This genus is superficially similar to Thecobathra Meyrick, 1922, which also has a silvery white body and forewings, but differs from the latter in having a dark brown costal streak in forewing. The male genitalia of Eucalantica are distinguished from those of Thecobathra in having three or four spines on socii (none or one spine in the latter) and a lack of dentiform projections on phallus (present in the latter). The female S8 is entirely or almost entirely sclerotized in Eucalantica, but not in Thecobathra. The female genitalia of those two genera are also different in the shape of the signum, if present: keel-like or discoid plate in Eucalantica, cruciform in Thecobathra.

When resting, Eucalantica moths lay their body parallel to the substrate with their forelegs extended forward (Fig. 5).

(Fig. 1). Vertex vestiture rough with white, piliform scales; frons dark brown. Antennae filiform, 3/5 as long as forewing; scape white, with brown pecten; pedicel and first two flagellomeres with two complete whorls of scales per segment, white dorsally, gray ventrally; the remaining flagellomeres with a dorsal cover of gray scales on anterior half, a complete whorl of gray scales on distal half. Labial palpus porrect, 1st segment pale brownish gray, 1/4 as long as 2nd; 2nd segment dark brown, with denser scales distad, as long as eye diameter; 3rd segment white except dark brown on ventrobasal area, with white scale tufts dorsally, as long as 2nd. Maxillary palpus 4 segmented. Proboscis devoid of scales, longer than labial palpus.

Tegula and mesonotum white. Foreleg lustrous dark brown dorsally, gray ventrally; epiphysis arising at middle. Midleg with coxa to tibia lustrous pale brown dorsally, silvery white ventrally; first tarsus dark brown dorsally, silvery white ventrally; the remaining tarsi brownish gray with dark brown ring on distal end. Hindleg silvery white, slightly tinged with pale brown ventrally. The forewings (Figs 6–14) white, elongate-triangular, costa straight, apex at anterior 1/3 of termen, obtuse-angled, termen oblique after apex; a black spot at the upper corner of discal cell; scattered black spots on the posterior 1/2 and distal 2/3; a brown or orange dorsal patch; however, the latter two are often reduced, depending on the individual. The forewing venation of Eucalantica (Fig. 2) with pterostigma 2/5 of costa before R; Rs1 and Rs2 stalked; Rs4 below apex; M2 and M3 at base closer than M1; CuA1 directed to tornus; CuA2 ending at posterior margin. The hindwing slightly broader than forewing, pale gray, darkened to apex and anterior margin, termen broadly round, apex narrowly round; venation (Fig. 2) with Sc+R1 ending at the middle of anterior margin; Rs directed to apex; M1, M2 and M3 evenly spaced; CuP close to 1A+2A. Abdomen silvery white, slightly tinged with pale brown on basal half; pleural lobe silvery white.

(Fig. 3). Apodeme slender, 1/5 as long as venula; venula slender, 4/5 as long as 2nd sternite; transverse ridge at posterior 1/6 of 2nd sternite. A pair of spiniform setal zones on tergum II~VII; in polita, paired zones expanded, fused with each other.

(Fig. 4). A pair of coremata twice as long as pleural lobes; tergite elliptical, with lanceolate caudal end; pleuron expanded posteriorly as lobate; sternite subtriangular, enlarged caudad, posterior margin concave.

(Figs 17–30). Uncus linguiform, convex posteriorly, medially fused with tegumen; in four of the seven species, a pair of lateral humps present near apex; socii elongate, extended from ventrobasal area of uncus, with a row of 3–4 spines ventroterminally. Tuba analis with weakly sclerotized area ventrally (‘subscaphium'), continuous to gnathos; gnathos as a transverse bulge below tuba analis, with narrow, band-like sclerotization along apical edge. Valva obovate or rectangular, setose on the posterior half of the ventral side, with species-specific groove or projections above basal sacculus. Vinculum narrower to saccus; saccus elongate. Aedeagus straight or bent medially; cornuti absent or as a zone of minute spinules.

(Figs 31–35). Papillae anales subtriangular. A pair of hairy humps on the distal margin of S8; interspace between the humps with dense, minute thorns, the thorny area extending above and below S8 humps. Segment S8 entirely or mostly sclerotized, sometimes posterolateral margins forming a semicircular fold (Figs 32 and 35, indicated by asterisk); depending on the species, with a pair of pits (Fig. 35a) or semicircular depression (Fig. 31b) near ostium. Antrum digitate or bowl-shaped, with numerous minute thorns internally; thorny area extending caudally beyond ostium bursae. Ductus seminalis near a connection between ductus and corpus bursae; bulla seminalis as large as (in polita) or smaller than corpus or absent (in costaricae). Corpus bursae very fragile due to its thin wall; signum absent in two species, present in three species and shaped like a dentate keel or a small scobinate disk.

The distribution of Eucalantica as shown in this paper indicates a high diversity of the genus in the Central America. Three of the five Costa Rican species described in this paper were found in the high-elevation oak forests of Cerro de la Muerte region, indicating that multiple species can coexist in a single ecozone. Interestingly, there exists a different group of congeners in the high mountains of Heredia province. This pattern predicts more undescribed species of Eucalantica present along the montane systems of Costa Rica and other Central American countries.

Note: External appearance is usually inadequate for species identification of Eucalantica. Whenever possible, examination of the genitalia is advised for reliable identifications of the species.

Note: the females of Eucalantica ehecatlella and Eucalantica pumila are unknown

Lectotype ♂ (here designated; Fig. 7) – USA: “Lectotype [on a round paper with cobalt blue border]", “Lake Co./ CALIFORNIA/ 17–19 1871/ Wlsm. [on a rectangular paper]", “Walsingham/ Collection/ 1910–427 [on a rectangular paper]", “Calantica/ polita Wlsm/ P.Z.S.Lond.p.302.tf.35'2 1881/ TYPE ♂ [on a rectangular paper with black margins]", BMNH. Paralectotypes 2♂ – USA: “Calantica polita Wl. Cala. [California], Pr.Z.S.1881.p302/ pl.35.f.2 [handwriting on a rectangular paper]", “Type 14992 [in a red rectangular paper]", “Wlsm. To Chamb. [handwriting on single line paper]", MCZ. Walsingham (1881) did not state the exact type locality and the number of specimens for his description of Calantica polita. A male specimen from BMNH has a red-bordered round label written “Type". Two type specimens of Calantica polita from MCZ are duplicates by Walsingham which were sent to Chambers (Miller and Hodges 1990). Therefore, all three specimens from BMNH and MCZ which hold “Type" label must be syntypes as Miller and Hodges (1990) already indicated. We formally designate a lectotype of Calantica polita amongst these specimens.

CANADA: 2♂, British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, 3 August 1902 (USNM); 1♂, British Columbia, Vancouver Isl., Wellington, 14 April 1902 (USNM); 3♂, ditto, February 1905, GW Taylor (USNM); 1♂, ditto, 27 April 1904, T Bryant (USNM); 1M, ditto, October 1905, GW Taylor (USNM); 3♂, ditto, November 1905, GW Taylor (USNM); 3♂, ditto, no date, GW Taylor (USNM); 1♂, British Columbia, Vancouver Is., Duncans, 12 April 1892, Hanham (USNM); 1♂, ditto, June 1908, Hanham (USNM); 1♂, ditto, 5 October 1908, Hanham (USNM); 1♂, ditto, April 1909, Hanham (USNM); 1ex, ditto, no date, Hanham (USNM); 1♂1♀, British Columbia, Departure Bay, Bio Station, April 1909 (USNM); 1♂, British Columbia, Goldstream, 18 April 1921, EH Blackmore (USNM). USA: 1♂, Washington, Goldbar, 25 September 1983, DF Bray (USNM); 1♂, Washington, Long Beach, Clarke's Nursery, 24 July 1965, EP Breakey, “reared from Vaccinium ovatum", GSN [USNM-77947] (USNM); 1♂, Washington, Long Beach, 10 December 1964, EP Breakey & EG Tinius, “from larva boring rhododendron twig, emerged on 31 December 1964" (USNM); 2♂2♀, Washington, Tacoma, 20 May 1928, M Clarke (USNM); 1♂, Washington, Lake Crescent, June 1971, EC Zimmerman (USNM); 1ex, Washington, Tiago, 17 June 1918, HK Plank, “on huckberry [sic]/ winter" (USNM); 1♂, Washington, Seattle, 27 May 1901, GSN [USNM-91608] (USNM); 1♂, ditto, 12 October 1923, JFG Clarke (USNM); 1♂, ditto, 20 April 1931, WMW Baker, “leaf miner in rhododendron" (USNM); 1♂, Washington, Olympic Mts., 12 April 1892 (USNM); 6♂, Washington, Olympic Mts., Barnes Creek, 5–6 August 1936, AF Braun (USNM); 1♂, Washington, Olympic Mts., Hurricane Ridge, alt. 3000ft, 15 June 1955, JFG Clarke (USNM); 2♂, Washington, Harstine Island, 24 July 1960, EP Breakey, “from larvae (leaftiers) feeding in tips of huckleberry" (USNM); 1♀, Washington, Hoquiam, Burke Colr., 6 May 1904, Fivino (USNM); 3♂1♀, Washington, San Juan Co., Deer Harbor, Orcas Island, 14 July 2002, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, Washington, Kitsap Co., Bainbridge Island, Venice District, 3–4 April 2001, J Powell (EMEC). 3♂1♀, Oregon, NW corner Douglas Co., Lake Tahkenitch, 26 August 1969, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, [no date & collector info] (EMEC); 1♀, Oregon, Coos Co., Bullards Beach, 2 mi N from Bandon, 24–25 August 1969, J Powell (EMEC).1♂♀, California, San Francisco, Big Basin, 18 June 1971, E Jäckh (USNM); 1♂, California, Del Norte Co., Redwoods, 23 August 1936, AF Braun (USNM); 1♂, California, Humboldt Co., Fieldbrook, 18 May 1903, HS Barber (USNM); 1♂, ditto, 26 May 1903, HS Barber (USNM); 1♂, California, Humboldt Co., 4 mi S from Fieldbrook, 29 June 1969, J Powell (EMEC); 11♂16♀, California, Humboldt Co., 11 mi NE from Blue Lake, Redwood Summit, 9 May 1961, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, California, Monterey Co., Big Creek Reserve, 8–9 June 2001, J Powell (EMEC); 1♀, ditto, 21–22 July 1992, B Scaccia & R Zuniga (EMEC); 12♂28♀, California, Monterey Co., Big Creek Reserve, Devils Cr. Flat, alt. 120m, Redwood riparian, 23–25 April 1987, J Powell, “JAP no. 87D29: emerged in 16–21 May 1987, reared from Vaccinium ovatum" (EMEC); 6♂, California, Humboldt Co., Kneeland, 69 Prairie Lane, 12–14 March 2001, RS Wielgus, GSN [USNM96387] (USNM); 14♂11F, ditto, 18–20 March 2001, RS Wielgus (EMEC); 1♂, California, Humboldt Co., Arcata, 24 June 1969, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, 28 June 1969, J Powell (EMEC); 1♀, California, Humboldt Co., Richardson Grove St. Park, 18 June 1962, CA Toschi (EMEC); 1♂, California, Marin Co., Inverness Ridge, 15 May 1970, J Powell (USNM); 3♂, ditto, alt. 100m, 21–24 May 1995, JA Powell (EMEC); 1♂2♀, ditto, alt. 40–250m, 20 October 1999, JA Powell (EMEC); 1♀, ditto, alt. 270m, 19 September 1998, JA Powell (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, alt. 250–300m, 19–20 May 1998, JA Powell (EMEC); 1♂, California, Marin Co., Inverness Park, alt. 150m, 26–30 September 1999, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, 8–14 October 1999, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂1♀, ditto, 15–22 October 1999, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, alt. 175m, 13–19 2003, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, 20–26 October 2003, J Powell (EMEC); 2♂, California, Marin Co., 2mi SE Inverness Ridge, alt. 700–1100ft, 15–16 May 1970, RE Dietz (EMEC); 1♀, California, Marin Co., Mt. Vision, Inverness Ridge, 24 April 1982, JA Powell, “JAP no. 82D46: reared from Vaccinium ovatum" (EMEC);1♀, California, Marin Co., Palomarin, 7–8 May 1990, P Super (EMEC); 1♂2♀, California, Marin Co., Alpine Lake, alt. 250–350m, 11 April 1992, J Powell, “JAP no. 92D39.1: emerged on 8 May 1992, reared from Vaccinium ovatum" (EMEC); 3♂1♀, California, Tomales Bay, Marin Co., 21 January 1959, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, 17 February 1961, J Powell (EMEC); 14♂10♀, California, San Mateo Co., San Bruno Mt., 13 April 1981, JA DeBenedictis, “JADeB no. 81103-A: emerged in 6–12 May 1981, reared from Vaccinium ovatum" (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, 16 May 1984, JB Whitfield & JA DeBenedictis, “JBW no. 84E31: emerged between 25 May & 4 June 1984, reared from Vaccinium ovatum" (EMEC); 1♂1♀, California, San Mateo Co., San Bruno Mt., Radio Tower Road, 16 May 1984, JA Powell, “JAP no. 84E31: emerged on 4 June 1984, reared from Vaccinium ovatum" (EMEC); 1♀, California, Sonoma Co., 10–25 May, AH Vachell (USNM); 1♂1♀, California, Sonoma Co., Salt Point St. Park, 20 July 1990, RJ Robertson (EMEC); 4♂5♀, California, Mendocino Co., 2 mi S from Rockport, 1 February 1962, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂1♀, California, Mendocino Co., 5 mi NW from Comptche, Pygmy Forest, 10 April 1981, JA DeBenedictis, “JADeB no. 8100-A: emerged on 29 April & 4 May 1981, reared from Vaccinium ovatum" (EMEC); 4♂, California, Del Norte Co., 8 mi N from Klamath, Damnation Cr., 20 July 1969, DP Levin (EMEC); 1♂, California, Santa Barbara Co., Santa Cruz Is., Ridge N of Laguna Canyon, 28 April 1966 (EMEC); 1♀, California, Santa Barbara Co., Santa Cruz Is., Canada de la Cuesta, 15 March 1969, J Powell, “JAP no. 69C39: emerged on 4 April 1969, reared from Vaccinium ovatum" (EMEC); 1♀, California, Santa Barbara Co., Santa Cruz Is., Felton, 20–21 July 1991, J Powell (EMEC); 1♂, [no specific locality], 1882, Walsingham, GSN [USNM-91607] (USNM); 1♂, ditto, [no date], Fernald (USNM).

This species externally resembles Euceratia castella Walsingham, 1881, among the described species of North America, but is easily distinguished from the latter in having a dorsal patch on forewings and by in lacking white annulations on the antennae.

(Figs 7–9). Forewing length 5.5–8mm (mean=7.19mm, n=58); basal 1/4 of costa dark brown; an oblique, bar-like, reddish brown patch on distal 1/3 of posterior margin, surrounded by black speckles; posterior suffusion reddish brown, as long as dorsal patch; posterior suffusion and/or dorsal patch lost and black specks peppering, depending on the individuals; a black spot at the end of discal cell; a black scale on each vein along termen; fringes white on basal half, grayish brown on distal half, or entirely white in some specimens. Hindwing anterior margin 2× longer than maximum width; fringe pale gray on basal half, white on distal half.

(Figs 17, 18) (6 preparations examined). Uncus (Fig. 17a) linguiform, convex posteriorly, with a pair of short, digitate tubercle posterolaterally; socii digitate, as long as saccus, with a row of 4 or 5 short ventral spines terminally, gradually smaller from basal to terminal spine (Fig. 17b). Tegumen parallel-sided; subscaphium (Fig. 17d) strongly bulged ventrad. Valva obovate, saccular margin evenly rounded, 2× longer than tegumen; costa curved at 1/4, narrowly sclerotized in basal 1/4; a small triangular mound above basal 2/5 of saccular margin (Fig. 17c). Saccus slender, as long as socius. Aedeagus (Fig. 18) slender, 3× length of saccus, weakly sinuate; cornutus absent.

(Fig. 31) (5 preparations examined). S8 sclerotized, with a shallow bulge posterior to S8 humps; minute thorns on the bulge; semicircular depression anteriolaterally (Fig. 31b). Apophysis posterioris 2× longer than papillae anales, 2.5× longer than apophysis anteroris excluding basal Y-fork; longer branch of the Y-fork 1.2× longer than shorter branch or apophysis anterioris. Minute thorns on area between S8 humps and ostium bursae. Ductus bursae as long as apophysis posterioris; antrum in posterior 1/5 of ductus bursae, digitate, broadened at ostium, with minute thorns on internal wall (Fig. 31a); bulla seminalis as large as corpus bursae. Corpus bursae ovoid; signum absent.

(Fig. 15). Pacific side coastal regions of Canada (British Columbia) and United States (Washington, Oregon, California).

The larvae feed on flowers and leaves of California Huckleberry, Vaccinium ovatum Pursh(Ericaceae) (Powell & Opler, 2009). In the USNM collection, there exist two specimens of Eucalantica polita reared from “rhododendron", possibly Rhododendron pacificum. These records, however, need to be confirmed. The host record “huckberry" from USNM must be an error for “huckleberry". The label data available from museum specimens indicate that the larvae are twig-borers, leaf-miners or leaf-tiers. The larvae of Eucalantica polita are primarily external feeders which web amongst inflorescences or young vegetative terminals of Vaccinium ovatum (Jerry Powell, personal communication). All records of the internal feeding larvae of Eucalantica polita are associated with “rhododendron", a host which is yet unverified.

Eucalantica polita shows continuous variations in forewing patterns between two extremes which are very reduced (Fig. 8) or maculate throughout (Fig. 9). Those variants coexist temporally and spatially, for which no taxonomic consideration is necessary. However, some of the variants can be confused with the new species described in this study. Walsingham (1881) illustrated an individual of Eucalantica polita whose forewings have only a dorsal patch and discal spot (Fig. 7). We found that this variant is predominant (ca. 87%) amongst the specimens examined in our study. The maculate variants were the rarest (ca. 0.7%).

Holotype ♂ – COSTA RICA: Cartago, El Guarco, Macizo de la Muerte, Sector de la esperanza, 9°46'14" N; 83°47'59"W, alt. 2600m, February 2002, R Delgado, BN-INB0003434063, GSN [SJC 640] (INBIO). Paratypes (5♂2♀) – COSTA RICA: 2♂, San José, Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills, La Georgina, 9°34'N; 83°43'W, alt. 3000m, 20 February 1999, K Nishida (USNM & UCR); 1♀, San José, Cerro de la Muerte, Estación Biológica de la UCR, 9°34'N; 83°45'W, alt. 3050m, 2 February 1999, K. Nishida (BMNH). 1♂, Cartago, Cerro de la Muerte, Georgina, 9°34'N; 83°45'W, alt. 3000m, 23–25 May 1985, J Powell & PA Opler (INBIO); 1♂, ditto (EMEC); 1♂, ditto, 20 June 1988, J Brown & J Powell (EMEC); 1♀, Cartago, Villa Mills, 9°34'N; 83°43'W, alt. 3000m, 3–4 July 1999, J Powell (EMEC).

This new species is superficially indistinguishable from some variants of Eucalantica polita. In such cases, examination of genitalia is necessary for reliable identification. Eucalantica costaricae differs from Eucalantica polita by the lack of lateral projections near the apex of the uncus in the male genitalia and in having a signum in the corpus bursae of the female genitalia.

(Fig. 10). Forewing length 6.5–8mm (mean=7.48mm, n=9); posterior suffusion and dorsal patch absent; in majority of individuals, black spots scattered on distal and posterior half; fringes entirely white. In some specimens, all forewing pattern elements are lost except a discal spot. Hindwing anterior margin 3× longer than the maxium width; fringes entirely white.

(Figs 19, 20) (5 preparations examined). Uncus (Fig. 19a) linguiform apically; socii lunate, as long as saccus, long hairy dorsally, with four terminal spines in a row, third spine from tip longest, followed by second, fourth, and first in order of length (Fig. 19b). Tegumen subtriangular, 1.5× broader than uncus; subscaphium (Fig. 19d) appressed to tegumen. Valva obovate, 2.5× longer than socii, costa slightly incurved at basal 1/3; arched setose area above saccular base (Fig. 19c). Saccus very slender, as long as socius. Aedeagus (Fig. 20) attenuate in distal half, as long as and slightly wider than saccus, bent medially; carina slender, triangular; a zone of minute spinulate cornuti in distal half of aedeagus.

(Fig. 33) (2 preparations examined). S8 sclerotized; minute thorns on semicircular area above S8 humps. Apophysis posterioris 2.5× longer than apophysis anterioris excluding basal Y-fork; longer branch of Y-fork 5× longer than shorter branch. Ductus bursae as long as corpus bursae; antrum in posterior 1/7 of ductus bursae, cup-shaped, with minute thorns on internal wall (Fig. 33a); bulla seminalis 2/3 as large as corpus bursae. Corpus bursae ellipsoid; signum as a small, scobinate disc (Fig. 33c).

Costa Rica (high elevations of Cerro de la Muerte of the Talamancan Mountain Range in Cartago and San José Provinces).

The adult specimens have been collected exclusively from the high elevation forests of Cerro de la Muerte where oaks are dominant below 3, 300m (Zuchowski, 2007). See Nishida et al. (2002) for more details about the habitats. The second author (KN) observed one individual of this species resting on the underside of a leaf of Vaccinium floribundum Kunth (Fig. 1). Given the host association of Eucalantica polita with another Vaccinium, this plant is likely the larval host of Eucalantica costaricae.

The new species is named after Costa Rica, where the type locality is situated.

Holotype ♂ – COSTA RICA: Heredia, Volcán Barva, 6 km ENE from Vara Blanca, 10°10'34"N; 84°06'41"W, alt. 1950–2050 m, 16 February 2002, BN-INB0003220413, GSN [SJC 642] (INBIO). Paratype ♂ – COSTA RICA: same locality as holotype, 21 March 2002, A Kawahara, BN-INB0003217116, abdomen missing (INBIO).

This species is very close to Eucalantica icarusella in the shape of the dorsal patch of the forewing and in having entirely pale gray forewing fringes but differs from the latter by having most of the black dots sparsely scattered beyond the discal cell. Eucalantica ehecatlella is further distinguished from Eucalantica icarusella by the lack of projections near the apex of uncus in the male genitalia.

(Fig. 6). Forewing length 5.0–6.2 mm (n=2) with dark brown costal streak in basal 1/4; posterior suffusion on basal half of dorsal margin, reddish brown with an intermittent, black line along upper border; black spots sparsely scattered on distal 1/4; terminal line narrow, black, intermittent; fringes pale orange, paler on tornus. Hindwing anterior margin 2× longer than maximum width; fringes pale gray.

(Figs 21, 22) (1 preparation examined). Uncus (Fig. 21a) elongate, triangular, conical apically; socii bulged dorsally, sharp triangular in terminal 1/5, 1.5× longer than saccus, long-hairy dorsally, with four terminal spines in a row, third spine from tip longest, followed by second, fourth, and first in order of length (Fig. 21b). Tegumen parallel-sided; subscaphium (Fig. 21d) slightly bulged ventrad. Valva obovate, costal margin almost straight, apex broadly round; a semicircular emargination adjoining with a densely setose area and an oblique groove above saccular base (Fig. 21c); a subrectangular emargination near the middle of the base of valva ventrally (Fig. 21c). Saccus elongate, digitate, as long as uncus. Aedeagus (Fig. 22) of even width throughout, strongly curved medially, with a triangular carina terminally and a zone of minute-spinulate cornuti 1/3 as long as aedeagus.

unknown.

Costa Rica (Central Volcanic Range in Heredia Province).

The specific epithet is derived from ‘Ehecatl', a god of wind in Aztec mythology and refers to the windy habitat where the new species was collected.

Holotype ♂– COSTA RICA: San José, Cerro de la Muerte, Estación Biológica de la UCR, 9° 34' N; 83° 45' W, alt. 3050m, 20 February 1999 (K. Nishida), GSN [USNM96397], USNM. Paratypes (6♂4♀) – COSTA RICA: 1♂, San José, Cerro de la Muerte, Estación Biológica de la UCR, 9°34'N; 83°45'W, alt. 3100m, 20 December 1998, K Nishida (BMNH); 2♂, San José, Cerro de la Muerte, Estación Los Nimbolos, 9°99'42.30"N; 83°44'27.2"W, alt. 3150m, 24–27 July 2006, JB Sullivan (USNM). 2♀, Cartago, Cerro de Muerte, Pension La Georgina, 9°34'N; 83°45'W, alt. 3000m, 23–25 May 1985, J Powell, GSN [EMEC-JCS 003] (EMEC); 1♀, 7km SE El Canon, 9°40'N; 83°55'W, 28 May 1985 (J Powell), GSN [EMEC-JCS 001] (EMEC). 1♂1♀, Alajuela, Volcán Poás, 10°11'00"N; 84°12'30"W, alt. 2550m, 6–7 June 1988 (J Brown & JA Powell), GSN [EMEC-JCS 004 (♀)] (EMEC). 1♂, Heredia, Volcán Barva, 6 km ENE from Vara Blanca, 10°10'34"N; 84°06'41"W, alt. 1950–2050 m, 20 March 2002, K Nishida, abdomen missing (USNM); 1♂, ditto, 12 April 2002, K Nishida (UCR).

This species is superficially similar to Eucalantica costaricae, but differs from the latter in having a posterior suffusion on the forewings and narrower hindwings. In the genitalia, Eucalantica icarusella is distinguished from Eucalantica costaricae in having projections (Fig. 23a) near the apex of the uncus in the males and having a pair of pits (Fig. 35a) near ostium bursae in the females.

(Fig. 11). Forewing length 5.3–7.9 mm (mean=7.07mm, n=9); costal streak dark brown, broadly spread basally; dorsal patch at the middle of posterior margin, dentiform, orange, with a black line on upper border; posterior suffusion on basal 1/2 of dorsal margin, orange, with an intermittent black line on upper border; black spots peppering in distal 3/4, denser to distal 1/3; fringes pale gray in basal 1/3, brownish gray in distal 2/3. Hindwing anterior margin 2.5× longer than maximum width; fringes pale gray.

(Figs 23, 24) (3 preparations examined). Uncus (Fig. 23a) linguiform, apex slightly protruded, lateral lobes digitate, with transverse edge apically; socii digitate, narrowly round apically, as long as saccus, long-hairy dorsally, with three terminal spines in a row, all almost same in length (Fig. 23b). Tegumen as long as uncus, subtriangular posteriorly, parallel laterally in anterior half, enlarged in posterior half; subscaphium (Fig. 23d) appressed to tegumen. Valva elongate, almost of even width throughout, rounded apically, 3.5× longer than saccus; costa slightly bulged at basal 1/5; a semicircular emargination above saccular base, adjoining with a small tubercle at upper end (Fig. 23c). Saccus digitate, robust, broadened to base, as long as socius. Aedeagus (Fig. 24) almost straight, slightly bulged medially (Fig. 24e), 2.5× longer than saccus; a zone of minute-spinulate cornuti 2/5 as long as aedeagus.

(Fig. 35) (4 preparation examined). S8 sclerotized, quadrate, with a pair of semicircular, setose humps posteriorly; minute thorns on and posteriorn to S8 humps; semicircular, lateral pleats at the middle of S8 area (indicated with an asterisk in Fig. 35); a pair of pits adjacent to ostium (Fig. 35a). Apophysis posterioris 3.5× longer than apophysis anterioris excluding basal Y-fork; ventral branch of Y-fork fused with posterior margin of S8, dorsal branch 2× longer than apophysis anterioris, slightly sinuous. A zone of minute thorns extended from antrum to S8 pleats. Ductus bursae as long as corpus; antrum cylindrical, 1/6 as long as and 2× wider than ductus bursae, with minute thorns on internal wall (Fig. 35a); bulla seminalis 1/2 as long as ductus bursae. Corpus bursae oval, membranous, cervical area slightly protruding; signum keel-like with denticules on interior surface (Fig. 35c).

Costa Rica (high elevations of Cartago, Heredia and San José).

The new species is named after the Greek mythological character Ikaros (Icarus in Latin) and refers to the white forewing with scarlet dorsal suffusion resembling Icarus' waxy wings burnt down by sunlight.

Holotype ♂ – COSTA RICA: Cartago, Cerro de la Muerte, La Georgina, 9°34'N; 83°45'W, alt. 3000 m, 23–25 June 1985, J Powell & PA Opler, GSN [EMEC-JCS 012] (EMEC). Paratypes (1♂4♀) – COSTA RICA: 1♀, San José, 4.6 km E from Villa Mills, Sendero al Mirador, Est. Cuericí, 9°34'N; 83°43'W, alt. 2640m, 17–22 March 1996, A Picado, GSN [SJC 806] (INBIO). 1♂, Cartago, 7 km SE El Cañón, 9°40'N; 83°55'W, alt. 2500 m, 28 May 1985, J Powell & JT Doyen (EMEC); 3♀, Cartago, Villa Mills, 9°34'N; 83°43'W, alt. 3000 m, 3–4 July 1999, J Powell, GSN [EMEC-JCS 002] (EMEC).

This new species is similar to immaculate variants of Eucalantica polita (Fig. 8) but differs from the latter in having posterior suffusion on entire dorsal margin of forewings. They are also distinguished by the male genitalia, i.e. triangular projection on valva closer to sacculus in Eucalantica powelli, and also by the female genitalia, i.e. the presence of posterolateral semicircular pleats (indicated with an asterisk in Fig. 32) in Eucalantica powelli.

(Fig. 12). Forewing length 7.0–10.0 mm (mean=8.48mm, n=5); dorsal margin with a row of black dots from the base to the basal 1/3; posterior suffusion on distal 2/3 of dorsal margin, sinuate, orange, with an intermittent black line on upper boarder; terminal line on posterior half of termen, black, intermittent; fringes white in basal half, reddish brown in distal half.

(Figs 25, 26) (2 preparations examined). Uncus (Fig. 25a) elongate, subrectangular, as long as tegumen, with a pair of digitate lobes posterolaterally; socii digitate, as long as saccus, long-hairy dorsally, with four terminal spines in a row, third and fourth spines from top longest, followed by second, first in order of length (Fig. 25b). Tegumen parallel-sided; subscaphium (Fig. 25d) appressed to tegumen. Valva obovate; costa slightly curved at distal 1/3; sacculus with a small triangular bulge at basal 1/3 (Fig. 25c). Saccus digitate. Aedeagus (Fig. 26) slender, of even width throughout, narrower than saccus, apex oblique, slightly bent medially; with a zone of minute-spinulate cornuti 1/5 as long as aedeagus.

(Fig. 32) (2 preparations examined). S8 slightly oblique laterally, weakly sclerotized, with a pair of setose humps posteromedially; interspace between S8 humps with minute thorns; a pair of semicircular pleats lateroposteriorly (indicated with an asterisk in Fig. 32). Apophysis posterioris 4× longer than apophysis anterioris excluding basal Y-fork; longer branch of Y-fork 3× longer than shorter branch, 2.5× longer than apophysis anterioris. Ductus bursae 2× longer than corpus; antrum in posterior 1/6 of ductus bursae, cylindrical, with minute thorns on inner wall (Fig. 32a); ductus seminalis weakly sclerotized at connection with ductus bursae; bulla seminalis absent. Corpus bursae globular; signum absent.

Costa Rica (high elevations of Cartago Province).

The new species is named after Dr. Jerry A. Powell, director emeritus of the Essig Museum of Entomology, the University of California, Berkeley, in appreciation of his assistance with the first author's work.

Holotype ♂ – COSTA RICA: Heredia, Volcan Barva, 6 km ENE from Vara Blanca, 10°11' N; 84°07'W, alt. 1950–2050 m, 20 February 2002, BN-INB0003219355, GSN [SJC 808] (INBIO).

This new species is easily distinguished from all other species of Eucalantica by its smaller size and in having a triangular, dark brown dorsal patch on the forewings. The male genitalia of Eucalantica pumila is similar to Eucalantica costaricae, but spines on the socii and the aedeagus is slender in the former.

(Fig. 13).Forewing length 5.8 mm (n=1); costal streak on basal 1/10 of costal margin, black; dorsal patch subtriangular, dark brown, upper border extended to the lower side of the discal cell; terminal line with three dark brown dots between veins. Hindwing anterior margin 2.2× longer than maximum width, pale gray except dark gray apical area.

(Figs 29, 30). Uncus subpentagonal, convex posteriorly, with a papilliform projection apically; socii semielliptical, straight ventrally, 1.5× longer than saccus, long-hairy dorsally, with four slender terminal spines in a row, gradually smaller from basal to terminal spine (Fig. 29b). Tegumen subtrapezoidal; subscaphium (Fig. 29d) slightly bulged. Valva elongate, of even width throughout, narrowly rounded apically; costa slightly convex at basal 1/3; sacculus ending at basal 1/4 of ventral margin of valva; an arched setal area above basal area of sacculus (Fig. 29c). Saccus slender, 2× longer than uncus. Aedeagus (Fig. 30) slender, narrower in distal half, almost straight, obtuse terminally; a zone of minute-spinulate cornuti 1/2 as long as aedeagus.

unknown.

Costa Rica (only known from the type locality).

The specific epithet is derived from the Latin pumilus, meaning “little", and refers to its small size relative to other Eucalantica.

Holotype ♂ – USA: New Mexico, Pecos National Forest, 35°53'N, 105°38'W, alt. 3048 m, 24 August 1916, C Heinrich, GSN [USNM-96389] (USNM). Paratypes (2♂3♀) – USA: 1♀, New Mexico, same as holotype, abdomen missing (USNM). 1♂, Arizona, White Mts., Summit of Mt. Thomas, 33°54'22"N, 109°33'46"W, alt. 11500 ft, 20 August 1925, OC Poling (USNM). MEXICO: 1♀, Tepalcates, 48 km W from Durango, Dgo, 24°01'N, 104°40'W, alt. 2560 m, 4–8 August 1972, J Powell, D Veirs, & CD MacNeill, GSN [EMEC-JCS 011] (EMEC). 1♂, Veracruz, Cañón Las Minas, 13 km NE from Perote, 19°29'52"N, 97°52'09"W, alt. 2150 m, 19 August 1987, J Brown & J Powell (EMEC); 1♀, Veracruz, 7 km NW from Banderilla, 19°35'N, 95°56'W, alt. 1680 m, 13 July 1974, J Powell & J Chemsak (EMEC).

This new species is superficially indistinguishable from some variants of Eucalantica polita and in such cases, examination of the genitalia is necessary for a reliable identification. Eucalantica vaquero is also similar to Eucalantica costaricae in having a reduced dorsal patch on the forewings but differs from the latter by having the fewer black spots on the forewing, mainly around the CuP fold. The male genitalia of Eucalantica vaquero differ from ones of Eucalantica polita and Eucalantica costaricae in having a bulge on apex of the uncus and stouter saccus. In the female genitalia, Eucalantica vaquero is distinguished from the latter two in having keel-like signum in the corpus bursae.

(Fig. 14). Forewing length 7.5–8.0mm (mean=7.65mm, n=4); costal streak on basal 1/3 narrow; dorsal patch reduced to a small, oblique, reddish brown band intermixed with black spots or absent; fringes white in basal 2/3, pale gray in distal 1/3. Hindwing anterior margin 2× longer than maximum width; fringes pale gray.

(Figs 27, 28) (4 preparations examined). Uncus (Fig. 27a) linguiform, bulged dorsoapically, lateral lobes upcurved, digitate; socii digitate, as long as saccus, long-hairy dorsally, with four terminal spines, all of them almost equal in size (Fig. 27b). Tegumen parallel laterally, 2× broader than uncus; tuba analis with minute thorns on inner wall; subscaphium (Fig. 27d) strongly bulged ventrad. Valva slightly broadened in distal half, narrowly round apically, saccular margin round in distal 1/3, almost straight in basal 2/3; costa slightly concave at middle; sacculus slightly bulged inward at basal 1/3; a semicircular setose area above saccular base; a longitudinal fold at base of valva, adjoining with a small dentiform process (Fig. 27c). Saccus digitate, robust. Aedeagus (Fig. 28) dillated at distal 1/3, almost straight; a zone of minute-spinulate cornuti 1/3 as long as aedeagus.

(Fig. 34) (2 preparations examined). S8 quadrate, sclerotized, with a pair of semicircular, setose humps. Minute thorns on S8 humps and an area connecting S8 humps and ostium bursae. Apophysis posterioris 4× longer than apophysis anterioris excluding basal Y-fork; both branches of Y-fork almost equal in length, 2× longer than apophysis anterioris. Ductus bursae 4/5 as long as corpus; antrum in posterior 1/4 of ductus bursa, conical, with minute thorns internally (Fig. 34a); bulla seminalis as long as ductus bursae; a sclerite at connection between bulla seminalis and ductus bursae (Fig. 34d). Corpus bursae ellipsoid; signum keel-like on middle of corpus, base narrow-elliptical, with a few denticles (Fig. 34c).

USA (New Mexico, Arizona) and Mexico.

The species name vaquero is a noun in apposition, meaning the Mexican cowboy, and refers to the distribution range of the new species roughly matching with the regions under ‘vaquero' traditions.