Research Article |
Corresponding author: Bong-Kyu Byun ( bkbyun@hnu.kr ) Academic editor: Erik J. van Nieukerken
© 2018 Seung Jin Roh, Bong-Woo Lee, Bong-Kyu Byun.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Roh SJ, Lee B-W, Byun B-K (2018) Two new species of the genus Dahlica Enderlein (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) from Korea. ZooKeys 733: 49-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.733.20793
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The genus Dahlica Enderlein, 1912 is reported for the first time from Korea with two new species: Dahlica (Dahlica) somae Roh & Byun, sp. n. and Dahlica (Dahlica) ochrostigma Roh & Byun, sp. n. Adults and genitalia are illustrated, and DNA barcodes for precise identification of the species are also provided.
bagworms, DNA barcode, Naryciinae , new species, Psychidae
The family Psychidae is a medium-sized family of moths consisting of 241 named genera and 1,350 species (
The genus Dahlica was based on the type species Dahlica larviformis Enderlein, 1912 by Enderlein in 1912 (
Females of the genus Dahlica are unable to fly because of their degenerate wings (
In total, 42 species of the subgenus Dahlica have been reported worldwide and are distributed throughout the Palaearctic region in Europe (41 species) and Asia (one species) (
In this study, Dahlica (Dahlica) somae sp. n. and D. (D.) ochrostigma sp. n. are described as new species and the genus Dahlica is reported for the first time from Korea. All available information is presented, including the collection locations, micro-habitats, and illustrations of adults and their genitalia. DNA barcodes are also provided for precise identification of each species.
The material examined in this study is preserved in the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Hannam University (SEL/
Terminology and morphological characters of the adult, wing venation, and genitalia follows
Terminology of morphological characters. 1 Male (
Species with DNA barcodes and GenBank accession numbers used in this study.
Scientific name | Country | BIN number | Accession number (GenBank) | Basepair length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dahlica (Dahlica) somae sp. n. | Korea | BOLD:ADJ8202 | MF508656 | 658 |
D. (D.) somae | Korea | BOLD:ADJ8201 | MF664099 | 658 |
D. (D.) somae | Korea | BOLD:ADJ8201 | MF664100 | 658 |
D. (D.) ochrostigma sp. n. | Korea | BOLD:ADK4708 | MF508657 | 658 |
D. (D.) ochrostigma | Korea | BOLD:ADK8063 | MF664101 | 658 |
D. (D.) ochrostigma | Korea | BOLD:ADK8063 | MF664102 | 658 |
D. (D.) triquetrella (Hübner) | Canada | – | KR941436 | 591 |
D. (D.) triquetrella | Switzerland | – | KX045622 | 658 |
D. (D.) triquetrella | Slovenia | – | KX045823 | 658 |
D. (D.) lichenella (Linnaeus) | Canada | – | KR941275 | 591 |
D. (D.) fennicella (Suomolainen) | Finland | – | JX307942 | 657 |
D. (D.) lazuri (Clerck) | Finland | – | JX307894 | 657 |
D. (D.) goltella Rekelj & Predovnik | Slovenia | – | KX045455 | 658 |
D. (D.) charlottae (Meier) | Finland | – | JX307874 | 657 |
D. (D.) parthenogenesis (Saigusa) | Japan | – | LC094189 | 665 |
Dahlica (Postsolenobia) juliella (Rebel) | Slovenia | – | KX047137 | 658 |
Dahlica (Siederia) listerella (Linnaeus) | Japan | – | LC094179 | 665 |
D. (S.) listerella | Austria | – | KP150244 | 658 |
D. (S.) listerella | Finland | – | KJ192386 | 658 |
D. (S.) rupicolella (Sauter) | Finland | – | KJ192382 | 658 |
Dahlica (Bevantennia) adriatica (Rebel) | Slovenia | – | KX045214 | 658 |
Narycia emikoae Niitsu, Jinbo & Nasu | Japan | – | LC160295 | 658 |
Narycia duplicella (Goeze) | Slovenia | – | KX045830 | 658 |
N. duplicella | Belgium | – | KC305219 | 658 |
Data matrix for morphological characters (
Species | Male wingspan | Scales (classes) | Hindwing venation (M2/M3) | Genitalia index |
D. (D.) somae | 12.3–13.4 mm. | 2–4 | free | 1.46–1.56 |
D. (D.) ochrostigma | 9.8–11.2 mm. | 1–2 | short stalked | 0.79–1.08 |
Genomic DNA was extracted from the legs of dried specimen for males and thorax parts of immersion specimen for females, preserved in 100% alcohol using a Genomic Cell/Tissue Spin Mini Kit (Mbiotech, Inc., Hanam, Korea), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. A total of six specimens were sequenced for, the 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene, the DNA barcode, was amplified using the primer pair LepF1 and LepR1 (
The new barcodes were compared to 18 DNA barcodes of the genera Dahlica and Narycia downloaded from GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) (Table
Subgenus Dahlica Enderlein, 1912
Dahlica Enderlein 1912: 264.
Dahlica larviformis Enderlein, 1912: 264 by monotypy.
1 | Hindwing M2 and M3, originate at apical corner of posterior part of discoidal cell (Fig. |
D. (D.) somae sp. n. |
– | Hindwing M3 stalked at 1/4 M2, dorsum strongly arched to apical part (Fig. |
D. (D.) ochrostigma sp. n. |
Holotype. ♂, Korea: Daejeon, Mt. Heungnyongsan, 15.ii.2015, S.J. Roh & D.S. Kim, genitalia mounted on 80% glycerol solution, genitalia No. KNAESJ01, scales of forewing mounted on 80% glycerol solution, scales of forewing No. KNAESSJ01, venation of forewing No. KNAEVSJ01, DNA barcode accession No. MF508656. Deposited at SEL/
Paratypes. 2♂, 1♀. Korea: 1♂ Daejeon, Isa-dong, 2.ii.2015, S.J. Roh, genitalia mounted on 80% glycerol solution, genitalia No. KNAESJ02, scales of forewing mounted on 80% glycerol solution, scales of forewing No. KNAESSJ02, venation of forewing No. KNAEVSJ02, DNA barcode accession No. MF664099; 1♂ Daejeon, Mt. Heungnyongsan, 6.iii.2017, S.J. Roh & D.S. Kim, genitalia mounted on 80% glycerol solution, genitalia No. KNAESJ03; 1♀ Mt. Heungnyongsan, 6.iii.2017, S.J. Roh & D.S. Kim, DNA barcode accession No. MF664100. Deposited at SEL/
Male of this species is superficially similar to D. triquetrella (Hübner, 1813), but can be distinguished by a slightly longer transtilla and a relatively short ampulla of the male genitalia (lateral aspect). This species can be readily differentiated by the veins of the male hindwing; M2 and M3 originate at the apical corner of the posterior part of the discoidal cell. Female apophyses posteriores 1.75 times longer than apophyses anteriores.
Adult. Male (Figs
Female (Figs
Male genitalia (Figs
Female genitalia (Fig.
Larval case (Figs
Korea.
DNA barcode sequences were generated from three individuals. Multiple alignments using the BLAST tool in the NCBI database showed the following species as nearest neighbor: Dahlica charlottae with a similarity between 97 and 95%.
The species is named in honor of Ms. Da-Som Kim, collector of the material.
Holotype. ♂ Korea: Gangwon-do, Taebaek-si, Changjuk-dong, 6.iii.2015, S.J. Roh & J.H. Jeon & T.H. Yoo, genitalia mounted on 80% glycerol solution, genitalia No. KNAESJ04, scales of forewing mounted on 80% glycerol solution, scales of forewing No. KNAESSJ03. venation of forewing No. KNAEVSJ03, Deposited at SEL/
Paratypes. 7♂, 3♀. Korea: 3♂, 2♀, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Nodong-ri, 6.iii.2015, S.J. Roh & J.H. Jeon & T.H. Yoo, male genitalia mounted in 80% glycerol solution, genitalia No. KNAESJ05, scales of forewing mounted in 80% glycerol solution, scales of forewing No. KNAESSJ04, venation of forewing No. KNAEVSJ04, DNA barcode accession No. of male MF508657, DNA barcode accession No. of female MF664101; 4♂, 1♀ Gangwon-do, Taebaek-si, Changjuk-dong, GW, 6.iii.2015, S.J. Roh & J.H. Jeon & T.H. Yoo, scales of forewing mounted in 80% glycerol solution, scales of forewing No. KNAESSJ05, DNAbarcode accession No. of female MF664102. Deposited at SEL/
Male, this species is superficially similar to D. somae sp. n., but can be distinguished by slightly shorter antennae, a narrow forewing, and the venation of hindwing M3 stalked at 1/4 of M2. This species can be readily differentiated by the dorsum of male genitalia, which is strongly arched to the apical part and in the shape of a hat, and a very short phallus (lateral aspect). Female, apophyses posteriores 1.16 times longer than apophyses anteriores.
Adult. Male (Figs
Male of Dahlica (Dahlica) ochrostigma. 13 Male, holotype 14 Close-up of rightwing-pattern, Paratype (Korea, Gangwon-do, Taebaek-si, Changjuk-dong, GW, 6.iii.2015) 15 Antenna, ditto 16 Scales of forewing, holotype (slide No. KNAESSJ03) 17 Absence of foreleg-tibia, holotype 18 Genitalia, holotype (slide No. KNAESJ04), lateral view 19 Ditto, dorso-ventral view.
Female (Figs
Females. 20Dahlica (Dahlica) ochrostigma preserved in 70% ethanol, paratype (Korea, Gangwon-do, Taebaek-si, Changjuk-dong, GW, 6.iii.2015) 21 Ditto, head and antenna, macerated 22 Ditto, legs, foreleg to hindleg (left to right), macerated 23 Ditto, genitalia, macerated 24Dahlica (Dahlica) somae, paratype (Korea, Daejeon, Mt. Heungnyongsan, 6.iii.2017) 25 Ditto, head and antenna, macerated 26 Ditto, legs, foreleg to hindleg (left to right), macerated 27 Ditto, genitalia, macerated.
Male genitalia (Figs
Female genitalia (Fig.
Larval case (Figs
Microhabitat and larval cases with pupal exuviae. 30 Microhabitat of Dahlica (Dahlica) ochrostigma (Korea: Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Nodong-ri, 6.iii.2015). 31 Ditto, close up 32 Male of Dahlica (Dahlica) somae, larval case with pupal exuviae 33 Female of D. (D.) somae, ditto 34 Male of D. (D.) ochrostigma, ditto 35 female of D. (D.) ochrostigma, ditto.
Korea.
DNA barcode sequences were generated from three individuals (Table
The specific name is derived from the Greek words ochro and stigma (= pale spots), referring to the forewing pattern.
The taxonomy of Dahlica has until recently been confusing owing to the similar morphology of the species in this genus and those in the allied genera Siederia, Postsolenobia, Brevantennia, and Praesolenobia. The proposal by
Most species of the genus Dahlica have been reported from Europe (48 species) to date, only one species, D. (D.) parthenogenesis Saigusa, 1961 was collected in Japan (
We thank Mr. JH Jeon, TH Yoo, and Ms. DS Kim (Systematic Entomology Lab., Hannam University Korea) for their assistance in collecting specimens. This study was carried out with the support of the ‘R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (Project No.: S111616L050120)’ provided by Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute) and Korea National Arboretum (Project No. KNA1-1-20, 16-1).