Checklist |
Corresponding author: Joanne S. Porter ( j.s.porter@hw.ac.uk ) Academic editor: Dennis Gordon
© 2018 Sally Rouse, Jennifer Loxton, Mary E. Spencer Jones, Joanne S. Porter.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Rouse S, Loxton J, Jones MES, Porter JS (2018) A checklist of marine bryozoan taxa in Scottish sea regions. ZooKeys 787: 135-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.787.24647
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Contemporary and historical bryozoan records were compiled to provide a comprehensive checklist of species in Scottish waters. The checklist comprises 218 species in 58 families, with representatives from each of the extant bryozoan orders. The fauna was relatively sparse compared to other regions for which bryozoan checklists were available e.g. New Zealand and Australia. Six non-indigenous bryozoan species from the Scottish seas region were included in the checklist. Baseline information on species distributions, such as that presented in this checklist, can be used to monitor and manage the impact of human activities on the marine environment, and ultimately preserve marine biodiversity.
Bryozoa , distribution, non-indigenous species, Scotland
The phylum Bryozoa comprises approximately 6000 known/described extant species of filter feeding invertebrates that predominantly occur in the marine environment (
All bryozoans are clonal and the colonies can take many different forms including encrusting, erect and arborescent forms (
Bryozoans contribute to ecosystem functioning and services through the provision of three-dimensional structure and habitat for other species, and by serving as a food source for other marine species (
Scotland lays claim to one of the largest marine resources in Europe with over 9910 km of mainland coastline, 8092 km of island coastline, and an estimated 88,600 km2 of territorial seas (
Using these records,
The Scottish sea region was defined according to the ‘Clean Sea Assessment’ in the Scottish Government’s Marine Atlas (
Scottish sea regions. The abbreviations given are used in the checklist. BLY (Bailey), CLD (Clyde), ESH (East Shetland), EST (East Scotland), FDN (Fladen), FRT (Forties), FSC (Faroe-Shetland Channel), FTH (Forth), HBD (Hebrides), MMS (Minches and Malin Sea), MRF (Moray Firth), NSC (North Scotland), RK (Rockall), SFN (Solway Firth and North Channel), WSH (West Shetland).
Historical and contemporary records of bryozoans were obtained from sources including museum collections, literature, and online databases according to the methods of
The checklist is arranged phylogenetically for the higher-level taxa, with the families, genera, and species listed alphabetically. Taxonomy was checked against the World Register of Marine Species (
Table
Checklist of marine bryozoan fauna occurring in the Scottish sea region. Species denoted with an asterisk (*) indicate those considered to be non-indigenous within Scotland.
STENOLAEMATA (30) | |
Order Cyclostomatida (30) | Sub-region |
Family Annectocymidae (2) | |
Annectocyma major (Johnston, 1847) | ESH, MMS, RK, WSH |
Entalophoroecia deflexa (Couch, 1842) | CLD, HBD, MMS, RK |
Family Crisiidae (8) | |
Bicrisia abyssicola Kluge,1962 | HBD, NCS |
Crisia aculeata Hassall,1841 | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Crisia denticulata (Lamarck, 1816) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Crisia eburnea (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Crisia ramosa Harmer, 1891 | HBD, MMS |
Crisidia cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, EST, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Crisiella producta (Smitt, 1865) | CLD, WSH |
Filicrisia geniculata (Milne Edwards, 1838) | CLD, HBD, MMS, |
Family Horneridae (1) | |
Hornera lichenoides (Linnaeus, 1758) | ESH, FSC, RK, WSH |
Family Lichenoporidae (3) | |
Coronopora truncata (Fleming, 1828) | MMS, NCS, RK, WSH |
Disporella hispida (Fleming, 1828) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Patinella verrucaria (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Family Oncousoeciidae (2) | |
Oncousoecia diastoporides (Norman, 1869) | MRF, WSH |
Oncousoecia dilatans (Johnston, 1847) | ESH, MMS, WSH |
Family Plagioeciidae (2) | |
Diplosolen obelia (Johnston, 1838) | CLD, ESH, HBD, MMS, WSH |
Plagioecia patina (Lamarck, 1816) | CLD, EST, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Family Stigmatoechidae (1) | |
Stigmatoechos violacea (M.Sars, 1863) | RK, WSH |
Family Stomatoporidae (2) | |
Stomatopora gingrina Jullien, 1882 | RK |
Stomatoporina incurvata (Hincks, 1859) | MMS, MRF |
Family Terviidae (1) | |
Tervia irregularis (Meneghini, 1844) | RK |
Family Tubuliporidae (8) | |
Exidmonea atlantica (Forbes in Johnston, 1847) | MMS, RK, WSH |
Tubulipora aperta Harmer, 1898 | EST, FTH, NCS |
Tubulipora flabellaris (O. Fabricius, 1780) | CLD |
Tubulipora liliacea (Pallas, 1766) | CLD, EST, FTH, FRT, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, WSH |
Tubulipora lobifera Hastings, 1963 | CLD, MMS, MRF, NCS |
Tubulipora penicillata (O. Fabricius, 1780) | MMS, MRF |
Tubulipora phalangea Couch, 1844 | HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Tubulipora plumosa Thompson in Harmer, 1898 | EST, FTH, MMS, NCS, WSH |
GYMNOLAEMATA (189) | |
Order Ctenostomatida (27) | |
Family Alcyonidiidae (8) | |
Alcyonidioides mytili (Dalyell, 1848) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Alcyonidium albidum Alder, 1857 | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Alcyonidium diaphanum (Hudson, 1778) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, FRT, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, SFN, WSH |
Alcyonidium gelatinosum (Linnaeus, 1761) | CLD, EST, FTH, FRT, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Alcyonidium hirsutum (Fleming, 1828) | CLD, ESH, EST. FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Alcyonidium mamillatum Alder, 1857 | CLD, EST, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN |
Alcyonidium parasiticum (Fleming, 1828) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Alcyonidium polyoum (Hassall, 1841) | HBD |
Family Arachnidiidae (2) | |
Arachnidium clavatum Hincks, 1877 | CLD, MMS, WSH |
Arachnidium fibrosum Hincks, 1880 | CLD |
Family Buskiidae (1) | |
Buskia nitens Alder, 1857 | WSH |
Family Farrellidae (1) | |
Farrella repens (Farre, 1837) | SFN |
Family Flustrellidridae (1) | |
Flustrellidra hispida (O. Fabricius, 1780) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Family Hypophorellidae (1) | |
Hypophorella expansa Ehlers, 1876 | CLD |
Family Nolellidae (3) | |
Nolella dilatata (Hincks, 1860) | CLD, FTH, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Nolella pusilla (Hincks, 1880) | CLD |
Nolella stipata Gosse, 1855 | MMS |
Family Spathiporidae (1) | |
Spathipora sertum Fischer, 1866 | WSH |
Family Triticellidae (2) | |
Triticella flava Dalyell, 1848 | CLD, SFN |
Triticella pedicellata (Alder, 1857) | CLD |
Family Vesiculariidae (6) | |
Amathia gracilis (Leidy, 1855) | CLD, FTH, MMS |
Amathia gracillima (Hincks, 1877) | MMS |
Amathia imbricata (Adams, 1798) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN |
Amathia lendigera (Linnaeus, 1758) | SFN |
Amathia pustulosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786) | CLD, MMS, SFN |
Vesicularia spinosa (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, FTH, MMS, SFN |
Family Walkeriidae (1) | |
Walkeria uva (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, ESH, MMS, NCS |
Order Cheilostomatida (160) | |
Family Aeteidae (3) | |
Aetea anguina (Linnaeus, 1758) | EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Aetea sica (Couch, 1844) | CLD, MMS, NCS |
Aetea truncata (Landsborough, 1852) | CLD, MMS, NCS |
Family Antroporidae (1) | |
Rosseliana rosselii (Audouin, 1826) | ESH, WSH |
Family Beaniidae (1) | |
Beania mirabilis Johnston, 1840 | EST, MMS, NCS |
Family Bitectiporidae (7) | |
Hippoporina pertusa (Esper, 1796) | CLD, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Pentapora fascialis (Pallas, 1766) | HBD, MMS, SFN |
Schizomavella auriculata (Hassall, 1842) | MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Schizomavella cornuta (Heller, 1867) | WSH |
Schizomavella discoidea (Busk, 1859) | NCS, WSH |
Schizomavella hastata (Hincks, 1862) | WSH |
Schizomavella linearis (Hassall, 1841) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Family Bryocryptellidae (8) | |
Marguetta lorea (Alder, 1864) | ESH, WSH |
Palmiskenea skenei (Ellis & Solander, 1786) | CLD, EST,MMS, MRF, RK, WSH |
Porella alba Nordgaard, 1906 | EST, MRF, NCS |
Porella compressa (J. Sowerby, 1805) | CLD, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, WSH |
Porella concinna (Busk, 1854) | CLD, ESH, EST, MMS, MRF, WSH |
Porella laevis (Fleming, 1828) | WSH |
Porella minuta (Norman, 1868) | MRF, WSH |
Porella struma (Norman, 1868) | ESH, WSH |
Family Bugulidae (12) | |
Bicellariella ciliata (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Bicellarina alderi (Busk, 1859) | MMS, NCS, WSH |
Bugulina avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Bugulina calathus (Norman, 1868) | MMS |
Bugulina flabellata (Thompson in Gray, 1848) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, SFN, WSH |
*Bugulina fulva (Ryland, 1960) | MMS, NCS |
Bugulina turbinata (Alder, 1857) | CLD, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
*Bugulina simplex (Hincks, 1886) | CLD, ESH, MMS, NCS |
*Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD |
Crisularia plumosa (Pallas, 1766) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN |
Crisularia purpurotincta (Norman, 1868) | ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Dendrobeania murrayana (Bean in Johnston, 1847) | ESH, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Family Calloporidae (13) | |
Alderina imbellis (Hincks, 1860) | MMS, NCS, WSH |
Amphiblestrum auritum (Hincks, 1877) | EST, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Amphiblestrum flemingii (Busk, 1854) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, WSH |
Amphiblestrum solidum (Packard, 1863) | ESH, MMS, MRF, WSH |
Callopora craticula (Alder, 1856) | CLD, MMS, WSH |
Callopora dumerilii (Audouin, 1826) | MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Callopora lineata (Linnaeus, 1767) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Callopora rylandi Bobin & Prenant, 1965 | EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS |
Cauloramphus spiniferum (Johnston, 1832) | EST, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Crassimarginatella solidula (Hincks, 1860) | EST, WSH |
Megapora ringens (Busk, 1856) | EST, FSC, WSH |
Ramphonotus minax (Busk, 1860) | ESH, RK, WSH |
Tegella unicornis (Fleming, 1828) | EST, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Family Candidae (9) | |
Caberea ellisii (Fleming, 1814) | NCS, WSH |
Cradoscrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Notoplites harmeri Ryland, 1963 | WSH |
Notoplites jeffreysii (Norman, 1863) | ESH, MMS, WSH |
Pomocellaria inarmata (O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1926) | FTH, MMS, WSH |
Scrupocellaria scruposa (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
*Tricellaria inopinata d’Hondt & Occhipinti Ambrogi, 1985 | CLD, EST, MMS, MRF, NCS |
Tricellaria peachii (Busk, 1851) | ESH, EST, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Tricellaria ternata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) | ESH, EST, FTH, FRT, HBD, NCS, WSH |
Family Cellariidae (4) | |
Cellaria fistulosa (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Cellaria salicornioides Lamouroux, 1816 | CLD, MMS, WSH |
Cellaria sinuosa (Hassall, 1840) | CLD, EST, HBD, MMS, SFN, WSH |
Euginoma vermiformis Jullien, 1883 | RK |
Family Celleporidae (11) | |
Buskea dichotoma (Hincks, 1862) | CLD, EST, MMS, MRF, WSH |
Buskea nitida Heller, 1867 | CLD, MMS |
Cellepora pumicosa (Pallas, 1766) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, FRT, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, WSH |
Celleporina caliciformis (Lamouroux, 1816) | CLD, ESH, FTH, HBD, MRF, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Celleporina decipiens Hayward, 1976 | HBD |
Celleporina pygmaea (Norman, 1868) | FSC, MRF, WSH |
Lagenipora lepralioides (Norman, 1868) | ESH, WSH |
Omalosecosa ramulosa (Linnaeus, 1767) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Palmicellaria elegans Alder, 1864 | WSH |
Turbicellepora avicularis (Hincks, 1860) | CLD, EST, FRT, HBD, MMS, MRF |
Turbicellepora boreale Hayward & Hansen, 1999 | RK |
Family Chaperiidae (1) | |
Larnacicus corniger (Busk, 1859) | FSC, RK, WSH |
Family Chorizoporidae (1) | |
Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin, 1826) | EST, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Family Cribrilinidae (7) | |
Collarina balzaci (Audouin, 1826) | CLD, MMS, WSH |
Cribrilina annulata (O. Fabricius, 1780) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Cribrilina cryptooecium Norman, 1903 | EST, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Cribrilina punctata (Hassall, 1841) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Membraniporella nitida (Johnston, 1838) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Puellina innominata (Couch, 1844) | CLD |
Puellina venusta (Canu & Bassler, 1925) | CLD, WSH |
Family Cryptosulidae (1) | |
Cryptosula pallasiana (Moll, 1803) | CLD, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Family Doryporellidae (1) | |
Doryporellina reticulata (Ryland, 1963) | RK |
Family Electridae (7) | |
Aspidelectra melolontha (Landsborough, 1852) | NCS |
Conopeum reticulum (Linnaeus, 1767) | CLD, EST, FTH, FRT, MMS, NCS, MRF |
Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928) | NCS |
Einhornia crustulenta (Pallas, 1766) | NCS |
Electra monostachys (Busk, 1854) | MMS, NCS, SFN |
Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, SFN, WSH |
Pyripora catenularia (Fleming, 1828) | CLD, FRT, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Family Escharinidae (5) | |
Escharina alderi (Busk, 1856) | FSC, MMS, RK, WSH |
Escharina dutertrei haywardi Zabala, Maluquer & Harmelin, 1993 | FSC, WSH |
Escharina johnstoni (Quelch, 1884) | CLD, MMS |
Herentia hyndmanni (Johnston, 1847) | NCS, WSH |
Phaeostachys spinifera (Johnston, 1847) | FTH, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Family Eucrateidae (1) | |
Eucratea loricata (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Family Exechonellidae (1) | |
Anarthropora monodon (Busk, 1860) | FSC, WSH |
Family Exochellidae (2) | |
Escharoides coccinea (Abildgaard, 1806) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Escharoides mamillata (Wood, 1844) | EST, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Family Flustridae (7) | |
Carbasea carbasea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) | EST, FTH, HBD, WSH |
Chartella barleei (Busk, 1860) | ESH, NCS, WSH |
Chartella papyracea (Ellis & Solander, 1786) | CLD, HBD, MMS |
Flustra foliacea (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, FRT, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Hincksina flustroides (Hincks, 1877) | HBD |
Sarsiflustra abyssicola (Sars G.O., 1872) | WSH |
Securiflustra securifrons (Pallas, 1766) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, FRT, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Family Haplopomidae (4) | |
Haplopoma graniferum (Johnston, 1847) | CLD, FTH, NCS, WSH |
Haplopoma impressum (Audouin, 1826) | CLD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Haplopoma planum Ryland, 1963 | ESH, WSH |
Haplopoma sciaphilum Silén & Harmelin, 1976 | HBD |
Family Hippoporidridae (2) | |
Hippoporella hippopus (Smitt, 1867) | MRF |
Hippoporidra lusitania Taylor & Cook, 1981 | WSH |
Family Hippothoidae (4) | |
Celleporella hyalina (Linnaeus, 1767) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Haplota clavata (Hincks, 1857) | CLD |
Hippothoa divaricata Lamouroux, 1821 | CLD, EST, NCS |
Hippothoa flagellum Manzoni, 1870 | CLD, MMS, NCS |
Family Lacernidae (1) | |
Cylindroporella tubulosa (Norman, 1868) | HBD, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Family Membraniporidae (1) | |
Membranipora membranacea (Linnaeus, 1767) | ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, SFN, WSH |
Family Microporellidae (3) | |
Fenestrulina delicia Winston, Hayward & Craig, 2000 | CLD, WSH |
Fenestrulina malusii (Audouin, 1826) | CLD, EST, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Microporella ciliata (Pallas, 1766) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, NCS, SFN, WSH |
Family Microporidae (3) | |
Micropora coriacea (Johnston, 1847) | CLD |
Micropora normani Levinsen, 1909 | WSH |
Mollia multijuncta (Waters, 1879) | WSH |
Family Phidoloporidae (5) | |
Reteporella beaniana (King, 1846) | MMS, NCS, RK, WSH |
Reteporella incognita Hayward & Ryland, 1996 | RK, WSH |
Reteporella watersi (Nordgaard, 1907) | WSH |
Rhynchozoon bispinosum (Johnston, 1847) | WSH |
Schizotheca fissa (Busk, 1856) | MMS |
Family Romancheinidae (13) | |
Arctonula arctica (M. Sars, 1851) | EST, WSH |
Escharella abyssicola (Norman, 1869) | FSC, WSH |
Escharella immersa (Fleming, 1828) | CLD, EST, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Escharella labiosa (Busk, 1856) | HBD, MMS |
Escharella laqueata (Norman, 1864) | MMS, WSH |
Escharella octodentata (Hincks, 1880) | FSC, RK, WSH |
Escharella variolosa (Johnston, 1838) | CLD, EST, MMS, MRF, WSH |
Escharella ventricosa (Hassall, 1842) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Hemicyclopora polita (Norman, 1864) | ESH, MMS, WSH |
Neolagenipora collaris (Norman, 1867) | MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Neolagenipora eximia (Hincks, 1860) | WSH |
Ragionula rosacea (Busk, 1856) | CLD, NCS, WSH |
Temachia microstoma (Norman, 1864) | ESH, WSH |
Family Schizoporellidae (6) | |
Schizoporella cornualis Hayward & Ryland, 1995 | MMS |
Schizoporella dunkeri (Reuss, 1848) | MMS, NCS, WSH |
*Schizoporella japonica Ortmann, 1890 | CLD, ESH, EST, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Schizoporella patula Hayward & Ryland, 1995 | ESH, FSC, NCS, WSH |
Schizoporella umbonata O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1926 | WSH |
Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston in Wood, 1844) | CLD, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Family Scrupariidae (2) | |
Scruparia ambigua (d’Orbigny, 1841) | EST, HBD |
Scruparia chelata (Linnaeus, 1758) | CLD, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Family Setosellidae (1) | |
Setosella vulnerata (Busk, 1860) | ESH, WSH |
Family Smittinidae (8) | |
Parasmittina trispinosa (Johnston, 1838) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS, RK, SFN, WSH |
Phylactella labrosa (Busk, 1854) | MRF, NCS, WSH |
Pseudoflustra virgula Hayward, 1994 | FSC |
Smittina bella (Busk, 1860) | CLD, EST, WSH |
Smittina crystallina (Norman, 1867) | MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Smittoidea amplissima Hayward, 1979 | WSH |
Smittoidea marmorea (Hincks, 1877) | EST, FTH, MMS, NCS, WSH |
Smittoidea reticulata (MacGillivray, 1842) | CLD, EST, FTH, MMS, MRF, NCS, WSH |
Family Stomachetosellidae (3) | |
Stomachetosella normani Hayward, 1994 | WSH |
Stomacrustula cruenta (Busk, 1854) | CLD, ESH, WSH |
Stomacrustula sinuosa (Busk, 1860) | CLD, MMS, WSH |
Family Tessaradomidae (1) | |
Tessaradoma boreale (Busk, 1860) | HBD, RK, WSH |
Family Umbonulidae (1) | |
Oshurkovia littoralis (Hastings, 1944) | CLD, ESH, EST, FTH, HBD, MMS, MRF, NCS SFN, WSH |
Six NIS were identified as part of the Scottish fauna. These were Bugulina fulva (Ryland, 1960), Bugulina simplex (Hincks, 1886), Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758), Tricellaria inopinata d’Hondt & Occhipinti Ambrogi, 1985, Fenestrulina delicia Winston, Hayward & Craig, 2000, Schizoporella japonica Ortmann, 1890. The Clyde sub-region contained the greatest number of NIS (all except B. fulva).
The Scottish sea regions contain 218 bryozoan species with representatives from each of the extant bryozoan orders. Based on the checklist, it can be concluded that Scotland has fewer bryozoan species than New Zealand (n = 953), Australia (n = 886), and the Mediterranean (n = 556) (
As with other benthic marine invertebrates in Scotland, the bryozoan fauna includes NIS (
The estimate of bryozoan species number in Scotland, presented here, is likely to be conservative, since much of the offshore shelf areas and seamounts have not been fully explored. Estimates of the global number of bryozoan species yet to be discovered range from 2800–5200 (
This study received funding from the UK research council knowledge exchange fellowship [NE/P006566/2], a NERC MSc bursary and EOL Rubenstein Fellowship. The authors would like to thank the numerous people who collected the bryozoan records used in this study.
Scottish bryozoan records