Research Article |
Corresponding author: Vikas Kumar ( vikaszsi77@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Jeremy Miller
© 2018 John T.D. Caleb, S.K. Sajan, Vikas Kumar.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Caleb JTD, Sajan SK, Kumar V (2018) New jumping spiders from the alpine meadows of the Valley of Flowers, western Himalayas, India (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 783: 113-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.783.25225
|
Two new jumping spider species: Nandicius vallisflorum sp. n., (♀) and Pellenes himalaya sp. n. (♂, ♀), are diagnosed, described and illustrated in detail. The specimens were collected from the Valley of Flowers, western Himalayas, Uttarakhand State of India.
Nandicius , Pellenes , new species, Uttarakhand, taxonomy
The Indian salticid diversity is represented by 245 species in 79 genera (
The genus Nandicius Prószyński, 2016 contains eight valid species from Asia, of which two species, N. frigidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) and N. mussooriensis (Prószyński, 1992) are known from India (
Specimens were hand collected and preserved in 70% ethanol. Morphological examination and photography were performed under a Leica EZ4 HD stereomicroscope. Detailed micro-photographs were obtained using a Leica M205A stereomicroscope attached with Leica DFC500 HD camera enabled with a Leica Application Suite (LAS) version 3.8. Epigyne was dissected and macerated in 10% KOH to clear soft tissue. Temporary preparations were observed and photographed using a Leica DM1000 compound microscope attached with a Leica EC3 camera. Line drawings were prepared with the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) (
Abbreviations used in the text are as follows:
AER anterior eye row;
ALE anterior lateral eye;
AME anterior median eye;
CBP central blind pocket;
CTA compound terminal apophysis;
FL eye field length;
PER posterior eye row;
PLE posterior lateral eye;
PME posterior median eye;
RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis.
Female (ZSI-CDT-AA1649) from Valley of Flowers (30.72362°N, 79.58764°E), 3567 m a.s.l., Chamoli District, Uttarakhand, India, 16 June 2017, S.K. Sajan & party.
The specific name is derived from the location ‘valley of flowers’ (‘vallis florum’ in Latin).
Female of N. vallisflorum sp. n. can be distinguished from other congeners except N. mussooriensis (Prószyński, 1992) in having an epigyne with crescent shaped sclerotized margins within which the copulatory openings are present (cf. Figs
Female (holotype). Total length: 4.59; carapace: 1.87 long, 1.45 wide; abdomen: 2.74 long, 1.84 wide. Carapace dark brown, with a light brown median patch present at the posterior region; the outer edge of carapace covered with pale white setae (Figure
Male. Unknown.
India (Uttarakhand).
Male (ZSI-CDT-AA1636) from Valley of Flowers (30.71142°N, 79.59615°E), 3256 m a.s.l., Chamoli District, Uttarakhand, India, 10 June 2017, leg. Pritam Kumar Dey.
3 females (ZSI-CDT-AA1644, 1637, 1638); 3 males (ZSI-CDT-AA1645 to 1647) and 2 subadults (ZSI-CDT-AA 1639, 1648) from same location, 10.06.2017, leg. S.K. Sajan, Pritam Kumar Dey & Soumyasree Sen.
The specific name is a noun in apposition, referring to the great Himalayan Mountain range from where the species was collected.
The males of P. himalaya sp. n. can be readily distinguished from other congeners except P. allegrii Caporiccao, 1935, P. pamiricus Logunov, Marusik & Rakov, 1999 and P. bitaeniata (Keyserling, 1882) in having a similar embolic division and CTA. From P. allegrii it can be distinguished by the RTA directed at 12 o’ clock position (curving dorsally and directed at 1 o’ clock position in P. allegrii; cf. Figs
Male (holotype AA1636). Total length: 5.74; carapace: 2.88 long, 2.28 wide; abdomen: 3.07 long, 2.43 wide. Carapace black, covered with black hairs and leaf-like dull yellowish scales (Figs
Female (paratype AA1644). Total length: 6.59; carapace: 2.65 long, 2.11 wide; abdomen: 3.97 long, 2.86 wide. Eye measurements: AME 0.44, ALE 0.24, PME 0.08, PLE 0.22, AER 1.49, PER 1.55, EFL 1.03. Clypeus height 0.35. Leg measurements: I 4.69 (1.43, 1.00, 0.96, 0.73, 0.57); II 4.01 (1.29, 0.88, 0.72, 0.59, 0.53); III 5.11 (1.65, 0.97, 0.98, 0.89, 0.62); IV 5.32 (1.67, 0.85, 1.06, 1.01, 0.73). Leg formula: 4312. Spination. Legs: femora I 0500, II 0500, III 0500, IV 0300; patellae I 0000, II 1000, III 1010, IV 1000; tibiae I 0006, II 0004, III 3023, IV 3024; metatarsi I 0004, II 0004, III 3034, IV 4043; tarsi I–IV 0000. Coloration pattern as in male (Figs
Pellenes himalaya sp. n., 14–17 paratype female (AA1644). 14 general appearance, dorsal view 15 same, lateral view 16 chelicerae, ventral view 17 front view 18 front view of paratype (AA1638) 19 epigyne, ventral view of paratype (AA1638). Scale bars: 1 mm (14–15); 0.5 mm (17–18); 0.2 mm (19).
Pellenes himalaya sp. n., holotype male. 20 male left palp, ventral view 21 same, ventro-lateral view 22, same, retrolateral view 23 same, dorso-lateral view 24 same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (20–24). Abbreviations: CL – cymbial lobe; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; Sd – sperm duct.
India (Uttarakhand).
Body length: Male: 5.04–5.89 (n = 4). Female: 5.47–6.71 (n = 3). The thickness of the band of white hairs on the base of the chelicerae is variable within both males (Figs
Both the new species were collected from the alpine meadows of the VOF (Figure
We are grateful to Dr Kailash Chandra, Director, Zoological Survey of India, for his encouragement and moral support and for providing necessary facilities to carry out the work. John Caleb gratefully acknowledges the American Arachnological Society for the Herb Levi Memorial Fund for Arachnological Research (HLMFAR). Financial support of this project was provided by the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) through National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS) project “Biodiversity Assessment through Long-term Monitoring Plots in Indian Himalayan Landscape (Project ID – NMHS/ 2015-16/LG-05; Project grant number – NMHS/LG2016/0011/8509)” at ZSI. We profusely thank Drs Tamas Szüts, Takeshi Yamasaki, and Wanda Wesołowska for providing critical, constructive comments on the manuscript which greatly improved it. Our sincere thanks go to Dr Jeremy Miller for his editorial efforts.