The genus Braunsia Kriechbaumer, 1894 from China with description of two new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae)

Pu Tang; Cornelis van Achterberg; Xue-xin Chen

doi:10.3897/zookeys.705.14717

Research Article

The genus Braunsia Kriechbaumer, 1894 from China with description of two new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae)

Pu Tang^‡, Cornelis van Achterberg^§|, Xue-xin Chen^‡

‡ Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

§ Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands

| Northwest University, Xi’an, China

Corresponding author: Xue-xin Chen ( xxchen@zju.edu.cn )

Academic editor: Jose Fernandez-Triana

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Tang P, van Achterberg C, Chen X-X (2017) The genus Braunsia Kriechbaumer, 1894 from China with description of two new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae). ZooKeys 705: 95-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.705.14717

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40FC56C3-EC1B-4566-983B-BEEC257B2E91

Abstract

The species of Braunsia Kriechbaumer, 1894 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) from China are revised and ten species are recognized. Two new species, B. guangdongensis sp. n. and B. shenyangensis sp. n., are described and illustrated. B. fumipennis (Cameron, 1899), B. pilosa Belokobylskij, 1986, B. postfurcalis Watanabe, 1937, and B. smithii (Dalla Torre, 1898), are recorded from China for the first time. A key to the Chinese species of the genus Braunsia is provided.

Keywords

Agathidinae , Braunsia , China, key, new record, new species, taxonomy

Introduction

Braunsia Kriechbaumer, 1894, is a medium-sized genus of the subfamily Agathidinae (Braconidae) mostly distributed in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions (Shenefelt 1970; Bhat and Gupta 1977; Yu et al. 2017). Sharkey et al. (2006) treated four nominal genera, Metriosoma Szépligeti, 1902, Lissagathis Cameron, 1911, Laccagathis Watanabe, 1934, and Pholeocephala van Achterberg, 1988, as synonyms of Braunsia s.l. However, Metriosoma (= Lissagathis) and Laccagathis form a separate group because of the absence of notauli and precoxal sulcus combined with a shallow or nearly flat frons behind the antennal socket. Laccagathis has the pronotum emarginate medio-anteriorly combined with a shallowly impressed frons. Therefore, we provisionally retain Laccagathis as a separate genus because of the apomorphous character states (including the absence of a lateral carina anteriorly on the lateral lobes of the mesoscutum). Hence, we exclude the only species known from China (Laccagathis formosana Watanabe, 1934, reported from Taiwan and Zhejiang) in this paper (Chen and Yang 2006; Chou and Sharkey 1989). Metriosoma differs also from Laccagathis by the presence of a deep antescutal depression. The remainder of Braunsia is united by the deeply depressed frons behind the antennal socket. Pholeocephala differs by the protuberance on the stemmaticum and a pair of converging grooves medially on the mesoscutum (both are absent in Braunsia s.s.).

Chou and Sharkey (1989) recorded two species of Braunsia from Taiwan, viz., B. bipunctata Enderlein, 1906, and B. longicoxa Bhat & Gupta, 1977. Chen and Yang (2006) proposed a new species (Braunsia pappi Chen & Yang, 2006) and reviewed the Chinese species, but they overlooked the two species (B. antefurcalis Watanabe, 1937, and B. matsumurai Watanabe, 1937) recorded by He et al. (2001) for China. In total, five species of Braunsia were actually known from China prior to our study.

During our study of Chinese Agathidinae, we discovered ten species of Braunsia (of which only three were known from China before), B. antefurcalis, B. fumipennis (Cameron, 1899), B. guangdongensis sp. n., B. longicoxa, B. matsumurai, B. pappi, B. pilosa Belokobylskij, 1986, B. postfurcalis Watanabe, B. shenyangensis sp. n. and B. smithii (Dalla Torre, 1898). In this paper both new species are described and illustrated and a key to the Chinese species of Braunsia is provided. The problematic variation of B. bipunctata Enderlein is discussed.

Materials and methods

This study is based on specimens preserved in the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection of Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (ZJUH), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS), Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (SEMS), the Entomological Museum of the China Agricultural University, Beijing, China (CAU) and the Naturalis Biodiversity Center collection, Leiden, The Netherlands (RMNH).

The terminology and measurements used follow van Achterberg (1993). All descriptions and measurements were made under a Zeiss Stemi 2000-C microscope; figures were made by a digital camera (Q-Imaging, Micropublisher, 3.3 RTV) attached to a stereomicroscope (Leica MZ APO, Germany) and Auto-Montage Pro version 5.0 software. Type specimens are deposited in the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection of the Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (ZJUH).

Key to Chinese species of the genus Braunsia Kriechbaumer

1	Vein cu-a of fore wing postfurcal or interstitial (Figs 39, 54, 62); ovipositor sheath slightly or not widened (Figs 35, 51); pterostigma light brown or yellow (Figs 39, 54, 62); malar space similarly coloured as head, and if paler, then not or hardly contrasting with surrounding colour (Figs 41, 56, 65)	2
–	Vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal (Figs 6, 14, 22, 31, 46); ovipositor sheath ribbon-shaped widened (Figs 1, 10, 19, 28, 42); pterostigma dark brown or black (Figs 6, 14, 22, 31, 46); malar space ivory and distinctly contrasting with surrounding colour (Figs 5, 15, 21, 30, 44)	6
2	Length of first tergite 2.8–3.0 times its apical width (Fig. 58); first tergite almost entirely smooth (Fig. 58); length of second tergite 1.7 times its width (Fig. 58); ovipositor sheath almost as long as body (Fig. 51); fore wing without an isolated stigmal spot (Fig. 54)	B. postfurcalis Watanabe
–	Length of first tergite 1.8–2.0 times its apical width (Figs 40, 67); first tergite largely longitudinally carinate (Figs 40, 67); length of second tergite 1.2 times its width (Figs 40, 67); ovipositor sheath distinctly shorter than body (Figs 42, 60); fore wing with an isolated stigmal spot (Fig. 62) or with a large dark brown area below parastigma (Fig. 46)	3
3	Propodeum with a closed areola; hind leg yellowish brown (Fig. 35); vein cu-a of fore wing distinctly postfurcal (Fig. 39); stigmal spot included in a dark brown area below parastigma reaching at least middle of fore wing (Fig. 39)	4
–	Propodeum without a closed areola (Fig. 68); hind leg black (Fig. 66); vein cu-a of fore wing almost interstitial (Fig. 62); fore wing with a small isolated stigmal spot (Fig. 62)	B. shenyangensis sp. n.
4	Vein 1-R1 of fore wing yellowish, similar to colour of pterostigma; dark brown area below parastigma up to middle of fore wing	B. smithii (Dalla Torre)
–	Vein 1-R1 of fore wing dark brown, darker than yellowish pterostigma (Fig. 39); dark brown area below parastigma nearly up to posterior border of fore wing (Fig. 39)	5
5	Basal half of first tergite with distinct striae (Fig. 40); hind tibia brownish yellow (Fig. 35); tegulae and mesoscutum with same colour (Fig. 38)	B. matsumurai Watanabe
–	Basal half of first tergite smooth; hind tibia whitish yellow basally, contrasting with brownish yellow remainder of hind tibia; tegulae whitish yellow, contrasting with brownish yellow mesoscutum	B. pappi Chen & Yang
6	Antenna, hind coxa and hind femur black (Figs 10, 42)	7
–	Antenna, hind coxa and hind femur yellowish brown (Figs 1, 19, 28)	8
7	Hind tibia black (Fig. 18); mesosoma largely yellowish brown (Figs 12, 16); length of first tergite 3.3 times its apical width (Fig. 17); apical half of first tergite more or less striate (Fig. 17)	B. fumipennis (Cameron)
–	Hind tibia brown (Fig. 50); mesosoma black (Figs 45, 49); length of first tergite 2.3 times its apical width (Fig. 48); apical half of first tergite smooth (Fig. 48)	B. pilosa Belokobylskij
8	Length of first tergite 4.2–5.3 times its apical width (Fig. 34); wing membrane dark brown, but apical third infuscate (Fig. 31); length of second tergite 2.2–2.3 times its apical width (Fig. 34)	B. longicoxa Bhat & Gupta
–	Length of first tergite 2.7–3.8 times its apical width (Figs 8, 26); wing membrane evenly dark brown (Figs 6, 22); length of second tergite 1.5–1.8 times its apical width (Figs 8, 26)	9
9	Length of first tergite 2.7–2.8 times its apical width (Fig. 26); length of hind femur 5.2–5.3 times as long as wide (Fig. 27); area below face and clypeus ivory (Fig. 24)	B. guangdongensis sp. n.
–	Length of first tergite 3.2–3.6 times its apical width (Fig. 8); length of hind femur 5.6–6.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 9); area below face and clypeus black or dark brown (Fig. 3)	B. antefurcalis Watanabe

Braunsia antefurcalis Watanabe, 1937

Figs 1–9

Braunsia antefurcalis Watanabe, 1937: 90; Shenefelt 1970: 370; Belokobylskij 1989: 67; Sharkey 1996: 59; 1998: 529; He et al. 2001: 373.

Braunsia romani Shestakov, 1940: 12; Shenefelt 1970: 375 (syn. by Belokobylskij 1989).

Braunsia graciliventris Belokobylskij, 1989: 70 (syn. by Sharkey 1996).

Material examined

China (ZJUH). Zhejiang prov.: 5♀♀4♂♂, Fengyangshan, 11.VII.1984, Shen Lirong, Nos. 843301, 843302, 843303, 843305, 843306, 843307, 843308, 843309, 843310; 14♀♀18♂♂, same data, but 12.VII.1984, Nos. 843372, 843387, 843373, 843381, 843382, 843392, 843429, 843384, 843383, 843363, 843388, 843389, 843390, 843398, 843376, 843380, 843371, 843369, 843364, 843365, 843379, 843366, 843374, 843385, 843386, 843368, 843367, 843375, 843393, 843394, 843395, 843397; 6♀♀4♂♂, same data, but 13.VII.1984, Nos. 843542, 843553, 843537, 843538, 843547, 843546, 843536, 843551, 843543, 843549, 843550; 2♀♀2♂♂, same data, but 16.VII.1984, Nos. 843670, 843669, 843666, 843672; 3♀♀6♂♂, same data, but 18.VII.1984, Nos. 843752, 843754, 843746, 843748, 843753, 843747, 843744, 843745, 843749; 3♀♀, same data, but 19.VII.1984, Nos. 843767, 843769, 843771; 1♀, same data, but 29.VII.2007, Wang Yiping; 2♀♀4♂♂, Longquan Fengyangshan Fengyangjian, 27.VII.2007, Liu Jinxian, Nos. 200801320, 200801343, 200801347, 200801348, 200801349, 200801350; 1♀, same data, but 30.VII.2007, No. 200802856; 1♀1♂, Qingyuan Baishanzu, 27.V.1993, Wu Hong, Nos. 946490, 946495; 3♀♀, same data, but 21.VIII.1993, Nos. 940639, 940640, 940641; 1♀, same data, but 18.VII.1994, No. 9406817; 1♀, Xitianmushan Xianrending, 27.VII.1998, Zhao Mingshui, No. 993045; 1♀, same data, but 16.VIII.1998, Chen Xuexin, No. 997286. Fujian prov.: 1♀, Dazhulan, 29.VII.1983, Wang Jiashe, No. 854446; 1♀, same data, but 15.VII.1994, Chen Xuexin, No. 941935; 1♂, Wuyishan Huanggangshan, 14.VII.1983, Liu Minghui; 1♀, Wuyishan Tongmu, 14.VII.1994, Cai Ping, No. 943444. Shaanxi prov.: 1♀, Qinling Tiantaishan, 3.IX.1999, Chen Xuexin, No. 991274. Sichuan prov.: 6♀♀13♂♂, Wolong, 20.VII.2006, Wang Yiping; 1♂, Wolong, 21.VII.2006, Wang Yiping. Henan prov.: 1♀, Baotianman, 13–15.VII.1998, Ma Yun, No. 987472; 1♀, same data, but 15.VII.1998, No. 987194. China (SHEM). Zhejiang prov.: 1♂, Qingyuan Baishanzu, 24.VII.1963, Jin Gentao, No. 34021437. Fujian prov.: 1♀, Fengyangshan, 24.VI.1932, No. 34021479. China (RMNH). Zhejiang prov.: 1♀, Fengyangshan, 11.VII.1984, Shen Lirong, No. 843304; 3♀♀1♂, same data, but 12.VII.1984, Nos. 843370, 843377, 843391, 843378; 1♂, same data, but 18.VII.1984, No. 843750.

Figures 1–9.

Braunsia antefurcalis Watanabe, 1937. ♀, China. 1 habitus, lateral aspect 2 head, dorsal aspect 3 head, front aspect 4 mesosoma, lateral aspect 5 head, lateral aspect 6 fore wing 7 mesosoma, dorsal aspect 8 metasoma, dorsal aspect 9 hind femur and tibia.

Remarks

Braunsia antefurcalis is very similar to B. guangdong sp. n. and B. longicoxa. The differences between them are in the lengths of the first tergite, second tergite, and hind femur as well as the colour pattern in face, clypeus, and wing membranes.

Distribution

Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Henan, Sichuan, Shaanxi); Japan; Russia (Yu et al. 2017).

Braunsia bipunctata Enderlein, 1906

Braunsia bipunctata Enderlein, 1906: 263; Shenefelt 1970: 371; Bhat and Gupta 1977: 64; Chou and Sharkey 1989: 175; Chen and Yang 2006: 105.

Remarks

Chou and Sharkey (1989) and Chen and Yang (2006) recorded this Indonesian species from Taiwan and Fujian, respectively, but these specimens may be misidentified. According to the description by Chou and Sharkey (1989) and Chen and Yang (2006) their specimens differ from the Indonesian B. bipunctata by having a complete and regular basal transverse carina on the propodeum (transverse propodeal carina partly weakly developed and irregular in B. bipunctata) and the large stigmal spot of the fore wing connected to a dark brown band below it (without dark band below stigmal spot in B. bipunctata). Unfortunately, we did not have access to these specimens and their taxonomic position remains uncertain.

Distribution

Oriental region. China (Fujian?, Taiwan?); Indonesia (Yu et al. 2017).

Braunsia fumipennis (Cameron, 1899)

Figs 10–18

Microdus fumipennis Cameron, 1899: 96.

Disophrys fumipennis : Dover 1925: 40.

Bassus fumipennis : Thompson 1953: 94.

Braunsia fumipennis : Baltazar 1963: 2; Shenefelt 1970: 373; Bhat and Gupta 1977: 69; Sharkey and Clutts 2011: 87.

Braunsia pumatica van Achterberg & Long, 2010: 45 (syn. by Sharkey and Clutts 2011).

Material examined

Vietnam (RMNH). Holotype of B. pumatica, ♀, “S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P. Krong K’Mar, Mal. traps 740–900 m, 2–10.vii.2007, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”. China (ZJUH). Yunnan prov.: 1♂, Xishuangbanna, 30.VII.2003, Xu Zaifu, No. 20055461. China (SHEM). Tibet: 1♀, Motuo Kabu, 7.V.1980, Jin Gentao & Wu Jianyi, No. 34201571.

Figures 10–18.

Braunsia fumipennis (Cameron, 1899). ♀, China. 10 habitus, lateral aspect 11 head, front aspect 12 mesosoma, lateral aspect 13 head, dorsal aspect 14 fore wing 15 head, lateral aspect 16 mesosoma, dorsal aspect 17 metasoma, dorsal aspect 18 hind leg.

Remarks

Braunsia fumipennis is similar to B. pilosa, but differs in the the body colour pattern (hind tibia brown; mesosoma black); shorter length of first tergite (2.3 times its apical width); and apical half of first tergite smooth.

Distribution

Oriental region. China (Yunnan, Tibet) new record; India; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam (Yu et al. 2017).

Braunsia guangdongensis sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/B331A16C-C0B0-4BB9-89E3-34C467998D0C

Figs 19–27

Material examined

Holotype. ♀, Guangdong prov., Longmen Nankunshan, 14–15.VII.2003, Xu Zaifu, No. 20053640 (ZJUH). Paratypes: 2♂♂, same data, but No. 20053619, 20053641 (ZJUH); 1♀, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan Nanling, 23.VII.2003, Xu Zaifu, No. 20049043 (ZJUH); 1♀, same data, but 18.VII.2003, No. 20049357 (ZJUH); 2♀♀, Guangdong prov., Meizhou Fengxi, 29.VII.2003, Chen Jujian, No. 20048502, 20048677 (ZJUH).

Figures 19–27.

Braunsia guangdongensis sp. n., ♀, holotype. 19 habitus, lateral aspect 20 head, dorsal aspect 21 head, lateral aspect 22 fore wing 23 mesosoma, lateral aspect 24 head, front aspect 25 mesosoma, dorsal aspect 26 metasoma, dorsal aspect 27 hind leg.

Diagnosis

Body black. Antenna, hind coxa and hind femur yellowish brown. Area below face and clypeus ivory. Wing membrane evenly dark brown. Vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal. Length of hind femur 5.2–5.3 times as long as wide. Length of first tergite 2.7–2.8 times its apical width. Ovipositor sheath ribbon-shaped widened.

Description

Holotype, ♀, length of body 9.0 mm, of fore wing 7.0 mm.

Head. Antennal segments 45, length of third segment 1.15 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.5, 2.2 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; in dorsal view head transverse and 1.3 times as wide as mesoscutum; length of eye 2.2 times temple; POL:OD:OOL = 9:6:13; antennal sockets not tubular; occipital flange sharp; malar space 1.8 times as long as basal width of mandible; face shiny with sparse fine punctures, frons and vertex smooth.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; lateral lobes of mesoscutum almost smooth, sparsely finely punctate anteriorly; middle lobe with sparse fine punctures; notauli deep, smooth; scutellar sulcus 0.5 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum and with one carina; scutellum convex anteriorly, smooth and with long setae; mesopleuron above precoxal sulcus largely smooth; mesopleuron below precoxal sulcus setose, with sparse fine punctures; precoxal sulcus wide, shallow and distinctly crenulate; metapleuron mainly smooth with long setae; propodeum setose, with a strong transverse carina subbasally, rugose posteriorly; spiracle medium-sized, round, 1.8 times as long as wide.

Wings. Fore wing: second submarginal cell pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, with rather long ramellus, 0.9 times as long as vein 2-SR (14:15); r:3-SR:SR1 = 8:3:72; 2-SR:3-SR:r-m = 15:3:15; vein cu-a antefurcal. Hind wing: vein 2-SR+M transverse; vein M+CU 0.5 times as long as 1-M; surroundings of cu-a glabrous.

Legs. Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.2, 9.2 and 5.0 times their width, respectively; hind coxa smooth; hind femur with short and sparse setosity; outer side of apical third of middle tibia with a row of 4 pegs; outer side of apex of hind tibia with a cluster of 6 pegs; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.5 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.4 times hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. First tergite slender shiny, rugulose near apex, slightly and roundly widened apically; length of first tergite 2.7 times its apical width; dorsal carinae of first tergite divergent and on three-fourths of tergite; second tergite 1.6 times as long as wide apically and with posteriorly diverging striae, apical third of second tergite with transverse furrow; anterior half of third tergite striate and apical half finely granulate; remainder of metasoma smooth, ovipositor sheath wide and ribbon-shaped, as long as fore wing.

Colour. Black; malar space, lower part of temple and face laterally narrowly ivory, clypeus, palpi and medial part of face pale yellow; antenna, legs and metasoma yellowish-brown, but tarsi paler than tibiae; wing membrane rather dark brown.

Male. Unknown.

Variations

Vein M+CU of hind wing 0.5–0.6 times as long as 1-M; length of first tergite 2.7–2.8 times its apical width; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.2–5.3, 9.0–9.4 and 5.0–5.2 times their width; outer side of apical third of middle tibia with a row of 3–5 pegs; outer side of hind tibial apex with cluster of 67 pegs.

Distribution

Oriental region. China (Guangdong).

Biology

Unknown.

Remarks

This new species is very similar to B. antefurcalis Watanabe, but differs in having the first tergite 2.7–2.8 times as long as its apical width; length of hind femur about 5.2–5.3 times as long as its width and area below face and clypeus ivory.

Etymology

From “Guangdong”, the province of the type locality.

Braunsia longicoxa Bhat & Gupta, 1977

Figs 28–34

Braunsia longicoxa Bhat & Gupta, 1977: 74; Chou and Sharkey 1989: 176; Chen and Yang 2006: 106.

Material examined

China (ZJUH). Guangxi prov.: 1♀, Longsheng Huaping, 25–26.VI.1982, He Junhua, No. 823503. Hainan prov.: 1♀, Jianfengling Tianchi, 22–23.X.2007, Liu Jingxian, No. 200710767. China (CAU). Guangxi prov.: 1♂, Huaping Hongtan, 12.VI.1963, Yang Jikun.

Figures 28–34.

Braunsia longicoxa Bhat & Gupta, 1977. ♀, China. 28 habitus, lateral aspect 29 head, dorsal aspect 30 head, front aspect 31 fore wing 32 mesosoma, lateral aspect 33 mesosoma, dorsal aspect 34 metasoma, dorsal aspect.

Remarks

Similar body colour pattern to B. antefurcalis and B. guangdong sp. n., but differs in having long first and second tergites; colour pattern in wing membrane (only dark brown in apical half).

Distribution

Oriental region. China (Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan); Philippines (Yu et al. 2017).

Braunsia matsumurai Watanabe, 1937

Figs 35–41

Braunsia matsumurai Watanabe, 1937: 89; Shenefelt 1970: 373; Belokobylskij 1989: 62; Sharkey 1996: 60; He et al. 2001: 373.

Material examined

China (ZJUH). Zhejiang prov.: 1♀, Anji Longwangshan, 31.VIII.1993, Ma Yun, No. 9310355; 2♀, same data but Chen Xuexin, No. 939821, No. 9310700; 2♂♂, Linhai, 19.V.1935. 1♀, Xitianmushan, 5.VI.1989, He Junhua, No. 890810; 1♂, 12.VI.1933. Fujian Prov.: 1♀, Wuyishan, 13.VII.1986, Wang Jiashe, No. 865590; 1♀, Wuyishan Dazhulan, 31.VII.1983, Ma Yun, No. 833095. Hunan Prov.: 1♀, Daoxian, 31.VII.1982, Tong Xinwang, No. 846381. Guangdong Prov.: 1♀, Nankunshan, 8.VI.2002, Xu Zaifu, No. 20028808; 1♂, Ruyuan Nanling, 23.VII.2003, Xu Zaifu, No. 20049058. Guangxi Prov.: 1♀, Longsheng Huaping Tianpingshan, 22.VI.1982, He Junhua, No. 823257; 1♀, Longzhou Nonggang, 18.V.1982, He Junhua, No. 821478. China (SHEM). Fujian Prov.: 1♀1♂, Guangze Siqian, 30.IV.1960, Jin Gentao & Lin Yangming, Nos. 34021494, 34021495; 1♀, Wuyishan, 18.VII.1985, Jin Gentao, No. 34013761; 1♀, Jianning Jinraoshan, 11.VII.1959, Jin Gentao & Lin Yangming, No. 34021285. Zhejiang Prov.: 1♀, Tianmushan, 11.VI.1936, O. Piel, No. 34021444; 1♀, Taishun, 27.VI.1963, Jin Gentao, No. 34021391. China (RMNH). Zhejiang Prov.: 1♀, Anji Longwangshan, 31.VIII.1993, He Junhua, No. 9310703. Hunan Prov.: 1♀, Dayong, 27.VII.1983, Wu Huifang, No. 840657; 1♀, Jiangyong Daboshui, 24.VII.2008, Su Tianming, 25°22.418'N, 111°16.219'E.

Figures 35–41.

Braunsia matsumurai Watanabe, 1937. ♀, China. 35 habitus, lateral aspect 36 head, dorsal aspect 37 head, front aspect 38 mesosoma, lateral aspect 39 fore wing 40 metasoma, dorsal aspect 41 head, lateral aspect.

Remarks

This species is similar to B. pappi, especially in the colour pattern, but differs in the basal half of first tergite with distinct striae; hind tibia brownish yellow; tegulae and mesoscutum with same colour (tegulae whitish yellow, contrasting with brownish yellow mesoscutum in B. pappi).

Distribution

Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi); Japan; Korea (Yu et al. 2017).

Braunsia pappi Chen & Yang, 2006

Braunsia pappi Chen & Yang, 2006: 107.

Remarks

This species is only recorded from China (Fujian). It is similar to B. matsumurai, and see the differences between them in the diagnosis of B. matsumurai. The illustrations of B. pappi provided by Sharkey and Yu clearly show that the length of first tergite is actually 1.8 times as long as its apical width not 3.0 times as mentioned in the description of Chen and Yang (2006).

Distribution

Oriental region. China (Fujian) (Yu et al. 2017).

Braunsia pilosa Belokobylskij, 1986

Figs 42–50

Braunsia pilosa Belokobylskij, 1986: 33; 1989: 64; Sharkey 1996: 61.

Material examined

China (ZJUH). Henan Prov.: 1♀, Songxian Baiyunshan, 19.VII.1996, Cai Ping, No. 985703. Yunnan Prov.: 1♀, Chuxiong, 18.IX.1981, Li Fasheng, No. 200012392. Zhejiang Prov.: 1♀, Tianmushan, 21.VII.1936, O. Piel; 1♀, Xitianmushan, 21.VII.1937. China (SHEM). Anhui Prov.: 1♀, Huangshan, 24.VIII.1964, Jin Gentao, No. 34021301. Zhejiang Prov.: 1♀, Xitianmushan, 20.VII.1937, No. 34021450; 1♀, Xitianmushan, 30.VII.1937, No. 34021452.

Figures 42–50.

Braunsia pilosa Belokobylskij, 1986. ♀, China. 42 habitus, lateral aspect 43 head, dorsal aspect 44 head, front aspect 45 mesosoma, lateral aspect 46 fore wing 47 head, lateral aspect 48 metasoma, dorsal aspect 49 mesosoma, dorsal aspect 50 hind femur and tibia.

Remarks

This species almost melanistic, the wings infuscate; apical half of first tergite smooth; ovipositor sheath ribbon-shaped and widened.

Distribution

Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. China (Henan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Yunnan) new record; Japan; Russia (Yu et al. 2017).

Braunsia postfurcalis Watanabe, 1937

Figs 51–59

Braunsia postfurcalis Watanabe, 1937: 88; Shenefelt 1970: 375; Belokobylskij 1989: 60; Sharkey 1996: 62.

Material examined

China (ZJUH). Zhejiang Prov.: 1♀, Xitianmushan, 3.VIII.1984, Shen Lirong, No. 844646. China (SHEM). Anhui Prov.: 1♀, Huangshan, 26.VIII.1964, Jin Gentao, No. No. 34021299.

Figures 51–59.

Braunsia postfurcalis Watanabe, 1937. ♀, China. 51 habitus, lateral aspect 52 head, front aspect 53 head, dorsal aspect 54 wings 55 mesosoma, lateral aspect 56 head, lateral aspect 57 mesosoma, dorsal aspect 58 metasoma, dorsal aspect 59 hind femur and tiba.

Remarks

This species yellowish brown, the wings and pterostigma yellow; the first tergite is almost entirely smooth; the ovipositor sheath is long, almost as long as body; fore wing without isolated stigma spot.

Distribution

Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. China (Zhejiang, Anhui) new record; Japan (Yu et al. 2017).

Braunsia shenyangensis sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/AEFB0A4F-B8B4-4577-B499-2E86EFE6CD38

Figs 60–68

Material examined

Holotype. ♀, China, Liaoning prov., Shenyang, IX.1955, No. 6503222 (ZJUH).

Figures 60–68.

Braunsia shenyangensis sp. n., ♀, holotype. 60 habitus, lateral aspect 61 head, dorsal aspect 62 wings 63 head, front aspect 64 mesosoma, lateral aspect 65 head, lateral aspect 66 hind leg 67 metasoma, dorsal aspect 68 mesosoma, dorsal aspect.

Diagnosis

Body brownish yellow. Hind leg black. Fore wing with a small isolated stigmal spot. Pterostigma yellow. Propodeum without a closed areola. Vein cu-a of fore wing almost interstitial; Length of first tergite 1.8 times its apical width. First tergite entirey longitudinally carinate. length of second tergite 1.2 times its width. Ovipositor sheath not widened, distinctly shorter than body.

Description

Holotype, ♀, length of body 15.1 mm, of fore wing 13.5 mm.

Head. Antennal segments missing; in dorsal view length of eye twice temple; POL:OD:OOL = 8:6:14; occipital flange large, its ventral margin convex bellow; face shiny smooth with sparse punctures; frons smooth, vertex smooth, sparsely setose.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; lateral lobes of mesoscutum almost smooth; notauli deep, smooth, scutellar sulcus 0.5 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum and with 3 carinae; scutellum smooth, distinctly convex anteriorly and sloping posteriorly; mesopleuron above precoxal sulcus shiny and smooth, below precoxal sulcus shiny with minute punctures; precoxal sulcus narrow, similar to a smooth groove; metapleuron smooth; propodeum with a subbasal transverse carina, without a closed areola, spiracle large, elliptical, close to lateral carina and 2.8 times as long as wide; lateral carina of propodeum completely.

Wings. Fore wing: second submarginal cell pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, with rather long ramellus, 1.4 times as long as vein 2-SR (14:10); r:3-SR:SR1 = 9:4:70; 2-SR:3-SR:r-m = 14:4:14; vein cu-a almost interstitial. Hind wing: vein 2-SR+M transverse; vein M+CU 0.9 times as long as 1-M; surroundings of vein cu-a sparsely setose.

Legs. Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.9, 8.3 and 8.6 times their width, respectively; hind coxa smooth; hind femur with short and dense setosity; outer side of apical third of middle tibia with a row of 4 pegs and cluster of 4 pegs at apex; outer side of apex of hind tibia with a cluster of 6 pegs; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.5 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.4 times hind basitarsus, respectively.

Metasoma. First tergite moderately long, widened apically, 1.8 times its apical width; first tergite entirely longitudinally striate; dorsal carinae of first tergite strong, diverging apically; second tergite as long as third tergite, deep striate transverse groove on apical third; third tergite with parallel striae but smooth on extreme apex; striate transverse groove on apical third wide; remainder of metasoma smooth with sparse setae apically; ovipositor sheath broken; ovipositor about as long as fore wing.

Colour. Brownish yellow; fore wing with a brown stigmal spot; apical third of wings infuscate and basal two-thirds yellow; parastigma yellow; hind leg black; metasoma black, but basal half of first and second tergites and ventral part of first-third metasomal segments brownish yellow.

Male. Unknown.

Distribution

East Palaearctic region. China (Liaoning).

Biology

Unknown.

Remarks

This new species is very similar to B. matsumurai Watanabe, but differs by having no closed areola on the propodeum; the fore wing with a small isolated stigmal spot; the hind leg black; and vein cu-a of the fore wing almost interstitial.

Etymology

From “Shenyang”, the type locality of the species.

Braunsia smithii (Dalla Torre, 1898)

Agathis flavipennis Smith, 1863: 12 (not Agathis flavipennis Brullé, 1846).

Braunia flavipennis : Shenefelt 1970: 372.

Agathis smithii Dalla Torre, 1898: 143 (replacement name).

Braunsia devriesi van Achterberg & Long, 2010: 36. (syn. by Sharkey and Clutts 2011).

Material examined

Vietnam (RMNH). Holotype of B. devriesi, ♀, “N. Vietnam: Viet Tri, n[ea]r Thanh Son, Thuong Cuu, 20°59'E, 105°8'N, 350–400 m, 11–16.x.1999, Malaise traps, R. de Vries, RMNH’99”. China (IZCAS). Yunnan prov.: 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 14.X.1957, Zang Lingchao, No. 1911274; 1♀, Jinggu, 1000 m, 13.V.1957, Panfilov, No. 1911276.

Diagnosis

Body bright brownish-yellow; fore wing with dark brown stigmal spot; wing membrane yellowish; vein cu-a of fore wing distinctly postfurcal.

Distribution

Oriental region. China (Yunnan) new record; Vietnam; Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia (Sharkey and Clutts 2011).

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. M. Sharkey (University of Kentucky, USA), Dr. D. Yu (Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada), and Dr. S. Stoelb (University of Kentucky, USA) for their assistance during our study of the Chinese Agathidinae. We also thank Dr. H.S. Yin and L. Dai (Shanghai, China) for the loan of specimens in the Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences to be studied, and Dr. H. Xiao and Dr. H. Liu (Beijing, China) for allowing the specimens in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences to be studied. This research was supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31230068), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401996), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0201000), the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (2014M560486), the National Science Special Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (2015T80622) and the Natural Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups (31321063).

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