Research Article |
Corresponding author: Sanan Wu ( sananwu@bjfu.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Roger Blackman
© 2018 Xiaoying He, Yangyang Han, Sanan Wu.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
He X, Han Y, Wu S (2018) A new species of Leptopulvinaria Kanda from China, with a key to species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae). ZooKeys 781: 59-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.25713
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A new species Leptopulvinaria sapinda sp. n. is described and illustrated based on adult females collected on Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) from Shanghai and Jiangsu. This is the first report of Leptopulvinaria species in China. A key to the species of Leptopulvinaria Kanda is provided.
China, Pulvinariini , soft scale insect, taxonomy
The family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) is the third largest family of the Coccomorpha after the Diaspididae (armored scales) and Pseudococcidae (mealybugs), consisting of 1185 described species, distributed in 169 genera all over the world (García Morales et al. 2018,
The genus Leptopulvinaria was established by
In the course of our taxonomic study of soft scales (Coccidae) in China, we found an undescribed species which clearly belongs to this genus. Here, we describe and illustrate adult female specimens of this new species. This report is the first formal record of the occurrence of Leptopulvinaria species in China, and it may be useful for further taxonomic and biogeographic study of the genus and its species. A key to all three species of Leptopulvinaria is provided.
Slide mounting methods for the specimens in this study followed
All specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection, the Department of Forestry Protection, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China (
Leptopulvinaria elaeocarpi Kanda, 1960, by monotypy and original designation.
Adult female. Body elongate oval, broadest at thorax or anterior abdomen. Dorsum. Derm membranous. Tubular ducts and microducts frequent. Tubercles convex, occasionally absent. Margin. Setae spinose, each with a simple pointed apex. Stigmatic clefts not deep but distinct; each with one to four (usually three) stigmatic spines. Venter. Antennae with eight or nine (usually eight) segments. Legs each with a well-developed tibio-tarsal articulation and an articulatory sclerosis. Multilocular pores each with nine to eleven loculi, present mainly across most abdominal segments. Spiracular pores each with four to six (usually five) loculi. Two types of tubular ducts present. With one or two pairs of long setae medially on all abdominal and thoracic segments (occasionally lacking on thoracic segments). For further diagnostic characteristics, see
1 | Ventral tubular ducts absent medially on head and thoracic segments, though rarely a few may be present | 2 |
– | Ventral tubular ducts present medially on head and thoracic segments | L. kawaii Tanaka & Amano, 2008 |
2 | Dorsal tubular ducts, microducts and setae arranged in a reticulate pattern, multilocular pores absent on head and thorax, though occasionally a few present on metathorax, preopercular pores restricted to anterior anal plates | L. elaeocarpi Kanda, 1960 |
– | Dorsal tubular ducts, microducts and setae not arranged in a reticulate pattern, multilocular pores numerous on head and thorax, preopercular pores extend from anterior anal plates to prothorax | L. sapinda sp. n. |
Holotype: Adult female. CHINA, Shanghai City, Qingpu District, 7.vi.2017, on Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae), coll. Yangyang Han, 1♀(
Adult female. Unmounted material: (Figure
(Figure
Adult female of Leptopulvinaria sapinda sp. n., A body derm B antennae C stigmatic spine D spiracular pore E submarginal seta F spiracle G ventral microduct H leg I1, I2 ventral tubular duct J multilocular pore K1 anal plate K2 ano-genital fold L preopercular pore M dorsal tubercle N dorsal microduct O marginal setae P dorsal tubular duct Q dorsal seta R dermal areolation. Scale bars: 200 μm (B, F, H, K, R); 20 μm (C, O); 10 μm (D, E, G, I, J, L, N, P, Q except A).
Derm membranous. Dermal areolations (Figure
Marginal setae (Figure
Derm membranous. Ventral setae: one or two pairs of long setae, 125–238 μm long, present medially on all abdominal and thoracic segments, and also near each coxa (a few pairs of setae occasionally absent on thoracic segments); three pairs of long setae present between antennae, 225–258 μm long; short setae (Figure
China (Jiangsu and Shanghai)
Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae)
The specific epithet is taken from the genus name of host plant.
The new species is easily distinguished from the two other Leptopulvinaria species by having dorsal tubular ducts, microducts, and setae arranged in a reticulate pattern, and numerous multilocular pores on head and thorax. Moreover, L. sapinda sp. n. has a group of preopercular pores extending from anterior anal plates to prothorax, and has 10–15 dorsal tubercles between each posterior stigmatic cleft and the anal cleft, whereas L. elaeocarpi has a small group of preopercular pores restricted to anterior anal plates, and 1–4 dorsal tubercles between each posterior stigmatic cleft and the anal cleft. In L. kawaii, preopercular pores are absent (or if there are any, then they are difficult to see) and there are only 0–7 dorsal tubercles between each posterior stigmatic cleft and the anal cleft.
During the pre-oviposition period, the adult females of this new species suck plant juices mainly along the main and lateral veins of leaves (Figure
We are grateful to Dr. Hirotaka Tanaka (Ehime University, Faculty of Horticulture, Japan) for providing related papers and giving constructive comments on the manuscript. The manuscript also benefited greatly from the comments provided by Dr. Jinyeong Choi (Seoul National University, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, South Korea) and Dr. Roger Blackman. This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31772488).