(Based on female). Dorsal body setae long, slender, serrate, all set on small tubercles except v2 and sc1, dorsocentral setae c1, e1 and f1 longer than the distance between their base and the bases of next consecutive setae; setae c1 and f1 shorter than distances between c1−c1 and f1−f1 respectively, setae e1 almost as long as distance e1−e1; dorsum with simple striae except area anterior to setae sc1 with lobed striae, striae between setae d1 “V” shaped, genua and tibiae I−IV 5−5−3−3; 9(1)−7−8−8, respectively.

Female (n = 12) (Figures 1–7).

Body oval, color in life greenish yellow. Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 315 (312−325), (including gnathosoma) 396 (390−405), maximum width 221 (218−231).

Dorsum (Figure 1). Propodosoma medially with longitudinal striae; hysterosoma medially with transverse striae except area between setae d1 and e1 forming a V-shaped pattern; dorsal striae simple except anterior of setae sc1 with small lobes; all dorsal setae slender, serrated and sub-equal in length, setae sc2 and hysterosomal setae set on small tubercles; setae v2 almost reaching 2/3 to the distance v2−v2; dorsocentral setae c1, and f1 reaching to past bases of next consecutive setae; setae e1 almost as long as distance e1−f1; setae f1 slightly more widely spaced than e1. Length of dorsal setae: v2 44 (41−45), sc1 56 (53−58), sc2 44 (42−46), c1 50 (47−52), c2 44 (42−45), c3 46 (45−48), d1 53 (51−55), d2 47 (45−49), e1 47 (46−48), e2 44 (42−45), f1 48 (47−50), f2 42 (40−44), h1 42 (40−44); distance between dorsal setae: v2−v2 66 (63−68), sc1−sc1 95 (91−97), sc2−sc2 165 (162−170), c1−c1 63 (60−67), c2−c2 147 (142−150), c3−c3 200 (195−210), d1−d1 95 (92−97), d2−d2 189 (186−191), e1−e1 53 (50−55), e2−e2 158 (155−160), f1−f1 58 (55−64), f2−f2 79 (77−82), h1−h1 34 (33−36), v2−sc1 42 (40−44), sc1−sc2 50 (48−53), sc2−c3 45 (44−47), sc2−c2 53 (52−55), sc2−c1 95 (93−98), c1−c2 44 (42−46), c2−c3 33 (32−36), c1−d1 37 (36−39), c2−d2 68 (66−70), d1−e1 51 (49−52), d2−e2 59 (57−60), e1−f1 42 (40−44), e2−f2 48 (46−50), f1−h1 39 (36−41), f2−h1 25 (22−27).

Venter (Figure 2). Ventral cuticle medially with transverse striae from setae 1a to setae g1, length of ventral setae: 1a 50 (48−53), 3a 42 (41−44), 4a 44 (43−46), 1b 42 (40−45), 1c 45 (41−46), 2b 42 (40−43), 2c 39 (37−41), 3b 47 (45−49), 4b 42 (41−43); distance between intercoxal and coxae setae: 1a−1a 37 (35−38), 1b−1c 17 (17−18), 3a−3a 79 (77−80), 4a−4a 75 (73−78); aggenital setae: ag 37 (37−38), ag−ag 54 (49−57); genital setae: g1 31 (30−33), g2 32 (31−34), g1−g1 26 (23−28), g2−g2 60 (57−61); anal setae two pairs: ps1 12 (12−13), ps2 12 (11−13), ps1−ps2 8 (8−9), ps1−ps1 21 (20−23), ps2−ps2 17 (17−18); para-anal setae two pairs h2 21 (19−22), h3 19 (18−19), h2−h2 25 (23−26), h3−h3 45 (40−45). All ventral setae simple except h2 and h3 barbed. Spermatheca elongated and sacculus terminally rounded (Figure 2C).

Gnathosoma (Figure 3). Subcapitular setae m 41 (39−43), m−m 31 (29−32) (Figure 2). Palp femur and genu each with one setae d 51 (49−55), l” 43 (40−45); palp tibia with three setae d 34 (31−34), l” 21 (20−22), l’ 13 (13−14) and a palp tibial claw; palp tarsus 17(17−18) long, 13 wide, with 3 simple setae a 13 (12−13), b 9 (9−10), c 13 (13−14), 3 eupathidia suζ 7.5 (7.5−8), width 1.3 (1−1.5), ul’’ζ = ul’ζ 6.5 (6.5−7) width 1.2 (1−1.3), a solenidion ω 5 long width 2 (1.8−2.3) (Figure 3). Stylophore anteriorly rounded; peritremes ending with simple bulb (Figure 1).

Legs (Figures 4–7). Length of legs I−IV (trochanter to pretarsus): 320 (313−323), 263 (255−270), 294 (288−300), 336 (325−340) respectively; leg I: trochanter 21 (19−21), femur 105 (100−109), genu 53 (51−55), tibia 63 (60−68), tarsus 79 (74−82); leg II: trochanter 16 (15−17), femur 95 (91−99), genu 42 (41−44), tibia 53 (51−55), tarsus 58 (54−60); leg III: trochanter 17 (17−18), femur 86 (84−90), genu 44 (42−47), tibia 71 (68−75), tarsus 76 (74−79); leg IV: trochanter 19 (18−20), femur 105 (102−108), genu 47 (45−50), tibia 79 (76−83), tarsus 86 (83−90); legs chaetotaxy I−IV (eupathidia and solenidia in parenthesis): coxae 2−2−1−1; trochanters 1−1−1−1; femora 7−6−2−1; genua 5−5−3−3; tibiae 9(1)−7−8−8; tarsi 12(3ζ, 3ω)−10(3ζ, 2ω)−10(1ω)−10(1ω).

Male (n = 3) (Figures 8–15).

Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 300−310, (including gnathosoma) 350−361, maximum width 237−246.

Dorsum (Figure 8). Propodosoma medially with longitudinal striae; hysterosoma medially with transverse to irregular striae and forming a V-shaped pattern in between setae d1 and e1; all dorsal body setae slender, serrated and sub-equal in length, hysterosomal setae set on small tubercles. Length of dorsal setae: v2 34−38, sc1 35−40, sc2 32−37, c1 31−35, c2 36−39, c3 32−35, d1 29−32, d2 33−35, e1 33−38, e2 32−35, f1 28−33, f2 33−37, h1 23−26, h2 15−19, h3 13−16; distance between dorsal setae: v2−v2 45−50, sc1−sc1 73−80, sc2−sc2 162−173, c1−c1 44−47, c2−c2 112−120, c3−c3 150−162, d1−d1 65−70, d2−d2 136−151, e1−e1 37−41, e2−e2 90−100, f1−f1 35−40, f2−f2 55−60, h1−h1 14−17, h2−h2 10−13, h3−h3 32−36, v2−sc1 28−32, sc1−sc2 32−33, sc2−c3 55−60, sc2−c2 45−50, sc2−c1 55−60, c1−c2 30−34, c2−c3 22−26, c1−d1 39−43, c2−d2 50−56, d1−e1 42−46, d2−e2 35−40, e1−f1 20−24, e2−f2 35−40, f1−h1 36−41, f2−h1 25−30.

Venter (Figure 9). Area between setae 1a to ag with transverse striae; length of ventral setae: 1a 30−33, 3a 31−35, 4a 32−37, 1b 40−45, 1c 40−45, 2b 30−33, 2c 37−41, 3b 36−39, 4b 36−41; distance between setae: 1a−1a 30−36, 1b−1c 17−18, 3a−3a 62−68, 4a−4a 51−58; aggenital setae: ag 15−18, ag−ag 49−54; genital setae: g1 9−13, g2 8−10, g1−g1 14−17, g2−g2 15−18; anal setae two pairs: ps1 10−12, ps2 11−13, ps1−ps2 3−4, ps1−ps1 24−28, ps2−ps2 22−26.

Gnathosoma (Figure 10). Subcapitular setae m 30−34, m−m 27−31 (Figure 9); palp femur and genu each with one setae d 35−41, l” 31−35; palp tibia with three setae d 18−22, l” 21−25, l’ 13−14 and a palp tibial claw; palp tarsus 11−14 long, 10 wide, with 3 simple setae a 9−11, b 7−10, c 8−10, 3 eupathidia suζ 6.5−7, width 0.9 (0.8−1), ulζ = ul’ζ 6−7, width 0.8 (0.7−1) a solenidion ω 4 long width 1 (0.9−1.2) (Figure 10). Stylophore anteriorly rounded; peritremes ending with simple bulb (Figure 8).

Aedeagus (Figure 11) Aedeagus bends dorsad at an angle of 90°; the bent portion narrowly rounded toward tip and blunt distally, shaft 18 long, 7 wide, bent portion 3 long.

Legs (Figures 12–15). Length of legs I−IV (trochanter to pretarsus): 313−328, 235−250, 263−280, 278−295 respectively; legs I−IV chaetotaxy (eupathidia and solenidia in parenthesis): coxae 2−2−1−1; trochanters 1−1−1−1; femora 8−7−4−3; genua 5−5−4−4; tibiae 8(4)−7(3)−8−8; tarsi 11(3ζ, 2ω)−11(3ζ, 2ω)−10(1ω)−10(1ω).

unknown.

The species name is derived from name of the host plant species, Indigofera spinosa, of which type specimens were collected.

Holotype female and four paratype females, Indigofera spinosa (Leguminosae), Al- Shifa road, Taif, 21°05.824'N, 040°19.111'E, elevation 2102 m, 11 Oct 2016, leg. M Kamran and M Rehman; five paratype females, Indigofera spinosa (Leguminosae), As Sayl Saghir, Taif, 21°30.521'N, 040°28.202'E, elevation 1516 m, 10 Sept 2017, leg. Eid M Khan and M Rehman; two paratype females, Indigofera spinose (Leguminosae), Al Sayl Kabeer, Taif, 21°37.371'N, 040°24.212'E, elevation 1240 m, 15 Sept 2017, leg. Eid M Khan and M Rehman.

Eutetranychus spinosus sp. n. belongs to the banksi species group. It closely resembles E. namibianus Meyer 1987 because both have same legs chaetotaxy (Table 1) and dorsal striae pattern. However, the new species differs from E. namibianus by all dorsal setae slender, much longer, mostly longer than the distance between their base and the bases of next consecutive setae vs. all dorsal setae sub-spatulate, small, far behind the bases of next consecutive setae, setae c1 and e1 crossing the bases of next consecutive setae vs. reaching less than half distance to the bases of setae next in line and all hysterosomal setae set on strong tubercles vs. only some setae on opisthosoma set on tubercles in E. namibianus. The new species also resembles E. acaciae Miller 1966 because both have all dorsal setae slender, much longer, and mostly longer than the distance between their base and the bases of next consecutive setae. The new species can be separated from E. acaciae by setae f1 slightly more widely spaced as setae e1 vs. f1 two time more widely spaced as compare to e1, differences in legs chaetotaxy, genua I−IV with 5−5−4/3−3 vs. 3−3−1−1 and femora II & III with 6 & 2 vs. 4 & 3, respectively in E. acaciae.

Dorsal body setae slender and serrate, all set on small tubercles; hysterosoma medially with transverse striae; propodosoma with lobed striae, hysterosomal striae simple (without lobes); stylophore slightly notched anteriorly; leg I shorter than body length; femora, genua, tibiae and tarsi I−IV: 5−4−2−1; 4−4−1−2; 6 (1)−5−4−4; 12(3ζ, 2ω)−11(3ζ, 1ω)−10(1ω)−10(1ω), respectively.

Female (n = 8) (Figures 16–22). Body oval; length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 347 (340−355), (including gnathosoma) 425 (415−430) and maximum width 263 (255−270).

Dorsum (Figure 16). Propodosoma medially with longitudinal striae, propodosoma with lobed striae, hysterososma medially with transverse striae, hysterosoma with simple striae; dorsal body setae slender and serrate, all dorsal setae with small tubercles, setae v2 reaching about two third to the distance v2−v2, reaching to the base of setae sc1; most hysterosomal setae distinctly shorter than distances of setae next row distance f1−f1 almost as long as d1−d1 but more widely spaced than c1−c1 and e1−e1. Length of dorsal setae: v2 34 (32−36), sc1 37 (36−38), sc2 32 (32−33), c1 24 (24−25), c2 36 (35−36), c3 23 (22−23), d1 33 (33−35), d2 38 (36−38), e1 37 (36−38), e2 42 (40−44), f1 39 (36−41), f2 26 (24−27), h1 28 (27−29); distances between dorsal setae: v2−v2 53 (51−55), sc1−sc1 95 (93−96), sc2−sc2 163 (160−165), c1−c1 58 (55−59), c2−c2 168 (160−170), c3−c3 263 (260−268), d1−d1 95(93−97), d2−d2 179 (174−185), e1−e1 63 (61−66), e2−e2 168 (163−170), f1−f1 73 (70−75), f2−f2 100 (97−102), h1−h1 26 (25−28), v2−sc1 27 (26−29), sc1−sc2 43 (42−45), sc2−c3 89 (87−90), sc2−c2 58 (57−59), sc2−c1 86 (85−87), c1−c2 53 (52−55), c2−c3 50 (50−52), d1−d2 48 (47−49), e1−e2 47 (46−48), f1−f2 21 (20−22), c1−d1 63 (60−64), c2−d2 74 (73−75), d1−e1 68 (66−69), d2−e2 74 (73−75), e1−f1 42 (41−43), e2−f2 53 (52−54), f1−h1 40 (39−41), f2−h1 37 (36−38).

Venter (Figure 17). Area between setae 1a−g1 with transverse striae. Length of ventral setae: 1a 37 (34−38), 3a 39 (39−40), 4a 40 (41−42), 1b 44 (41−44), 1c 43 (42−44), 2c 37 (35−38), 3b 36 (35−38), 4b 36 (33–37); distances between intercoxal and coxae setae: 1a−1a 53 (51−54), 3a−3a 68 (66−70), 4a−4a 95 (92−97); agential setae ag 42 (37−43), ag−ag 85 (83−86); genital setae: g1 33 (30−33), g2 32 (30−32), g1−g1 25 (24−26), g2−g2 81 (76−85); anal setae two pairs: ps1= ps2 14 (13−15), ps1−ps1 23 (21−23), ps2−ps2 23 (22−23); para−anal setae two pairs: h2 28 (27−28), h3 26 (26−28), h2−h2 31 (29−34), h3−h3 75 (72−77); all ventral setae simple except h2 and h3 slightly barbed. Spermatheca not clear.

Gnathosoma (Figure 18). Subcapitular setae m 23 (22−25), m−m 42 (39−44) (Figure 17). Palp femur and genu each with one setae, d 40 (39−44), l” 42 (40−43); palp tibia with three setae d 16 (14−17), l” 23 (21−25), l’ 23 (21−25) and a palp tibial claw; palp tarsus 16 (16−17) long, 11 (11−12) wide at base, with three setae a 7 (7−8), b 7 (6−7) both simple, c 13 (12−13) slightly barbed, three eupathidia suζ’’ 7 (6.5−7) long, 1.60 wide, ul’’ζ 6, ul’ζ 6 and one solenidion ω 5 width 1.7 (1.5−2) (Figure 18). Stylophore anteriorly slightly notched; peritreme ending with a simple bulb (Figure 16).

Legs (Figures 19–22). Length of legs I−IV (trochanter to pretarsus): 257 (250−265), 221 (216−225), 215 (210−225), 242 (235−250) respectively; leg I: trochanter 24 (23−25), femur 105 (102−107), genu 58 (54−63), tibia 57 (54−59), tarsus 68 (66−70); leg II: trochanter 30 (29−33), femur 95 (92−98), genu 53 (50−55), tibia 48 (46−50), tarsus 63 (61−65); leg III: trochanter 32 (30−34), femur 74 (71−75), genu 40 (39−41), tibia 68 (66−70), tarsus 68 (66−70); leg IV: trochanter 32 (30−35), femur 95 (91−98), genu 42 (40−45), tibia 74 (71−76), tarsus 70 (69−73); chaetotaxy of legs I−IV (eupathidia and solenidia in parenthesis): coxae 2−1−1−1, trochanters 1−1−1−1, femora 5−4−2−1, genua 4−4−1−2, tibiae 6(1)−5−4−4, tarsi 12(3ζ, 2ω)−11(3ζ, 1ω)−10(1ω)−10(1ω).

Male (n = 2) (Figures 23–30).

Body oval; Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 236−246, (including gnathosoma) 335−353, maximum width 154−165.

Dorsum (Figure 23). Propodosoma medially with longitudinal striae; hysterosoma medially with transverse striae; all dorsal body setae slender, serrate and sub-equal in length, setae sc2 and hysterosomal setae with small tubercles. Length of dorsal setae: v2 19−21, sc1 18−20, sc2 20−24, c1 19−22, c2 24−28, c3 21−24, d1 20−23, d2 25−27, e1 24−26, e2 20−24, f1 28−33, f2 20−23, h1 19−21, h2 9−11, h3 12−13; distance between dorsal setae: v2−v2 48−54, sc1−sc1 80−85, sc2−sc2 143−148, c1−c1 35−37, c2−c2 115−120, c3−c3 160−164, d1−d1 63−65, d2−d2 120−125, e1−e1 32−36, e2−e2 86−90, f1−f1 42−43, f2−f2 68−70, h1−h1 25−27, h2−h2 17−19, h3−h3 38−40, v2−sc1 32−33, sc1−sc2 36−38, sc2−c3 43−45, sc2−c2 32−34, sc2−c1 60−63, c1−c2 37−38, c2−c3 26−28, c1−d1 24−26, c2−d2 37−38, d1−e1 42−45, d2−e2 32−34, e1−f1 43−45, e2−f2 38−40, f1−h1 22−22, f2−h1 28−30.

Venter (Figure 24). Idiosoma ventrally with transverse striae from setae 1a−ag. Length of ventral setae; 1a 35−38, 3a 22−24, 4a 26−28, 1b 45−48, 1c 42−47, 2b 26−30, 3b 30−33, 4b 27−28; distance between setae: 1a−1a 55−58, 1b−1c 13−16, 3a−3a 44−47, 4a−4a 62−65; aggenital setae: ag 14−16, ag−ag 10−11; genital setae: g1 10−11, g2 11−12, g1−g1 16−17, g2−g2 24−26; anal setae two pairs: ps1 8−9, ps2 12−13, ps1−ps1 8−9, ps1−ps2 6−7.

Gnathosoma (Figure 25). Subcapitular setae m 24−28, m−m 30−31 (Figure 24); palp femur and genu each with one setae d 20−22, l” 26; palp tibia with three setae d 12−13, l” 17−19, l’ 8 and a palp tibial claw; palp tarsus 11 long, 8 wide, with 3 simple setae a 7−8, b 6, c 10−11, 3 eupathidia ul’’ζ = ul’ζ 6−7, width 0.7 (0.6−0.9) suζ 4, 0.6 (0.5−0.7) a solenidion ω 3.5 long, width 1 (0.9−1.2) (Figure 25). Stylophore slightly notched; peritremes with simple bulb terminaly (Figure 23).

Aedeagus (Figure 26) bends dorsad at an angle of 90°; the bent portion blunt distally, shaft 8 long, 4 wide, bent portion 2.5 long.

Legs (Figures 27–30). Length of legs I−IV (trochanter to pretarsus): 315−325, 269−275, 265−271, 268−275 respectively; chaetotaxy of legs I−IV (eupathidia and solenidia in parenthesis): coxae 2−1−1−1, trochanters 1−1−1−1, femora 8−6−4−1, genua 5−5−2−2, tibiae 9(4)−5(3)−5−4, tarsi 11(2ζ, 2ω)−11(3ζ, 2ω)−10(1ω)−10(1ω).

Unknown.

The species name is derived from the transverse striations on dorsal hysterosoma.

Holotype female and four paratype females, Juniperus procera Hochst. Ex Endl. (Cupressaceae), Al-Shifa road, Taif, 21°04.690'N, 040°18.928'E, elevation 2244 m, 11 Oct 2016, leg. M Kamran and M Rehman; three paratype females, J. procera , Ash Shifa road, Taif, 21°06.481'N, 040°20.526'E, elevation 2133 m, 12 Sept 2017, leg. Eid M Khan and M Rehman.

Eutetranychus neotransversus sp. n. belongs to orientalis species group. It closely resembles E. transverstriatus Smiley & Baker, 1995 because the entire hysterosoma dorsomedially in both bear transverse striations. The new species is different from E. transverstriatus by stylophore anteriorly slightly notched vs. rounded; hysterosomal striae without lobes vs. with distinct lobed striae; number of setae on femora I−IV 5−4−2−1 vs. 7−7−4−3; genu III 1 vs. 2 and tibiae I−IV 6(1)−5−4−4 vs. 10−6−6−6 in E. transverstriatus (Table 1).

Eight females, Washingtonia sp. (Arecaceae), Taif, 21°17.220'N, 040°21.963'E, elevation 1736 m, 11 Oct 2016, leg. M Kamran and M Rehman; seven females, Washingtonia sp., Tabuk, 28°23.754'N, 036°32.81'E.

Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Attiah 1967, Palevsky et al. 2010); the desert fan palm, Washingtonia filifera Lindley, Wendland; doum palm, Hyphaene thebaica L. Martius; Canary Island palm, Phoenix canariensis Chabaud; mountain date palm, Phoenix loureiroi (Ben-David et al. 2007). Alatawi (2011) misidentified specimens of E. orientalis as E. palmatus collected from Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex. Poiret (Cucurbitaceae).

Egypt, Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia.

of female (n = 15) (Figures 31–38)

Body oval, color in life greenish yellow. Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 414−425, (including gnathosoma) 435−455 and maximum width 325−345.

Dorsum (Figure 31). Dorsum with lobed striae, propodosoma medially with longitudinal striae, hysterosoma medially with transverse striae except area between setae d1 and e1 longitudinal or “V” shaped pattern; dorsal setae serrate, slightly lanceolate, setae c1, d1, e1 reaching less than half to the distance of next consecutive setae; all dorsal setae without tubercles, propodosomal setae v2 reaching about two third to the distance v2−v2 and reaching to the bases of setae sc1, setae c3, d2, e2, f2, h1 and all propodosomal setae relatively longer than dorsocentral setae c1, d1, e1. Length of dorsal setae: v2 47−52, sc1 30−33, sc2 30−34, c1 17−19, c2 20−22, c3 25−29, d1 20−23, d2 28−31, e1 21−25, e2 27−32, f1 25−30, f2 32−37, h1 32−37; distance between dorsal setae: v2−v2 63−70, sc1−sc1 125−133, sc2−sc2 234−245, c1−c1 67−73, c2−c2 184−195, c3−c3 280−296, d1−d1 123−140, d2−d2 245−255, e1−e1 55−62, e2−e2 172−181, f1−f1 44−47, f2−f2 116−130, h1−h1 48−52, v2−sc1 40−43, sc1−sc2 46−50, sc2−c3 79−84, sc2−c2 72−78, sc2−c1 116−127, c1−c2 57−60, c2−c3 53−57, c1−d1 59−63, c2−d2 93−97, d1−e1 66−74, d2−e2 88−94, e1−f1 47−50, e2−f2 62−66, f1−h1 62−67, f2−h1 42−45.

Venter (Figures 32, 34). Ventral integument with transverse striae between setae 1a to g1. Length of ventral setae; 1a 39−43, 3a 30−34, 4a 41−44, 1b 35−39, 1c 42−47, 2c 36−40, 3b 29−33, 4b 42−46; distance between intercoxal and coxae setae: 1a−1a 40−43, 1b−1c 10−11), 3a−3a 63−66, 4a−4a 82−88; aggenital setae: ag 29−32, ag−ag 51−55; genital setae: g1 30−34, g2 26−31, g1−g1 28−32, g2−g2 61−66; anal setae two pairs: ps1 11−13, ps2 10−11, ps1−ps1 16−18, ps1−ps2 22−26; para anal setae two pairs: h2 18−20, h3 23−27, h2−h2 16−17, h3−h3 46−50, para-anal setae h2 and h3 finely serrated. Spermatheca oval, elongated and sacculus terminally rounded or slightly pointed as shown in figure 34.

Gnathosoma (Figure 31). Subcapitular setae m 30−34, m−m 37−42 (Figure 32). Palp femur and genu each with one setae d 45−49, l” 32−37; palp tibia with three setae d 24−27, l” 21−24, l’ 15−16 and a palp tibial claw; palp tarsus 19 long, 14 wide, with 3 simple setae a 10−11, b 9−10, c 13−14, 3 eupathidia suζ 9, width 1.35−1.7, ul’’ζ = ul’ζ 7−8, width 1.3−1.6 a solenidion ω 5 long, width 1.9−2.2 (Figure 33). Stylophore anteriorly slightly notched; peritremes ending with simple bulb (Figure 31).

Legs (Figures 35–38). Length of legs I−IV (trochanter to pretarsus): 320−340, 285−300, 280−295, 335−350 respectively; leg I 320−340: trochanter 30−33, femur 112−125, genu 61−68, tibia 63−72, tarsus 61−67; leg II 285−300: trochanter 30−33, femur 88−93, genu 50−55, tibia 46−50, tarsus 67−72; leg III 280−295: trochanter 25−30, femur 95 93−99, genu 30−33, tibia 58−63, tarsus 76−80; leg IV 335—350: trochanter 25−29, femur 110−117, genu 48−55, tibia 73−79, tarsi 77−82; legs chaetotaxy I−IV (solenidia in parenthesis): coxae 2−1−1−1, trochanters 1−1−1−1; femora 8−7−4−1; genua 5−5−2−2; tibiae 9(1) −6−6−7; tarsi 12 (3ζ, 3ω) −10(3ζ, 1ω) −10(1ω) −10(1ω).

Male (n= 4) (Figures 39–46)

Body oval, length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 340−355, (including gnathosoma) 405−425 and maximum width 206−220.

Dorsum (Figure 39). Propodosoma medially with longitudinal striae, area between setae c1−d1 with transverse striae and e1−h1 with oblique striae; all dorsal setae short and slightly lanceolate, and without tubercles; length of dorsal setae: v2 30−32, sc1 28−33, sc2 21−24, c1 15−17, c2 19−22, c3 20−24, d1 14−16, d2 14−17, e1 16−19, e2 19−22, f1 16−18, f2 19−22, h1 25−28, h2 9−12, h3 11−13; distance between dorsal setae: v2−v2 60−68, sc1−sc1 90−103, sc2−sc2 180−195, c1−c1 45−52, c2−c2 115−125, c3−c3 180−196, d1−d1 80−89, d2−d2 130−142, e1−e1 38−44, e2−e2 80−89, f1−f1 35−40, f2−f2 65−70, h1−h1 25−30, h2−h2 11−13, h3−h3 41−48, v2−sc1 36−42, sc1−sc2 30−34, sc2−c3 75−84, sc2−c2 64−70, sc2−c1 86−96, c1−c2 38−42, c2−c3 33−37, c1−d1 45−50, c2−d2 55−61, d1−e1 46−54, d2−e2 55−60, e1−f1 39−45, e2−f2 38−43, f1−h1 32−35, f2−h1 25−31.

Venter (Figure 40). Idiosoma ventrally with transverse striae; length of ventral setae; 1a 30−32, 3a 20−24, 4a 24−28, 1b 35−39, 1c 42−47, 2b 28−30, 3b 39−43, 4b 42−46, distance between setae: 1a−1a 34−38, 1b−1c 10−11, 3a−3a 38−45, 4a−4a 38−42; aggenital setae: ag 20−22, ag−ag 6−7; genital setae: g1 9−11, g2 10−11, g1−g1 16−17, g2−g2 25−28; anal setae two pairs: ps1 9−11, ps2 11−12, ps1−ps1 19−21, ps1−ps2 7.

Gnathosoma (Figure 41). Subcapitular setae m 27−29, m−m 30−33 (Figure 40); palp femur and genu each with one setae de 38−41, l” 21−25; palp tibia with three setae d 16−20, l” 21−25, l’ 13−14 and a palp tibial claw; palp tarsus 9−10 long, 12 wide, with 3 simple setae a 7 −8, b 8, c 9−10, 3 eupathidia ul’’ζ = ul’ζ 6.5−7, width 1 (0.9−1) suζ 4, width 0.7−0.9 a solenidion ω 3 long, width 1.2−1.7 (Figure 41). Stylophore notched; peritremes ending with simple bulb (Figure 39).

Aedeagus (Figure 42) bends dorsad at an angle of 70°; aedeagal knob pointed distally, shaft 10 long, 3.4 wide, bent portion 2.8 long.

Legs (Figures 43–46). Length of legs I−IV (trochanter to pretarsus): 470−485, 385−400, 402−425, 399−420 respectively; legs I−IV chaetotaxy (solenidia in parenthesis): coxae 2−1−1−1, trochanters 1−1−1−1; femora 8−7−4−1/2; genua 5−5−2−2; tibiae 9(3) −6(2)−6(1)−7; tarsi 12 (2ζ, 3ω)−10(3ζ, 2ω) −10(1ω)−10(1ω).

Eutetranychus palmatus Attiah, 1967 is different from all other species of the genus Eutetranychus by having all dorsal body setae without tubercles. It was described and illustrated from date palm trees in Egypt (Attiah 1967), but its original description was briefly and incomplete i.e. leg chaetotaxy, length and distance of dorsal setae were not provided. Meyer (1987) identified some specimens as E. palmatus from date palms from Israel and provided legs chaetotaxy without illustrations. Chaetotaxy of E. palmatus specimens collected from Washingtonia sp. from Saudi Arabia is same as mentioned by Meyer (1987) except differences on femora II and III 7−4 vs. 6−2 in the specimens from Israel. However, femur III with three setae was illustrated in original illustrations (Attiah 1967). Moreover, Attiah (1967) and Meyer (1987) observed striations of prodorsum longitudinal and undulating in this species. Undulation in prodorsal striations usually happened during mounting is not important diagnostic character to differentiate the species of the genus Eutetranychus. Also, in this species striae between setae d1 and e1 were either longitudinal (Figure 31A) or “V” shaped (Figure 31B).

Martin 1972, Alatawi 2011.

Twenty seven females, Citrus sp., Education Farm, King Saud University, Riyadh, 24°44.253'N, 46°37.225'E, 01 Feb 02 Apr 2009, 26 Oct 01 Nov 2010, 14, 24 Apr 2011, leg. J Basahih, and T Martibi; one female, Citrus sp., Dariyah, Riyadh, 24°44.866'N, 46°34.624'E, 02 Feb 2009, leg. J Basahih; seven females, Vitis vinifera and Citrus sp., Ammaria, Riyadh, 24°49.194'N, 46°28.163'E, 12 Apr 2009, 10 Mar 2011, leg. W Negm; five females, Hayer, Riyadh, 24°23.611'N, 46°49.464'E, 28 Apr 2009, leg. J Basahih; two females, Rhodat ul Khoraim, Riyadh, 03, 9 May 2009, leg. J Basahih;, three females, Citrus sp., Waseel, Riyadh, 24°48.786'N, 46°31.180'E, 11 Oct 2009, 23 Apr 2010, leg. J Basahih; four females, Citrus sp., Juniperus sp., and Grasses under P. dactylifera, near students housing King Saud University, Riyadh, 24°43.484'N, 46°36.985'E, 20 Sep 2010, 28 Mar 2011, leg. J Basahih; eight females, P. dactylifera, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud University, Riyadh, 24°48.759'N, 46°42.735'E, 13, 27 Dec 2010, 01, 25 Jan 25, 23 Mar 2011, leg. J Basahih ; twelve females, Citrus sp., Nijran, 18 Apr 28 Sept 2011, leg. Jaid; six females, Citrus sp. Qassim, 26°00.612'N, 044°00.166'E, 26 May 2011, leg. J. Basihih and A. Majeed; two females, Acacia sp., and soil under P. dactylifera Al-Madina, 24°26.335'N, 39°36.866'E, 19 Jun 13 Oct 2011, leg. M Kamran and W Negm; eleven females, Datura sp., and Citrus sp., Wadi Namar, Riyadh, 24°34'18.9N, 46°40'40.4E, 14 Oct 2012, leg. M Kamran; two females, Nerium oleander, Dariyah, Riyadh, 24°44.866'N, 46°34.624'E, 5 Apr 2014, 18 Mar 2015 leg. M Kamran; two females, Tamarix sp. and Saccharum sp., Deesa valley, Tabuk, 27°36'049N, 36°25'785E, 17, 18 Oct 2015, leg. M Kamran; two females, P. dactylifora, Al-Sail Kabeer, Taif, 21°33.882'N, 040°18.048'E, 15 Oct 2016, leg. M Kamran and M Rehman; two females, Citrus sp., Khayber, 25°34.563'N, 39°19.375'E, 1 Nov 2016, leg. M Kamran and E M Khan; nine females, Citrus sp., Ziziphus sp., and Albizia sp., Al-Ula, 26°48.757'N, 37°58.241'E, 2 Nov 2016, leg. M Kamran and E M Khan; twenty five females, Citrus sp., Mangifera sp., P. dactylifera, Olea sp., Psidium sp., Azadirachta sp., and Ficus sp., Al-Ula, 26°39.923'N, 37°55.032'E. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 May 2017, leg. E M Khan and M Rehman.

Variations within the different populations of Eutetranychus orientalis.

Morphological variations of Eutetranychus orientalis in 91 female specimens that were collected from 28 various host plants and 80 different localities in six regions of Saudi Arabia during 2009 to 2017 are shown in Figures 47A−H, 48, and 49. The lengths and shapes of dorsal body setae, striation patterns between setae d1 and e1, and chaetotaxy of leg segments including femora and tibiae have been presented in Table 1.

The most prominent variations within in E. orientalis populations are in the length and shape of dorsal setae. These variations including, dorsocentral setae length [c1 (10−51), d1 (12−50), e1 (14−41) and f1 (10−45)] and shape [oblanceolate, ovate, obovate, subspatulate and spatulate] (Figure 47A−H). Also, these setae were either very short far behind the bases of next consecutive setae (Figure 47B, D, E, G), reaching one third to half (Figure 47A, F) or almost extending to the bases of next consecutive setae (Figure 47C, F, H). Dorsal setae sc1, sc2, c2, c3, d2, e2, f2, and h1 were also varied in shape (oblanceolate, subspatulate, spatulate, slender), mostly among the specimens of different populations. The same variations in these dorsal setae have been recorded in populations of this species collected from different countries (Baker and Pritchard 1960, Chaudhri et al. 1974, Meyer 1974, Meyer 1987, Khanjani et al. 2017).

Striations patterns between the dorsocentral setae d1 and e1 varied either forming “V” shaped pattern (n = 80; Figure 47A-E, G, H) or a longitudinal pattern (n = 11; Figure 47F) and varied even among the specimens of the same population. Similar variations in dorsal striation patterns have also been observed by Chaudhri et al. (1974), Meyer (1987), and Khanjani et al. (2017).

Moreover, all dorsal setae in E. orientalis collected in this study are set on tubercles; lateral setae are on prominent tubercles as compared to dorsocentral setae (c1, d1, and e1) which are mostly set on relatively smaller tubercles (n = 73). However, in some specimens setae c1, d1, and e1 are without distinct tubercles (n = 19) as shown in Figure 47D, G. This variation was observed even among the individuals of a single population collected in the current study. A similar variation has been illustrated by Chaudhri et al. (1974). However, E. orientalis dorsocentral setae c1, d1, and e1 were described and illustrated only on small tubercles (Meyer 1987, Khanjani et al. 2017).

Our observations also showed that legs setal count was fixed in E. orientalis on coxae, trochanters, and genua I−IV (2−1−1−1, 1−1−1−1 and 5−5−2−2), respectively (see Table 1). Chaetotaxy on leg femora and tibiae were observed mostly as I−IV (8−6−3−1) and (9(1)−6−6−7), respectively. The differences in legs chaetotaxy of the specimens of E. orientalis belonging to the same and different populations were observed on femora I 7 (n = 3), 7/8 (n = 10); femora II 5/6 (n = 2), 6/7 (n = 2); femora III 3/4 (n = 10), 3 (n = 40); 4 (n = 23), 2/3 (n = 3); femora IV 1/2 (n = 8); on tibiae I 8/9 (1) (n = 7), 8 (1); tibia II 6/7 (n = 3); tibia III 6/5 (n = 2); tibia IV 7/6 setae (n = 2) in the current study, similar to the variations on femora and tibiae documented by Khanjani et al. (2017) in E. orientalis populations collected from Iran and Australia.

The spermathecal sacculus terminally varied from rounded to slightly pointed in some specimens of this study (Figures 48A, 49A). Also, the length of the spinneret on the palp tarsus varied from three to four times compared to its width. Similarly, Khanjani et al. (2017) reported that shape of spermathecal sacculus varied distally from rounded to pointed and that spinneret length also varied in E. orientalis. However, Meyer (1987) considered variations in shape of spermathecal sacculus (rounded or pointed distally) and length of spinneret (3 to 4 times as long as its width) as a method to differentiate E. fici Meyer from E. orientalis.

The morphological variations in E. orientalis have resulted in misidentifications and additions of new species in the genus Eutetranychus. Because some morphological variations have now been reported in E. orientalis, four species Anychus ricini Rahman & Sapra, 1940, E. monodi André, 1954, E. sudanicus El Badry, 1970, and E. annecki Meyer, 1974 were synonymized with E. orientalis by Meyer (1987) and Bolland et al. (1998).

Eutetranychus fici Meyer, reported from Africa, was separated from E. orientalis by the slightly longer dorsocentral setae, shape of spermathecal sacculus, and length of palp spinneret (Table 2; Meyer 1987). The three species E. pruni, E. ricinus, and E. sanaae reported from Yemen were differentiated from E. orientalis by variation in the number of setae on femora I and IV, shapes of dorsal setae, and striation pattern between setae d1 and e1 (Smiley and Baker 1995). Eutetranychus phaseoli Nassar & Ghai, 1981 reported from India was separated from E. orientalis based on the difference in numbers of setae on femur I and distances between dorsal setae e1 and f1 (see also Table 2). The two species E. guangdongensis and E. xianensis, reported from China, were distinguished from E. orientalis and E. banksi, respectively, based only on differences in lengths of dorsal setae (Ma and Yuan 1982) (Table 2). However, the leg chaetotaxy of these two species were mentioned in the original descriptions as being similar in E. orientalis (Ma and Yuan 1982) (Table 2).

Because these seven species have been differentiated in their original descriptions by only one or more variable characters which have also been observed in E. orientalis populations (Chaudhri et al. 1974, Meyer 1987, Khanjani et al. 2017) as well as this study (see Table. 2), these seven Eutetranychus species (E. phaseoli, E. guangdongensis, E. xianensis, E. fici, E. pruni, E. ricinus, and E. sanaae) are suggested as synonyms of E. orientalis in this study.

Female, from Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Eutetranychus papayensis was described with coxae I−IV 2−2−2−2 (whereas they illustrate 2−2−1−1 setae) and three pairs of anal setae. Also, the empodium of this species were neither described nor illustrated. So, based on these characters together, E. papayensis can neither be placed in Eutetranychus nor even in other genera of the family Tetranychidae.The first author has informed us that type specimens of this species have been lost. Therefore, E. papayensis is considered as a species inquirenda.

After excluding those seven species which we suggest as synonyms and one species inquirenda, the genus Eutetranychus includes 28 species (including the new species described herein) and is divided into two species groups based on the number of setae (one or two) on coxae II: the species group orientalis has one seta on coxa II (12 species) and the species group banksi has two setae on coxa II (16 species). The number of setae on coxae II has been considered as a solid morphometric character founded to be strongly constant in all specimens of each Eutetranychus species (Pritchard and Baker 1955, Baker and Pritchard 1960, Chaudhri et al. 1974, Meyer 1974, 1987, Khanjani et al. 2017).