Research Article |
Corresponding author: Menglin Wang ( wangmenglin123@126.com ) Academic editor: Mike Wilson
© 2018 Menglin Wang, Aimin Shi, Thierry Bourgoin.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wang M, Shi A, Bourgoin T (2018) Morphological and molecular data reveal a new genus of the tribe Issini from Southern China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 766: 51-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.766.24299
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A new genus Sinonissus gen. n. of the tribe Issini (Issidae, Issinae) with a new species Sinonissus brunetus sp. n. from Chongqing municipality and Sichuan Province, China are described. Barcode of the species is provided. A molecular analysis combined with morphological characters confirms its placement into the Issini. Distribution of this new genus in the Oriental realm is briefly discussed in regard of other Issinae taxa in China.
China, new species, Sinonissus , taxonomy
In the family Issidae Spinola, 1839 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), Issini Spinola, 1839 (sec.
The lineage was firstly separated as a subtribe Issini Spinola, 1839 by
Issini are characterised by the presence of paired digitate processes on the inner side of the dorsolateral lobes of the periandrium (
A new genus Sinonissus gen. n. is described from southwest China in the Oriental realm, represented by the new species Sinonissus brunetus sp. n. from Chongqing and Sichuan, for which both morphological data and molecular phylogeny place the taxon into the Issini sec.
Type specimens are deposited in College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China. The abdomen of specimen was separated from the body, and then boiled in a 10% NaOH solution for 5 minutes until muscles were completely dissolved leaving tegumentary structures. After rinsing in distilled water for several times, the abdomen was subsequently transferred to glycerine for final dissection and observation. Terminalia were conserved under the specimen in genital vials. Photographs for external morphology and terminalia characters were taken using Leica DFC495 camera attached to Leica M205C stereomicroscope and further refined with LAS V3.8 and Helicon Focus v3.10 software. Morphological interpretations and subsequent terminologies for male genitalia follow
The total genomic DNA was extracted from leg of holotype specimen (♂) using the TransGen EasyPure Genomic DNA Kit. COI gene was amplified using the same primers and amplification procedure as
Sinonissus brunetus sp. n., here designated.
This genus is similar to the genus Latissus Dlabola, 1974 (
Head with compound eyes a little wider than pronotum, but nearly the same width as mesonotum (Fig.
Male terminalia. Gonostyli subrectangular in profile, caudo-ventral angle rounded, dorsal margin without process (Figs
Female terminalia. Anal tube relatively short, in dorsal view a little longer than wide (Fig.
Sinonissus brunetus sp. n., paratype. 8 Female anal tube, dorsal view 9 Gonoplacs, lateral view 10 Gonoplacs, dorsal view 11 Gonapophysis IX and gonaspiculum bridge, dorsal view 12 Gonapophysis IX and gonaspiculum bridge, lateral view 13 Sternite VII 14 Gonocoxa VIII and gonapophysis VIII, lateral view.
China (Chongqing, Sichuan).
This name is derived from the Latin prefix word “sino” freely associated with the generic name “Issus”, referring to the special distribution of this genus representing the rarity of Issini in China. The gender is masculine.
The new genus differs from Issus by the presence of a wide hypocostal plate, also present in Latissus, and from both genera by its rudimentary hindwings. It shows that this last character is not characteristic of the tribe, for which the diagnosis should be modified accordingly. Additionally, the Issini forking schema ‘R2, M2, CuA2’ indicating the number of main vein terminals in the tegmen appears to be modified in Sinonissus with two to four terminals in CuA: accordingly a ‘R2, M2, CuA(2–4)’ schema should be retained for Issini sec.
Maximum likelihood tree of Issinae based on COI sequence with Thionia sp. (IssidaeThioniinae) and Sarima bifurcus (Issidae, Hemisphaeriinae) as outgroup to test to position of Sinonissus gen. n. in the classification and phylogeny of Issidae. Node values denote ultrafast bootstrap support.
Holotype: ♂, China: Chongqing municipality, Jinyunshan, 6 vii 2017, coll. Menglin Wang. Paratypes: 1♂, Chongqing municipality, Jinyunshan, 5 vii 2011, coll. Ting Xu; 1♀, Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 5 vii 2010, coll. Meiyi Xia; 1♀, Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 5 vii 2010, coll. Yuling Zhang.
Diagnosis. This new species looks similar to Latissus dilatatus (Fourcroy, 1785), but differs by: frons much longer, 1.2 times longer in midline than broad at widest part (only 0.9 times in L. dilatatus); anal tube of male 1.4 times longer in midline than widest part (2.2 times in L. dilatatus); male genitalia less robust, the digitate processes near apex of periandrium slender and curved (broad and straight in L. dilatatus).
Length: male (including forewings) (N = 2): 4.2–4.3 mm; female (including forewings) (N = 2): 6.2–6.3 mm.
Coloration. Vertex brown, margins carinated and dark brown (Fig.
Head and thorax. Vertex 3.1 times wider at base than long in midline, lateral margins parallel in apical 1/2 and expanded outward at basal 1/2 (Fig.
Male terminalia. Anal tube in dorsal view ovate, widest at apical 1/3; 1.4 times longer in midline than widest part, apical part rounded; epiproct long, around 1/3 length of anal tube, anal opening located at basal 1/3 (Fig.
Female terminalia. Anal tube in dorsal view ovate, widest at middle, 1.2 times longer in midline than widest part, apical margin and lateral margins rounded; epiproct long, approximately 1/3 length of anal tube, anal opening situated at basal 1/4 (Fig.
The Latin name brunetus, referring to the dark brown colour of the general appearance of this species.
China (Chongqing, Sichuan).
The COI nucleotide composition of this species is A: T: G: C = 32.7: 32.7: 14.5: 20.0. It differs by 124 and 126 nucleotidic bases with Issus coleoptratus (Fabricius, 1781) (GenBank accession number: KX702932) and Latissus dilatatus (Fourcroy, 1785) (GenBank accession number: KX702947) respectively, along the complete length of 681 bp.
The sub-family Issinae currently includes two tribes: Issini and Hysteropterini . They are characteristically distributed in Wallace’s Palaearctic region (
In China, Issinae are rare but Hysteropterini were already reported from Xinjiang, Ningxia, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Gansu: Celyphoma Emeljanov, 1971 by
This study was supported by Educational Commission of Sichuan Province of China (18ZA0481), the Fundamental Research Funds (17B009), the Meritocracy Research Funds (17YC342) and the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation (17E070) of China West Normal University.