Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zong-Qing Wang ( zqwang2006@126.com ) Academic editor: Dominic Evangelista
© 2017 Meng Li, Yan-Li Che, Yu-Hong Zheng, Zong-Qing Wang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li M, Che Y-L, Zheng Y-H, Wang Z-Q (2017) The cockroach genus Sorineuchora Caudell, 1927 from China (Blattodea, Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae). ZooKeys 697: 133-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.13617
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In this paper, three new species (S. bimaculata sp. n., S. viridis sp. n., and S. hispida sp. n.) and five known species, S. formosana (Matsumura, 1913), S. nigra (Shiraki, 1908), S. shanensis (Princis, 1950), S. bivitta (Bey-Bienko, 1969), and S. undulata (Bey-Bienko, 1958), are described and illustrated. Sorineuchora undulata was previously synonymized with S. nigra, and is now reinstated as a valid species. A key to the males of Sorineuchora from China is provided.
Blattellidae , distribution, key, new species, Sorineuchora
The cockroach genus Sorineuchora was established by
Recently, specimens deposited in Southwest University and Hebei University were examined, and eight species of Sorineuchora identified from China including five known and three new species. Because of the lack of specimens and male description of S. punctipennis (Princis, 1950), the species is not included in the key, only recorded as information under the remarks of S. undulata. These cockroaches were mostly attracted by light at night (Fig.
Male genital segments were macerated in 10% NaOH for one hour, and rinsed with distilled water, then stored in glycerine for dissection and observation. Line drawings were made with a Motic K400 stereomicroscope. Habitus photos were taken with a Canon 50D plus a Canon EF100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM lens, and stacked with Helicon Focus software. The map was made with Natural Earth (http://www.naturalearthdata.com). All photos and images were edited with Adobe Photoshop CS6.
COI sequence (KY349518 and KY349519) of S. nigra was downloaded from GenBank to compare with COI sequence of the exceptional female specimen (Fig.
Morphological terminology mainly follows
CuA cubitus anterior
M media
R radius
RA radius anterior
RP radius posterior
Sc subcosta
Specimens examined are deposited in the following collections. IESWU Institute of Entomology, Southwest University (西南大学昆虫研究所), Beibei, Chongqing, China; MHBU Museum of Hebei University (河北大学博物馆), Baoding, Hebei, China.
Sorineuchora javanica Caudell, 1927.
(Partly after
According to
Many similar morphological traits exist among Balta Tepper, 1893 and Sorineuchora, such as proximal four tarsomeres with tarsal pulvilli, tarsal claws asymmetrical and unspecialized, and abdominal terga of male unspecialized. According to the maximum likelihood COI tree in
Species of Sorineuchora have strikingly variable morphology. The body coloration ranges from pale green to black (Figs
Oriental and Palaearctic regions.
1 | Body light-colored, yellow or pale green (Figs |
2 |
– | Body color comparatively dark (Figs |
3 |
2 | Uniformly yellowish white (dried specimen) (Fig. |
S. viridis sp. n. |
– | Body yellowish brown or straw-yellow | 8 |
3 | Pronotal disk black, with white or yellow symmetrical stripes, and vertex dark with a pair of white or yellow stripes (Figs |
S. shanensis |
– | Pronotal disk without stripes, or some with stripes unlike those above | 4 |
4 | Tegmina yellowish brown with four dark spots on the radius and many black dots on veins (Figs |
S. undulata |
– | Tegmina without spots like those above | 5 |
5 | Vertex with two round yellowish brown spots on the middle (Fig. |
S. bimaculata sp. n. |
– | Vertex without spots or with spots unlike those above | 6 |
6 | Vertex with a white stripe or a rudimentary dark stripe or without stripes | 7 |
– | Vertex with two black stripes, the regions between them yellow (Figs |
S. bivitta |
7 | Pronotal disk dark with a rudimentary dark stripe or without stripes | S. nigra |
– | Pronotal disk brown, with a yellowish brown, longitudinal stripe (Figs |
S. hispida sp. n. |
8 | Subgenital plate with an incision slightly to the left of the middle. Left stylus bent out toward the left apically and pointed and is longer than the right stylus | S. pallens 1 |
– | Subgenital plate with an incision medially. Left and right styli are similar and cylindrical (Fig. |
9 |
9 | L2vm apex with one branch, and R3 lying under the L2vm (Fig. |
S. formosana |
– | L2vm without branch and R3 (Roth, 1998, fig. 37) | S. lativitrea |
1From |
Chorisoneura
formosana
Matsumura, 1913: 14, pl. 2, fig. 13 (♀);
Theganopteryx
formosana
(Matsumura):
Sorineuchora
formosana
(Matsumura):
(all deposited in IESWU). Yunnan: 1 male, Xishuangbanna, Tropical Botanical Garden, 593 m, 12 November 2009, Guo Tang leg.; 1 male, Mengzi, Lvshuihe first hydroelectric station, 470 m, 19 April 2009, Wei-Wei Zhang leg.; 1 male, Simao, 01 May 2012, Li-Chao Tian leg.; 1 female 1 male, Xishuangbanna, National Nature Reserve, 736 m, 18 August 2012, Guo Zheng leg.; 1 male, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 1200–1400 m, 10 May 1958, Chun-Pei Hong leg. Hainan: 1 male, Tongzha, 07 June 1963, Ya-Lin Zhang leg.; 1 male, Ledong, Mt. Jianfengling, 1050 m, 06–09 December 2007, Wei-Wei Zhang leg.
CuA with one complete branch, between CuA and its branch existing two or three cross veins (Fig.
Sorineuchora formosana (Matsumura, 1913) male from China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla. A head, frontal view B pronotum C tegmen D hind wing (the dotted line indicates wing fold) E supra-anal plate, ventral view F subgenital plate, dorsal view G phallomere L1 H phallomere L2vm and R3 I phallomere R2. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E–I), 1.0 mm (B), 2.0 mm (C, D).
Supplement to the description provided in
(mm). Body length without cerci: male 6.8–8.3, female 7.6–8.8; overall length including tegmen: male 8.9–10.4, female 8.9–10.5; pronotum length × width: male 1.85 × 3.1, female 1.95 × 3.4; tegmen length: male 7.2–8.7, female 7.6–8.1.
Male. Body small, yellowish brown. Vertex slightly brown, frons yellowish white. Ocellar area yellowish white. Maxillary palpi yellowish white. Tegmina yellowish brown, veins and radial field yellowish white. Abdomen and legs yellow. Interocular space slightly narrower than distance between antennal sockets. Pronotum subelliptical, anterior and posterior margins nearly truncate.
China (Taiwan, Hainan, Yunnan).
Based on the illustrations of wings and subgenital plate in
Chorisoneura
nigra
Shiraki, 1908: 109 (♂);
Lupparia
nigra
(Shiraki):
Balta nigra (Shiraki): Princis 1969: 978; 1971: 1143.
Sorineuchora
nigra
:
Chorisoneura
setshuana
Bey-Bienko, 1958: 680, 689, fig. 11 (♂♀);
(all deposited in IESWU). Chongqing: 1 male, Changshou, Munanyuan, 450m, 09 June 1994, Wen-Zhu Li leg.; 1 male, Wanzhou, 1200m, 10 July 1993, Jian Yao leg.; 6 males, Fengdu, Shiping, 610m, 02–03 June 1994, You-Wei Zhang leg.; 3 males, Mt. Jinyunshan, 800m, 13 June 1994, You-Wei Zhang leg.; 6 males, Mt. Bishan, Qinglong Lake, 10 June 2006, You-Wei Zhang leg.; 1 male, Youyang, Banxi, Sandaigou, 500m, 22 May 2007, Wei-Wei Zhang leg.; 1 male, Jiangjin, Mt. Simianshan, 15 July 2007, Wei-Wei Zhang leg; 1female, Jiangjin, Mt. Simianshan, 05 June 2014, Xin-Ran Li (= Conlin McCat) leg. Hubei: 3 males, Mt. Dabieshan, Taohuachong, 604m, 27 June 2014, Yan Shi and Xin-Ran Li (= Conlin McCat) leg. Sichuan: 1 male, Huili, 2200m, 29 July 1974, collector unknown; 1 male, Mt. Emei, Qinyinge Temple, 800–1000m, 30 May 1957, You-Cai Yu leg.; 4 males, Mt. Emei, Baoguosi Temple, 550–750m, 23–24 May 1957, Fu-Xing Zhu leg. Guangxi: 1 male, Longzhou, Nonggang, 20 May 1985, Wei-Hua Li and Jing-Hong Zhang leg.; 1 male, Longzhou, Nonggang. 29 June 2015, light trapping, Lu Qiu and Qi-Kun Bai leg.; Zhejiang: 1 male, Mt. Tianmushan, 26 June 1957, Kun-Ji Yang leg. Hunan: 1 male, Hengyang, Mt. Hengshan, Mojingtai, 11 May 1983, Wei-Hua Li leg. Anhui: 1 male, Huangshan, Tangkou, Fuxi, 10 July 2014, Xin-Ran Li (= Conlin McCat) and Jian-Yue Qiu leg. Hainan: 1 male, Mt. Wuzhishan, 18 May 2014, Shun-Hua Gui, Xin-Ran Li (= Conlin McCat) leg. Guizhou: 3 males, Leishan, Mt. Leigongshan, Xiaodanjiang, 750m, 02 June 2005, Zai-Hua Yang leg.; 2 males, Tongren, Mt. Fanjingshan, 1200m, 02 June 2002, Qiong-Zhang Song leg.
Sorineuchora nigra (Shiraki, 1908). A–G, I male from China, Chongqing, Wanzhou H male from China, Chongqing, Mt. Jinyunshan and China, Chongqing, Mt. Bishan Qinglong Lake A head, frontal view B pronotum C hind wing (the dotted line indicates wing fold) D supra-anal plate, ventral view E subgenital plate, dorsal view F phallomere L1 G phallomere L2vm and R3 H phallomere L2vm I phallomere R2. Scale bars: 0.5mm (A, D–I), 1.0 mm (B), 2.0 mm (C).
Body is black or blackish brown without evident stripes (Fig.
Supplement to the description provided in
(mm). Body length without cerci: male 7.6–8.4, female 7.1–8.8; overall length including tegmen: male 9.6–11.0, female 9.5–9.8; pronotum length × width: male 2.05 × 3.1, female 2.0 × 3.0; tegmen length: male 7.3–8.5, female 7.1–8.2.
Male. Body small, black, some individuals blackish brown. Vertex black with a rudimentary dark stripe or without stripes; frons black, or vertex and upper half of frons yellowish brown, lower half brown. Pronotal disk dark brown or black, lateral and hind margins hyaline. Interocular space slightly narrower than the distance between antennal sockets. Pronotum subelliptical, anterior and posterior margins nearly truncate. Subgenital plate with a pair of stout styli, the apex slightly pointing outward. L1 consisting of several irregular seta-free sclerites (Fig.
Female. Some individuals are similar to the male in color and habitus, but supra-anal plate symmetrical with hind margin rounded and subgenital symmetrical with hind margin rounded and slightly concave medially. Some individuals do vary distinctly in body color (Fig.
China (Taiwan, Chongqing, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui, Hainan), Japan.
Sorineuchora nigra Princis, 1950: 208, fig. 4 (♂♀).
Sorineuchora shanensis (Princis): Roth, 1998: 17, Figs 44–48 (♂♀).
(all from Yunnan, deposited in IESWU). 1 male, Pu’er, Simao, 04 July 2004, Xiang-Rong Xu leg.; 2 females 2 males, Xishuangbanna, Mengyang, 800m, 06 June 1991, Ying-Lun Wang and Run-Gang Tian leg.; 3 males, Pu’er, Simao, Meizihu, 19 July 2009, Zong-Qing Wang leg.; 1 male, Pu’er, Simao, Meizihu, 22 May 2016, Lu Qiu, Zhi-Wei Qiu leg.; 2 females 3 males, Lincang, Nansan, 1010m, 08 July 2007, Li-Jun Cai leg.; 1 female 1 male, Menglun, 30–31 July 2009, Zong-Qing Wang leg.; 1 female, Pu’er, Xiaoheijiang, 24 July 2009, Zong-Qing Wang leg.; 2 females 1 male, Pu’er, Yixiangzhen, Cilincun, 02 May 2013, Zong-Qing Wang leg.
Sorineuchora shanensis (Princis, 1950) male from China, Yunnan, Pu’er, Simao. A head, frontal view B pronotum C hind wing (the dotted line indicates wing fold) D supra-anal plate, ventral view E subgenital plate, dorsal view F phallomere L1 G phallomere L2vm and R3 H phallomere R2. Scale bars: 0.5mm (A, D–H), 1.0 mm (B), 2.0 mm (C).
Vertex dark with a pair of white or yellow transverse stripes; pronotal disk black, with symmetrical white or yellow markings (Figs
Supplement to the description provided in
(mm). Body length without cerci: male 4.9–5.4, 5.8–6.5; overall length including tegmen: male 7.5–8.5, female 7.0–8.5; pronotum length × width: male 1.85 × 2.6, female 1.75 × 2.55; tegmen length: male 5.4–6.0, female 5.2–6.5.
Male. Body small, dark. Vertex dark with a pair of white or yellow transverse stripes. Clypeus reddish brown. Antennae with first six basal antennomeres black, the rest brown. Pronotal disk black, with symmetrical white or yellow markings (Figs
China (Yunnan); Myanmar.
According to the stripes on the vertex (Fig.
Chorisoneura undulata Bey-Bienko, 1958: 680, 689 (♂).
Sorineuchora
undulata
(Bey-Bienko):
(all deposited in IESUW). 1 male, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Wangtianshu, 23 May 2016, Zhi-Wei Qiu and Lu Qiu leg.
On the frons between the ocelli with the V shaped blotch (Fig.
Supplement to the description provided in
Sorineuchora undulata (Bey-Bienko, 1958) male from China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Wangtianshu. A head, frontal view B vertex C pronotum D tegmen E hind wing (the dotted line indicates wing fold) F supra-anal plate, ventral view G subgenital plate, dorsal view H phallomere L1 I phallomere L2vm and R3 J phallomere R2. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, F–J), 1.0 mm (C), 2.0 mm (D, E).
(mm). Body length without cerci: 8.9; overall length including tegmen: male 10.8; pronotum length × width: male 2.2 × 4.1; tegmen length: male 9.0.
Male. Tegmina yellowish brown with four dark spots on the radius and many black dots on veins (Figs
China (Yunnan).
The dots on tegmina of S. undulata resemble that of S. punctipennis, it differs in having longer body, shorter tegmina, and a strong wavy and bent CuA of the hind wing (Fig.
Chorisoneura bivitta Bey-Bienko, 1969: 838, fig. 17 (♂).
Sorineuchora
bivitta
:
Deposited in IESWU: 1 male, Yunnan, Hekou, Nanxi, Huayudong Forest Park, 20–21 April 2009, Wei-Wei Zhang leg.; 2 males, Guizhou, Maolan, Yongkang, 25–28 May 1998, Qiong-Zhang Song leg.; 1 male, Guizhou, Wangmo, 06 June 1982, Ping-Zhang Feng leg.; 1 male, Fujian, Sanming, Shaxian, 23 May 1977, Qing-Dong Luo leg.; 1 male, Guangxi, Longzhou, 31 May 1997, Mao-Fa Yang leg.; 1 male, Guangxi, Chongzuo, Banli National Nature Reserve, 174m, 31 May 2009, Wei-Wei Zhang leg.; 1 male, Guangxi, Hechi, Mt. Daqingshan, 14 May 1963, Si-Kong Liu leg.; 1 male, Hainan, 25 May 1997, Mao-Fa Yang leg. Deposited in MHBU: 1 male, China, Guangdong, Huizhou, Mt. Nankunshan, 25 July 2010, Hao-Yu Liu leg.
Sorineuchora bivitta (Bey-Bienko, 1969). A–C, E–K male from China, Yunnan, Hekou, Nanxi, Huayudong Forest Park D male from China, Guangxi, Longzhou A head, frontal view B vertex C–D pronotum E tegmen F hind wing (the dotted line indicates wing fold) G supra-anal plate, ventral view H subgenital plate, dorsal view I phallomere L1 J phallomere L2vm and R3 K phallomere R2. Scale bars: 0.5mm (A–B, G–K), 1.0 mm (C, D), 2.0 mm (E, F).
Vertex with two black stripes, the regions between them yellow (Figs
Supplement to the description provided in
(mm). Body length without cerci: male 6.5–7.9, female 6.5–7.8; overall length including tegmen: male 9.3–10.5, female 9.5–11.0; pronotum length × width: male 1.95 × 3.05, female 1.95 × 2.95; tegmen length: male 7.9–9.0, female 8.2–9.0.
Male. In some individuals, the coloration of the pronotal disk is blackish brown without stripes (Fig.
China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Guangdong).
The color of S. bivitta resembles that of S. bimaculata sp. n. (Fig.
Holotype male (IESWU), China, Guizhou, Luodian, June 1981, unknown leg. Paratypes (deposited in IESWU). 1 male, Guizhou, Maolan, Xiaoqikong, 30 May 1998, Qiong-Zhang Song leg.; 1 male, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Meng’a, 1050–1080m, 20 June 1958, Shu-Yong Wang leg.; 1 male, Chongqing, Wulong, Wanfeng, 800m, 7 July 1989, Long-Long Yang leg.; 1 male, Hubei, Luotian, Mt. Dabieshan, 01–02 July 2014, Yan Shi and Xin-Ran Li (= Conlin McCat) leg.
Sorineuchora bimaculata sp. n. A Paratype, male from China, Chongqing, Wulong, Wanfeng B–K Holotype A–B heads, frontal view C vertex D pronotum E tegmen F hind wing (the dotted line indicates wing fold) G supra-anal plate, ventral view H subgenital plate, dorsal view I phallomere L1 J phallomere L2vm and R3 K phallomere R2. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C, G–K), 1.0 mm (D), 2.0 mm (E, F).
Upper half of vertex brown, with two round yellowish brown spots in the middle (Fig.
Measurements (mm). Holotype, body length without cerci: 7.6, overall length including tegmen: 8.8; pronotum length × width: 1.9 × 2.7; tegmen length: 7.4. Paratypes, body length without cerci: 7.0–7.8; overall length including tegmen: 9.0–11.0; pronotum length × width: 1.75 × 2.8; tegmen length: 8.0–9.0.
Male. Body small, dark brown. Upper half of vertex brown, with two round yellowish brown spots in the middle (Fig.
Interocular space as wide as, or wider than, the distance between ocelli, and narrower than the distance between antennal sockets. Fifth segment of maxillary palpus longer than the fourth. Pronotum subelliptical, posterior margin truncate. Tegmina and wings fully developed extending beyond end of abdomen, the former with oblique CuA. Hind-wing R with oblique branches, M without branch, CuA with one branch, apical triangle evident. Front femur Type C2, pulvilli on four proximal tarsomeres, tarsal claws asymmetrical, arolia present. Abdominal terga unspecialized.
Supra-anal plate short and symmetrical, paraprocts similar and sheet-like (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Guizhou; Yunnan; Hubei; Chongqing).
Latin word bimaculata refers to the two round yellowish brown spots on vertex.
See remarks under the S. bivitta.
Holotype male (IESWU), China, Hainan, Mt. Bawangling. 13 April 2016, light trapping, Jian-Yue Qiu leg. Paratypes (all from Hainan, deposited in MHBU). 1 male, Mt. Bawangling, 11–12 May 2007, Yi-Bin Ba and Jun-Tong Lang leg.; 3 males, Baisha, Nankai, 450m, 25–26 June 2008, Yi-Bin Ba and Jun-Tong Lang leg.
The color of the insects is green when they are alive (Fig.
Measurements (mm). Holotype, body length without cerci: 7.1; overall length including tegmen: 9.8; pronotum length × width: 2.0 × 3.1; tegmen length, 8.5. Paratypes, body length without cerci: 6.7–7.7; overall length including tegmen: 9.4–11.2; pronotum length × width: 2.35 × 3.05; tegmen length, 8.0–9.0.
Male. Body small, light green when alive (Fig.
Vertex with three dark spots, on the frons between the ocelli with a narrow dark transverse tripe (Fig.
Interocular space as wide as or slightly narrower than the space between antennal sockets. Fifth segment of maxillary palpus longer than the fourth. Pronotum subelliptical, anterior and posterior margins nearly truncate. Tegmina and wings fully developed extending beyond end of abdomen, the former with oblique CuA. Hind-wing R with oblique branches, M without branches, CuA with three branches, appendicular field almost disappearing. Front femur Type C2, pulvilli on four proximal tarsomeres, tarsal claws asymmetrical, arolia present. Abdominal terga unspecialized.
Supra-anal plate with hind margin rounded, paraprocts simple. Subgenital plate with subsymmetrical hind margin, a pair of styli with small setae, hind margin medially deflexed forming a short, longitudinal keel-like ridge, interstylar margin almost straight when flattened (Fig.
Female. Unknown
China (Hainan).
Latin word viridis, meaning green, refers to the color of this species when alive.
Sorineuchora viridis sp. n. is similar to S. javanica (Caudell, 1927) in color (when faded) and subobsolete apical triangle. But S. viridis sp. n. differs from S. javanica in details of vertex, dots on the tegmina, and median and left phallomeres.
Holotype male (IESWU), China, Guangxi, Guiping, Longtan Park, 30 May–02 June 2014, light trapping, Shun-Hua Gui leg. Paratypes. 1 female, 3 males, same data as holotype.
Pronotal disk brown, with a yellowish brown, longitudinal stripe (Figs
Measurements (mm). Holotype, male, body length without cerci: 7.0; overall length including tegmen: 8.6; pronotum length × width: 1.7 × 2.7; tegmen length: 7.5. Paratypes, body length without cerci: male 6.4–7.6, female 6.5; overall length including tegmen: male 8.8–9.2, female 9.1; pronotum length × width, male 2.05 × 2.75, female 1.7 × 2.8; tegmen length, male 7.5–7.6, female 7.8.
Male. Body small, brown. Lower half vertex yellowish brown, with one white transverse stripe (Fig.
Interocular space as wide as the distance between antennal sockets. Fifth segment of maxillary palpus longer than the fourth. Pronotum subelliptical, posterior margin truncate. Tegmina and wings fully developed, extending beyond end of abdomen. Hind-wing RA and RP parallel and inflated, M without branches, CuAwith two branches, apical triangle evident. Front femur Type C2, pulvilli on four proximal tarsomeres, tarsal claws asymmetrical, arolia present. Abdominal terga unspecialized.
Supra-anal plate with hind margin rounded and weakly concave medially, lateral margins oblique, paraprocts similar, sheet-like, with a branch respectively (Fig.
Female. Similar to the male, but the pronotum with longitudinal and oblique markings, and subgenital plate with hind margin truncate.
China (Guangxi).
Latin word hispida means rough, shaggy, hairy, referring to the left apex of R3 with many setae.
Sorineuchora viridis sp. n., Sorineuchora nigra and Sorineuchora shanensis in the wild. A S. viridis sp. n. holotype, photographed by Ling-Xiao Chang B S. nigra male from China, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang. 29 June 2015, light trapping, photographed by Lu Qiu C S. nigra female from China, Chongqing, Jiangjin, Mt. Simianshan, 05 June 2014, photographed by Xin-Ran Li (= Conlin McCat) D S. shanensis male from China, Yunnan, Pu’er, Simao, Meizihu, 22 May 2015, photographed by Lu Qiu.
Habitus. A, B S. formosana (Matsumura, 1913) male from China, Hainan, Ledong, Mt. Jianfengling, 1050m, dorsal and ventral views C, D, E (labels) S. lativitrea (Walker, 1868) (to compare with S. formosana) holotype (copyright Natural History Museum, London), dorsal and ventral views F, G S. nigra (Shiraki, 1908) male from China, Hubei, Mt. Dabieshan, Taohuachong, dorsal and ventral views H, I S. shanensis (Princis, 1950) male from China, Yunnan, Lincang, Nansan, dorsal and ventral views J, K S. undulata (Bey-Bienko, 1958) male from China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Wangtianshu, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm.
Habitus. A, B S. bivitta (Bey-Bienko, 1969) male from China, Guangxi, Hechi, Mt. Daqingshan, dorsal and ventral views C, D S. bimaculata sp. n. paratypes, male from China, Chongqing, Wulong, Wanfeng, dorsal and ventral views E, F S. viridis sp. n. holotype, dorsal and ventral views G–J S. hispida sp. n. G–H male paratypes, dorsal and ventral views I, J female paratypes, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm.
We thank all collectors mentioned in this paper for their efforts in collecting specimens. We cordially thank Ling-Xiao Chang, Lu Qiu, and Xin-Ran Li (= Conlin McCat) for photos in the wild. We are grateful to Dr. John Richard Schrock (Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University) for revising the manuscript and would like to thank three anonymous reviewers, Dr. Dominic Evangelista, Lubomir Vidlicka, Conlin McCat, and Lu Qiu for giving valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This study is supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant numbers 31472026, 31672329)