Material examined.

Holotype. Preparatory female, 4.6 mm long, ZMH (K-42172). South-eastern Weddell Sea southwest of Maud Rise; station ANTXXII-3 59-5 (ANDEEP III; 67°29.81’S; 000°00.23’W); 4651 m depth. Paratypes. 1 paratype, ovigerous female, damaged, ZMH (K-42173) from type locality; 1 paratype female without oostegites fixed for SEM, 3.5 mm, ZMH (K-32174) northern Weddell Sea, station 137 (ANDEEP II; 63°45.00’S; 033°47.81’W), 4975 m depth. For further material examined for comparison see: Table 1.

Diagnosis.

Cephalothorax almost semicircular, little longer than wide with no transverse ridge on frons; antenna 1 minute, incl. aesthetascs not reaching article 4 of antenna 2; mandible with blunt pars incisiva, left lacinia mobilis spiniform, integrated into spine row; dorsal extension of ischium of pereopod 3 positioned much more distally, on apex with 2 conspicious setae, 1 bent robust and spiniform unequally bifid seta proximally, and another more straight and less robust unequally bifid seta distally; posterolateral corners of posterior pereonites rounded; pleotelson compact, not constricted anteriorly of uropod articulations; uropod endopod of half the length of protopod.

Description of holotype female.

Body (Figs 3–4) elongate, 5.3 times longer than wide; maximal body width in pereonite 3 1.2 times maximal width of pleotelson; pereonites 1–5 about the same width, gradually narrowing from pereonite 6 towards pleotelson. Surface of tergites, sternites and operculum bearing comb-like structures, which can be worn off due to abrasion to a smooth surface in exposed areas (e.g. cephalothorax, pereonite 3); posterolateral setae only in pereonite 7, otherwise lacking or broken off; no sockets found in SEM (probably due to dirt on cuticle). Cephalothorax free, almost semicircular with maximal width at posterolateral margin, length 1.1 times maximal width and 0.2 times total body length; 0.9 times width of pereonite 1; no transverse ridge on frons.

Fossosome 1.1 times longer than wide, laterally slightly convex, median length: pereonite 1 about 1.4 times longer than pereonite 2, as long as pereonite 3; lateral length: pereonite 1 1.3 times as long as pereonite 2 and 0.5 times as long as pereonite 3; pereonite with prominent anteroventral spine and pereonite 3 with very small posteroventral spine. Pereonites 4–5 of same length and width, 1.6 times wider than long; pereonite 4 laterally convex, maximal width amid segment. Pereonites 5–7 posterolateral corners tapering, with tiny simple apical setae; pereonites with short posterior ventral spines. Pereonite 6 0.8 times pereonite 4 length, 1.7 times wider than long. Pereonite 7 0.7 pereonite 4 length, 1.9 times wider than long; Pleotelson 1.5 times longer than wide, length about 0.2 times total body length, as long as fossosome and as long as pereonites 5 and 6 together; laterally convex, slightly narrowing towards uropodal articulations with no constriction; apex bluntly rounded with several long setae; compared to rest of body with strongest sculpturation of cuticle; cuticle not translucent, dorsal organ not visible; slot-like apertures in dorsal cuticle not present; pleopodal chamber maximal opening width 0.6 times maximal pleotelson width; longitudinal excavation minimal width about 0.3 times max pleotelson width.

Antenna 1 (Figs 3–5) of 5 articles, 0.25 times fossosome median length; 2, 6 times longer than wide; articles gradually decreasing in size and length-width ratio towards distal end, relative length ratios: 1:0.5:0.3:0.2:0.1; article 1 length 1.4 times of width, 50% of total antenna 1 length, article 5 as long as wide, less than 0.1 times total antenna 1 length; articles 4 and 5 with 1 aesthetasc each; articles 1 and 2 with distal broom setae; simple setae on distal margins of articles 2 and 3, 1 seta on article 5.

Antenna 2 (Figs 3–5) basal five articles reaching the posterior end of cephalothorax; flagellum reaching the anterior margin of pereopod 2 basis when directed posteriorly; article 1 broadest, 1.4 times wider than long, article 2 1.2 times longer than wide and article 3 1.4 times longer than wide, article 4 little narrower than articles 1–3, 4 times longer than wide, article 5 longest 1.1 times article 4, 4.5 times longer than wide; several broom setae distally on basal articles, most on article 5; seven flagellar articles, width about 0.5 times article 5 width.

Mandible (Fig. 5) gradually narrowing towards pars incisiva; pars incisiva blunt and rounded, without teeth; left lacinia mobilis spine-like, with subtriangular basis in dorsal and medial view and 1 small spine on apex, little shorter than adjacent spine row; right lacinia mobilis tiny with several short spine-like projections; spine row of 5–7 fanned spines, more in left mandible, partially serrated at tips and along proximal margin, especially more proximal ones; pars molaris shorter than adjacent spines of spine row, apex oriented proximally.

Maxilla 1 (Fig. 5) inner endite shorter and more slender than outer one, terminally spatulate; dense accumulation of simple setae around distal apex, along a dorsal ridge as well as along medial and lateral margins with setae; outer endite broad, narrowing in the most distal quarter, with numerous setae of different lengths on lateral and medial margins, numerous setae of different lengths around distomedial corner 12 robust setae, some two-sided serrate, on distal margin.

Maxilla 2 (Fig. 5) inner and outer endites of similar width, equally projecting distally; medial endite thinner and shorter; along proximedial margin of inner endite more than 15 long simple setae of less than half the length of inner endite, an accumulation of about 10 small and intermediate simple setae distolaterally, on distal margin 7 strong setae, some heavily denticulate, medial endite with few simple setae along lateral and medial margins, distally with 3 simple setae of different lengths, longest seta less than half as long as the medial endite; outer endite with simple setae around lateral margin, distally with four robust setae of different lengths the most lateral one longest and one-sided denticulate.

Maxilliped (Fig. 6) epipod 3.6 times longer than wide, distally narrowing to multiple small tips, with tiny setae or setules, laterally concave, reaching midlength of palp article 3; endite medially thickening, proximomedially with two coupling hooks, distally with heavily sclerotized and denticulate tooth-like setae and fine dense setae; row of setae along rounded distolateral margin, lateral margins of basis and palp articles 1–3 with rows of thin setae; article 2 largest and longest, 3.5 times longer than article 1 and 2.3 times longer than article 3; articles 4 and 5 distomedially and distolaterally with medially scaled and distally pappose sensillae: 3 medially and 1 laterally on article 2, 5 medially and 2 laterally on article 3, 3 medially and 1 laterally on article 4, article 5 with 6 such setae terminally and subterminally; basis including endite 0.9 times epipod length.

Anterior pereopods (Fig. 6) slightly increasing in length, pereopod 1 0.9 times length of pereopods 2 and 3 respectively; all articles covered with tiny setules of varying density of coverage.

Pereopod 1 relative length ratios: 1:0.6:0.4:0.4:0.3:0.2, basis with at least 3 broom setae and 1 short simple seta dorsally and 2 broom setae and row of 5 short setae ventrally, 3.6 times longer than wide; ischium 2.4 times longer than wide, with row of 4 long and slender setae distally, 1 seta on the opposite side, 1 short distally pappose sensilla ventrally, 1 short seta proximodorsally; merus compact, 1.4 times longer than wide, posteriorly on dorsal extension with row of 4 simple setae of different length and 1 bifurcate setae, along ventral margin 4 distally pappose setae and on distoventral extension 1 stout bifurcate seta; carpus 2.3 times longer than wide, distodorsally with row of 2 simple setae and 1 bifurcate seta most distally, 1 broom seta on distoventral margin, ventral margin with four distally fringed setae; propodus 3.4 times longer than wide, dorsally with 1 short setae, ventral side with 3 short sensillae, caudally with 1 long and slender seta; dactylus 3 times longer than wide, about 0.7 times carpus length, with 1 sensilla on dorsal and ventral side respectively.

Pereopod 2 1.1 times longer than pereopod 1; setation comparable to pereopod 1 with slight variations in length and numbers; relative length ratios: 1:0.7:0.5:0.6:0.4:0.3, basis 3.1 times longer than wide; ischium 2.6 times longer than wide; merus 1.8 times longer than wide, with row of 5 distally serrate setae; on the anterior side of distodorsal extension with 1 robust unequally bifid seta; carpus 2.8 times longer than wide, distodorsally with row of 5 long setae, first 4 of this setae distally serrate, most distal one bifurcate, 1 broom seta; propodus 4.5 times longer than wide, 1 broom seta and terminally expanded to subtriangular lobe dorsally with two notches at apex; dactylus 5 times longer than wide, anterior and posterior claw of about the same length, slender posterior extension clasping, reaching beyond claws.

Pereopod 3 1.1 times longer than pereopod 2, with bigger dorsal and ventral extensions and generally longer and more robust setae, relative length ratios: 1:0.7:0.7:0.8:0.3:0.3, basis damaged in holotype, 3.3 times longer than wide in paratype, with at least 2 broom setae and 3 short setae on ventral side, with 2 small setae on dorsal margin; ischium 1.8 times longer than wide, dorsal extension with concave flanks, with 3 serrate setae proximally and 2 distally of apex, on apex with 2 pronounced unequally bifid setae; proximal seta very robust and bent proximally; 1 seta bent towards proximal hollow of ischium articulation; merus about 2 times longer than wide with distodorsal and distoventral extensions, with row of 7 serrate setae dorsally, the most distal seta bifurcate and robust, along ventral margin with 7 distally pappose, fringed setae; carpus 3 times longer than wide, distodorsally with row of 7 serrate setae, most distal seta bifurcate, with 1 broom seta and 6 distally pappose, fringed setae ventrally; propodus 4.3 times longer than wide, distodorsally with 2 sensillae and 1 broom seta ventrally; dactylus long and slender, 6 times longer than wide, as long as carpus, with 1 proximal, 2 medial and 3 subterminal sensillae, claws as in pereopod 2.

Posterior pereopods (Fig. 7; pereopods 6–7 of paratype missing) length ratios: 1:1.4:1.9:1.7.

Pereopod 4 about 0.6 times the length of pereopod 1, relative length ratios: 1:0.5:0.4:0.3:0.2:0.1, basis 3.7 times longer than wide with at least 4 broom and 2 short simple setae; ischium 2.9 times longer than wide, distodorsally with row of 3 setae and 1 tiny seta distoventrally; merus 1.9 times longer than wide, distodorsally expanded and with 4 setae of very different lengths, first 3 longer than carpus, serrate, the most distal one smaller, 2 distally pappose, fringed setae on ventral margin; carpus 2.2 times longer than wide, anterior-posteriorly flattened, and 3 times broader than propodus, dorsally extended with row of 4 long serrated, bifurcate setae reaching beyond dactylus tip, distodorsally with broom seta, on ventral margin with 4 distally pappose, fringed setae; propodus distally projecting into a subtriangular lobe, 3.5 times longer than wide, distoventrally with 1 long bifurcate and terminally fringed seta projecting beyond dactylus tip, 1 broom seta distally on dorsal side; dactylus of half propodus length, twice as long as wide, 1 short terminal claw, 1 subterminal claw of 0.5 times dactylus length, with 1 long thin seta subterminally and 2 sensillae.

Pereopod 5 0.9 times pereopod 1 length, relative length ratios: 1:0.6:0.5:0.5:0.4:0.2, basis broad, 2.9 times longer than wide with at least 3 broom setae dorsally, 2 broom setae and 3 small setae ventrally, 1 large simple seta distoventrally; ischium 2.3 times longer than wide, on dorsal and ventral side with 2 simple setae respectively; merus about 1.8 times longer than wide, distodorsally extending with 1 bifurcate and 1 long seta, with 2 tiny and 2 long setae on ventral side, longer seta longer than merus; carpus 2.6 times longer than wide, wide, ventrally with 1 stout bifurcate seta, articulation to propodus surrounded by 5 bifurcate setae, 1 broom seta and ventrally with 3 long and slender simple setae, longest seta exceeding propodus in length; propodus 5 times longer than wide, with 1 short bifurcate seta ventrally, distally with 2 setae on ventral side, the longest more than 2 times dactylus length, 1 broom seta dorsally; dactylus 2 times longer than wide, half propodus length, with 2 setae ventrally of more than 2 times dactylus length, with 2 short claws, 0.7 times dactylus length; at least 2 thin subterminal sensillae.

Pereopod 6 1.2 times pereopod 1 length, relative length ratios: 1:0.6:0.4:0.7:0.7:0.4, basis 4.3 times longer than wide, dorsally with 3 short setae and 3 broom setae, ventrally with 4 broom setae and 4 short setae; ischium 2.7 times longer than wide, dorsally slightly projecting with row of 7 long setae, ventrally with 2 setae and distoventrally with a group of 3 simple setae of different lengths; merus short and broad, 1.8 times longer than wide, distodorsally extending with 6 setae, the longest exceeding carpus, some denticulate or bifurcate, with row of 6 setae on ventral side; carpus slender, 4.4 times longer than wide, dorsally with row of 3 short setae and 1 broom seta, 2 simple setae ventrally, distally 4 robust, bifurcate and one-sided serrate setae and 2 slender setae, longer than propodus; propodus 7.6 times longer than wide, along ventral margin with 2 groups of 1 short bifurcate and 1 slender seta each; dactylus 6 times longer than wide, with 2 small sensillae on anterior side, with 2 very long simple setae along ventral margin, with terminal claw as long as dactylus and 1 subterminal claw, 1.7 times longer than dactylus.

Pereopod 7 1.1 times longer than pereopod 1, relative length ratios: 1:0.6:0.4:0.8:0.9:0.4, basis 4.1 times longer than wide, dorsally with 9 simple setae as well as 2 broom setae, ventrally with 4 broom setae and 6 simple setae of different lengths as well as 1 broom seta; ischium 3.2 times longer than wide, dorsally with row of 6 long simple setae, ventrally with 5 simple setae; merus 2 times longer than wide, distodorsally extending with 6 long setae, on the ventral margin with 1 simple and 1 serrate seta; carpus slender, 5.7 times longer than wide, dorsally with 2 bifurcate setae and a broom seta distally, a group of serrate setae on ventral margin, mero-carpal articulation surrounded by 6 short, robust, bifurcate and one-sided serrate setae; propodus slender, 9 times longer than wide, 4 setae ventrally, the two proximal ones serrate and very long; dactylus 3.8 times longer than wide, with 1 intermediate and 1 long seta of 2 times dactylus length on ventral side, with 2 claws of different lengths and 1 sensilla on apex.

Pleopods 2–4 (Fig. 8). Presence of pleopod 5 could not be clarified for both specimens. Relative length ratios: 1:0.8:0.6; operculum (Figs 5, 9) 0.7 times pleotelson length. Operculum covered ventrally with small setules and setae, along proximolateral margins with plumose setae with few short setules, distally with at least 8 pappose setae, several setae broken off and substructures not reconstructable. Pleopod 3 protopod constituting half of total length, rhomboid shape, endopod as wide as protopod, not considerably narrowing distally, with 3 distally plumose setae of 0.4 times pleopod 3 length, exopod 0.7 times total length, proximally about 0.7 times maximal width of endopod, distally narrowing, with 1 pronounced seta subterminally, row of numerous simple setae laterally. Pleopod 4 endopod long oval, 0.8 times total length; protopod as long as wide; exopod thin and long, 0.6 times total length and 7.7 times longer than wide, distal seta broken off and missing.

Uropod (Figs 3, 4, 8) of 2 articles, about half pleotelson length, protopod 5.5 times longer than wide, endopod 0.5 times protopod length, protopod with at least 1 broom seta distally, and endopod with at least 4 broom setae distally next to 3 very long and 3 short simple setae.

Male unknown.

Intraspecific variations in pereopods.

(Numerals in brackets and italics are variations in the ovigerous female, paratype).Pereopod 1 ischium 2.4 (3.2) times longer than wide, with row of 4 (3) setae distally. propodus 3.4 (2.8) times longer than wide; dactylus 3 (3.7) times longer than wide. Pereopod 2 basis 3.1 (3.7) times longer than wide; ischium 2.6 (3.2) times longer than wide; merus with row of 5 (6) setae; carpus distodorsally with row of 5 (6) long setae; propodus 4.5 (4) times longer than wide; dactylus 5 (5.5) times longer than wide.

Pereopod 3 ischium with 3 (4) setae proximally; merus with row of 7 (9) setae dorsally, along ventral margin with 7 (8) setae; carpus distodorsally with row of 7 (8) serrate setae, with 6 (7) setae ventrally. Pereopod 4 basis 3.7 (4.3) times longer than wide; ischium 2.9 (2.4) times longer than wide; merus 1.9 (2.4) times longer than wide; carpus 2.2 (2.8) times longer than wide; propodus 3.5 (3) times longer than wide. Pereopod 5 basis 2.9 (5) times longer than wide; ischium 2.3 (3) times longer than wide; carpus 2.6 (3.1) times longer than wide, propodus 5 (4.4) times longer than wide.

Etymology.

“Uniformis” is derived from the latin word for “uniform” as this species’ female on the first view resembles a most common macrostylid appearance and is hard to distinguish from other species.

Distribution.

Only known from the type locations: Southern Ocean, northern and south-eastern Weddell Sea, 4651–4975m depth.

Remarks.

Analysis of two specimens from different station reveals little variation. Differences in body shape and limb segments are usually too subtle to be detected in visual inspection. Variation in setal count tends to be allometric in the pereopods (compare Hessler 1970 for Desmosomatidae). Variation was observed in pereopod 3 in setal counts on ischium, merus and carpus, but none in length-width ratios. Setal variation also occurs in pereopod 1 ischium as well as pereopod 2 merus and carpus. In all cases, the number of setae is increased by one or two per row in the female paratype. In pereopods 1, 2 and 5 length-width ratios of all articles are increased or identical in the ovigerous female except for the propodus. The strong variation in pereopod 4 has to be treated carefully, as the articles are flattened and in the appendage contortions along the proximo-distal axis limit comparability between both specimens.

In the shape of the cephalothorax and lateral pleonite borders as well as the pleotelson apex Macrostylis uniformis sp. n. closely resembles that of Macrostylis hadalis Wolff, 1956, Macrostylis zenkevitchi Birstein, 1963 and Macrostylis longifera Menzies & George, 1972. Macrostylis uniformis sp. n. also shares the small subtriangular lacinia mobilis and the minute pars molaris with Macrostylis hadalis. They can be separated by bicusp and acute pars incisiva in Macrostylis hadalis (blunt and rounded in Macrostylis uniformis sp. n.) and the smaller relative length of the antenna 2 compared to the antenna 1 in Macrostylis hadalis. Macrostylis zenkevitchi has more acute posterolateral corners of the posterior pereonites than found in Macrostylis uniformis sp. n. The mandible of Macrostylis zenkenvitchi has incisors with 3 blunt teeth and a strong lacinia mobilis (incisor without teeth, blunt and rounded, lacinia mobilis spine like and integrated into spine row in Macrostylis uniformis sp. n.). From Macrostylis longifera it can be distinguished by the pronounced posterolateral setae in pereonites 3–7 (no or tiny posterolateral setae in Macrostylis uniformis sp. n.) and in the stretched posterolateral protrusions of the posterior pereonites in Macrostylis longifera (protrusions subtle in Macrostylis uniformis sp. n.). The paratype female has damage on the pereon and exact measurements could not be taken. Nevertheless, length and width data from the anterior subsection indicate a high similarity in length and the ovigerous female being less wide in these pereonites.

No male specimen of this species could be identified and the male identity therefore remains unknown.

Material examined.

Holotype. Adult male, 3.4 mm, ZMH (K-42168), Southern Ocean, North-western Weddell-Enderby Abyssal Plain, south of the South Orkney Islands, station 110-8 (ANDEEP III), 64°59.20’S; 043°002.05’W, 4698 m depth. Paratypes. 1 preparatory female, 4.7 mm, ZMH (K-42169) and 1 adult male ZMH (K-42169) from type locality; 1 male , 3.1 mm, ZMH (K-42171); 1 male fixed for SEM, 2.8 mm, ZMH (K-42172) Southern Ocean, northern Weddell Sea abyssal plain, south of the Endurance ridge, station 138-6 (ANDEEP II), 64°1.67’S; 39°7.68’W, 4760 m depth. For further material examined for comparison see Table 1.

Diagnosis.

Cephalothorax semicircular, antenna 2 long, basal 5 articles pronounced, flagellum reaching to the posterior end of pereonite 3 when bent backwards, little shorter in female; mandible flat, dorsoventrally constricted proximally to laciniae; pars incisiva without pronounced or sharp teeth but bump-like structures; dominant setae on pereopods of bifurcate type; setation pattern on male pleopod 1 mostly not symmetrical, distolateral lobes of pleopod 1 projecting less distally than medial lobes, bent laterally (~90°) and ventrally, medial lobes rounded, each with 7 setae.

Description holotype male.

Body (Figs 9, 10) elongate, 5.3 times longer than wide; maximal body width in pereonites 2 and 3, maximal pereonite width 1.5 times maximal width of pleotelson; pereonites 1–3 about the same width, from pereonite 3 towards pleotelson slightly but gradually narrowing, pereonite 7 0.8 times as wide as pereonite 3. Surface of body (Fig. 10) bearing comb-like structures which can be worn off in exposed areas, e.g. posterolateral protrusions, cephalothorax or dorsal surface of pereonite 3; numerous small simple setae and setules on general cuticle; pereonites 3–7 unsymmetrical with respect to number and length of 1–2 posterolateral setae. Cephalothorax almost semicircular, length 0.7 times maximal width posteriorly to antenna 2 articulation and less than 0.2 times total body length; width 0.9 times pereonite 1 width; transverse ridge on frons not recognized. Fossosome 0.2 times total body length; as long as wide, laterally slightly convex; median legth: 1:1:1.3; frontal spine in sternite of pereonite 1, dorsoventral constrictions close to the segment borders of pereonites 2–3. Posterior pereonites anteriorly strongly constricted; anterior margins overlapped by preceding tergite; relative medial lengths of pereonites 4–7: 1:1.2:1.4:1.2; laterally concave. Posterolateral parts of tergites slightly tapered backwards; pereonites 5–7 with ventral spines directed posteriorly. Pleotelson 0.2 times body length; about 1.7 times longer than wide, laterally concave, narrowing towards a constriction anterior to uropodal articulations; caudal apex concave surrounded by setules; compared to rest of body, most prominent sculpturation of cuticle, shingle-like appearance; cuticle slightly translucent, statocysts visible; slot-like apertures in dorsal cuticle; breathing cavity (Fig. 15) maximal opening width 0.7 times maximal pleotelson width, narrowest width of longitudinal excavation 0.2 times maximal pleotelson width.

Antenna 1 (Figs 10, 11) with 5 articles, small, barely reaching halfway to posterior margin of cephalothorax when directed backwards; length 2.6 times article 1 width; all articles about as long as wide, gradually decreasing in size towards distally; fifth article 0.1 times total length; at least 4 aesthetascs on each of articles 4 and 5, some broken off; broom setae around distal margin of article 2; some distally fringed sensillae on distal margins of articles 1–3; with 1 seta distally on article 5, next to aesthetascs.

Antenna 2 (Figs 10, 11) relatively long and broad, peduncle reaching to the posterior end of pereonite 2 and flagellum reaching to the posterior end of pereonite 3; each of articles 1–3 1.4 times longer than wide; article 4 longest, length 0.3 times total length, as wide as articles 1–3; article 5 0.8 times article 4 length, about 0.4 times article 4 width; flagellum of 7 articles; all 5 basal articles with 1–several distal broom setae (not shown in illustration) and some simple setae; tubular setae with large apical pores distally on flagellar articles 1–4 ans 7, articles 1–3 with 3 setae each, articles 4 and 7 with 2; article 7 with long simple distal setae, 3 times longer than article.

Mandible (Fig 11) flat, dorsoventrally constricted proximally to lacinia; pars incisiva without teeth, but bump-like structures, left mandible with 1 terminal, 1 ventral and 2 dorsal cusps, right mandible with a centered lobe-like cusp; left lacinia mobilis longer and more robust than right lacinia mobilis, with 4 strong blunt teeth, 1.5 times longer than following spines of spine row; right lacinia mobilis twice as long as following spines of spine row, with 6 teeth, more acute than in left lacinia mobilis, dorsoventrally arranged, with ventral teeth projecting most distally; spine row of about 8 spines with multiple cusps, partially serrated; Maxilla 1 and 2: see description of female paratype.

Maxilliped (Fig. 11) epipod oblong-subtriangular, distally narrowing to multiple small tips, distolaterally concave, without any setae or setules, reaching distal end of palp article 2; endite with 2 coupling hooks, densely covered with fine but rather long simple setae, medially broadening, more proximally and dorsally forming lobe-like protrusion with 4 setae on lateral blunt apex, together constituting a sheath in which the epipod rests; lateral margins of basis, and palp articles 1–2 with row of small setae, basis and epipod subequal in length; palp article 2 3 times longer than article 1, articles 2–4 distomedially and distolaterally with medially scaled and distally pappose (fringed) sensillae, article 5 with the same setae terminally and subterminally.

Anterior pereopods (Fig. 12) length ratios: 1:1.1:1.1, all articles covered with tiny setules of varying density of coverage.

Pereopod 1 relative length ratios: 1:0.5:0.4:0.3:0.4:0.2, basis 3.8 times longer than wide, with 4 broom setae and 1 short simple seta on dorsal side, 3 short simple setae and 1 broom seta ventrally, ; ischium 2.3 times longer than wide, with 2 setae distodorsally and 1 small seta distoventrally; merus almost 1.4 times longer than wide, with distodorsal extension bearing 4 unequally long setae; carpus 2.4 times longer than wide, distodorsally with 1 bifurcate seta and 1 broom seta, 3 setae ventrally; propodus 3.5 times longer than wide, dorsally with 2 short setae, ventral side with 3 sensillae, terminally expanded to a subtriangular lobe; dactylus 4.6 times longer than wide, 0.7 times the length of carpus, with 7 sensillae of different lengths.

Pereopod 2 relative length ratios: 1:0.6:0.3:0.5:0.2:0.2, basis with 3 broom setae dorsally and row of short setae ventrally, 4.2 times longer than wide; ischium 3.1 times longer than wide, with 1 small seta bent backwards proximodorsally, row of 4 long simple setae distodorsally and 1 small seta distoventrally; merus 1.5 times longer than wide with distodorsal extension bearing row of 4 long simple setae; carpus 2.6 times longer than wide, distodorsally with row of 4 long setae, most distal one bifurcate, with 4 unequal simple setae ventrally; propodus 3 times longer than wide, dorsally with 2 simple setae, with 1 broom seta dorsally, terminally expanded to a subtriangular lobe; dactylus 5.2 times longer than wide, subterminally with 3 sensillae.

Pereopod 3, relative length ratios: 1:0.6:0.8:0.7:0.3:0.3, basis 2.9 times longer than wide with at least 3 broom setae, row of short setae on ventral side; ischium 1.8 times longer than wide, dorsal extension strongly expanded, sub-triangular, with 7 robust setae, apical 2 setae bifurcate, about as long as maximum ischium width, proximal 2 and distal 3 setae simple, but slightly increasing towards apex, proximodorsally 1 short seta, bent and directed towards proximal hollow of ischium articulation; merus twice as long as wide with weak distoventral extension and strong distodorsal extension bearing 6 bifurcate setae of similar length, 1.4 times maximal merus width, furcation not observed in most proximal seta of row, 4 simple setae ventrally; carpus 2.8 times longer than wide, distodorsally with 5 bifurcate setae and 1 broom seta, with 4 simple setae ventrally; propodus of 0.4 times carpus length, 3.6 times longer than wide, distoventrally with 1 simple and 1 broom seta, distodorsally with sensilla; dactylus 5.5 times longer than wide, 1.1 times carpus length, with 4 sensillae of different lengths arranged in 2 pairs on opposite sides.

Posterior pereopods (Fig. 13) length ratios: 1:1.7:2.3:1.9.

Pereopod 4 0.6 times pereopod 2 length, relative length ratios: 1:0.4:0.3:0.3:0.2:0.1, basis 3.9 times longer than wide, with at least 4 broom setae; ischium twice as long as wide, with 2 short and 2 long setae; merus about 1.8 times longer than wide, row of 3 setae of same length as merus, most distal seta bifurcate, with 1 simple seta distally on opposite side of the article; carpus 3 times longer than wide, 1.3 times longer than merus, setation similar to merus but most proximal seta of row with bifurcation, and 1 very long bifurcate seta, almost reaching distal tip of propodus; with 1 very long bifurcate seta reaching the tip of the most distally reaching seta of propodus, projecting beyond all setae of dactylus; propodus distally projecting into a subtriangular lobe, 2.3 times longer than wide, distally with 1 long simple seta and 1 robust and acute seta; dactylus very small, twice as long as wide, about 0.4 times propodus length, with 1 terminal bifurcate claw of 1.3 times dactylus length and 1 subterminal claw of 0.5 times dactylus length, with 1 thin terminal seta of intermediate length.

Pereopod 5 as long as pereopod 2, relative length ratios: 1:0.6:0.4:0.6:0.5:0.2, basis 4.1 times longer than wide with at least 6 broom setae dorsally, 2 rows with 5 small, acute and distally directed setae respectively, arranged dorsally and ventrally, with 1 large simple seta distoventrally; ischium 2.3 times longer than wide, with 2 setae dorsally, 2 groups of 3 closely together articulating setae, 1 group medioventrally and 1 group distoventrally; merus 1.8 times longer than wide, distodorsally extending with 1 simple and 1 very long bifurcate seta of 1.1 times merus length, with 3 setae ventrally; carpus 2.5 times longer than wide, ventrally with 3 setae and distoventrally with 3 setae, the strongest of which is bifurcate; propodus 3 times longer than wide, distodorsally projecting into an acute subtriangular lobe, with 2 simple setae distodorsally and 2 on the opposite side, 3 setae ventrally, articulating closely together; dactylus small, 3.7 times longer than wide, of half propodus length, 2 claws, terminal claw of 0.4 times dactylus length, subterminal claw of 0.3 times the length of dactylus, with 1 thin subterminal seta ventrally.

Pereopod 6 1.3 times pereopod 2 length, relative length ratios: 1:0.6:0.4:1:0.7:0.2, basis 3.9 times longer than wide, setation as in pereopod 5 except no setae dorsally; ischium 2.4 times longer than wide, with 5 setae dorsally, 9 setae in 3 groups ventrally; merus about 2.3 times longer than wide, distodorsally extending with 4 unequal setae, the longest little longer than the article and bifurcate, 2 groups of setae ventrally; carpus elongated, as long as basis, 7.7 times longer than wide, dorsally with 1 seta and 1 broom seta, with 1 simple and 1 bifurcate seta distodorsally, ventrally with 3 robust bifurcate setae and distoventrally with a group of 3 bifurcate setae of varying lengths; propodus slender, 6.8 times longer than wide, distodorsally projecting into an acute subtriangular lobe, 2 bifurcate setae ventrally and 2 distoventrally, the longest one 1.5 times longer than dactylus; dactylus 5 times longer than wide, 0.3 times propodus length, with a terminal claw of 1.4 times dactylus length and a subterminal claw less than half as long.

Pereopod 7 1.1 times longer than pereopod 2, relative length ratios and setation similar to pereopod 6 except basis without broom setae, but dorsally with row of more than 25 simple setae of twice the length of basis width and a ventral row of at least 5 simple setae.

Pleopods 1–4 (Fig. 14) relative length ratios: 1:0.9:0.6:0.4. Operculum of 0.7 times pleotelson length, opening width of distoventral excavation about 0.2 pleotelson width. Pleopod 1 elongate, proximal width about 0.4 times length, width at distolateral lobes 0.3 times length, laterally convex with minimal width about 0.1 times length, setation pattern mostly not symmetrical, distolateral lobes not projecting as wide distally as medial lobes, bent laterally and ventrally, medial lobes rounded, with 7 simple setae of different lengths and strengths arranged symmetrically. Pleopod 2 elongate, proximal width 0.3 times length, maximal width (including stylet) 0.4 times length, stylet almost 0.5 times total length of protopod, laterally with row of at least 11 pappose setae, and 9 long distal pappose setae, medially some simple setae. Pleopod 3 protopod of rhomboid shape, 0.4 times total length, endopod not considerably narrowing, with 3 plumose setae and 2 pairs of 2 short setae distally, exopod 0.9 times total endopod length, distally narrowing, with 1 seta subterminally, row of numerous long simple setae surrounding the exopod laterally incl. distal apex and getting shorter medially. Pleopod 4 protopod and exopod broken off and missing; with several very small setae on apex margin and 1 pronounced seta subterminally.

Uropod (Figs 10, 14) of two articles, 0.8 times pleotelson length, protopod 7.9 times longer than wide, endopod small and slender, less than 0.2 times the length of protopod.

Description paratype female.

Body (Fig. 15) elongate, 4.5 times longer than wide; maximal body width in pereonite 4, 1.6 times wider than pleotelson; pereonites 2–4 about the same width, 1.1 times pereonite 1 width, small ventral spine posteriorly on pereonite 3. Cephalothorax (Fig. 16) almost semicircular with maximal width at posterolateral corners, length 0.8 times width; slightly longer than 0.1 times total body length; transverse ridge on frons not very prominent, of curved shape. Anterior pereonal division (Fig. 16) 0.2 times total body length; 1.1 times longer than wide. Posterior pereonites (Fig. 16) relative medial segment lengths: 1:1.4:1.1:1.2; relative segment widths of pereonites 4–7: 1:0.9:0.8:0.8, pereonite 7 0.8 the width of pereonite 1. Pleotelson (Fig. 16) 0.2 times body length; about 1.7 times longer than wide; caudal apex slightly concave; breathing cavity maximal opening width 0.7 times pleotelson width, longitudinal excavation 0.2 times maximal pleotelson width.

Antenna 1 (Fig. 16) of 5 articles, 3.4 times longer than article 1 width; articles 1 and 5 as long as wide, fifth article 0.1 times total length, articles 2–4 2 times longer than wide, gradually decreasing in size; 1 aesthetasc on article 5, 0.6 times the length of antenna 1.

Antenna 2 (Fig. 16) relatively slender compared to male antenna 2; articles 1–3 as long as wide; article 4 half as wide as articles 1–3; article 5 0.6 times article 4 length and of same width.

Maxilla 1 (Fig. 16) inner endite shorter and more slender than outer endite, terminally narrowing, around distal apex, dorsally and along lateral margin with numerous long and some very small simple setae; outer endite 1.4 times longer than inner one, narrowing distolaterally, with at least 11 simple setae on lateral margin, with 4 combs of 2–4 simple setae on medial margin, numerous simple setae of different lengths distomedially and 12 robust distal setae, some two-sided denticulate on distal margin.

Maxilla 2 (Fig. 16) inner endite broadest, outer endite of intermediate width, medial endite longest, outer endite 0.8 times middle-endite length, inner endite 0.9 times middle-endite length; margin of inner endite with 12 long simple basomedial setae of more than half the length of endite, numerous small simple setae ventrally and laterally, distal margin with 8 robust setae: 5 simple and 3 denticulate; medial endite with 1 lateral row of simple setae, distally with 4 long simple setae; outer endite with small simple setae along both margins, distally with 4 stiff simple setae of different lengths, the longest of which is of more than half the length of the outer endite. Measurements of article lengths ratios and length-width ratios of articles are listed in Table 3.

Anterior pereopods (Fig. 17) increasing in length, relative length ratios, omitting basis: 1:1.2:1.3, with basis longest article. Shapes and setation as in holotype. Pereopod 2 basis damaged. Except: pereopod 3 relative length ratios and setation different from holotype: basis relatively elongated; ischium only 2.2 times longer than wide, dorsal expansion less prominent than in holotype; propodus 0.5 times the length of carpus; dactylus long and slender, 0.9 times carpus length; lengths and robustness of setae as well as the number of setae per row increased in merus and carpus.

Posterior pereopods (Fig. 18). Pereopod 4 shortest, length ratios: 1:1.6:2.0; pereopod 7 missing. Pereopod 4 0.7 times pereopod 1 length; dactylus 0.6 times propodus length. Pereopod 5 1.1 times longer than pereopod 1; all articles elongated compared to holotype, especially carpus and propodus. Pereopod 6 1.4 times longer than pereopod 1; with more setae in carpus and propodus.

Operculum (Figs 9, 18) length/width ratio 1.6, densely covered with small setules, with 4 setae alternating along medial line of fusion, numerous setae ventrolaterally along proximal margin, distally with 15 pappose setae. Pleopod 3 and 4 as in male (Fig. 14). Uropods broken off and missing in analysed specimens.

Sexual dimorphism.

The male specimen is more slender than the female, its pleotelson is less narrowing posteriorly. The antenna 1 is relatively smaller but wider than in female and with more aesthetascs. The antenna 2 is little larger in the male, almost 0.4 times the length of the total body, 0.3 in female. Pereopods are dimorphic by means of article length ratios while pereopod length in relation to body length and setation are identical in both sexes.

Etymology.

“Antennamagna” is derived from the Latin word for “big antenna” as the second antennae are conspicuously large in both sexes.

Remarks.

Macrostylis antennamagna sp. n. can be delimited from all other species by the large antenna 2, the three-lobed pars incisiva, the roundish appearance of the cephalothorax without a transverse ridge on frons and the shape of male pleopod 1. Macrostylis antennamagna sp. n. is most similar to Macrostylis urceolata Mezhov, 1989 which is the only known species of this genus with comparably prominent antenna 2. Both species also share the general appearance in dorsal view and have high similarities in following characters: mandibles, male pleopod 1 and ventral spines. Macrostylis antennamagna sp. n. can be distinguished from Macrostylis urceolata by the transverse ridge on frons lacking, antenna 1 being stouter, lacinia mobilis being smaller, the male pleopod 1 being wider and stouter, the smaller relative length of the pleotelson, and the “bifurcate” caudal tip of the pleotelson. Macrostylis gerdesi (Brandt, 2002), Macrostylis carinifera Mezhov, 1988, Macrostylis grandis Birstein, 1970, Macrostylis hirsuticaudis Menzies, 1962, Macrostylis longiremis (Meinert, 1890), Macrostylis minuscularia Mezhov, 2003, Macrostylis sarsi Brandt, 1992, Macrostylis sensitiva Birstein, 1970, Macrostylis ovata Birstein, 1970, and Macrostylis vinogradovae Mezhov, 1992 have a comparably long antenna 2. However, these species show distinct characters clearly delimitating them from Macrostylis antennamagna sp. n. of which only the most obvious are listed below: antenna 1 of Macrostylis gerdesi has nine articles, Macrostylis carinifera bears a posterior ventral spine on pereonite 4 and a much more stout pleopod 2, Macrostylis grandis and Macrostylis ovata have a much wider habitus in dorsal view, Macrostylis hirsuticaudis has an uniquely shaped pleotelson with an almost straight posterior end, the habitus of Macrostylis longiremis is constantly narrowing towards posteriorly and the cephalothorax bears spines in posterolateral corners, Macrostylis minuscularia has a comparably long but thinner antenna 2 and antenna 1 differs in article length ratios and size, Macrostylis sarsi shows a stouter habitus and more slender antenna 2, the latter is also true for Macrostylis sensitiva and Macrostylis vinogradovae.

Antenna 2 can be found even bigger in Macrostylis spinifera Sars, 1864, Macrostylis polaris Malyutina & Kussakin, 1996 and Macrostylis porrecta Mezhov, 1988. However, in Macrostylis spinifera shape and size ratios of male and female pleopods 1 and 2 differ from Macrostylis antennamagna sp. n. and in the other two species antenna 2 has more slender peducular articles and antenna 1 is bigger compared to Macrostylis antennamagna sp. n.

The slender habitus with almost parallel sides in dorsal view shown by Macrostylis antennamagna sp. n. is common in Macrostylidae. The “bifurcated” caudal end is also present in Macrostylis bifurcatus Menzies, 1962, although much stronger developed there. The pleopods 5 have not been found in both sexes. It is unclear, though, whether these have been broken off during dissection or if they are generally reduced in this species. The analysis of five specimens from two stations has revealed little individual variation. Variations in setal counts are probably allometric (compare Hessler 1970 for Desmosomatidae).

Additions to original description.

Pereopod 4 relative article length ratios: 1:0.5:0.5:0.4:0.3:0.1, basis 2.3 times longer than wide, with at least 5 broom setae, 1 short simple seta distodorsally; ischium 1.8 times longer than wide, with 1 short simple seta distodorsally; merus almost 1.8 times longer than wide, distodorsally with 1 stout bifurcate seta, distoventrally 2 acute simple setae, 1 reaching beyond propodal articulation; carpus 1.6 times longer than wide, distodorsally with 1 bifurcate seta, 1 broom seta distoventrally next to 1 long simple seta exceeding dactylus in length; propodus twice as long as wide, dorsally expanding into a distal lobe, with 1 long bifurcate seta distoventrally, exceeding dactylar claw, and 1 short and simple seta ventrally; dactylus small, twice as long as wide, about half propodus length and width, with 1 terminal stout and acute claw, 1.5 times article length, and 1 subterminal bifurcate claw, shorter than article, 2 setae terminally and 1 thin and long simple seta subterminally, twice as long as article.

Pereopod 5 propodus 3.3 times longer than wide, with 2 long simple setae distoventrally, thinner seta more than twice as long as dactylus, the stouter one almost reaching the tip of dactylus, 1 simple seta ventrally; dactylus 5 times longer than wide, half propodus length, with 3 simple, acute claws, terminal claw longer than dactylus, subterminal claw stout, robust and shorter than dactylus, second subterminal claw slender and more than twice as long as dactylus.

Pereopod 6 propodus expanding into a distal lobe, with 1 long bifurcate seta, reaching beyond tip of dactylus, with 1 very long and simple seta and 1 broom seta; dactylus 4.3 times longer than wide, with 1 terminal long and acute claw, 1.5 times dactylus length, and 1 subterminal claw, longer than article, with 2 thin and unequally long simple setae subterminally.

Additions to original description.

Ventral spine in pereonite 1, directed onteriorly; ventral spines in pereonites 2–3 and 5–7, directed posteriorly. Pereonites 4–6 slightly constricted towards anterior margin.

Remarks.

Re-examination revealed spines on all sternites not illustrated before, except from pereonite 4. In the latter a ventral constriction is present close to the posterior margin. In Macrostylis gerdesi comb. n. long sensory terminal setae on dactyli and additionally long sensory setae on propodi of posterior pereopods are considered to be apomorphies for Desmostylis. The value of these characters to discriminate between genera is discussed above. However, a dactylus is present in pereopod 4 and in contrast to the Macrostylis obscurus comb. n. holotype, pereopod 3 ischium is triangularly expanded in Macrostylis gerdesi comb. n. As a consequence of the character discussion listed above this species is transferred the genus Macrostylis.