthophagus stockwelli Howden & Young, 1981. The holotype is deposited at the CMNC (ex coll. H Howden) (see
Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
LOS RÍOS: Río Palenque Biológical Station, 250 m (5 specimens CEMT).
ESMERALDAS: 11 km SE San Lorenzo, La Chiquita, 5 m (
Collected in February, May, June, and July
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5–300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Onthophagus transisthmius Howden & Young, 1981: 106 (original description. Type locality: Panama. Canal Zone, Gamboa Limbo Hunt Club).
Onthophagus
transisthmius
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) transisthmius
:
Onthophagus transisthmius Howden & Young, 1981. The holotype is deposited at the USNM (see
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
MORONA SANTIAGO: road Mendez-Paute km 8 (1 specimen CEMT). PASTAZA: plataforma Villano (2 specimens CEMT); Villano (4 specimens CEMT).
NAPO: Jatun Sacha Biological Station, 450 m (
Collected in January, June, July, and August.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 290–1200 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Onthophagus xanthomerus Bates, 1887: 69 (original description. Type locality: Amazonas, Ega [= Tefé]).
Onthophagus
xanthomerus
:
Onthophagus (Onthophagus) xanthomerus
:
Onthophagus
canellinus
Bates, 1887: 70 (original description);
Onthophagus xanthomerus Bates, 1887. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. HW Bates and ex coll. R Oberthur). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Onthophagus canellinus Bates, 1887. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (5 specimens MECN); Comunidad Unsuants, 500–1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (13 specimens MECN); Nuevo Israel, 1290 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MUTPL). NAPO: Puerto Misahualli (2 specimens MECN); Shiqui cerca al Tena, 480 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MUTPL); Tena, 450 m (3 specimens MECN). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, 200 m Parque Nacional Yasuní (7 specimens MECN); Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); plataforma Daimi 1 (1 specimen CEMT); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); SCYASUNI [= Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, Parque Nacional Yasuní], 250 m (2 specimens CEMT); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 215 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res Stn. (5 specimens CEMT). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660–809 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Chuyayacu km 25 Oleoducto, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Mera, E. B. Pindo Mirador UTE, 1000 m (1 specimen CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Pacayacu Campo Libertador, Tapi, 260 m (1 specimen CEMT); Tarapoa Campo Marian, 260 m, plataforma Fanny 5 (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento Ecsa, San Marcos, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme, campamento Ecsa, vivero, 820 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN; 1 specimen MUTPL).
GUAYAS: Bucay (
Collected in all months except October.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, evergreen foothill forests, and evergreen lower montane forests in the Amazonian range from 200–1500 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion, human feces and dead chilopods. According to
Oruscatus Bates, 1870: 174 (original description. Type species: Oruscatus davus
Oruscatus:
Oruscatus opalescens Bates, 1870: 174 (original description. Type locality: Equador, prope Cuencam [= near Cuenca]).
Oruscatus
opalescens
:
Oruscatus opalescens Bates, 1870. Type material not examined.
Colombia and Ecuador.
LOJA: Loja (14 specimens MNHN); Parque Nacional Podocarpus (1 specimen CEMT). MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (1 specimen MHNH); Tinajillas, 2140 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). NAPO: Oyacachi, Río Cedro, 3264–3320 m (2 specimens MUTPL). PICHINCHA: Quito (1 specimen MNHN). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (8 specimens MNHN); without specific locality (1 specimen NHML).
AZUAY: prope Cuencam [= near Cuenca] (
Collected in November.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2140–3320 m a.s.l. Collected in Andean tapir feces.
Oxysternon Laporte, 1840: 82 (original description. Type species: Scarabeus festivus Linnaeus, 1767. Type subsequently designated by
Oxysternon:
Sternaspis Hope, 1837: 52 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus festivus Linnaeus, 1767);
Strombodes Gistel, 1857: 602 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus festivus Linnaeus, 1767 original designation);
Oxysternon (Mioxysternon) Edmonds, 1972: 836 (characters in key); 838 (original description. Type species: Oxysternon spiniferum Laporte, 1840, original designation);
Oxysternon (Pteroxysternon) Arnaud, 2002: 63 (original description. Type species: Oxysternon pteroderum Nevinson, 1892);
Oxysternon spiniferum Laporte, 1840: 83 (original description. Type locality: Cayenne).
Oxysternon (Mioxysternon) spiniferum
:
Oxysternon (Mioxysternon) spiniferum spiniferum
:
Oxysternon
spiniferum
:
Oxysternon curvispinum d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 119 (original description. Type locality: Equateur [= Ecuador], Loja).
Oxysternon
curvispinum
:
Oxysternon
spiniferum
var.
curvispinum
:
Oxysternon spiniferum Laporte, 1840. The neotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. R Oberthur, ex coll. van Lansberge). Locality: Guyana, examined.
Neotype (♂): “Guyana [hw]”, “Museum Paris / ex coll. / R. Oberthur [p, blak margin, green label]”, “Ex- Musæo / VAN LANSBERGE [p, blak margin, white label]”, “Oxysternon / spiniferum / Cast / P.ARNAUD Designation 00 / NEOTYPE ♂ [p and hw, red margin, white label]”.
Oxysternon curvispinum d’Olsoufieff, 1924. The Lectotype is deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. R. Oberthur). Locality: Equateur [= Ecuador], Loja (examined).
Lectotype (♂): “Equateur / Loja / Abbé Gaujon [p, black margin]”, “Museum Paris / ex coll. / R. Oberthur [p, green label]”, “Oxysternon / curvispinum sp. nov [p, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE [p, red label]”, “O. curvispinum / Ols. / Lectotyope ♂ / P. Arnaud DET 1981 [p and hw]”.
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, and Peru.
LOJA: without specific locality (1 specimen MNHN). ORELLANA: Estación Científica Yasuní, Parque Nacional Yasuní (5 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660 m (1 specimen CEMT; 3 specimens MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Cascales, 400 m, Pozo Ruby 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); La Selva Bio Station 175 km E.S.E del Coca (1 specimen MQCAZ). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento Mirador vivero, 820 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador road to Polvorín, 1200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (2 specimens MUTPL).
LOJA: without specific locality (
Collected in January, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 200–1200 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Oxysternon (Oxysternon) s. str. Laporte, 1840: 82 (original description. Type species: Scarabeus festivus Linnaeus, 1767);
Copris conspicillata Weber, 1801: 36 (original description. Type locality: Brafilia [= Brazil]).
Copris
conspicillatus
:
Phanaeus
conspicillatus
:
Oxysternon
conspicillatum
:
Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum var. conspicillatum
:
Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum
:
Copris conspicillata Weber, 1801. Type material not examined.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso 300 m (5 specimens MECN). COTOPAXI: Chugchilán, 2600 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). EL ORO: San Roque (1 specimen MQCAZ); Salvias, Río San José, 1200 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: 11 km SE San Lorenzo, 5 m, Estación Forestal La Chiquita (8 specimens MQCAZ); Charco Vicente (7 specimens MGO-UC; 21 specimens MQCAZ; 11 specimens MECN); Colón del Onzole (16 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Majua (1 specimen MGO-UC; 14 specimens MQCAZ; 19 specimens MECN); Pajonal (15 specimens MQCAZ; 12 specimens MECN); Palma Real (10 specimens MQCAZ; 7 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (5 specimens MGO-UC; 33 specimens MQCAZ; 23 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, 150 m (2 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL; 45 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (4 specimens MGO-UC; 8 specimens MQCAZ; 11 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (10 specimens MGO-UC; 36 specimens MQCAZ; 19 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Pistolas (2 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Pote (2 specimens CEMT; 1 specimen MGO-UC; 18 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Río Santiago, 200 m (1 specimen CEMT; 11 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Salto del Bravo (9 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Tsejpi (19 specimens MGO-UC; 22 specimens MQCAZ; 12 specimens MECN); Tsejpi río Zapallo (3 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Lita, 680 m (7 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN). LOJA: Cariamanga (1 specimen MQCAZ); Catamayo (1 specimen MQCAZ). LOS RÍOS: Estación Biológica Río Palenque, 220 m (33 specimens MQCAZ). MANABÍ: sector El Mono, 245 m, Reserva Ecológica Mache Chindul (1 specimen MGO-UC). MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300–1700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MQCAZ; 2 specimens MECN); Comunidad Unsuants, 700–1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (5 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Macas (9 specimens MQCAZ); San Antonio, Limon Indazo, Centro Shuar Wuarints; San Pedro de Apondio, 1600 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Wisui road to Taisha, 650 m (1 specimen MUTPL). NAPO: Archidona (3 specimens MCQAZ); Comunidad Rumiñahui, sector Kuriurko, 1070 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacto Sumaco, 1620 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Parahuacu (2 specimens MECN); Tena (15 specimen MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (3 specimens MECN); Comunidad Kiwcha Chiruisla Station, 180–250 m (24 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (4 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Eden Yuturí, 225 m, Bloque 15 (1 specimen MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (1 specimen CEMT; 15 specimens MQCAZ); SCYASUNI [= Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, Parque Nacional Yasuní], 250 m (2 specimens CEMT; 54 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 285 m, Río Tiputini, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL; 2 specimens MGO-UC); Ines Arango Pre-Cooperativa Andina, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Loreto (1 specimen MQCAZ); Parque Nacional Yasuní, 1220 m (1 specimen CEMT; 9 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Yasuní, 250 m (4 specimens CEMT; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Yasuní (1 specimen MGO-UC). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660–950 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Llandia 17 km N del Puyo, 1000 m (4 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Chespi, 1140 m, Hacienda El Rosario (1 specimen MGO-UC); Estación Biológica La Hesperia (2 specimens MUTPL); Guayabilla Río Guayllabamba, 520 m, Manduriacus (1 specimen MGO-UC); Llurimaguas Río Guayllabamba, 290 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Mangaloma, 720 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (3 specimens MUTPL); Nanegal (5 specimens MQCAZ); Nono (1 specimen MQCAZ); San Roque Río Guayllabamba, 580 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL; 1 specimen MGO-UC). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Alluriquín, 800 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); Río Toachi (11 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 275 m, 16 km de Lago Agrio (1 specimen MGO-UC); Cuyabeno (12 specimens MQCAZ); Laguna Grande Cuyabeno, 250 m (1 specimen CEMT; 19 specimens MQCAZ); Nueva Loja plataforma Iguana, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Paña Cocha Sendero Playas del Cuyabeno, 260 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Sansahuari, 260 m, Pozo Singüe (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa Campo Marian, plataforma Fanny 5, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA-CHINCHIPE: Bombuscaro, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 1100 m (5 specimens MECN); San Andres, 1850 m (2 specimens CEMT); Valladolid, 1645 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Zamora (5 specimens MQCAZ); Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN, 2 specimens MUTPL); Zurmi Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN; 3 specimens MUTPL); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
COTOPAXI: Las Palmas (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen, coastal lowland semi-deciduous, and coastal foothill evergreen forests from 5–1140 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the montane cloud and high montane evergreen forests from 1800–2600 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded from the lowland evergreen, varzea, foothill evergreen, and lower montane evergreen forests from 1380–1700 m a.s.l. Collected manually using flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Oxysternon smaragdinum d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 117 (original description. Type locality: Loja, Amazones [= Amazonas]: Pebas).
Oxysternon
smaragdinum
:
Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus smaragdinum
:
Oxysternon smaragdinum d’Olsoufieff, 1924. The lectotype (♂) is deposited in the MNHN (see
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (5 specimens MECN). ESMERALDAS: Colón del Onzole (7 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Charco Vicente (8 specimens MECN; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Estación Biológica Bilsa, 500 m (3 specimens MEPN); Majua (4 specimens MECN; 6 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (7 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro (1 specimen CEMT); Salto del Bravo (5 specimen MECN); Tsejpi Charco Grande (2 specimens CEMT). IMBABURA: El Chontal, El Cauchero, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Lita, 680 m (1 specimen MECN). MORONA SANTIAGO: km 8 road Mendez-Paute, 1250 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); San Pedro de Apondio, 1600 m (1 specimen MECN). NAPO: Bosque Protector la Cascada Río Coca, 640 m (1 specimen MUTPL); southeast of Puerto Napo, 610 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Pindo, 305 m, Pindo Este 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Eden Yuturí, 225 m, Bloque 15 (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 215 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (21 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 280 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); Payamino Research Stn, 300 m (1 specimen CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (2 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco, 345 m, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal, 345 m Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL); San Pedro del Lago, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555–950 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PICHINCHA: San Roque Río Guayllabamba, 580 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, 300 m, Precooperativa Los Vergeles (1 specimen MGO-UC); Cuyabeno Campo Hormiga (1 specimen CEMT); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tipishca (2 specimens MECN). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: km 4 Zumbí-Yantzaza, 900 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (3 specimens MUTPL; 1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
CARCHI: without specific locality (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5–680 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded in the lowland evergreen forests, the foothill evergreen forests, and evergreen lower montane forests from 215–1700 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Phanaeus Macleay, 1819: 124 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus carnifex Linnaeus, 1767 subsequent designation by d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 23).
Phanaeus:
Lonchophorus Germar, 1824: 106 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus carnifex Linnaeus, 1767);
Onthurgus Gistel, 1857: 602 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus carnifex Linnaeus, 1767);
Palaeocopris Pierce, 1946: 130 (original description. Type species: Palaeocopris labreae Pierce, 1946);
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) Edmonds, 1994: 18 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus splendidulus Fabricius, 1781 original combination);
Phanaeus achilles Boheman, 1858: 42 (original description. Type locality: Insula Puna [= Isla Puna]).
Phanaeus
achilles
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) achilles achiles
:
Phanaeus
Achilles
lydiae
Arnaud, 2000: 8 (original description);
Phanaeus
foveolatus
Harold, 1880b: 152 (original description);
Phanaeus achilles Boheman, 1858. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHRS (see
Phanaeus foveolatus Harold, 1880. The holotype is deposited at the NMHU. Locality: Guayaquil, examined.
Holotype (♂): “Guayaquil. / Rusj [hw, green label]”, “foveolatus / Harold [hw, green label]”, “38678 [p]”, “1405 [p]”, “♂ HOLOTYPE [hw and p, red label]”.
Phanaeus achilles lydiae Arnaud, 2000. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CPFA (see
Paratype (♂): “ECUADOR (GUA) / Cerecita / 02 / 87 / P. Arnaud leg [p]”, “Phanaeus achilles / lydiae / P. ARNAUD DET 96 / PARATYPE ♂ [p and hw, red margin]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
EL ORO: 3 km S de Arenillas, 50 m (6 specimens CEMT); Arenillas, 15 m (75 specimens CEMT). GUAYAS: Cerecita (1 specimen MQCAZ); Guayaquil (1 specimen NMHU; 2 specimens CFPL); Los Ceibos Guayaquil (4 specimenes CEMT); Puna [= Isla Puna] (2 specimens NHRS). LOJA: Catamayo, Alamala, 1100 m (16 specimens MUTPL). MANABÍ: El Aromo, La Fabril, 290 m (1 specimen CEMT; 8 specimens MUTPL); El Aromo, Pueblo, 370 m (3 specimens MUTPL); Machalilla, 30 m (1 specimen CEMT); San Juan de Manta, 160 m (3 specimens MUTPL). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen NHRS).
GUAYAS: 40 km SW Guayaquil, 50 m (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, October, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests from 5–370 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the matorral dry montane forests from 1100–1210 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) arletteae Arnaud, 2018: 4 (original description. Type locality: Point kilométrique 18, Route de Balzar à Quevedo [= km 18, road Balzar to Quevedo], 400 m, Guayas, Ecuador), 5 (figure 2a-c).
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) arletteae
:
Phanaeus
arletteae
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) arletteae Arnaud, 2018. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CPFA (see
Colombia and Ecuador
LOJA: Zapotillo Cabeza de Toro, 510 m (1 specimen CEMT).
CAÑAR: Rte La Troncal-Cuenca, Javin, 1400 m (Arnaud, 2018: 4). GUAYAS: Balzar mountain (d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 92; Arnaud, 2002a: 99;
Collected in March and May.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests, coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests, and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 400–1400 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Phanaeus bispinus Bates, 1868: 89 (original description. Type locality: Pastaza, Canelos).
Phanaeus
bispinus
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) bispinus
:
Phanaeus
digitalis
d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 34 (original description);
Phanaeus bispinus Bates, 1868. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Phanaeus digitalis d’Olsoufieff, 1924. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.
NAPO: Puerto Napo, 480 m (2 specimens MECN). ORELLANA: Añangu (1 specimen MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Palanda, plataforma Primavera 1, 235 m (6 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Pindo, plataforma Pindo Este 1, 305 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Onkone Gare, 220 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MUTPL); El Coca, plataforma Oso B (1 specimen MUTPL); Yasuni Puce BS, 200 m, Río Tiputini (3 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: Garzacocha (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tarapoa, 260 m, Fanny 5 (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO: Tena, 400 m (
Collected in February, May, August, September, October, and November.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–400 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Phanaeus cambeforti Arnaud, 1982b: 122 (original description. Type locality: Saül, French Guiana).
Phanaeus
cambeforti
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) cambeforti
:
Phanaeus cambeforti Arnaud, 1982. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, and Peru.
ORELLANA: Daimi 1; Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda, Estación Palanda 5, 320 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 280 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (3 specimens MUTPL); Puce Yasuní Biological Station, 250 m, Río Tiputini (7 specimens MQCAZ); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (1 specimen CEMT); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Tiputini Yasuní Res. Stn. (3 specimens CEMT). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 660 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Cascales, 400 m, Pozo Ruby 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Cuyabeno Lag. Grande (2 specimen MQCAZ); Tarapoa, 260 m, Fanny 5 (2 specimens MUTPL).
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (Arnaud, 1982b: 123).
Collected in January, March, April, May, July, August, and November.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 250–660 m a.s.l. Collected manually, with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Onitis chalcomelas Perty, 1830: 40 (original description. Type locality: Habitat in mediterraneis Prov. S. Pauli et Minarum [= South America]).
Phanaeus
chalcomelas
:
Phanaeus (Phanaeus) chalcomelas
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) chalcomelas
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) chalcomelas chalcomelas
:
Onitis chalcomelas Perty, 1830. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the ZSM (see
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MECN); Comunidad Unsuants, 700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (3 specimens MECN). NAPO: Jatun Sacha, 500 m (3 specimens MECN); sur oeste de Puerto Napo, 535 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Comunidad Kiwcha Chiruisla Station, 180–250 m (7 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Palanda plataforma Primavera 1, 235 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Daimi (3 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 290 m, Parque Nacional Yasuní (2 specimens MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Yasuní Puce BS, 250 m, Río Tiputini (18 specimens MQCAZ); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Yampuna; Zamona-Yuturi (2 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 645–810 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Estación Biológica Pindo Mirador UTE, 1000 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Bermejo plataforma ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); Lago Agrio, 250 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Limoncocha, 220 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, Tapi, 265 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Pañayacu Las Palmeras del Ecuador, 270 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); RPF Cuyabeno (4 specimens MQCAZ); Sacha Lodge, 270 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Macuma (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 180–1300 m a.s.l. Collected manually and using canopy fogging methods, flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Phanaeus haroldi Kirsch, 1871: 342 (original description. Type locality: Bogotá).
Phanaeus
haroldi
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) haroldi
:
Phanaeus
schneblei
Frey, 1963: 558 (original description);
Phanaeus haroldi Kirsch, 1871. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the SMTD (see
Phanaeus schneblei Frey, 1963. Type material not examined.
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Huambi, 900 m (2 specimens CEMT); Logroño (1 specimen MQCAZ); Taisha (1 specimen MQCAZ); km 8 road to Mendez-Paute (1 specimen MQCAZ). NAPO: 4 km de San Pedro de Arajuno, 370 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Avila Viejo Ek olm, 750 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Cotundo Comunidad Rumiñahui, 1070 m, Kuriurcu (1 specimen MUTPL); Pano (1 specimen MQCAZ); Puerto Napo, 480 m (2 specimens MQCAZ; 1 specimen MECN); Talag Marungachi, 750 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Coca (1 specimen MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Palanda, Pindo 14, 255 m (3 specimens MUTPL); El Coca plataforma Oso B, 250 m (1 specimen MECN); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (8 specimen MQCAZ); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (6 specimens, CEMT; 2 specimens MQCAZ; 1 specimen MECN); Ines Arango road Tiwino-río Shiripuno, 250 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Taracoa (1 specimen MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 555 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Cononaco (1 specimen MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 306 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Campo Bermejo, 600 m (1 specimen MECN); Shusufindi Recinto la Pantera, 250 m (1 specimen CEMT). ZAMORA CHICNHIPE: km 1 road Cumbaritza-Gualaquiza (1 specimen MQCAZ); El Pangui, Eneretza, 925 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Tunantza, Timbara (1 specimen MQCAZ).
LOJA: without specific locality (Noriega et al. 2009: 406). NAPO: Aliñahui Amazon Basin (Noriega et al. 2009: 406); Archidona (Noriega et al. 2009: 406); Pto Misahualli (Noriega et al. 2009: 406); 29 km E of San Pedro de Arajuno, 362 m (Noriega et al. 2009: 406); Tena, 400 m (
Collected in February, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 255–1070 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces. The record for Quito is probably erroneous.
Phanaeus meleagris Blanchard, 1843: 176 (original description. Type locality: Province de Santa-Cruz de la Sierra, Yungas).
Phanaeus
meleagris
:
Phanaeus (Phanaeus) meleagris
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) meleagris
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) meleagris minos
:
Phanaeus
minos
Erichson, 1847: 106 (original description);
Phanaeus meleagris Blanchard, 1843. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Phanaeus minos Erichson, 1847. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the NMHU (see
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
LOJA: Rta Loja-Zamora, 1400 m (7 specimens MQCAZ). MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300–1700 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (11 specimens MQCAZ); Comunidad Unsuants, Cordillera del Kutukú, 500–1100 m (8 specimens MQCAZ). Mera (3 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: Bosque Protector La Cascada Quebrada Granadillas, 1300 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Bosque Protector la Cascada Río Coca, 640 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Punte Río Quijos, 1402 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Puente Río el Salado-Río Quijos, 1280 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (1 specimen MUTPL); Río Hollín, 1100 m (4 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Estación Biologica Pindo Mirador UTE, 1000 m (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Gonzalo Pizarro Simón Bolivar, 1200 m (1 specimen MECN). TUNGURAHUA: Baños El Topo, 1590 m (2 specimens MUTPL); San Francisco del Río Pastaza, 1200 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Palanda (1 specimen MUTPL); Chito Río San Francisco, 1800 m (2 specimens CEMT; 2 specimens MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, La Escombrera, 1223 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme campamento Mirador, Cara de Indio; Yantzatza, 1477 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1000 m (2 specimens MUTPL).
PASTAZA: Mera (Edmonds, 1994: 102); Canelos (
Collected in February, March, April, August, September, October, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests and evergreen lower montane forests across the Amazon region from 500–1800 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887: 58 (original description. Type locality: Nicaragua, Chontales; Costa Rica: Panama, Bugaba, Chiriqui Volcano, 2000–3000 feet [= 610–915 m]; South America, Colombia).
Phanaeus
pyrois
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) pyrois
:
Phanaeus
blanchardi
d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 37 (characters in key), 92 (original description, cited for Ecuador);
Phanaeus (s. str.) funereus Balthasar, 1939: 241 (original description, cited for Ecuador).
Phanaeus
funereus
:
Phanaeus (Notiophanaeus) pyrois funereus
:
Phanaeus pyrois Bates, 1887. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML (ex coll. H. Bates). Locality: Chontales, Nicaragua, examined.
Lectotype (♂): “Chontales / Nicaragua / T. Belt. [p]”, “P. pyrois ♂ [hw]”, “B.C.A. / p. 58, sp 8. [p]”, “Sp. figured. [p]”, “Phanaeus / pyrois. Bates / Lectotype ♂ / P. ARNAUD DET 1980 [hw and p, red margin]”.
Phanaeus blanchardi d’Olsoufieff, 1924. The lectotype (♂) is deposited at the MNHN (see
Phanaeus (s. str.) funereus Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar). Locality: Pucay [= Bucay], examined.
Holotype (♂): “ECUADOR / Pucay / F.O., 10.6.05 [p]”, “♂ [hw]”, “H. Blut Determ. / Phanaeus / blanchardi Olsuf. [hw and p]”, “Felsche det. / Phanaeus / pyrois Bts. [hw and p]”, “Ph. funereus / m. n.sp. / Dr. v. Balthasar det. [hw and p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / Inv. [p], 26347 [hw, orange label]”, “ex coll. V. Balthasar / National Museum Prague / Czech Republic [p]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
BOLIVAR: Altamira de Echeandia, 520–720 m (1 specimen MUTPL). CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (5 specimens MECN). ESMERALDAS: Colón del Onzole (1 specimen MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Chisprero (5 specimens MECN); E C Río Canandé, 390 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Jeyambi PMFC (1 specimen MUTPL; 4 specimens MECN); Kumanii Lodge, 40 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Majua (1 specimen CEMT; 7 specimens MECN); Gualpi El Pajonal (7 specimens MECN); Palma Real (1 specimen CEMT; 5 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro Estero Pote, 200 m (6 specimens CEMT; 11 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro La Tabla (7 specimens MECN; 2 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro Playa Rica (4 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro Padre Santo (1 specimen MQCAZ; 9 specimens MECN); Salto del Bravo (5 specimens MECN); Tjespi (7 specimens MECN); Tjespi río Zapallo (1 specimen MQCAZ). GUAYAS: Guayaquil, 50 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Pucay [= Bucay] (1 specimen NMPC). IMBABURA: El Chontal, El Cauchero, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Lita, 680 (3 specimens MECN). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo Pichilingue (1 specimen CEMT). MANABÍ: Puerto López, Guale, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Las Tunas, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Puerto López, Puerto Rico, 110 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PICHINCHA: Guayabilla, 515 m, Río Guayllabamba, Manduriacus (1 specimen CEMT); El Encuentro, 620 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (3 specimens MUTPL); El Tigre Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL); Llurimaguas, 290 m, Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL); Mangaloma, 820 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); Mindo, 1500 m (2 specimens MECN); San Roque, 580 m, Río Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL); Tortugo Río Guayllabamba, 450 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL). SANTA ELENA: La Rinconada, 10 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Olón 50 m (2 specimens CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Otongachi, 960 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Santo Domingo, 500 m (2 specimens MECN).
ESMERALDAS: 11 km SE San Lorenzo (
Collected every month of the year.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 45–820 m a.s.l. Species was collected with pitfall traps baited with fungus, carrion, and human feces.
Phanaeus (Phanaeus) s. str. Macleay, 1819: 124 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus carnifex Linnaeus, 1767 original combination); d’
Phanaeus lunaris Taschenberg, 1870: 183 (original description. Type locality: Loja, Ecuador).
Phanaeus
lunaris
:
Phanaeus (Phanaeus) lunaris
:
Phanaeus
charon
Harold, 1880b: 151 (original description);
Phanaeus lunaris Taschenberg, 1870. Type material not examined.
Phanaeus charon Harold, 1880. Type material not examined.
Ecuador and Peru.
AZUAY: Santa Isabel río Jubones, 1035 m (4 specimens MQCAZ). CAÑAR: Javin (8 specimens CFPL); without specific locality (2 specimens CEMT). LOJA: 20 km N de Amaluza, 1250 m (2 specimens MQCAZ); Malacatos (2 specimens MQCAZ); Sozoranga (3 specimens MQCAZ); Vilcabamba, 1520 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo, 75 m (8 specimens CEMT); Quevedo, Pichilingue (2 specimens CEMT); La Clementina, 200 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). SANTA ELENA: Olón, 50 m (13 specimens CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Santo Domingo de los Colorados (1 specimen CEMT).
AZUAY: Huigra 1300 m (
Collected in January, February, March, May, June, July, September, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 50–1500 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was recorded in the evergreen lower montane forests from 1520–1810 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human and cow feces.
Scatimus Erichson, 1847: 110 (original description. Type species: Scatimus cucullatus Erichson, 1847 by monotypy).
Scatimus:
Scatimus cribrosus Génier & Kohlmann, 2003: 81 (original description. Type locality: ECU: Pich.; 250 m, 47 km S Sto. Domingo, Río Palenque Sta. [= provincia de Los Ríos]).
Scatimus
cribrosus
:
Scatimus cribrosus Génier & Kohlmann, 2003. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
CAÑAR: Javín, 850–1300 m (5 specimens, CEMT). LOS RÍOS: 47 km S Santo Domingo, 215 m (1 specimen CEMT); Estación Científica Río Palenque, 230–250 m (3 specimens CEMT). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: Tinalandia, 850 m (3 specimens CEMT).
PICHINCHA [= LOS RÍOS]: 47km S Sto. Domingo, Río Palenque Sta, 250m (
Collected in January, February, March, May, June, July, October, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 215–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Scatimus fernandezi Martínez, 1988b: 85 (original description. Type locality: Maracay, Estado Barinas, Santa Bárbara, Solano).
Scatimus
fernandezi
:
Scatimus fernandezi Martínez, 1988. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MACN (see
Colombia, Ecuador, Trinidad, and Venezuela.
ORELLANA: Dayuma Campo Palanda-Yuca Sur, 235 m, plataforma Primavera 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Eden, Campo Eden plataforma G, 220 m (1 specimen CEMT); Indillama, Río Tiputini Parque Nacional Yasuní, 220 (1 specimen MUTPL). SUCUMBÍOS: Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 275 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Limoncocha, Yamanunca, 225 m (1 specimen CEMT); Pacayacu, 280 m (1 specimen CEMT).
NAPO [= SUCUMBÍOS]: Limoncocha, 250 m (
Collected in May, August, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220–280 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods and pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Scatimus furcatus Balthasar, 1939i: 88 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Scatimus
furcatus
:
Scatimus furcatus Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NMPC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
PICHINCHA: Cerro San Cristobal Curipoglio, 1800 m (1 specimen CEMT); Choconde San Miguel de los Bancos, 1200 m (1 specimen CEMT); E.B. La Hesperia, 1200 m (1 specimen CEMT); Mindo, 1500 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); road to Chiriboga, 1400 m (1 specimen MQCAZ).
PICHINCHA [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS]: 29 km E Alluriquín (
Collected in January, March, June, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen lower montane forests of the Andean region from 1400–1800 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Scatimus monstrosus Balthasar, 1939i: 88 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador: Loja, Sigiro, Arenal, Catamayo, Ciano).
Scatimus
monstrosus
:
Scatimus furcatus Balthasar, 1939. The lectotype (♂) and three paralectotype are deposited at the NMPC (see
Ecuador and Peru.
LOJA: 5 km N de Gonzanama, 2400 m (1 specimen CEMT); Cariamanga (3 specimens MQCAZ); Cariamanga, Utuana, 2500 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Jimbura, 2100 m (1 specimen CEMT); Olmedo (2 specimens MQCAZ); Sozoranga (1 specimen MUTPL).
LOJA: Catamayo (
Collected in January, February, March, and May.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests and the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2100–2500 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Scatimus onorei Génier & Kohlmann, 2003: 92 (original description. Type locality: ECUADOR: Loja, Celica).
Scatimus
onorei
:
Scatimus onorei Génier & Kohlmann, 2003. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MQCAZ (see
Only known form Ecuador.
EL ORO: Arenillas, 15 m (2 specimens CEMT). LOJA: El Tundo, Papayo (1 specimen MUTPL); Macará Cangonama Chico, Reserva Laipuna, 830 m (1 specimen CEMT).
AZUAY: Palmar (
Collected in February, March, April, and June.
Inhabits coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests and coastal matorral dry montane forests from 15–830 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Scatimus pacificus Génier & Kohlmann, 2003: 87 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador: Guayas Prov., 25 km SW Guayaquil, 50m).
Scatimus
pacificus
:
Scatimus pacificus Génier & Kohlmann, 2003. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Only known from Ecuador.
GUAYAS: 25 km SW Guayaquil, 50 m (
Collected in February, March, May, and June.
Inhabits coastal lowland semi-deciduous forests from 50–300 m a.s.l. According to
Scatimus strandi Balthasar, 1939i: 87 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Scatimus
strandi
:
Scatimus strandi Balthasar, 1939. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMPC (see Krajcik 2011: 357). Locality: Ecuador, not examined.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MUTPL; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Comunidad Unsuants, 900–1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (1 specimen MQCAZ). NAPO: Quebrada Granadillas Bosque Protector La Cascada, 1300 m, Parque Nacional Sumaco (2 specimens MUTPL); Río El Salado-Río Quijos, 1280 m (1 specimen CEMT); Río Chonta Yacu, 1100 m, road Tena-Coca (4 specimens CEMT); PASTAZA: Mera, Estación Biologica Pindo Mirador ETE, 1000 m (1 specimen MUTPL). TUNGURAHUA: Baños El Topo, 1590 m (7 specimens CEMT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme campamento Ecsa, Jardín Botánico, 925 m (1 specimen CEMT); Tundayme campamento Mirador, La Escombrera, 1225 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi, Pachikuntza, 1685 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
NAPO: Archidona; km 7.3 Sarayacú-Loreto Rd., 1200m (
Collected in January, February, March, November, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests and evergreen lower montane forests across the Amazonian range from 900–1685 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948b: 4 (original description. Type species: Canthon moniliatus
Scybalocanthon:
Canthon kästneri Balthasar, 1939d: 227 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Canthon
kästneri
:
Scybalocanthon
kastneri
:
Canthon kästneri Balthasar, 1939. Two syntypes examined deposited at the NMPC. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♀): “Ecuador [hw]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “kästneri m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “Scybalocanthon / kaestneri (Balth.) / Det. B.D. Gill‘96 [p, blak margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Mera / Ecuador [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
MORONA SANTIAGO: 1 specimen, Bosque Domoso, 1650 m (CEMT); Comunidad Ángel Rouby, 1300 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (3 specimens MECN; 26 specimens MQCAZ); Comunidad Unsuants, 900–1100 m, Cordillera del Kutukú (4 specimens MECN; 12 specimens MQCAZ). NAPO: Puerto Napo, 480 m (2 specimens MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 810 m (1 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MUTPL); Mera (1 specimen NMPC); Mera, Estación Pindo Mirador UTE, 1000 m (9 specimens CEMT). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in January, February, May, June, August, October, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 810–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Canthon maculatus Schmidt, 1920: 127 (original description. Type locality: Sante Jnéz [= Santa Inés], Ecuador).
Canthon
maculatus
:
Canthon
maculatum
:
Scybalocanthon
maculatus
:
Canthon maculatus Schmidt, 1920. Thirteen syntypes examined deposited at the NMHU, ZMHB, and SMTD (see
Syntype (♂): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “maculatus / Type m. [hw]”, “Typ. [p]”, “9846 / E92 + [p, red label]”.
Syntype (♂): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “9843 / E92 + [p, red label]”, “Scybalocanhton / maculatus (Schm) / P. Pereira det. 60 [p and hw, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “9842 / E92 + [p, red label]”, “Scybalocanhton / maculatus (Schm) / P. Pereira det. 60 [p and hw, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “9842 / E92 + [p, red label]”.
Syntype (♀): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “9844 / E92 + [p, red label]”, “26 / 56 [p and hw, pink label]”.
Syntype (♂): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “[one face, p] 106947 [oposite face, hw] 106947”.
Syntype (♂): “Ecuador / Baron [p]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “106947 [hw]”, “Canthon / maculatus / n. sp. a. Schmidt [hw]”.
Syntype (♂): “Ecuador / 5255 [hw, green label]”, “Canthon / maculatus / n. sp. a. Schmidt [hw]”.
Syntype (♀): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Ecuador / Baron [p]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R.Haensch S. [p, black margin]”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918 [p, green label, black margin]”, “Canthon / maculatus / n. sp. a. Schmidt [hw]”, “Typus [p, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
NAPO: Cosanga Río Cosanga, 2000 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); El Salado, Rio Malo, 1315 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Los Guacamayos Piviyacu, 1800 m (1 specimen CEMT); Pacto Sumaco, 1620 m (4 specimens MUTPL); Río Hollín, 1100 m (3 specimens CEMT); Río Jondachi, La Merced de Jondachi, 1175 m (3 specimens CEMT); San Rafael (1 specimen MQCAZ); road Hollín-Loreto km 7 (1 specimen MQCAZ). PASTAZA: Mera, Estación Pindo Mirador UTE, 1000 m (2 specimens CEMT). TUNGURAHUA: 4.3 km E de Río Negro, 1200 m (2 specimens CEMT); Baños El Topo, 1590 m (20 specimens CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: El Reventador (1 specimen MQCAZ); Gonzalo Pizarro, Simon Bolivar, 1200 m (4 specimens MECN); Lumbaqui (1 specimen MQCAZ). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Santa Inés (5 specimens NMRS; 3 specimens SMTD; 2 specimens ZMHB); without specific locality (3 specimens SMTD).
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Santa Inez (
Collected in January, May, April, June, August, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen foothill forests and evergreen lower montane forests across the Amazonian range from 1000–1800 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Canthon moniliatus Bates, 1887: 27 (original description. Type locality: PANAMA, Bugaba).
Canthon
moniliatus
:
Canthon
moniliatum
:
Scybalocanthon
moniliatus
:
Canthon moniliatus Bates, 1887. Three syntypes examined deposited in NHML. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru.
COTOPAXI: Guasaganda km 4, 500 m (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests at 500 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Canthon trimaculatus Schmidt, 1922: 94 (original description. Type locality: Cachábé, Columbien [= Colombia], Paramba, Surinam).
Canthon
trimaculatus
:
Canthon
trimaculatum
:
Scybalocanthon
trimaculatus
:
Canthon trimaculatus Schmidt, 1922. Eight syntypes examined deposited at the NMHU, NMRS and SMTD. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
CAÑAR: Javín, 850–1300 m (1 specimen CEMT; 5 specimens MQCAZ). CARCHI: Cabeceras Río Baboso (8 specimens MQCAZ); Tobar Donoso, 300 m (5 specimens MECN). COTOPAXI: Guasaganda km 4, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Carondelet (11 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Colón del Ónzole (27 specimens MQCAZ; 16 specimens MECN); Charco Vicente (7 specimens MGO-UC; 22 specimens MQCAZ; 17 specimens MECN); Chispero (10 specimens MGO-UC; 14 specimens MQCAZ; 8 specimens MECN); Gualpi (19 specimens MQCAZ; 11 specimens MECN); Jeyambi (9 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); Kumanii Lodge, 40 m (14 specimens MQCAZ); El Progreso (10 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); Estación Forestal La Chiquita, 60 m (1 specimen CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ); E.C. Río Canandé, 400 m (18 specimens MQCAZ); Majua (14 specimens MGO-UC; 22 specimens MECN; 28 specimens MQCAZ); Nuevo Ecuador (6 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (12 specimens MGO-UC; 11 specimens MECN; 18 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (2 specimens MGO-UC; 33 specimens MQCAZ; 16 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Pote (4 specimens CEMT; 6 specimens MGO-UC; 11 specimens MQCAZ; 7 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (16 specimens MGO-UC; 37 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (13 specimens MGO-UC; 16 specimens MQCAZ; 9 specimens MECN); Ricauter (7 specimens MQCAZ); Tsejpi (8 specimens MGO-UC; 16 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Tsejpi, Cuartel II (5 specimens MQCAZ); Tsejpi, Charco Grande (4 specimens MQCAZ); Zabalito (1 specimen MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Lita, 680 m (5 specimens MQCAZ). LOS RÍOS: Río Palenque Estación Científica, 150–220 m (3 specimens CEMT; 19 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Chiriboga Road, 1200 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Los Bancos (8 specimens MQCAZ); Puerto Quito (3 specimens MQCAZ); Río Guayllabamba Guayabilla, Manduriacus, 520 m (3 specimens MUTPL). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSACHILAS: La Perla (5 specimens MQCAZ).
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 60–1300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces. Since
Sinapisoma Boucomont, 1928c: 3 (original description. Type species: Sinapisoma minutum Boucomont, 1928 by monotypy).
Sinapisoma:
Remarks. Thus far, no species have been recorded from Ecuador. However, on compiling this catalog, we found a possible new species from Orellana province. Its description will be included in a future work on this genus.
Streblopus Lansberge, 1874a: 9 (original description. Type species: Streblopus opatroides Lansberge, 1874).
Streblopus:
Colonychus Harold, 1868d: 10 (nom. nud. Type species: unnamed);
Streblopoides Balthasar, 1938: 215 (original description. Type species: Streblopoides punctatus Balthasar, 1938);
Streblopoides punctatus Balthasar, 1938: 216 (original description. Type locality: Nord-Peru, Huancabamba, 3000 m).
Streblopoides
punctatus
:
Streblopoides
punctata
:
Streblopus
punctatus
:
Streblopoides punctatus Balthasar, 1938. The holotype is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar). Locality: Huancabamba, N Peru, 3000 m, examined.
Holotype (♀): “Huancabamba / N. Peru, 3000m / H. Rolle [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Genotyp / Str. punctatus / n.sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “punctatus / m. [hw, green label]”.
Ecuador and Peru.
ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: RVS El Zarza conseción Zarza, Cordillera del Cóndor, 1555 m (3 specimens CEMT; 2 specimens MUTPL); RVS El Zarza conseción Colibrí, Cordillera del Cóndor, 1445 m (1 specimen MEPN); Yantzatza T3, 1435 m (2 specimens CEMT); Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN; 1 specimen MUTPL).
Collected in January, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the evergreen lower montane forests across the Amazonian range from 1380–1555 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Sulcophanaeus d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 23 (original description. Type species: Scarabaeus sulcatus Drury, 1770 by original designation).
Sulcophanaeus:
Eucopricus Gistel, 1857: 602 (nomen oblitum, synonym of Sulcophanaeus d’Olsoufieff, 1924. Type species: Phanaeus columbi Macleay, 1819 original designation);
Scarabaeus faunus Fabricius, 1775: 23 (original description. Type locality: Cayennae).
Scarabaeus
faunus
:
Copris
faunus
:
Phanaeus
faunus
:
Phanaeus (Phanaeus) faunus
:
Sulcophanaeus
faunus
:
Scarabaeus faunus Fabricius, 1775. Type material not examined.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, and Peru.
UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen MECN.
It is not known when this species was collected.
Ecological needs unknown, it may be found in Amazonian lowland forests. The collection method is unknown.
Sulcophanaeus miyashitai Arnaud, 2002c: 3 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Esmeraldas, Alto Tambo, 650 m).
Sulcophanaeus
miyashitai
:
Sulcophanaeus miyashitai Arnaud, 2002. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CPFA (see
Colombia and Ecuador.
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (3 specimens MECN). ESMERALDAS: Alto Tambo, 650 m (3 specimens MQCAZ); Carondelet (7 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Chispero (1 specimen CEMT; 5 specimens MGO-UC; 10 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); Calle Mansa (3 specimens MGO-UC; 12 specimens MECN; 14 specimens MQCAZ); Charco Vicente (1 specimen MGO-UC; 3 specimens MECN; 9 specimens MQCAZ); Colón del Ónzole (1 specimen CEMT; 16 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Gallinazo (3 specimens MQCAZ); Guadal (2 specimens MQCAZ; 3 specimens MECN); Gualpi El Pajonal (8 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Jeyambi (4 specimens MGO-UC; 7 specimens MQCAZ); Majua (17 specimens MGO-UC; 12 specimens MQCAZ; 10 specimens MECN); Los Ajos (3 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (2 specimens CEMT; 11 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro (2 specimens CEMT; 13 specimens MGO-UC; 8 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (4 specimens CEMT; 11 specimens MQCAZ; 6 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (1 specimen CEMT; 1 specimen MGO-UC; 3 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Pote (6 specimens CEMT; 17 specimens MGO-UC; 7 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (18 specimens MQCAZ; 5 specimens MECN); Tsejpi, Charco Grande (10 specimen MGO-UC; 4 specimens MQCAZ; 4 specimens MECN); Tsejpi, río Zapallo (3 specimens MQCAZ); Ricaurte (1 specimen MQCAZ); San Miguel (3 specimens MQCAZ); Santa Rita (2 specimens MQCAZ); Zabalito (1 specimen MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Lita, 680 m (2 specimens MQCAZ; 1 specimen MECN). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo, Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue (2 specimens MQCAZ); Río Palenque, Estación Biológica, 250 m (4 specimens MQCAZ).
ESMERALDAS: Alto Tambo, 650 m (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, August, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 250–680 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Phanaeus velutinus Murray, 1856: 213 (original description. Type locality. Ecuador, neighborhood of Quito).
Phanaeus
velutinus
:
Phanaeus (Phanaeus) velutinus
: d’
Sulcophanaeus
velutinus
:
Phanaeus velutinus Murray, 1856. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Quito, examined.
Holotype (♂): “Quito / 78.19 [hw]”, “Velutinus / (Type) Murray [hw]”, “Type [p, red margin]”, “9642 [hw]”, “Velutinus Murr / Edin. New. Phil. J. 1857/ Quito [hw]”, “Phanaeus / velutinus Murr. / LECTOTYPE ♂ / P. ARNAUD DET 1983 [p and hw, red margin]”, “Phanaeus / velutinus / Murray, 1856 / HOLOTYPE”.
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
IMBABURA: Santa Cecilia (2 specimens MECN). PICHINCHA: 10.6 km Mindo Road, 1460 m (1 specimen MQCAZ); Estación Biológica la Hesperia (2 specimens CEMT; 20 specimens MUTPL); Quito (1 specimen NHML). Pampas Argentinas (1 specimen MQCAZ).
AZUAY: Pucay [= Bucay, GUAYAS province] (Edmonds, 2000: 24). BOLIVAR: Balzapamba (d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 83); Chimbo (d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 83). CAÑAR: Javín, 1300 m (Edmonds, 2000: 24). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo, Pichilingue, 45 m (Edmonds, 2000: 24). LOS RÍOS [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS]: Santo Domingo (Edmonds, 2000: 24).
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, July, November, and December.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 45–1460 m a.s.l. Collected with flight interception traps and pitfall traps baited with carrion, human and pig feces.
Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977: 61 (original description. Type species: Canthon candezei Harold, 1869 by original designation).
Sylvicanthon:
Glaphyrocanthon bridarollii Martínez, 1949c: 283 (original description, Type locality: Bolivia, Dep. de Cochabmaba, Peia de Chapare, Río Coni 400 m).
Glaphyrocanthon
bridarollii
:
Canthon
bridarollii
:
Sylvicanthon
bridarollii
:
Glaphyrocanthon bridarollii Martínez, 1949. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MACN. Locality: Bolivia, Dep. de Cochabmaba, Chapare, 400 m, examined.
Holotype (♂): “BOLIVIA / Dep. Cochabmaba / Chapare - 400 mts / R. Zischra - leg. / Coll. Martínez. [hw]”, “BOLIVIA / Chapare / 400 M. / Zischra [p, blak margin]”, “MACN-En / 937 [p, black margin]”, “HOLOTIPO ♂ [hw, red label]”, “Glaphyrocanthon / bridarolli ♂ / sp. n. / A. MARTÍNEZ. DET. 1949 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Untsuant sítio 1, 700 m (3 specimens CMNC); Untsuant sítio 3, 700 m (1 specimen CMNC); Untsuant sítio 5, 600 m (4 specimens CMNC); Untsuant sítio 6, 600 m (7 specimens CMNC). NAPO: 5 km W de Tena (19 specimens CMNC); 20 km S de Tena, 600m (3 specimens CMNC); Puerto Misahualli, Jungle Hotel (3 specimens TAMU); Tena, 400 m (9 specimens CMNC). ORELLANA: Tiputini Biodiversity Station (2 specimens NHML). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán 590 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); Chuyayacu Oleoducto km 25, 200 m (1 specimen MGO-UC). SUCUMBÍOS: Reserva Biológica Limoncocha, 300 m (14 specimens CMNC).
MORONA SANTIAGO: Untsuants, Sítio 1, 700 m (
Collected in January, February, March, May, June, July, September, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and evergreen foothill forests of the Amazon region from 300–700 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Sylvicanthon edmonsi Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2018: 58 (characters in key), 117 (figure 34 distribution), 132 (original description. Type locality: Orellana, Parque Nacional Yasuní, Estación Científica Yasuní, 215 m), 134 (figures 38A, B).
Sylvicanthon edmonsi Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2018. The holotype (♂) is deposited st the TAMU (see
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Untsuants, sítio 3, 700 m (
Collected in January, June, July, August, September, and November.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 215–700 m a.s.l. According to
Sylvicanthon genieri Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2018: 57 (characters in key), 72 (figure 24 distribution), 80 (original description. Type locality: Tungurahua, 6 km east from Río Negro, 1500 m), 84 (figure 27A, B).
Sylvicanthon genieri Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2018. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (see
Ecuador and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Untsuants, site 4, 1100 m (
Collected in January, July, August, and October.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests, evergreen foothill forests, and evergreen lower montane forests across the Amazonian range from 220–1590 m a.s.l. According to
Glaphyrocanthon proseni Martínez, 1949c: 287 (original description. Type locality: Bolivia, Dep. de la Paz, Pcia. de Nor. Yungas, río Choro, 700 m).
Glaphyrocanthon
proseni
:
Canthon (Canthon) proseni
:
Sylvicanthon
proseni
:
Glaphyrocanthon proseni Martínez, 1949. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the MACN. Locality: Bolivia, Dep. La Paz, Prov. Nor Yungas, examined.
Holotype (♂): “MACN-En / 1412 [p, black margin]”, “Ene-949 / BOLIVIA / Dep. La Paz / Prov. Nor Yungas / Ríos Corioco y Choro / 700 m alt / Coll. Martínez [hw]”, “HOLOTYPUS [p, red label]”, “glaphyrocanthon / proseni ♂ / sp. n / A. MARTÍNEZ-DET 1949 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
MORONA SANTIAGO: Cumpi, Cordillera del Kutukú (2 specimens MUTPL). NAPO: Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, 450 m (61 specimens MQCAZ); Pungarayacu cerca al Tena, 505 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). ORELLANA: Bloque 31, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 200 m (17 specimens MQCAZ); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero Plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Pindo, plataforma Pindo 14, 255 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Palanda-Yuca Sur, plataforma Primavera 1, 235 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Daimi (53 specimens MQCAZ); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, 250 m (3 specimens CEMT; 155 specimens MQCAZ); Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Parque Nacional Yasuní (1 specimen MGO-UC; 14 specimens MQCAZ); Lago San Pedro, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (4 specimens CEMT; 52 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian de Coca Comuna Guataraco Campo Pata, 345 m (1 specimen MGO-UC); San Sebastian de Coca Comuna Shamanal Campo Palo Azul, 345 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Yampuna (1 specimen MGO-UC). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector Oglán Alto, 550–945 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Nuevo San Jose del Curaray, 245 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tipirishca (7 specimens MQCAZ). SUCUMBÍOS: 6 km de Dureno, Precooperativa Los Vergeles, 287 m (2 specimens MGO-UC); Aucayacu Río El Eno, 16 km de Lago Agrio, 290 m (13 specimens MGO-UC); Bermejo plataforma, ER-A road to Lumbaqui (1 specimen MUTPL); La Selva Bio Station 175 km E.S.E del Coca (7 specimens MQCAZ); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo Manabí, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Tundayme, campamento Mirador, Las Maravillas, 1060 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tundayme, campamento Mirador, Enerentsa, 1030 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Zurmi Comunidad Miazi, 1380 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi Las Orquideas Río Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
ORELLANA: Estación Científica Yasuní, 215 m (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests and the foothill evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 200–1380 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
Trichillidium Vaz-de-Mello, 2008: 44 (original description. Type species: Pedaridium quadridens Arrow, 1913 by original combination).
Trichillidium:
Trichillum pilosum Robinson, 1948b: 149 (original description. Type locality: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, CANAL ZONE).
Pedaridium
pilosum
:
Trichillidium
pilosum
:
Trichillum pilosum Robinson, 1948. The holotype (sex unknown) is deposited at the USNM (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.
ESMERALDAS: Estación Biológica Bilsa, 500 m (2 specimens MEPN). LOS RÍOS: Quevedo, Pichilingue (1 specimen CEMT). PICHINCHA: Bosque Potector Milpe-río Pachijal, 1200 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Estación Biológica la Hesperia (1 specimen MUTPL). SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS: 16 km E Santo Domingo, Tinalandia, 680 m (1 specimen CEMT).
ESMERALDAS: La Chiquita, 5 m, 11 km SE San Lorenzo (
Collected in February, April, May, June, July, August, and September.
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5–1200 m a.s.l. Collected with canopy fogging methods and pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Uroxys Westwood, 1842: 59 (original description. Type species: Uroxys cuprescens Westwood, 1842 by monotypy).
Uroxys:
Pseuduroxys Balthasar, 1938: 210 (original description. Type species: Pseuduroxys ohausi
Uroxys elongatus Harold, 1868b: 44 (original description. Type locality: Quito).
Uroxys
elongatus
:
Uroxys
elongata
:
Uroxys elongatus Harold, 1868. Five syntypes examined deposited in MNHN (ex coll. HW Bates and ex coll. R Oberthur). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “Quito [hw]”, “Ex-Musæo / H. W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “Uroxys / elongatus / ♀ C. Hft III. Harold / typ. [hw]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R. OBERTHUR [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Quito [hw]”, “Ex-Musæo / H. W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “Uroxys / elongatus / ♀ Harold [hw]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R. OBERTHUR [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “Quito [hw]”, “Ex-Musæo / H. W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R. OBERTHUR [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Cotacachi, / Ecuador. / 11–13500 feet. / Ed. Whymper [p and hw]”, “Uroxys / elongatus / Harold [hw]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R. OBERTHUR [p, green label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♀): “Cotacachi, / Ecuador. / 11–13500 feet. / Ed. Whymper [p and hw]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R. OBERTHUR [p, green label, black margin]”.
Colombia and Ecuador.
CARCHI: 10 km W de Tufiño, 3600 m (3 specimens CEMT); 15 km SW de Tulcán (2 specimens CEMT); km 3 road Tufiño-Maldonado, 3400 m (1 specimen CEMT); Montufar Los Encinos, 3450 m (2 specimens CEMT); Tulcán ciudadela del maestro, 2950 m (3 specimens MUTPL). IMBABURA: Cotacachi (2 specimens MNHN). PICHINCHA: Quito (3 specimens MNHN).
Collected in April, July, and October.
Inhabits the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2950–3350 m a.s.l. Collected manually in cow dung and with pitfall trap baited with pig feces.
Uroxys frankenbergeri Balthasar, 1940: 35 (original description. Type locality: Loja).
Uroxys
frankenbergeri
:
Uroxys frankenbergeri Balthasar, 1940. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V. Balthasar). Locality: Cajanuma, examined.
Holotype (♀): “S ECUADOR / Cajanuma / Ohaus S. [p]”, “Loja Cajanuma / F. Ohs. 25.8.05 [p]”, “Arrow determ. / Uroxys / sp. [p and hw]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Uroxys / frankenbergeri / n. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “frankenbergeri / m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 65709 / Inv. [hw and p, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA: Loja, Cajanuma (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in September
This species is thought to occur in the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region. The collection method is unknown.
Uroxys gorgon Arrow, 1933: 397 (original description. Type locality: COLOMBIA: Gorgona I).
Uroxys
gorgon
:
Uroxys gorgon Arrow, 1933. The lectotype (♂) and nine paralectotypes are deposited in NHML (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama
MANABÍ: Pedernales, 100 m (1 specimen MQCAZ).
Collected in November.
Inhabits lowland evergreen forests at 100 m a.s.l. This species was found in the fur of a three-toed sloth.
Uroxys latesulcatus Bates, 1891: 24 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador: Pichincha, 12,000 feet [= 3655 m]; Machachi, 9–10,000 feet [= 2745–3050 m]).
Uroxys
latesulcatus
:
Uroxys
latesulcata
:
Uroxys
magnus
Balthasar, 1940: 37 (original description);
Uroxys latesulcatus Bates, 1891. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) and two paralectotypes are deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. HW Bates and ex coll. R Oberthur). Locality: Ecuador (examined). One paralectotype is deposited at the NHML, examined.
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “Ecuador. / feet. / Ed. Whymper. [p]”, “Uroxys / latesulcatus / Bates [p, black margin]”, “Ex-Musæo / H. W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R. OBERTHUR [p, green label, black margin]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Uroxys / latesulcatus / Bates / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2014 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♂): “Ecuador. / feet. / Ed. Whymper. [p]”, “Uroxys / latesulcatus / Bates [p, black margin]”, “Ex-Musæo / H. W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R. OBERTHUR [p, green label, black margin]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Uroxys ♂ / latesulcatus / Bates / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♂): “Ecuador. / feet. / Ed. Whymper. [p]”, “latesulcatus / Bates [p]”, “Ex-Musæo / H. W. BATES / 1892 [p, black margin]”, “MUSÉUM PARIS / 1952 / COLL. R. OBERTHUR [p, green label, black margin]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Uroxys ♂ / latesulcatus / Bates / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Paralectotype (♂): “Uroxys / latesulcatus, / (Type) Bates [hw]”, “92-24 [p]”, “SYN- / TYPE [p, blue label]”, “PARALECTOTYPE / Uroxys ♂ / latesulcatus / Bates / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]”.
Uroxys magnus Balthasar, 1940. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Balthasar). Locality: Ecuador (examined).
Lectotype (here designated) (♂): “Ecuador / D. Stübel / 5351 [hw, green label]”, “4684 [hw, red letters]”, “Typus [p, red label]”, “Uroxys / magnus / n. sp. / DR. BALTHASAR. DET. [p]”, “magnus / m. [hw, green label]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 65711 / Inv. [p and hw, red label]”, “LECTOTYPE ♂ / Uroxys / magnus / Balth / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello. 2013 [p and hw, red label, black margin]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
BOLIVAR: Cashca Totoras (5 specimens MQCAZ). COTOPAXI: Sigchos (2 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA: Selva Alegre (3 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Atahualpa, Bosque Protector Piganta, 2880 m (2 specimens MUTPL); Cochasquí, 3100 m (56 specimens CEMT); Chiriboga (5 specimens MQCAZ); EL Chalpar, 3300 m (1 specimen CEMT, 3 specimens MQCAZ); Machachi, 2700 m (21 specimens MQCAZ); La Cocha (1 specimen CEMT; 8 specimens MQCAZ); Nono (8 specimens MQCAZ); Palmeras, 2200 m (5 specimens MQCAZ); Pasochoa, 3500 m (1 specimen CEMT; 8 specimens MQCAZ); Pingtag, 2880 m; Quito, Cumbayá, 2340 m (13 specimens MQCAZ); Reserva Ecológica Los Illinizas (2 specimens MUTPL); San José de Minas (3 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Yanacocha (2 specimens MQCAZ). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (3 specimens MNHN; 1 specimen NHML, 1 specimen NNPC).
PICHINCHA: without specific locality 12.000 feet [= 3655 m] (
Collected in January, February, March, April, May, June, October, November, and December.
Inhabits the high montane evergreen forests of the Andean region from 2340–3300 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall trap baited with pig or cow feces.
Balthasar in 1940, described Uroxys magnus for Ecuador (without type locality) as a different species from Uroxys latesulcatus Bates, 1891 (recorded for Ecuador, Pichincha at 12,000 feet [= Pichincha volcano] and Machachi 9 at 10,000 feet, as type localities). However, upon examining the external and genital morphology of the type specimens, U. latesulcatus (lectotype ♂ here designated, deposited at the MNHN, Plate
Uroxys lojanus Arrow, 1933: 395 (original description. Type locality: ECUADOR: Loja Pucara, Loja Calvario, 6600–6900 feet [= 2010–2100 m]).
Uroxys
lojanus
:
Uroxys
lojana
:
Uroxys lojanus Arrow, 1933. The lectotype is deposited at the NHML. Locality: Ecuador, Loja, Pucara, examined.
Lectotype (♂): “Loja Pucara / F. Ohs. 8.8.05 [p]”, “Uroxys / lojanus / type arrw [hw]”, “F. Ohaus / 1907. 117 [hw]”, “LECTO- / TYPE [p, violet label]”, “Uroxys ♂ / lojanus arrow / M. E. Bacchus det 1975. / LECTOTYPE [p and hw]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA: Pucara (1 specimen BMNB)
LOJA: Clavario [= El Calvario] (
It is not known when this species was collected.
Inhabits the montane cloud forests of the Andean region at 2100 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Uroxys monstruosus Balthasar, 1940: 34 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
Uroxys
monstruosus
:
Uroxys monstruosus Balthasar, 1940. The holotype is deposited at the NMPC. Locality: Ecuador, without specific locality, examined.
Holotype (sex unknown): “Ecuador / Baron [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Uroxys / monstrosus / n. sp. m. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “monstrosus m. [hw, green label, black margin]”, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
BOLIVAR: Cashca Totoras (4 specimens MQCAZ). CAÑAR: La Carbonería, 2850 m (7 specimens CEMT). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: without specific locality (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in January and December.
Inhabits the high montane forests of the Andean region at 2850 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Pseuduroxys ohausi Balthasar, 1938: 211 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador: Loja).
Pseuduroxys
ohausi
:
Uroxys
ohausi
:
Pseuduroxys ohausi Balthasar, 1938. Four syntypes examined deposited at the MSMF and NMPC (ex coll. V Balthasar). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Syntype (♂): “ECUADOR / Loja / Ohaus S. [p]”, “Loja Villonaco / F. Ohs. 31.8.05 [p]”, “genotyp ! / Pseuduroxys / ohausi / n. sp / Dr. V. Balthasar. det. [p and hw]”, “Senckenberg- / Museum / Frankfurt / Main [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”.
Syntype (♂): “ECUADOR / Loja / Ohaus S. [p]”, “Loja Villonaco / F. Ohs. 5.9.05 [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Pseuduroxys / ohausi n.sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Ohausi / m [hw, green label]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 65705 / Inv. [p and hw, red label]”, “PRAGUE MUSEUM / LOANED: X. 2008 / D.J.MANN [p, blue label]”.
Syntype (♂): “ECUADOR / Loja / Ohaus S. [p]”, “Loja Villonaco / F. Ohs. 5.9.05 [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" full-name="Pseuduroxys">Pseuduroxys / ohausi n.sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Box 82 / det. D.J. Mann. 2008 [p, blue label]”.
Syntype (♀): “‘ECUADOR / Loja / Ohaus S. [p]”, “Loja Villonaco / F. Ohs. 5.9.05 [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Pseuduroxys / ohausi n.sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 65705 / Inv. [p and hw, red label]”, “PRAGUE MUSEUM / LOANED: X. 2008 / D.J.MANN [p, blue label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
LOJA: Loja, Villonaco (2 specimens CEMT; 3 specimens MNPC; 1 specimen MSMF).
Collected in August and September.
This species may be distributed in the montane cloud forests and/or high montane evergreen forests of the Andean region. The collection method is unknown.
Uroxys pauliani Balthasar, 1940: 34 (original description. Type locality: Columbia, Pichinde).
Uroxys
pauliani
:
Uroxys
depressifrons
Howden & Young, 1981: 55 (original description);
Uroxys pauliani Balthasar, 1940. Three syntypes are deposited at the SMTD and NMPC. (ex coll. V Balthasar). Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Uroxys depressifrons Howden & Young, 1981. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the CMNC (ex coll. H Howden) (see
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama
COTOPAXI: Bosque Integral Otonga, 2000 m (16 specimens CEMT). IMBABURA: Lita, 500 m (1 specimen CEMT).
Collected in March and September.
Inhabits coastal evergreen foothill forests at 500 m a.s.l. In the Andean region, it was registered in the montane cloud forests at 2000 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Uroxys rugatus Boucumont, 1928a: 188 (original description. Type locality: Uruguay).
Uroxys
rugatus
:
Uroxys
rugata
:
Uroxys rugatus Boucumont, 1928. Two syntypes examined deposited at the MNHN. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Ecuador and Peru.
LOJA: Amaluza, Angashcola, 2740 m (2 specimens CEMT); Loja (1 specimen CEMT); Cerro Villonaco, 2740 (2 specimens MUTPL); Cariamanga (2 specimens MQCAZ); Loja, 2600 m (1 specimen MQCAZ). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: 15 km S de Jimbura, 3000 m (3 specimens CEMT).
Collected in March and December.
Inhabits the evergreen high montane forests of the Andean region from 2600–3000 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Uroxys späthi Balthasar, 1940: 37 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Santa Inez [= Santa Inés]).
Uroxys
späthi
:
Uroxys
spaethi
:
Uroxys späthi Balthasar, 1940. The holotype (♀) is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Baltashar). Locality: Ecuador, Santa Jnéz [= Santa Inés], examined.
Holotype (♀): “Santa Jnéz / (Ecuad.) / R. Haensch S. [p]”, “Typus [p, red label]”, “U. Spaethi / n.sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “spaethi / m. [hw, green label]”, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
TUNGURAHUA: Baños, El Topo, 1590 m (17 specimens CEMT). UNDETERMINED PROVINCE: Santa Jnez [= Santa Inés] (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in January.
Inhabits the evergreen lower montane forests of the Andean region at 1590 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.
Uroxys sulcicollis Harold, 1880a: 18 (original description. Type locality: Fusagasugá).
Uroxys
sulcicollis
:
Uroxys sulcicollis Harold, 1880. Four syntypes examined deposited in NMPC. Lectotype to be designated in a future work on this species group.
Colombia and Ecuador.
CAÑAR: La Carboneira, 2850 m (5 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ).
Collected in January and December
Inhabits the high montane forests of the Andean region at 2850 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Uroxys sulai Balthasar, 1940: 33 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Guayaz, Guayaquil).
Uroxys
sulai
:
Uroxys sulai Balthasar, 1940. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the NMPC (ex coll. V Baltashar). Locality: Guayaquil, examined.
Holotype (♂): “Guayaquil / F. Ohs. S. 18. 6. 05 [p]”, “Typus [p, red label, black margin]”, “Uroxys / Šulai m. / Typus! N. sp. / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [p and hw]”, “Šulai m. [hw, green label]”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae / 65714 / Inv [p and hw, red label]”, “HOLOTYPE [hw, red label]”.
Only known from Ecuador.
GUAYAS: Guayaquil (1 specimen NMPC).
Collected in June
Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests at 50 m a.s.l. The collection method is unknown.
Canthon Sallei Harold, 1863: 174 (original description. Type locality: Nicaragua).
This species was recorded from Ecuador by the following authors:
Ateuchus lituratus (Germar, 1813): 117 (original description. Type locality: Brasilien [=Brazil]).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
It is possible that
Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon?) morsei Howden, 1966: 728 (original description. Type locality: Fortin, Veracruz, Mexico).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Canthon mutabile Lucas, 1857: 100 (original description. Type locality: Pebas, Haute-Amazone [= Upper Amazon].
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Canthon rubrescens Blanchard, 1843: 167 (original description. Type locality: province de Chiquitos-Guarayos).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
It is possible that Pereira and Martínez (1956) refer to a different species that was mistaken for C. rubrescens Blanchard, 1843. According to our data, there are no other records of this species in the collections listed.
Scarabaeus smaragdulus Fabricius, 1781: 34 (original description. Type locality: America meridionali [= South America]).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Copris incérta Say, 1835: 175 (original description. Type locality: Mexico).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Copris lugubris Boheman, 1858: 42 (original description. Type locality: Insulæ Gallapagos [= Galápagos Islands, Ecuador]).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) tumidum Howden, 1966: 738 (original description. Type locality: Mexico, N. Mazatlan, Sinaloa).
This species was recorded from Ecuador by the following authors:
Gillet never described Deltochilum tumidus. Subsequently
Deltochilum femorale Bates, 1870: 178 (original description. Type locality: Amazons).
Deltochilum parile Bates, 1887: 35 (original description. Type locality: Mexico, Santecomapan; Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui).
This species was recorded from Ecuador by the following authors:
Deltochilum (Deltochilum) spinipes Paulian, 1938: 280 (original description. Type locality: Colombie [= Colombia] Santa Fé de Bogota, Muzo, Antioquia, Fiasagusuga = Fusagasugá]. Équator [= Ecuador]: environs d’Ambato [= around Ambato], Macas).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Dichotomius alyattes Harold, 1880: 24 (original description. Type locality: von Ibagué, S. Rosa und Abejorrál [= of Ibagué, Santa Rosa, and Abejorral]; die männchen von Aguada [= ♂ of Aguadas] dann zwischen Manizales und Salamina [= between Manizales and Salamina]).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Pinotus horridus Felsche, 1911: 136 (original description. Type locality: Cayenne).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Copris longiceps Taschenberg, 1870: 180 (original description. Type locality: Loja).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
The record of
Copris carbonaria Mannerheim, 1829: 43 (original description. Type locality: Brésil [= Brazil]).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Eucranium cyclosoma Burmeister, 1861: 60 (original description. Type locality: Ecuador).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Copris appendiculata Mannerheim, 1829: 43 (original description. Type locality: Tijuco [= Brazil, Paraná]).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Ontherus (Caelontherus) obliquus Génier, 1996: 43 (original description. Type locality: Bolivia-Yungas, Incachaca, 2100 m).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Scarabaeus sulcator Fabricius, 1775: 27 (original description. Type locality: Cajennae [= Cayenne]).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Onthophagus clypeatus Blanchard, 1843: 182 (original description. Type locality: province of Santa-Cruz de la Sierra).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
It is possible that
Onthophagus incénsus Say, 1835: 173 (original description. Type locality: Mexico).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
It is possible that
Onthophagus ophion Erichson, 1847: 105 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Phanaeus actaeon Erichson, 1847: 107 (original description. Type locality: Peru).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Phanaeus noctis Bates, 1887: 56 (original description. Type locality: Panama, Bugaba Volcan de Chiriqui. South America, Colombia).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Arnaud (2002: 139) mentioned that S. noctis (Bates, 1887) was recorded in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. According to our data, there are no other records of this species in the collections listed.
Canthon Candezei Harold, 1869a: 96 (original description. Type locality: Tapajos).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Canthon aequinoctialis Harold, 1868d: 14 (characters in key), 79 (original description. Type locality: Columbien, Neu-Granada [= Colombia, Nueva Granada]).
This species was recorded for Ecuador by the following authors:
Including comparative information from historical catalogs and checklists with Ecuadorian records (see Table
History of authors and the number of species of Scarabaeinae they recorded in Ecuador.
Author (year of publication) | Type of study | Number of species |
---|---|---|
|
Catalog | 11 |
|
Catalog | 30 |
|
Checklist | 26 |
|
Checklist | 82 |
|
Book-checklist | 265 |
|
Checklist | 94 |
|
Illustrated key to the genera and subgenera, and checklist | 220 |
Current research | Annotated catalog and bibliography, original material examined where possible | 223 |
However, some catalogs and checklists have errors in the geographical distribution records of several species or are incorrect regarding the nomenclature and validity of scientific names (genus and/or species). For example, in his checklist,
Regarding Scarabaeinae richness in Ecuador and other Neotropical countries, there are only a few taxonomic catalogs that include distributional data. It is important to emphasize that Ecuador, being one of the smallest countries in South America, has considerable species richness compared to the larger countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, and Venezuela (see Table
Comparison of studies on dung beetles Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in other Neotropical countries.
Country (author and year of publication) | Type of study | Registered species | Endemic species | Area |
---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina ( |
Catalog | 202 | 42 | 2,780,400 km² |
Bolivia ( |
Checklist | 216 | 1,098,581 km² | |
Brazil ( |
Checklist | 618 | 223 | 8,514,877 km² |
Colombia ( |
Checklist | 283 | 1,141,748 km² | |
Costa Rica ( |
Checklist | 182 | 51,100 km2 | |
Ecuador ( |
Book-checklist | 265 | 283,561 km2 | |
Ecuador ( |
Checklist and illustrated key to the genera-subgenera of Scarabaeinae | 220 | 283,561 km2 | |
Ecuador current research | Annotated catalog and bibliography, original material examined where possible | 223 | 45 | 283,561 km2 |
Mexico ( |
Book | 228 | 1,964,375 km² | |
Panama ( |
Catalog | 113 | 20 | 78,200 km2 |
Panama ( |
Checklist | 132 | 78,200 km2 | |
Peru ( |
Checklist | 278 | 26 | 1,285,216 km2 |
Venezuela ( |
Checklist | 72 | 916,445 km2 |
Currently, there is little interest among researchers to develop a catalog of this group of scarab beetles. See Table
Finally, the number of known species from Ecuador is predicted to increase over time due to revisions of genera and new records of the Scarabaeinae (especially in the genera Anomiopus, Ateuchus, Canthidium, Canthon, Canthonella, Cryptocanthon, Deltochilum, Dichotomius, Eutrichillum, Malagoniella, Onthophagus, Scybalocanthon, Sinapisoma, and Uroxys).
A Lectotype (♂, here designated) of Choeridium cupreum Blanchard, 1846 B Lectotype (♂, here designated) of Canthidium coerulescens Balthasar, 1939 C Lectotype (♂, here designated) of Canthon angustatus Harold, 1867 D Lectotype (♂, here designated) of Canthon angustatus ohausi Balthasar, 1939.
We especially thank the following for their valuable comments and pertinent remarks that greatly improved this manuscript: Mario Cupello, Michele Rossini, François Génier, and Andrey Frolov.
The first author acknowledges the scholarship programs Coimbra-OEA and CAPES granted by the Brazilian government. It was their funding that made this research possible. The SENESCYT in Ecuador is acknowledged for their funding throughout 2013. In Brazil, gratitude is extended to all of the professors who contributed with their comments and suggestions to this manuscript, especially to Dr Amazonas Chagas Jr, Dr Felipe Franco Curcio, and Dr Rogerio Rossi of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Dr Fernando Barbosa Silva of the Universidade Federal de Pará, and Dr Cristiano Lopes Andrade of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Special thanks to Dr Rafael Nunez (CEMT) for logistic support and photographic material (lectotype of Pinotus fortepunctatus Luederwaldt, 1923), and to Dr Jorge Da Silva for his assistance in generating maps and providing geographic information.
The fourth author (FZVM) acknowledges the support provided by: CNPq (248299/2012-3, 302997/2013-0, 304925/2010-1, 454152/2011-6, 484035/2013-4, 405697/2013-9, 440604/2015-0 PROTAX), SYNTHESYS Project (GB-TAF-3855, BE-TAF-3985), YSYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS/MNHN, INCT-CENBAM/CNPq, and the Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (PPBio).
Furthermore, the following researchers and curators are gratefully acknowledged: Juan Pablo Suárez, Carlos Iván Espinosa, Augusta Cueva, and Carlos Naranjo (Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja), Luis Carlos Pardo Locarno (CFPL), François Génier (CMNC), Alain Drumont (IRSN), Arturo Roig Alsina (MACN Museo), Santiago Villamarín (MECN), Luis Albuja and Vladimir Carvajal (MEPN), Fabiola Montenegro (MGO-UCE), Karla Schneider (MLUH), Olivier Montreuil and Antoine Mantilleri (MNHN), Álvaro Barragán, Carlos Carpio, and Fernanda Salazar (MQCAZ), Damir Kovac and Andrea Hastenpflug-Vesmanis (MSMF), Sonia Casari (MZSP), Malcolm Kerley and Max Barclay (NHML), Harald Schillhammer (NHMW), Johannes Bergsten and Mattias Forshage (NHRS), Johannes Frisch and Joachim Willers (NMHU), Jirí Hajek (NMPC; in addition, we thank him for the photographs of three species: Canthidium coerulescens Balthasar, 1939, Canthon angustatus ohausi Balthasar, 1939, and Uroxys magnus Balthasar, 1940), Darren Mann (OUMNH), Klaus-Dieter Klass and Olaf Jaeger (SMTD), Edward G. Riley (TAMU), David Furth and Floyd Shockley (USNM), Alexey Solodovnikov (ZMUC), and Michael Balke (ZSM). Finally, we thank Elise Morton and Daniel Montalvo who reviewed the English version of this work.