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Mimobdella japonica Blanchard, 1897, the type species of the genus Mimobdella Blanchard, 1897, is redescribed based on the holotype. This species is characterized by the following characteristics: mid-body somites novem-annulate, two post-anal annuli, male gonopore in XI/XII, female gonopore in XII/XIII, 9 annuli (one full somite) between gonopores, strepsilaematous pharynx and three myognaths with stylets, possessing post-crop caeca in pairs, ovisacs reaching to XXI a2. The genus Mimobdella is placed under the family Salifidae, not Gastrostomobdellidae or Erpobdellidae, according to its possessing three myognaths bearing pharyngeal stylets.
Hirudinida, Salifidae, Mimobdella japonica, holotype, post-crop caecum, Japan
Mimobdella Blanchard, 1897 was originally erected under Herpobdellidae, which is a junior synonym of Erpobdellidae, for macrophagous leeches in Asia without the type species designation (
The family Gastrostomobdellidae is characterized by an agnath, euthylaematous pharynx, gastropore and gastroporal duct, whereas Erpobdellidae is characterized by an agnath and strepsilaematous pharynx, and Salifidae is characterized by three myognaths, pharyngeal stylets, and strepsilaematous pharynx (
In the original publication about Mimobdella japonica,
After its original description was published, this
species was redescribed based on other specimens collected from various
places in Japan (
In this paper, the systematic position of the genus Mimobdella is determined according to an evaluation of the internal morphology of its type species, Mimobdella japonica. The holotype of Mimobdella japonica is redescribed herein.
Material and methodsI examined one specimen of Mimobdella japonica:
RMNH.VER.650, holotype, deposited in the National Museum of Natural
History Naturalis (RMNH). Two measurements were taken: body length (BL)
from the anterior margin of the oral sucker to the posterior margin of
the caudal sucker, and maximum body width (BW). Examination,
dissection, and drawing of the specimens were accomplished under a
stereoscopic microscope with a drawing tube (Leica M125). Numbering
conventions are based on
Erpobdelliformes Sawyer, 1986
Salifidae Johansson, 1910
Mimobdella japonica Blanchard, 1897
Mid-body somites novem-annulate, c1 = c2 < b2 < a2 > c9 = c10 = d21 = d22 < c12. Post-anal annulus present. Pharynx strepsilaematous, with three myognaths separated by triangular papragnaths; each myognath bearing stylets in pairs arranged in tandem. Testisacs multiple. Accessory copulatory pit and gastopore absent.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Mimobdella_japonica
Figs 1 –4Mid-body somites novem-annulate, generally c1 = c2 < b2 < a2 > c9 = c10 = d21 = d22 < c12. Anus at 172th (antepenultimate)/173th (penultimate) annuli with two post-anal annuli. Post-crop caeca in pairs in XXI c2–c10. Male gonopore at XI/XII. Female gonopore at XII/XIII. Gonopores separated by 9 annuli (one full somite). Sperm duct reaching to XVI b1. Ovisacs reaching XXI a2.
RMNH.VER.650. Holotype, slightly contracted specimen, dissected, collected from Japan by P. F. von Siebold.
Body firm, muscular, gaining regularly in width in caudal direction, dorso-ventrally, depressed, BL 63.0 mm, BW 7.0 mm (Fig. 1). Caudal sucker, ventral, oval, its diameter equal to half of BW (Figs 1, 2D). Color in life unknown.
Annulation of somites I–VII undecidable, comprised of 17 annuli; 14th annulus with obvious furrow on dorsal, 17th annuli with obvious furrow on dorsal and slight furrow on ventral; 10th and 11th annuli united on venter, forming posterior margin of oral sucker (Fig. 2A, B). Somite VIII sexannulate, b1 (c1, c2 on dorsal) > b2 < a2 < b5 (c9, c10) > c11 (d21, d22) > c12; b2, b5 and c11 with obvious furrow on dorsal and slight furrow on ventral (Fig. 2A, B). Somite IX novem-annulate, c1 = c2 < b2 < a2 > c9 = c10 = d21 = d22 < c12; furrows of c9/c10 and d21/d22 shallower than others. Somites X–XXIIII novem-annulate, generally c1 = c2 < b2 < a2 > c9 = c10 = d21 = d22 < c12 (Fig. 2E); each of b2 of somites XVII–XXIII and a2 of somites XVIII–XXIII with slight furrow; c9 of X being first annulus of clitellum, a2 of XIII being last annulus of clitellum. Somite XXIV octannulate, c1=c2=b2<a2 (b3, b4 on dorsal)>c9=c10<c11 (d21, d22)>c12; a2 with slight furrow on dorsal, c11 with slight furrow (Fig. 2C, D). Annulation of somites XXV–XXVII undecidable, comprised of 8 (167th–174th) annuli, 167th annulus with slight furrow, 172th annulus being last complete annulus on venter (Fig. 2C, D); anus at 172th (antepenultimate)/173th (penultimate) annuli with two post-anal annuli (Fig. 2D).
Mimobdella japonica Blanchard, holotype, RMNH.VER.650 A Dorsal and B ventral view. Scale bar, 5 mm.
Mimobdella japonica Blanchard, holotype, RMNH.VER.650 A Dorsal view of somites I–IX b2 B ventral view of somites I–IX b2 C dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker D ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker E dorsal view of somite XIV F ventral view of somites XI–XIII b2. Abbreviations: an, anus; cs, caudal sucker; fp, female gonopore; mp, male gonopore; np, nephridiopore. Scale bars, 1 mm.
Anterior ganglionic mass in 13th and 14th annuli. Ganglion VII in 17th annulus. Ganglion VIII in a2 and b5. Ganglia IX–XXIV in a2 of each somite (Fig. 3A). Ganglion XXVI in 169th annulus. Posterior ganglionic mass in 170th–172th annuli.
Eyes undetectable. Nephridiopores in 17 pairs in VIII–XXIV, located ventrally at middle of b2 of each somite (Fig. 2B, D, F). Papillae numerous, minute, hardly visible, one row on each annulus.
Pharynx strepsilaematous, reaching to XIV c10/d21, with three myognaths separated by triangular papragnaths (Fig. 4A); each myognath bearing two conic stylets arranged in tandem, parallel to body axis (Fig. 4A). Crop tubular, reaching to XXI a2; post-crop caeca thin-walled, in pairs in XXI c2–c10 (Fig. 4B). Intestine tubular, acaecate, reaching to XIII a2. Rectum tubular, thin-walled.
Male gonopore at XI/XII (Fig. 2F). Female gonopore at XII/XIII (Fig. 2F). Gonopores separated by 9 annuli (Fig. 2F). Testisacs multiple in XVI c2 to 169th annulus, several testisacs on each side in each annulus (Fig. 3A). Sperm ducts in XII c1 to XVI b1, coiled, narrowing at junction with atrial cornu, then turning gently inward toward atrial cornu without pre-atrial loop (Fig. 3A, D, E). Atrium short, muscular with atrial cornu in pairs in XI c12 and XII c1; atrial cornu, curved laterad (Fig. 3B–E). Ovisacs long, slightly folded, tubular in XIII c1 to XXI a2; right ovisac turned anteriorly in XXI a2, reaching to XIX/XX; left ovisac also turned anteriorly in XXI a2, reaching to XIX b2; both ovisacs converged in XIII c1, directly descending to female gonopore (Fig. 3A).
Mimobdella japonica Blanchard, holotype, RMNH.VER.650 A Dorsal view of reproductive system including ventral nervous system B frontal view of male atrium C lateral view of male atrium D dorsal view of male atrium E ventral view of male atrium. Abbreviations: ac, atrial cornu; at, atrium; o, ovisac; sd, sperm duct; t, testisac. Scale bars, 1 mm (A) and 0.5 mm (B–E).
Mimobdella japonica Blanchard, holotype, RMNH.VER.6500 A ventral view of oral cavity B ventral view of junction of crop with intestine. Abbreviations: cp, crop; in, intestine; pcc, post-crop caecum; pn, paragnath; st, stylet. Scale bars, 1 mm.
According to the possession of a strepsilaematous pharynx and three myognaths with stylets by the holotype of Mimobdella japonica, the genus Mimobdella is placed under the family Salifidae, not Gastrostomobdellidae with euthylaematous and agnathous pharynx, or Erpobdellidae with strepsilaematous and agnathous pharynx. The genus Mimobdella
differs from the other salifid genera in the following combination of
characters: 1) mid-body somite novem-annulate; 2) testisacs multiple;
and 3) accessory copulatory pit and gastropore absent. In addition to
those characteristics, Mimobdella japonica possesses rudimentary post-crop caeca in pairs. In the family Salifidae, two leeches of the genus Barbronia Johansson, 1918, have been known as possessors of post-crop caeca: Barbronia arcana (Richardson, 1970); and Barbronia assiuti Hussein and El-Shimy, 1982 (
The type locality of Mimobdella japonica is noted only as Japan on its label and could not be defined further. However, characteristics of two salifid specimens collected from Amamioshima Island, the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, are coincident with those of the holotype of Mimobdella japonica (Nakano pers. obs.). The other large salifid leeches collected from various places in Japan are not identified as Mimobdella japonica (Nakano pers. obs.). Therefore, there is a possibility that Amamioshima Island is the type locality of this species. However, field surveys are insufficient to determine the island as the type locality.
In accordance with clarifying the taxonomic position of the genus Mimobdella, taxonomic relationships between Mimobdella and Odontobdella Oka, 1923, should be reconsidered. The genus Odontobdella belongs to Salifidae according to the description of its type species, Odontobdella blanchardi (Oka, 1910) in
The author is most grateful to Caroline Pepermans (RMNH) and Koos van Egmond (RMNH) for allowing me to examine the holotype of Mimobdella japonica under their care, and to Professor Tsutomu Hikida (Kyoto University) for his helpful comments and suggestions to improve this manuscript. I am also grateful to Dr Birger Neuhaus (Museum für Naturkunde) for the information about the Mimobdella specimen under his care, to Dr Elizabeth Nakajima (Kyoto University) for checking the English of this text, to two anonymous reviewers and Dr Robert J. Blakemore (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo) for their constructive comments on this manuscript, and to Kazuki Kurita for his help in collecting specimens in the field. This study was financially supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Research of Global COE (A06) from MEXT, Japan, to Kyoto University.