from Icelandic (BioIce and IceAGE), Norwegian coastal and arctic (Svalbard) and Faroese waters. (For an extensive list of examined material see Table 1.).

Holotype: IceAGE ZMH K-47225, female 3 mm (slide).

Paratypes: Slides: BioIce 2367 male, 3 mm IINH37914; BioIce 2367 female, 3 mm IINH37915; MareanoR1225-RP112 female 4 mm ZMBN121953; IceAGE 1006 male, 3 mm ZMBN121952. Wet-sample: TSZCr 14338 (8 specimens).

ZMH K-47225: IceAGE station 1057 (61.6417, -31.3562) (2504m).

IINH37914, IINH37915: BioIce station 2367 (64.3800, -9.4300) (719m); TSZCr 14338: UNIS course-station JM 369-05 (80.5313, 10.5777) (819 m); ZMBN121953: Mareano station R1225-RP112 (70.4748, 31.7340) (401 m); ZMBN121952: IceAGE station 1006 (62.5508, -20.3750) (1386 m).

This species is known from BioIce/IceAGE stations in deep and cold waters north and east of Iceland, from deep stations in the Faroe-Shetland Channel, several deep stations north in the Norwegian Sea and from one deep station in the polar basin. It appears to be confined to cold and deep waters (see Fig. 1).

Illustrations are all from paratypes: Figs 2–4 of ZMBN121952, except for Fig. 3 pereopod 1 dactylus (1b) which is from ZMH K-47225 and Fig. 4 uropod 3 and telson that are both from BioIce station 2367.

Description is based on a composite of studied material. No observed sexual dimorphism.

Head. Rostrum subequal to peduncle article 1 of antenna 1, curved. Eyes absent. Cephalic lobes produced, broadly rounded, tips of mouthparts just visible under the edge of cephalon. Antenna 1 subequal to antenna 2; peduncle strong, longer than six-articulate flagellum; accessory flagellum absent. Setae on both peduncle and flagellum few and short. Antenna 2 peduncle longer than eight-articulate flagellum. Few and short setae distally on peduncle articles, all articles of the peduncle are longer than broad.

Labrum symmetrically bilobed. Mandible molar small but triturative, rounded cone-shaped, with setation on entire chewing area, which is ridged; incisor serrate; eleven accessory spines; palp slender, 3-articulate; article 1 is shorter than article 2, which is shorter than article 3; article 3 with setae; lacinia mobilis laterally expanded. Labium symmetrical, without inner lobes. Maxilla 1 palp biarticulate, with two apical setae; inner plate reduced, with one seta; outer plate with eight robust and six thinner setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate shorter than outer plate, nine setae on distal margin; outer plate long and thin with four distal setae. Maxilliped inner plate reaching end of merus, well separated, thin, two robust distal setae; outer plate reaches middle of carpus of palp, one robust seta and ridge of serrations; palp slim, heavily setulated on propodus.

Mesosome dorsally smooth; segment 3 is shorter than segment 4. Coxa 1 reduced and covered by coxa 2, which is longer than broad. Coxa 2 distal margin serrate and with setae. Coxa 3 and 4 distal margin not serrate, without setae. Coxa 5–7 concave.

Pereopod 1 basis longer than propodus, upper half distally widened, few and short setae; carpal lobe well developed, reaching 65% of posterior margin of propodus; propodus triangular; palm oblique, serrate with setae, no seta defining palmar corner, anterodistal tooth of medium size (half as long as the base of dactylus is broad); dactylus smooth with few, thin setae on inner margin. Pereopod 2 basis little longer than propodus, upper half not as widened distally as pereopod 1; carpal lobe covers all of posterior margin of propodus; propodus elongate, palm oblique, serrate with minute setae, no setae defining the palmar corner, anterodistal tooth well developed (same size as the breadth of the base of dactylus); dactylus inner margin weakly serrate on proximal half. Pereopod 3 missing in holotype. Pereopod 4 basis with four anterior setae, dactylus half-length of propodus. Pereopod 5 with posterior lobe on basis and merus. Pereopod 6 with posterior lobe on basis; posterior lobe on merus boat-shaped; carpus shorter than propodus; dactylus more than half length of propodus. Pereopod 7, posterior lobe on basis and merus, meral lobe covers 50% of carpus; dactylus more than half-length propodus.

Metasome smooth. Epimeral plates 1 and 3 rounded; plate 2 right-angled. Urosome smooth; segment 1 long; segments 2 and 3 shorter. Uropod 1 peduncle longer than rami; outer ramus marginally longer than inner; three to four setae on outer margins. Uropod 2 peduncle longer than rami; outer ramus half-length of inner; setae on both rami. Uropod 3 peduncle with clear flange, smooth; outer ramus weakly shorter than inner ramus; uropod 3 longer than telson. Gills on segments 2 to 7; oostegites on segments 2 to 6. Telson elongate and boat-shaped; distal end entire, acute and with one seta.

Living colour. Semi-transparent, virtually colourless.

Iceland, Faroe Channel, Norwegian Sea, Polar basin. Has only been found in cold and deep water.

This species is easily recognized because it lacks eyes and has an anterodistal tooth on the propodi of pereopods 1 and 2. Amphilochus manudens and A. hamatus are the only other Amphilochidae having this tooth, but unlike Amphilochus anoculus sp. n., they both have eyes. The telson has a robust seta distally, a character not seen in any other Amphilochidae. The flange on the distal end of uropod 3 peduncle is also a good character-state to use when separating it from A. hamatus. A synoptic list of characters separating the three species is shown in Table 2.

This species appears to be restricted to cold water (it is only found at a temperature range of -0.6 °C to +1.7 °C. Three stations from the Mareano-project have higher temperatures than this (stations R1180 RP86, R1200 RP90 and R1225 RP112). These are also the three of the shallowest stations where this species has been found, and constitute a statistical outlier in the dataset. They are all in the eastern Barents Sea, an area where winter-temperatures are much colder, and thus still might fall within the proposed ecological niche of the species. It has been found north and east of Iceland, south of the Faroe Islands, north in the Norwegian Sea and in the Polar basin, at depths ranging from 303 to 2100 meters. In contrast, the closely related Amphilochus manudens has, during BioIce, IceAGE, and several other collection efforts in the area been found mainly at depths from 81 to 360 meters, with single specimens found at 772 and 1390 meters (see Fig. 1 for specimens from BioIce and IceAGE). No Amphilochus manudens were found in the Faroe-samples from AkvaplanNiva.

The name anoculus (an = no, oculus = eye) refers to the absence of eyes. It is a noun in apposition.

Although Amphilochus manudens is one of the best described species within the Amphilochidae (Sars 1890–95; Lincoln 1979; KrappSchickel 1982), we have included a redescription of material from Iceland, to facilitate direct comparison with the new species.

all drawings are made from specimens found during the BioIce program. For the complete set of drawings (Figs 5–8) we have used specimens IINH37889 (BioIce 2207), IINH37887 (BioIce 2215) and IINH37885 (BioIce 2237). Type material not examined. Additional material of Amphilochidae from a Statoil funded baseline survey of some Faroe waters has been examined, and only Amphilochus anoculus and Amphilochus tenuimanus were found. We have also examined all Amphilochidae from the BioFar program, and only Amphilochus manudens was found (no Amphilochus anoculus sp. n.). During a cruise in the Polar basin in 2005 both Amphilochus manudens and Amphilochus anoculus sp. n. were found, but at different stations (see discussion below). Material from several Norwegian surveys (summarised in the project NorAmph) and the IceAGE project included several Amphilochus manudens. For information about the specific sample-stations, see Table 1.

Head. Rostrum curved, smaller than peduncle article 1 of antenna 1. Eyes round, no ommatidial framing, small, deep brown-red in colour. Cephalic lobe produced, distally acute. Antenna 1 subequal to antenna 2; peduncle article 1 is longer than article 2, which is longer than article 3; peduncle is longer than six-articulate flagellum; accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncle longer than eight-articulate flagellum; peduncle articles have few short setae.

Labrum asymmetrically bilobed. Mandible molar small but triturative, cone-shaped, with a row of short setae around the ridged chewing area; incisor serrate; nine accessory spines; palp slender, 3-articulate; article 1 is shorter than article 2, which is longer than article 3; article 3 with two long setae distally and distal third of margin serrate; lacinia mobilis laterally expanded. Labium symmetric; inner lobes reduced. Maxilla 1 palp 2-articulate, with eight setae; inner plate reduced, with 1 seta; outer plate with six strong setae and two rows with four and three smaller setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate shorter than outer plate, six long setae distally and a row of five short, three long and five short setae; outer plate is long and thin with three distal setae. Maxilliped inner plate is long and thin, well separated, three short and strong setae distally; outer plate reaches just past merus of palp; palp slim, heavily setulated on carpus and propodus.

Mesosome dorsally smooth; length segment 3 is smaller than segment 4. Coxa 1 reduced and covered by coxa 2, which is longer than broad. Coxa 2 distal margin serrate, with setae. Coxa 3 concave; distal margin serrate, without setae. Coxa 4 distal margin serrate; without setae. Coxa 5–7 concave.

Pereopod 1 basis longer than propodus, upper half distally widened, few and short setae on anterior margin, longer setae on posterior margin; carpal lobe well developed, 50% of posterior margin of propodus; propodus subtriangular, proximal half of oblique palm serrate, distal half with short evenly spaced setae, no seta defining palm, anterodistal tooth strong; dactylus longer than palm, narrow and acute, apparently smooth. Pereopod 2 basis longer than propodus, linear, several short setae; one robust seta distally on ischium; merus with small distal ‘hook’; carpal lobe covers 100% of posterior margin of propodus, lined with setae posteriorly, small crown of setae distally; propodus elongate with a regularly convex serrate palm without seta, anterodistal tooth strong; dactylus longer than palm, narrow, apparently smooth. Pereopod 3 coxa elongate, pereopod 4 coxa posteriorly produced, both with basis to propodus anterior edge lined with short setae, dactylus more than half propodus. Pereopod 5 to 7 basis and merus with posterior lobes; carpus shorter than propodus; dactylus longer than half propodus.

Metasome smooth. Epimeral plate 1 with small, blunt posterodistal tooth, distal margin convex; plate 2 angular, distal margin convex; plate 3 with clear posterodistal tooth, distal margin weakly concave. Urosome smooth; segment 1 as long as segments 2 and 3 together. Uropod 1 peduncle and rami subequal; rami subequal; setae on outer ramus. Uropod 2 peduncle subequal to inner ramus; outer ramus about half-length of inner ramus; setation on both rami. Uropod 3 peduncle longer than rami; outer ramus is shorter than inner ramus; rami longer than telson; rami with setae.

Gills on segments 2 to 6. Oostegites on segments 2 to 5. Telson elongate; distal end entire and acute; no setae.

North East Atlantic and Arctic Ocean (Lincoln, 1979); Barents Sea and Murmansk area (Gurjanova 1951; Vader and Bryazgin 1998; Vader et al. 2001); Spitsbergen (Stephensen 1935; Vader et al. 2001); Mediterranean (Marseilles, Capri) (Krapp-Schickel 1982); amphi-Atlantic (Watling 1979); Gulf of St Lawrence (Brunel et al. 1998).

Drawings are made from IINH37894 (BioIce 2077), IINH37898 (BioIce 2236), IINH37900 (BioIce 2318) and IINH37903 (BioIce 2367). Material from IceAGE and NorAmph has been used for molecular sequencing and comparisons. For a list of stations for the material, see Table 1. Type material not examined. The drawings are shown on Figs 9–12.

Head. Rostrum curved, reaches tip of article 1, antenna 1. Eyes not evident, but an ill-defined eye-patch can be seen. Cephalic lobe produced distally and rounded. Antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2; second peduncle-article with a triangular production on the apex the size of third peduncle article; peduncle subequal to ten-articulate flagellum; no accessory flagellum. Antenna 2 peduncle longer than flagellum; short setae on peduncle, and a pair of long setae at tip of flagellum.

Labrum asymmetrically bilobed. Mandible molar small but triturative, cone-shaped; incisor serrate; ten accessory spines; palp slender, 3-articulate with series of short setae on article 3, one long seta at tip; lacinia mobilis laterally expanded. Labium symmetric, with inner lobe reduced; sharp tooth making tip of outer lobe look dentate. Maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate, with a crown of two robust setae and a serrate distal margin; inner plate reduced, 1 seta; outer plate with four and eight heavy and five smaller setae. Maxilla 2 long and thin; inner plate shorter than outer plate; three heavy setae and eight smaller setae on outer plate; inner plate with seven short setae distally and one to two thin setae medially. Maxilliped inner plate small and thin, well separated, just reaching past ischium; outer plate reaching mid-merus, two strong setae distally, serrations on inner margin; palp slim, heavily setulated on carpus and propodus.

Mesosome dorsally smooth; segment 3 shorter than segment 4. Coxa 1 reduced, subquadratic and covered by coxa 2, which is longer than broad. Coxa 2 distal margin smooth, no setae. Coxa 3 concave, smooth, with setae on distal margin. Coxa 4 distal margin smooth with setae. Coxa 5–7 concave.

Pereopod 1 basis subequal to propodus length, upper half distally widened, three long setae posteriorly; carpal lobe 65% of propodus posterior margin; propodus subtriangular, palm oblique, serrate, no setae defining palmer corner, anterodistal tooth of medium size; dactylus with inner margin partly serrate. Pereopod 2 basis weakly longer than propodus, linear; merus with a clearly defined “hook” on posterior side, close to carpus; carpal lobe 100% of propodus posterior margin, boat-shaped with a row of setae on margin; propodus subovate, palm oblique, defined mostly by its serration and upper third with small setae, no setae defining palmar corner, anterodistal tooth large (same size as breadth of the base of dactylus); dactylus inner margin with a row of small and strong setae, otherwise smooth. Pereopod 3 posterior margin of basis with an even row of slender setae; merus with small lobe. Pereopod 4 basis with very thin setae. Pereopods 5 and 6 basis and merus with posterior lobes; dactylus longer than half-length propodus. Pereopod 7, basis and merus with posterior lobes.

Metasome smooth. Epimeral plates rounded, no teeth. Urosome smooth; segment 1 long; segments 2 and 3 short. Uropod 1 peduncle subequal to rami; rami subequal; both peduncle and outer ramus with marginal setae. Uropod 2 peduncle subequal to inner ramus; outer ramus half-length of inner ramus; setation on peduncle and rami. Uropod 3 peduncle marginally longer than rami; outer ramus half-length of inner ramus; rami shorter than telson; setation on peduncle and rami. Gills on segments 2 to 6. Oostegites on segments 2 to 6. Telson elongate, longer than broad; distal end entire and tridentate, all lobes rounded; no setae.

This species appears to have a wide depth range based on our collections (206 to 1407 m), although Stephensen (1925) found it only in deep water (700 to 2702 m). The temperatures it has been found at range from -0.6 to +7.0 °C. It is also recorded from the deep Norwegian Sea (Dahl 1979), the Arctic basin (Gurjanova 1951), Greenland (Brandt et al. 1996) and the deep polar basin (Tzvetkova and Golikov 2001).