Holotype : China • ♂, Guizhou Province, Xingren City, Linggangshang, 1470 m, 29.vi.2022, J Wu, B Gao & RT Xu leg., genit. prep. WuJ-1129-1, in NEFU.

Paratypes • 3 ♂, same data as for holotype, genit. prep. WuJ-806-1, 1130-1, all in NEFU.

The new species is not noticeably different in appearance from F. melkaya (Fig. 3), F. ravalba (Fig. 4), and the next new species, F. trigonum sp. nov. (Fig. 2), but it seems that the overall color of the present new species is lighter compared to the three species mentioned above. It can be clearly distinguished from others by the characteristics of male genitalia.

Figures 1–6. 

Adults of Fignya spp. Depositories of the specimens 1–2, 4–6 in NEFU 3 in MWM/ZSM. Scale bars: 5 mm.

In the male genitalia, F. qiana sp. nov. (Figs 7, 8) is most similar to F. trigonum sp. nov. (Figs 9, 10), as both have almost flat or beveled cucullus and a large, bristled process at the basal part of the valva. However, F. qiana sp. nov. has a pair of stronger and asymmetrical apical spines on the juxta, with the left (when viewed ventrally) spine usually slightly longer than the right; a more elongated and finger-like saccus; a smaller, claw-like, curved cornutus at the base of the vesica; and lacks the triangular sclerite near the base of the vesica. In contrast, F. trigonum sp. nov. has a pair of thinner, almost equal-length, finger-like spines on the juxta apically; a shorter, wider, triangular saccus; a thicker and slightly curved cornutus at the base of the vesica; and a triangular sclerite near the base of the vesica. Additionally, F. qiana sp. nov. differs from F. melkaya (Fig. 11) and F. ravalba (Fig. 12) by the latter two having a rounded cucullus on the valva, a small bristled process at the base of the valva, and a shorter, stouter phallus.

Figures 7–15. 

Male genitalia of Fignya spp. Depositories of the slides 7–10, 12–15 in NEFU 11 in MWM/ZSM. Scale bars: 1 mm, except unscaled Fig. 11.

Male. Adult. Forewing length 7.5–8.0 mm, wingspan 16–17 mm (N = 4). Antennae filiform, brown. Labial palpi upcurved, pale brown. Head and thorax grayish-white with a tinge of brown; abdomen grayish-white to pare brown. Forewings grayish-white with a series of serrated reddish-brown transverse lines, among which the antemedial line distinct, brown, zigzag; medial and postmedial areas of forewing, and tornus relatively darker, with two large, white, oval spots with black scales around the edges and a series of indistinct small circular spots near tornus, and a small, white, round dot near distal part of cell; postmedian line distinct, forming a broad, indistinct reddish-brown band extending from c. 3/5 of the costal margin from the wing base to tornus. Fringe grayish-white with a tinge of light brown. Hindwings reddish-brown, with dark brown scales mixed in the costal and inner margin areas; fringe light brown.

Male genitalia. Uncus short, pointed apically. Gnathos flat, fish-tail-shaped, comb-like distally. Valva wider at the base; inner side of the cucullus obviously protruding, causing the end of the cucullus to look flat or beveled; basal part of valva with a near-elliptical sclerotized plate, covered with dense, long bristles laterally; sacculus slightly swollen at base. Juxta flat, with a pair of asymmetrical, slender, sclerotized apical spines apically, the left one always slightly longer than the right. Saccus long, broad at the base, gradually narrowing to the middle, then finger-like at distal half part. Phallus slender, tubular, slightly curved, sclerotized at terminal part. Vesica bearing 4–5 cornuti in total, basal one large, hook-shaped; second one small, near the basal cornutus; subapical cornuti 1 or 2 in numbers, apical and subapical cornuti same in size.

Female genitalia. Unknown.

The type specimens were collected in June at an altitude of c. 1470 m. The collection site is close to a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, with bamboo forest, bushes, and farmland surrounding it (Fig. 16). The immature stages are still unknown.

China (Guizhou).

The new species name is derived from the abbreviation of Guizhou Province in China, “Qian”, which is the type locality of F. qiana sp. nov.

Holotype : China • ♂, Yunnan Province, Zhaotong City, Xiaocaoba Town, Yutang Village, 1864 m, 16.vii.2023, RT Xu & MX Han leg., genit. prep. WuJ-1136-1, in NEFU.

Paratypes : China • 2♂, same data as for holotype, genit. prep. WuJ-1111-1, 1112-1, all in NEFU.

F. trigonum sp. nov. (Fig. 2) is closest to F. qiana sp. nov. (Fig. 1) both in appearance and male genitalia. The differences between the two have been listed in the diagnosis section of F. qiana sp. nov. The most significant difference in male genitalia from the other two species, F. melkaya (Fig. 11) and F. ravalba (Fig. 12), are that the new species has an obviously protruding inner side of the cucullus, a well developed thick and long horn-like cornutus at the base of the vesica, and a triangular sclerite. In contrast, the inner side of the cucullus in F. melkaya and F. ravalba is smooth, and the developed horn-shaped basal cornutus and triangular sclerite are absent.

Male. Adult. Forewing length 7.5–8.0 mm, wingspan 16.6–18.0 mm (N = 3). Antennae filiform, brown. Labial palpi upcurved, light brown. Head and thorax grayish-white with a tinge of brown; abdomen grayish-white to light brown, terminal with grayish-white to light brown scale tuft. Forewing grayish-brown with a series of serrated reddish-brown to dark brown, serrated transverse lines, among which the antemedial line distinct, dark brown, zigzag; medial and postmedial areas of forewing, and tornus brown to dark brown, with two large, white, oval spots with black scales around the edges and a series of indistinct small circular spots near tornus, and a small, indistinct, white dot located at the end of discal cell; postmedian line grayish-white, extending from c. 3/5 of the costal margin from the wing base to tornus; terminal area black, mixed with some brown and white scales. Fringe grayish-brown with a tinge of dark brown. Hindwings reddish-brown, with dark brown scales mixed in the costal and inner margin areas; fringe pale yellow.

Male genitalia. Uncus short, pointed apically. Gnathos flat, fish-tail-shaped, comb-like distally. Valva narrow and long, swollen at the base, parallel-sided in the middle; inner side of the cucullus slightly protruding; basal part of valva with a near-elliptical, sclerotized plate, which is densely covered with long bristles laterally; sacculus slightly swollen. Juxta flat, with a pair of slender, sclerotized lateral processes. Saccus long, broad at the base, gradually narrowing to the end, rounded terminally. Phallus tube-shaped, sclerotized at terminal part. Vesica with 3 diverticula, bearing 3 cornuti; basal diverticulum with a strongly sclerotized, slightly curved, long, large cornutus, and with a sclerotized triangular sclerite next to it; medial and apical diverticula each with one strongly sclerotized, nail-shaped cornutus.

Female genitalia. Unknown.

The type specimens were collected in July at an altitude of c. 1864 m. The collection site is located in a high mountainous area, surrounded by various types of broad-leaf trees. The ground cover consists of herbs and small shrubs (Fig. 17). The immature stages are still unknown.

Figures 16–20. 

Biotope and living habitus 16, 18–19 F. qiana sp. nov., the collecting site is Xingren City, Guizhou Province, China; 17, 20 F. trigonum sp. nov., the collecting site is Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, China.

China (Yunnan).

The new species name is derived from the Latin “trigonum”, meaning triangle, referring to a unique sclerotized triangular sclerite at the base of vesica.

China • ♂, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong City, Mengyang Town, Yexianggu, 4–5.viii.2018, HL Han & MR Li leg., genit. prep. WuJ-243-1, in NEFU.

The external characters of F. brachygnatha (Wu & Fang, 2008) comb. nov. (Fig. 6) are characterized by: the forewing with a grayish-brown ground color, scattered with ochre scales; the antemedial line is ochre-yellow, zigzag; the postmedial line is reddish-brown; at the end of the discal cell, there is a round white spot, below which is a larger white spot surrounded by dark brown scales; and the terminal area is triangular, grayish-white. Hindwings grayish-white, with a slightly darker coloration at the apex.

In the male genitalia (Fig. 15), the uncus is triangular with a small apical spine; the gnathos is short and broad, with a rounded tip; the valva is narrow and elongated, with a broad and rounded cucullus; the juxta is shield-shaped, with a pair of weakly sclerotized finger-like lateral process apically. The phallus is slender and bifurcate at the apex.

China (Yunnan).

Wu and Fang (2008) placed this species in the genus Kitanola Matsumura, 1925, based on its similarity to K. speciosa Inoue, 1956 [currently Mediocampa speciosa (Inoue, 1956), see Solovyev 2008: 23]. However, both the forewing pattern and the male genitalia of F. brachygnatha comb. nov. show significant differences from those of Kitanola species and are more closely aligned with the genus Fignya.

F. brachygnatha comb. nov. can be distinguished from the type species of the genus Kitanola, K. sachalinensis Matsumura, 1925 [currently a synonym of K. uncula (Staudinger, 1887)], by several morphological features. The newly combined species displays a grayish-brown forewing coloration, characterized by two distinct white circular spots near the end of the discal cell, which are surrounded by dark brown scales. The male genitalia are marked by a spoon-shaped gnathos, an absence of any processes in the valva, and a well-developed saccus. The aedeagus is stout and long, apical half forked, with a pointed apex.

In contrast, K. uncula exhibits highly variable forewing coloration, typically presenting 1–2 irregular discal spots. The male genitalia of K. uncula are distinguished by a large, hook-shaped gnathos, a valva with a fairly large fold on its inner surface, an inconspicuous saccus, and a curved aedeagus with a large, hook-shaped apical process.

Despite some discrepancies in the male genitalia characteristics compared to typical Fignya species, such as a rounded gnathos apex instead of comb-like, and the absence of a basal hairy process on the valva, F. brachygnatha shares several key characters with Fignya: (1) similar forewing patterns; (2) short uncus with a small apical spine; (3) juxta with a pair of finger-like lateral process at the apex; and (4) the saccus is long. Therefore, we formally transfer this species to the genus Fignya.

The newly combined species, as well as F. samkosa sp. nov., exhibit some differences in appearance and male genitalia from the rest of the genus as follows (the corresponding characters of the rest of the genus are in brackets): (1) the antemedial line and fringe of the forewing are golden (mostly grayish-brown to reddish-brown); (2) the gnathos is spoon-shaped, with the apical part nearly membranous and rough in surface (the gnathos is fishtail-shaped, with a comb-like tip); (3) the bristled process at the base of the valva is reduced to a small triangular flap or absent (the basal process of valva is well developed and bears laterally large bristles); and (4) the phallus is slender and bifurcated apically (the phallus is relatively short and thick, containing cornuti of varying sizes and numbers in the vesica).

We hypothesize that F. brachygnatha comb. nov. and F. samkosa sp. nov. may represent a lineage within the genus Fignya and might form a sister-group relationship with other congeners in this genus. However, this hypothesis requires further confirmation through molecular analysis.

Holotype : Cambodia • ♂, Samkos, 7–8.ii.2015, YS Bae leg., genit. prep. WuJ-1132-1, in NEFU.

Paratypes • 2♂, same data as for holotype, genit. prep. WuJ-1131-1, all in NEFU.

The new species (Fig. 5) is most similar to the newly combined species, F. brachygnatha comb. nov. (Fig. 6), described in this paper. There is no obvious difference in appearance between these two species, but the male genitalia can be clearly distinguished: F. samkosa sp. nov. (Figs 13, 14) has a relatively straight valva, a small triangular hairy flap at the base of the valva, and a slender phallus; whereas the valva of F. brachygnatha comb. nov. (Fig. 15) is slightly curved inward, lacks the hairy flap at the base of the valva, and has a thicker phallus. The differences between F. samkosa sp. nov. and the other four Fignya species are provided in the remarks section of F. brachygnatha comb. nov.

Male. Adult. Forewing length 6.0–6.5 mm, wingspan 14–15 mm (N = 3). Antennae filiform, brown. Labial palpi upcurved, brown. Head and thorax grayish-white with a tinge of pale brown; abdomen grayish-white to pale brown. Forewings grayish-brown with a series of serrated, golden and reddish-brown transverse lines, among which the antemedial line distinct, golden, zigzag; medial and postmedial lines fuzzy, reddish-brown; discal cell and tornus bear a total of three obvious white spots with black edges. Apex area white, brown on outer edge. Fringe golden. Hindwing reddish-brown; fringe long, pale yellow.

Male genitalia. Uncus narrow and long, pointed apically. Gnathos spoon-shaped, slightly sclerotized and nearly membranous at the end, with densely packed small granular scobination on the surface. Tegument wide. Valva straight, lateral margins nearly parallel; valva with a hairy, small, triangular flap near the base; cucullus rounded. Juxta flat, shield-shaped, upper margin slightly concave in the middle. Saccus long, wide at base, then finger-like. Phallus slender, slightly curved, bifurcated from near the middle, each with a claw-like spine apically.

Female genitalia. Unknown.

The type specimens were collected in February in the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary of western Cambodia. The region has a typical tropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The sanctuary’s vegetation includes a mix of evergreen forests, montane forests, and bamboo groves. The immature stages are still unknown.

Cambodia (Samkos).

The new species is named after its type locality, the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary in western Cambodia.