Research Article |
Corresponding author: Xiaoli Tong ( xtong@scau.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Laurence Mound
© 2017 Chao Zhao, Xiaoli Tong.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Zhao C, Tong X (2017) Two new species and two new records of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripinae from China (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). ZooKeys 694: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.694.14616
|
Two new species of fungivorous Phlaeothripinae, Mystrothrips levis sp. n. and Urothrips lancangensis sp. n., are described from China. Pentagonothrips antennalis Haga & Okajima and Plectrothrips bicolor Okajima are newly recorded in China.
leaf litter thrips, Mystrothrips , new species, Urothrips
The species of fungivorous Phlaeothripinae belong to Phlaeothrips lineage, which are usually taken from dead branches or leaf-litter and feed on fungal hyphae (
All thrips specimens were extracted by using Tullgren funnels from leaf litter, and then sorted and preserved in 90% alcohol. Examined specimens were mounted into Canada balsam using the method outlined by
(females and males all apterous). Holotype. Female aptera: CHINA, Guangdong: Guangzhou City, South China Botanical Garden (23Guangdong: Guan), in leaf litter of bamboo, 9.viii.2014 (Chao Zhao).
Paratypes. 8 females 2 males, collected with holotype; 5 females 1 male, the same locality but collected on 20.xi.2015 (Chao Zhao).
Female aptera (Fig.
Head (Fig.
Pronotum dorsal surface almost smooth but with faint transverse lines anteriorly; notopleural sutures complete; five pairs of major setae long and expanded (Fig.
Pelta nearly semicircular in shape with short lateral lobes, distinctly reticulate, a pair of campaniform sensilla present (Fig.
Measurements (holotype female in microns). Distended body length 2030. Head length 190, width 185; eyes length 50; postocular setae length 75. Antennae length 470, segments I–VIII length (width) as follows: 49(43); 53(41); 68(32); 67(34); 65(34); 61(30); 54(24); 52(12). Pronotum median length 140, width across median part 310; length of major setae: pronotum anteromarginal setae 48, anteroangular setae 68, midlateral setae 90, posteroangular setae 85, epimeral setae 80. Metanotum median setae 40. Pelta length 100, width at base 170. Abdominal tergite IX S1 setae length 190, intermediate setae length 85, S2 length 190. Tube length 155, width at base 93, at apex 42; anal setae length 135.
Male aptera (Fig.
Measurements (paratype male in microns). Distended body length 1620. Head length 160, width 155; eyes length 35; postocular setae length 70. Antennae length 375, segments I–VIII length (width) as follows: 34(36); 44(29); 50(32); 50(31); 55(28); 50(25); 45(20); 45(13). Pronotum median length 125, width across median part 260; length of major setae: pronotum anteromarginal setae 60, anteroangular setae 45, midlateral setae 73, posteroangular setae 66, epimeral setae 63. Metanotum median setae 30. Pelta length 65, width at base 110. Abdominal tergite IX setae S1 length 145, intermediate setae length 60, S2 length 45. Tube length 130, width at base 80, at apex 32; anal setae length 110.
China (Guangdong).
The specific epithet, levis, is from the Latin adjective, meaning “smooth”, and refers to the dorsal surface of head and pronotum which are largely smooth. In contrast, most species of this genus are sculptured with distinct polygonal reticulation on head and pronotum.
Of the seven species worldwide listed in the genus Mystrothrips (
Pentagonothrips antennalis Haga & Okajima, 1979: 147.
CHINA, Hunan: 2 females and 1 male, Zhuzhou City, Yanling County, Shennong Valley (26°29'N, 114°01'E), in leaf litter, 16. ix. 2014 (Chao Zhao). Hubei: 1 male, Huanggang City, Yingshan County, Taohuachong (30°99'04"N, 116°02'76"E), in leaf litter, 23.iv.2014 (Chao Zhao).
Dorsal surface of body entirely reticulate; head longer than width, cheeks distinctly incut behind eyes; postocular setae well-developed with expanded at apex. Antennae 7-segmented, morphological segments VII and VIII fused with an incomplete suture, segments III and IV with two and three sense cones, respectively. Maxillary stylets short, wide apart. Pronotum with five pairs of well-developed major setae, strongly expanded at apex. Basantra absent. Fore tarsal tooth present in both sexes. Pelta transverse, shaped as a squashed ellipse, with distinctly polygonal reticulation. Sternite VIII with pair of stout or leaf-like posteromarginal setae submedially. Tube short than head. Pore plate of male absent.
China (Hunan, Hubei); Japan.
The monobasic genus, Pentagonothrips, was originally established from Japan (
Plectrothrips bicolor Okajima, 1981: 313.
CHINA, Guangdong: 1 female, Guangzhou City, Arboretum of South China Agricultural University (23°09'N, 113°21'E), in leaf litter, 20.xi.2004 (Jun Wang); 1 male, Guangzhou City, Dafushan Forest Park (22°57'N, 113°18'E), in leaf litter of Litchi chinensis,17.iv.2016 (Chao Zhao).
Body bicolored, yellow and brown. Head, thorax and tube brown, abdomen yellowish brown; all legs yellow; antennal segments II and III yellow, remaining segments brown. Head longer than broad, dorsal surface smooth except weakly sculptured posterolaterally. Antennal segments III and IV with two and three sense cones, respectively, segment VI with two sense cones. Maxillary stylets short, maxillary bridge developed and arched. Pronotum smooth, surrounded by stippled membrane with a distinct median longitudinal line. Metanotum with longitudinal striae medially. Mid tibia and hind tibia with one and two apical spur-like stout setae, respectively. Forewing parallel-sided with seven duplicated cilia. Pelta irregularly triangular with slender lateral lobes and a pair of campaniform sensilla. Abdominal tergites II–VII each with a pair of wing retaining setae; sternites V–VII with a pair of worm-like reticulate areas in both sexes; tergite IX S1 and S2 setae pointed, S1 setae longer than S2 but shorter than tube; tergite IX in male with a small median projection on posterior margin.
China (Guangdong); Japan; Indonesia.
This genus now includes 32 species in the world (
(females and males all apterous). Holotype. Female aptera, CHINA, Yunnan province, Pu’er City, Lancang County, Nuozhadu Nature Reserve (22°30'N,100°34'E, alt. 1840m), 5.xi.2016 (Chao Zhao).
Paratypes. 6 females, 3 males, collected with holotype.
Female aptera (Fig.
Head (Fig.
Pronotum transverse and rectangular (Fig.
Abdomen broadest at segment II and tapering evenly to the tube. Abdominal tergite I transverse and distinctly sculptured, closely fused to tergite II, and clearly separated from metanotum (Fig.
Measurements (holotype female in microns). Body length 1400. Head length 180; maximum width 190. Pronotum length 110; median width 250; epimeral setae 20. Metathoracic epimeral setae 20. Abdominal tergite IX length 120, basal width 75, distal width 40. Tube length 130, basal width 22, apical width 25; anal setae 430. Antennal segments I–VIII length (width) as follows: 20(36), 28 (31), 37 (23), 39 (24), 45 (20), 40 (15), 47 (12).
Male aptera. (Fig.
Measurements (paratype male in microns). Body length 1050. Head length 160; maximum width 160. Pronotum length 90; median width 185; epimeral setae 13. Metathoracic epimeral setae 13. Abdominal tergite IX length 105, basal width 55, distal width 40. Tube length 115, basal width 20, apical width 22; anal setae 370. Antennal segments I–VIII length (width) as follows: 22(33), 23 (31), 32 (19), 29 (22), 33 (20), 31(17), 39(13).
China (Yunnan).
The specific epithet is named after the type locality, Lancang County, Yunnan Province, China.
There are ten species recognized in this genus (
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31372236), the Key Project for National Groundwork of Science & Technology (No. 2013FY111500-5-3) and the Pilot Programme of Biodiversity Survey and Assessment (No. 2016HB2096001006). The first author would like to thank Dr. Xingmin Wang (South China Agricultural University) for his assistance during collecting trips. We also acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions provided by the editor and referees.