Parasogata gen. n., a new genus of the tribe Delphacini with descriptions of two new species from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae)

Zheng-Xiang Zhou; Lin Yang; Xiang-Sheng Chen

doi:10.3897/zookeys.806.26394

Abstract

A new planthopper genus Parasogata gen. n. (Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Delphacini) was described and illustrated with two new species P. binaria sp. n. and P. furca sp. n. from south China. A key to species of the new genus is also given.

Keywords

Delphacid, distribution, Fulgoroidea , new taxa, planthopper

Introduction

The planthopper tribe Delphacini Leach, 1815 is the largest clade of Delphacidae, occurring in all ecoregions (excluding Antarctica) and including approximately 1652 species in 319 genera (Bourgoin 2018). In China, 259 species in 135 genera are known (Ding 2006; Dong and Qin 2012; Hou et al. 2013, 2014a, b; Qin 2005, 2006, 2007; Qin et al. 2006, 2008, 2009a, b, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014; Ren et al. 2015).

Here, a new genus, Parasogata gen. n., with two new species, P. binaria sp. n. and P. furca sp. n., are described and illustrated from China. The new genus is assigned to the Delphacini because the spinal formula of the hind leg 5–7–4, tibial spur large, thin, flattened and bearing a row of fine, black-tipped teeth on the posterior margin; genital diaphragm developed, suspensorium present. The similarities and affinities of the new genus with similar genera are compared and discussed. A key to the species of the new genus is also provided.

Materials and methods

Terminology of morphological and measurements follow Yang and Yang (1986) and the morphological terminology of female genitalia follows Bourgoin (1993). Measurements of body length equal the distance between the apex of vertex and tip of tegmen. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Dry specimens were used for the description and illustration. Color pictures for adult habitus were obtained by KEYENCE VHX-1000. External morphology was observed under a stereoscopic microscope Leica Mz 12.5 and characters were measured with an ocular micrometer. The genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in 10% KOH and drawn from preparations in glycerin jelly using Olympus CX41 and Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope. Illustrations were scanned with Canon CanoScan LiDE 200 and imported into Adobe Photoshop 6.0 for labeling and plate composition.

The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China (GUGC).

Taxonomy

Genus Parasogata gen. n.

http://zoobank.org/C168D41B-DB7F-4841-BCCC-EF3299BD2EC6

Figs 9–16, 17–29, 30–34, 35–42, 43–55, 56–60

Type species

Parasogata binaria sp. n.

Diagnosis

This genus is readily recognized by its large size and vertex, pronotum and mesonotum bearing an uninterrupted white fascia. The genus is most similar to Sogata Distant, 1906 but separately by the phallus being up-curved (down-curved in Sogata (Ding 2006: figs 281–283)), with a row processes at subapically (without process in Sogata).

Description

General color of male yellowish white to brown (Figs 9–12, 35–38). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum with an uninterrupted white fascia (Figs 9, 35). Vertex, frons, face, antennae yellowish brown to yellowish white (Figs 9–12, 35–38). Pronotum and mesonotum yellowish white (Figs 13, 39). Forewings and hindwings hyaline (Figs 9–12, 35–38). Legs yellowish white (Figs 10, 36). Abdomen yellow (Figs 10, 36). Head including eyes narrower than pronotum (Figs 13, 15, 39, 41). Vertex subquadrate, anterior margin arched, lateral carinae with slightly concave, submedian carinae uniting at apex. Frons with single median carina, longer in middle line than wide at widest part, widest at apex (Figs 14, 16, 40, 42). Y-shaped carina feeble (Figs 13, 15, 39, 41). Antennae cylindrical, with basal segment shorter than second, reaching frontoclypeal suture (Figs 14, 16, 40, 42). Pronotum with lateral carinae almost attaining hind margin (Figs 13, 15, 39, 41). Posttibial spur with 29–32 distinct teeth along hind margin.

Male genitalia

Anal segment collar-shaped, lateroapical angles produced into processes (Figs 24–25, 50–51). Pygofer in profile wider ventrally than dorsally, laterodorsal angles not produced, in posterior view with opening wider than long, lateral margins well defined, lateral quadrate areas strongly sclerotized, medioventral process absent (Figs 21–23, 47–49). Diaphragm broad (Figs 23, 49). Aedeagus long, tubular, with a row processes at subapically, slightly upward apically (Figs 26, 52). Genital styles simple, widely divergent apically (Figs 27–28, 53–54). Suspensorium large (Figs 29, 55).

Etymology

This generic name “Parasogata” refers to its strong similarity to Sogata. The name is to be treated as feminine.

Distribution

China.

Remarks

The genus Parasogata gen. n. resembles Sogata Distant, 1906, Neometopina Yang, 1989, Neunkanodes Yang, 1989 and Lisogata Ding, 2006 in vertex, pronotum and mesonotum with an uninterrupted white fascia, frons with median carina single (Figs 1–8), but differs from these genera by anal segment with two pairs of processes, or with a pair of forked processes (without process in Lisogata); aedeagus not forked at half of apex (with forked at half of apex in Neometopina and Neunkanodes); aedeagus with processes and decurved dorsad apically (without process and decurved ventrad apically in Sogata) (Table 1).

Table 1.

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Differences among Parasogata and similar genera.

	Parasogata gen. n.	Neometopina	Sogata	Neunkanodes	Lisogata
Size (mm)	4.72–5.20	4.62–4.82	4.20–4.70	4.40–4.90	4.40–4.70
Frons color	Black with median carina yellowish white	Brown with median carina yellowish white	Black with median carina yellowish white	Brown with median carina yellowish white	Yellow
Y-shaped carina	Feeble	Distinct	Feeble	Feeble	Feeble
Lateral carinae of pronotum	Almost attaining hind margin	Almost attaining hind margin	Almost attaining hind margin	Conspicuous not attaining hind margin	Almost attaining hind margin
Number of teeth of hind tibial spur	29–32	20–23	18–23	23–24	30–38
Hind margin of male pygofer	Not produced	Not produced	Not produced	Produced caudad, lobe-like	Not produced
Processes of male anal segment	Two pairs or one pair with bifurcation	One pair	One pair	One pair	None
Apex of aedeagus	Unforked	Forked	Unforked	Forked	Unforked
Inner basal angle of genital styles	None	None	None	Protruding	None

Figures 1–8.

Dorsal and frontal view 1, 2 Neometopina penghuensis Yang, 1989 3, 4 Sogata dohertyi Distant, 1906 5, 6 Neunkanodes formosana Yang, 1989 7, 8 Lisogata zhejiangensis Ding, 2006. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Revised couplets to the key to Chinese Delphacini by Ding (2006)

70	Pygofer in profile with posterior margin produced caudad in a lobe (Ding 2006: fig. 314)	Neunkanodes Yang
–	Pygofer in profile not produced	71a
71a	Aedeagus without processes, apically decurved ventrally (Ding 2006: figs 281–283)	Sogata Distant, 1906
–	Aedeagus with distinct processes, apically recurved dorsally (Figs 26, 52)	Parasogata gen. n.

Key to species of genus Parasogata gen. n. (male)

1	Pronotum brown except median carina yellowish white (Figs 13, 17); anal segment with two pairs of processes, each with apex not forked (Figs 24–25)	P. binaria sp. n.
–	Pronotum yellow except median carina yellowish white (Figs 39, 43); anal segment with a pair of processes, each with apex forked (Figs 50–51)	P. furca sp. n.

Parasogata binaria sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/ACC2E082-45A0-4653-9B55-52B8E0182662

Figs 9–16, 17–29, 30–34

Type material

Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Yunnan: Daweishan National Natural Reserve (22°81'N, 103°79'E), 18 Aug. 2017, Y.-J. Sui. Paratypes: 1♂1♀, same data as holotype; 1♂2♀♀, same data as holotype except, 22 Aug. 2017, Q. Luo; 6♂♂5♀♀, same data as holotype except, 19 Aug. 2017, N. Gong.

Measurements

Body length (from apex of vertex to apex of forewing): male 5.10–5.20 mm (n = 9); female 5.90–6.00 mm (n = 8); forewing length: male 4.30–4.42 mm (n = 9); female 5.10–5.12 mm (n = 8).

Diagnosis

Big-sized species with general color yellowish white to yellowish brown, anal segment with two pairs of spinose processes; aedeagus with ten processes subapically and with irregular teeth on ventral side of apex, constriction and bluntly rounded at apex (Fig. 26).

Description

Coloration. General color yellowish white to yellowish brown. Head yellowish brown (Figs 13–16). Vertex yellowish white, except along lateral margin dark brown (Figs 13–16). Frons black, except median carinae yellowish white and lateral margins yellowish brown (Fig. 14). Clypeus and genae yellowish brown (Fig. 14). Rostrum yellowish brown, with apex brown. Eyes generally yellow to brown (Figs 9–16), ocelli dark brown (Figs 10, 12, 14, 16). Antennae yellow (Figs 13–16). Pronotum and mesonotum yellowish brown, except media carinae yellowish white (Figs 13, 15). Forewings with veins dark brown (Figs 9–12). Hindwings pale white, with veins brown. Legs yellowish white to pale yellow, tibiae pale yellow basally, tarsomeres yellowish white (Figs 10, 12). Abdomen brown, except lateral margins yellow (Figs 9–12).

Figures 9–16.

Parasogata binaria sp. n. 9, 10 Male habitus (dorsal and lateral views) 11, 12 Female habitus (dorsal and lateral views) 13 Male head and thorax, dorsal view 14 Male front 15 Female head and thorax, dorsal view 16 Female front. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Structure. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum, ratio 0.77:1 (Figs 13, 15). Vertex with anterior margin arched, lateral carinae slightly concave, submedian carinae uniting at apex, longer than wide at base, ratio 1.28:1, narrower at apex than at base, ratio 0.64:1 (Figs 13, 17). Frons longer in middle line than wide at widest part, ratio 2.28:1 (Figs 14, 18), lateral carinae nearly straight (Figs 14, 18). Postclypeus wider at base than frons at apex, slightly longer than wide at base (Figs 14, 18). Antennae cylindrical, basal segment longer than wide, ratio 1.55:1, shorter than second, ratio 0.42:1 (Figs 14, 18). Pronotum shoter than vertex, ratio 0.75:1 (Figs 13, 17). Mesonotum longer than pronotum and vertex combined, ratio 1.25:1 (Figs 13, 17). Posttibial spur with approximately 30–32 distinct teeth along hind margin. Forewings longer than widest part, ratio 3.48:1, widest at apical 1/4 (Figs 10, 12, 19).

Figures 17–29.

Parasogata binaria sp. n. male 17 Head and thorax, dorsal view 18 Front 19 Forewing 20 Hindwing 21 Genitalia, lateral view 22 Genitalia, caudal view 23 Diaphragm, caudal view 24 Anal segment, left view 25 Anal segment, caudal view 26 Aedeagus, left view 27 Genital style, caudal view 28 Genital style, left view 29 Suspensorium. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (17–23); 0.2 mm (24–25); 0.1 mm (26–29).

Male genitalia. Anal segment with two pairs of spinose processes, upper pair smaller (Figs 24–25). Pygofer quadrate in posterior view (Figs 21–23). Diaphragm broad, transparent (Fig. 23). Aedeagus with ten processes subapically and with irregularity teeth at ventral of apex, constriction and blunt rounded at apex (Fig. 26). Genital styles with inner margin arched and outer margin concave in caudal view, distinctly constricted at apex (Figs 27–28). Suspensorium large and arrow-shaped (Fig. 29).

Female genitalia. Gonocoxa VIII at base of inner margin arched (Fig. 31). Gonapophyses VIII with apex sharp, with ventral margin membranous at half of apex, dorsal aspect with several small teeth apically (Fig. 32). Gonapophyses IX long, sclerotized, curved basally, narrowing towards apex, with approximately 17 teeth, abruptly reduced and indistinct at apex (Fig. 33). Gonoplacs twisted, long and stripe-shaped (Fig. 34).

Figures 30–34.

Parasogata binaria sp. n., female 30 Abdomen, ventral view 31 Gonocoxa VIII 32 Gonapophysis VIII 33 Gonapophysis IX 34 Gonoplac. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (30); 0.2 mm (31–34).

Report hosts

None.

Distribution

China (Yunnan).

Etymology

The specific epithet is from the Latin word binaria (bipartite), referring to the anal segment with two pairs of processes.

Remarks

The species is similar to Sogata dohertyi (Distent, 1906), but can be distinguished by anal segment with processes cross (not cross in Sogata dohertyi), aedeagus with a row processes (without process in Sogata dohertyi).

Parasogata furca sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/85CEB0C9-63CD-42F2-B312-9AD19FAD4F40

Figs 35–42, 43–55, 56–60

Type material

Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Guizhou: Wangmo County, Zhexiang (24°97'N, 106°15'E), 7 Jul. 2016, H.-X. Li and L.-J. Yang. Paratypes: 3♂♂, same data as holotype: 2♂♂1♀, Yunnan: Yuanjiang County, Dongezhen (23°69'N, 101°82'E), 26 Aug. 2014, Z.-X. Zhou.

Measurements

Body length (from apex of vertex to apex of forewing): male 4.72–4.84 mm (n = 6), female 5.10–5.22 mm (n = 1); forewing length: male 3.61–3.93 mm (n = 6); female 4.42–4.51 mm (n = 1).

Diagnosis

Big-sized species with General color yellow, anal segment with a pair of spinose processes, forked apically (Figs 50–51); aedeagus with eight processes and with many irregularity ventral teeth at subapically (Fig. 52).

Description

Coloration. Head yellow. Vertex yellowish white to black (Figs 39, 41). Frons black except middle carinae yellowish white and lateral margin yellowish brown (Figs 40, 42). Clypeus and genae yellow (Figs 40, 42). Rostrum yellowish brown, with apex brown. Eyes generally yellow to brown (Figs 35–42), ocelli yellowish brown (Figs 36, 38, 40, 42). Antennae yellow (Figs 35–42). Pronotum and mesonotum with carinae yellowish brown (Figs 39, 41). Forewings with veins dark brown (Figs 35–38). Hindwings pale white, veins brown. Legs yellowish white to pale yellowish; tibiae yellow basally, tarsomeres yellowish white (Figs 36, 38). Abdomen yellow (Figs 35–38).

Figures 35–42.

Parasogata furca sp. n. 35, 36 Male habitus (dorsal and lateral views) 37, 38 Female habitus (dorsal and lateral views) 39 Male head and thorax, dorsal view 40 Male front 41 Female head and thorax, dorsal view 42 Female front. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Structure. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum, ratio 0.79:1 (Figs 39, 43). Vertex with anterior margin transverse, lateral carinae with slightly concave, longer than wide at base, ratio 1.22:1, narrower at apex than at base, ratio 0.55:1 (Figs 39, 43). Frons longer in middle line than wide at widest part, ratio 1.83:1, lateral carinae straight (Figs 40, 44). Postclypeus wider at base than frons at apex, slightly longer than wide at base (Figs 41, 46). Antennae cylindrical, basal segment longer than wide, ratio 1.55:1, shorter than second, ratio 0.38:1 (Figs 39–44). Pronotum shorter than vertex, ratio 0.67:1 (Figs 36, 38, 40, 42, 44). Mesonotum longer pronotum and vertex combined, ratio 1.21:1 (Figs 39, 43). Forewings longer than widest part, ratio 3.85:1, widest at apical 1/4 (Figs 35–38, 45). Posttibial spur with approximately 29–32 distinct teeth along hind margin.

Figures 43–55.

Parasogata furca sp. n., male 43 Head and thorax, dorsal view 44 Front 45 Forewing 46 Hindwing 47 Genitalia, lateral view 48 Genitalia, caudal view 49 Diaphragm, caudal view 50 Anal segment, caudal view 51 Anal segment, left view 52 Aedeagus, left view 53 Genital style, left view 54 Genital style, caudal view 55 Suspensorium. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (43–49); 0.2 mm (50, 51); 0.1 mm (52–55).

Male genitalia. Anal segment with a pair of spinose processes, forked apically (Figs 50–51). Pygofer quadrate in caudal view (Figs 47–49). Diaphragm broad, transparent, dorsal margin arched (Fig. 49). Aedeagus with eight processes and with many irregularity ventral teeth at subapically (Fig. 52). Genital styles with lateral margins arched in caudal view, with two lateral margins almost parallel in profile (Figs 53–54). Suspensorium large and X-shaped, with a process at each lateral margin (Fig. 55).

Female genitalia. Gonocoxa VIII with base of inner margin slightly concave (Fig. 57). Gonapophyses VIII with apex sharp, ventral margin membranous at half of apical, in dorsal margins with several small teeth at half of apical (Fig. 58). Gonapophyses IX long, sclerotized, curved basally and narrowing towards apex, serrated caudad in distal, with approximately 18 teeth, abruptly reduced and indistinct at apex (Fig. 59). Gonoplacs twisted (Fig. 60).

Figures 56–60.

Parasogata furca sp. n., female 56 Abdomen, ventral view 57 Gonocoxa VIII 58 Gonapophysis VIII 59 Gonapophysis IX 60 Gonoplac. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (56); 0.2 mm (57–60).

Report hosts

None.

Distribution

China (Guizhou, Yunnan).

Etymology

The specific epithet is from the Latin word furca (forked), indicating the anal segment produced lateroapical angles forked.

Remarks

This species is similar to Parasogata binaria sp. n., but can be distinguished by the anal segment with a single pair of processes (two pairs of processes in Parasogata binaria sp. n.), suspensorium with dorsal margin hunch-up (with dorsal margin concave in Parasogata binaria sp. n.).

Acknowledgments

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Prof. M.D. Webb (The Natural History Museum, London, UK) and J.F. Campodonico (University of Chile, Chile) for helpful suggestions on the revision of the early draft of the manuscript. We are grateful to all collectors of specimens. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31472033), the program of Science and Technology Innovation Talents Team, Guizhou Province (No.20144001) and the Program of Excellent Innovation Talents, Guizhou Province (No. 20154021).

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