Review Article |
Corresponding author: Matthew L. Bowser ( matt_bowser@fws.gov ) Academic editor: David Langor
© 2019 Matthew L. Bowser.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Bowser ML (2019) Archaeognatha of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 205-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.23572
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Current knowledge of the Canadian bristletail (Archaeognatha) fauna is summarized and compared with
Archaeognatha , biodiversity assessment, Biota of Canada, jumping bristletails, Microcoryphia
Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the bristletail fauna of Canada since
The one Canadian species mentioned by
North American Archaeognatha are presently a difficult group to work with due to a lack of modern descriptions for some species and inherent challenges of recognizing morphologically similar species. Most progress on the North American fauna since 1979 has been due to the work of Pedro Wygodzinsky and Helmut Sturm, both experts on this group working at a worldwide scope.
A total of eight species of bristletails are now known from Canada, representing two families (Table
Taxon1 | No. species reported in |
No. species currently known from Canada | No. BINs2 available for Canadian species | Est. no. undescribed or unrecorded species in Canada | General distribution by ecozone3 | Information sources4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Machilidae | 3 | 7 (2) | 9 | 7 | southern Canada from Pacific Maritime to Atlantic Maritime |
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Meinertellidae | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Pacific Maritime, Western Interior Basin, Prairies | Sturm and Bach de Roca 1992, |
Total | 3 | 8 (2) | 10 | 8 |
There are few DNA barcodes for Canadian bristletails. Ten BINs (Barcode Index Numbers) of bristletails have been obtained from Canada, only two of which have been associated with accepted species names. Some of the unidentified BINs will likely be eventually identified as previously described species, but some likely represent undescribed species. DNA barcode sequences from the two Palearctic species established in eastern Canada have been obtained from elsewhere but not yet from Canada.
The author is aware of six potentially undescribed species: two entities in the genus Petridiobius Paclt represented by the BINs BOLD:AAV1529 and BOLD:AAV1531 from the Canadian Rockies; specimens representing one of two BINs BOLD:AAV1528 and BOLD:ACJ4257 from coastal British Columbia (BC) that are indistinguishable from the original description of Pedetontus submutans Silvestri; a Mesomachilis sp. and a species of Pedetontoides Mendes from the Western Interior Basin ecozone of British Columbia (BC); and a species similar to Leptomachilis Sturm from Kootenay National Park represented by BIN BOLD:AAV1530. More species are likely to be found in Canada, especially in regions with complex glacial history, a situation that has led to high species diversity of bristletails in the European Alps (