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Research Article
New contributions to the leafhopper genus Gladkara from Thailand (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini)
expand article infoYuehua Song§, Zizhong Li|, Christopher H. Dietrich§, Can Li
‡ Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
§ University of Illinois, Champaign, United States of America
| Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
¶ Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
Open Access

Abstract

General characteristics of Gladkara Dworakowska and a checklist to all the known species of this genus are provided. A new species Gladkara klongensis Song & Dietrich, sp. n. from Thailand is added.

Keywords

Auchenorrhyncha , Homoptera , morphology, new species, taxonomy

Introduction

The leafhopper genus Gladkara was established by Dworakowska (1995) with G. albida Dworakowska as its type species. The genus previously contained 13 species, all of which were distributed in the Oriental Region. In this work, one more new species from Thailand is described and illustrated and a checklist of all known species of this genus worldwide is provided.

Materials and methods

Morphological terminology used in this work follows Dietrich (2005). Habitus photos were taken using a Canon EOS 5D Mark II camera and the Camlift V2.7.0 software. Multiple photographs of each specimen were compressed into final images with Zerene Stacker (64-bit) software. Body length was measured from the apex of crown to the tip of forewings. Abdomens were removed from specimens and cleared in cold 10% KOH solution overnight. The cleared material was rinsed with water and stored in glycerine. An Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope was used for specimen study and Olympus BX41 and BX53 stereoscopic microscopes were used alternately for drawing of the dissected male genitalia and wings. The holotype of the new species is deposited at the Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden (QSBG), Chiang Mai, Thailand and additional specimens examined are deposited at the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA (UIUC) and the School of Karst Science (SKS), Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.

Results

Gladkara Dworakowska, 1995

Gladkara Dworakowska, 1995: 4; Dworakowska 2011: 10

Type species

Gladkara albida Dworakowska, 1995

Diagnosis

Dorsum beige or white. Color pattern absent or brown. Head narrower than pronotum, crown produced in midline anteriorly. Face convex. Pronotum with large impressions medially. Forewing with AA vein prominent, all known species with dark patch in 3rd apical cell except the type species. Hind wing venation usual for Erythroneurini.

Male 2S abdominal apodemes broad, reaching 3S posterior margin.

Male genitalia

Genital capsule cylindrical, slightly laterally compressed. Pygofer side broad, with caudal margin oval to square, with numerous sparse long fine setae, with or without enlarged macrosetae scattered at ventrolateral angle; dorsal appendage moveably articulated to the lobe, simple or bifurcate far from base, extended to pygofer apex or extended beyond pygofer apex; ventral appendage absent; segment X appendage present. Subgenital plate lamellate, with small latero-basal articulation with style, about 4–5 macrosetae in single or double row, setae of basal group in an oblique or longitudinal row, intergrading into marginal microsetae. Style long and slim, apical part tapering, smooth or adorned with sculpture; preapical lobe small. Connective lamellate, lateral arms long, stem reduced and central lobe desclerotized to various degree. Aedeagus with or without processes, aedeagal shaft tubular; dorsal apodeme with distinct V-shaped ligaments, connected to anal tube and/or pygofer dorsal appendages; preatrium about as long as or shorter than shaft; gonopore apical or subapical on ventral surface.

Distribution. India; Brunei; Vietnam and Thailand.

Gladkara klongensis Song & Dietrich, sp. n.

Figs 1–8, 9–18

Specimens examined

Holotype: ♂, THAILAND, Surat Thani, Khao Sok NP Klong Morg Unit, 8°53.725'N, 98°39.025'E, 87 m, Malaise trap, 16-23.xii.2008, coll. Pongphan (QSBG). Paratypes: 3♀♀, same data as holotype (INHS, SKS).

Diagnosis

This species has its own salient characteristics as follows: pygofer with a bifurcate dorsal appendage (Fig. 10), segment X appendage twisted medially and hook-like apically (Fig. 11); style extremely elongated, with many cellular sculpturing apically (Fig. 14); aedeagus with long and tubular shaft, and a single short tooth-like process arising from preatrium (Fig. 18).

Description

Ground color pale beige. Eyes grey (Figs 1–3). Face pale beige; apex of frontoclypeus slightly darker in male; coloration extremely pale in female (Figs 4, 8). Pronotum pale anterolaterally, blackish beige medially and posteriorly (Figs 1, 3). Scutellum beige, with prominent scutellar suture (Figs 1, 3). Fore wing beige, with an irregular big dark brown spot at 3rd apical cell (Figs 1, 2).

Male abdominal apodemes broad, extending to the hind margin of third sternite (Fig. 9).

Male genitalia. Pygofer with dorsal appendage movably articulated (Fig. 10), segment X appendage elongated, twisted medially, and hook-like apically (Figs 11, 12). Pygofer lobe broadened, with two long fine setae arising from dorso-caudal margin and several long fine setae scattered near caudal margin medially (Fig. 10). Subgenital plate solid, much longer than hind margin of pygofer lobe, with four macrosetae on lateral surface and numerous stout setae along upper margin from sub-base to apex of plate, several microsetae scattered apically (Figs 10, 13). Style extremely elongated, with many cellular sculptures apically; preapical lobe small (Figs 14, 16). Connective V-shaped with lateral arms long and slim, widely divergent; stem short; central lobe absent (Fig. 15). Aedeagus with a single short toothlike process arising from preatrium; preatrium little shorter than length of shaft in lateral view, expanded in ventral view; shaft slender, tubular, slightly tapered distally in lateral view; gonopore apical (Figs 17, 18).

Figures 1–8. 

Gladkara klongensis Song & Dietrich, sp. n. Male (♂): 1 Habitus, dorsal view 2 Habitus, lateral view 3 Head and thorax, dorsal view 4 Face; Female (♀): 5 Habitus, dorsal view 6 Habitus, lateral view 7 Head and thorax, dorsal view 8 Face.

Figures 9–18. 

Gladkara klongensis Song & Dietrich, sp. n. 9 Abdominal apodemes 10 Genital capsule 11 Segment X appendage 12 Details of connections between segment X, dorsal pygofer appendage and dorsal ligament of aedeagus 13 Subgenital plate 14 Style 15 Connective 16 Subgenital plate, style and connective 17 Aedeagus, lateral view 18 Aedeagus and connective, caudal view.

Measurements

Body length, male 3.7 mm; females 3.5–3.6 mm.

Remarks

This species is similar to G. lisiogon Dworakowska, 1995 from Brunei (Ulu Temburong) in the form of the aedeagus, but differs in having the dorsal pygofer appendage bifurcate apically (Fig. 12); the single short tooth-like process arising from aedeagal preatrium (Fig. 18); and the aedeagus dorsal apodeme not strongly expanded in caudal view (Fig. 18).

Etymology

The specific name is derived from a part of the type locality name in which all examined species were collected.

The species of the genus Gladkara worldwide and their distributions

1. Gladkara albida Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: India.

2. Gladkara bramka Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

3. Gladkara cellularis Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

4. Gladkara hirsuta Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

5. Gladkara interrupta Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

6. Gladkara klara Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

7. Gladkara klongensis Song & Dietrich, sp. n. Distribution: Thailand.

8. Gladkara lisiogon Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

9. Gladkara obligata Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

10. Gladkara pulchra Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

11. Gladkara quadrata Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

12. Gladkara sclerosa Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

13. Gladkara vietnamica Dworakowska, 2011 Distribution: Vietnam.

14. Gladkara zavijka Dworakowska, 1995 Distribution: Brunei.

Acknowledgements

The study was partly supported by the National First Class Discipline Construction Project of Guizhou province “geography of Guizhou Normal University” (Qian Jiao Keyan Fa [2017]85) the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Guizhou Province (Qian Jiao Yan He GZS Zi, No. [2016] 04), the Special Foundation for the Excellent Youth Science and Technology Scholars of Guizhou Province (Qian Ke He Ren Zi, No. [2015] 17), the Natural Science Research Project of Education Department of Guizhou Province (Qian Jiao He KY Zi, No. [2015] 357), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guizhou Province (Qian Ke He Ren Cai [2016] 4020) and the National First Class Discipline Construction Project of Guizhou province “Ecology of Guizhou Normal University” (Qian Jiao Keyan Fa [2017]85).

References

  • Dworakowska I (1995) Yeia gen. nov. and some other Typhlocybinae (Insecta: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden 57(1/5): 1–35.
  • Dworakowska I (2011) On several genera of leafhoppers of the tribe Erythroneurini from the Pacific rim (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Nova Supplementa Entomologica 22: 1–90.
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