• 14♀: 1♀ [NEFU; on card, right antenna and right wings on slide], China, Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, 29–30.IV.2019, leg. Wen-Jian Li and Jun Wu, by yellow-pan trapping • 3♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Laoshan Scenic Spot, Beijiushui, 8–10.VII.2014, leg. Hui Geng, Guo-Hao Zu, Zhi-Guang Wu, and Hai-Feng Bai, by yellow-pan trapping • 2♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Jimo District, Mashan Park, 11.VII.2014, leg. Si-Zhu Liu, Guo-Hao Zu, and Zhi-Guang Wu, by sweep netting • 2♀ [NEFU; 1 on slide, 1 on card], China, Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Laoshan Scenic Spot, Beijiushui, 12.VII.2014, leg. Hui Geng, Guo-Hao Zu, Zhi-Guang Wu, and Hai-Feng Bai, by sweep netting • 4♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Dazhushan, 13–14.VII.2014, leg. Ye Chen and Chao Zhang, by yellow-pan trapping • 2♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Liaoning Province, Anshan City, Qianshan, 20.VIII.2015, leg. Hui Geng, Yan Gao, and Zhi-Guang Wu, by sweep netting.

Female. Body length 1.2–1.8 mm. Vertex golden-green, face dark brown with golden or purple reflections; antenna with scape yellow to pale brown, pedicel and flagellum brown; mesoscutum dark brown, mesoscutellum with anterior 1/3–1/2 yellowish brown and remainder brown to dark brown; axillae with anterior 1/2 dark brown to brown, remainder yellowish brown to yellowish white; propodeum pale brown; other parts of mesosoma yellow to yellowish white (including legs); gaster dark brown. Head (Fig. 2A) with antennal scrobes meeting on the V-shaped frontal sulcus; frontal cross-ridge absent; gena very short, HE:MS:WM ~ 5.0:1.0:3.4; clypeus semicircular 1.7 × as wide as high; antenna (Fig. 2B) slender, with five flagellomeres separated from each other, F1 1.1 × as long as F2. Mesosoma (Fig. 2C) with mesoscutum and scutellum with weak reticulation; midlobe of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae; scutellum 1.0–1.2 × as long as wide, with anterior margin almost straight; propodeum smooth, with a weak median carina, and anteromedially with a fovea. Fore wing (Fig. 2D) speculum closed, with seven or eight admarginal setae arising from MV and membrane just behind MV, radial cell setose, PMV 1.8 × as long as STV. Metasoma (Fig. 2F), gaster 1.6 × as long as mesosoma, and nearly as long as head + mesosoma.

Figure 1. 

Omphale spp., habitus A O. brevibuccata, ♀, lateral B O. connectens, ♀, lateral C O. longigena sp. nov., holotype, ♀, lateral D O. longitarsus sp. nov., holotype, ♀, lateral E O. melina, ♀, dorsal F O. melina, ♂, dorsal G O. rectisulcus sp. nov., holotype, ♀, dorsal H O. obscura, ♀, lateral I O. sulciscuta, ♀, lateral. Scale bars: 500 μm.

Figure 2. 

Omphale brevibuccata, ♀ A head, frontal view B antenna C mesosoma, dorsal view D fore wing E hind wing F metasoma, dorsal view G–I fore, mid and hind leg, respectively. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

China (Liaoning, Shandong, and Guangdong Provinces) (new record); Hungary (Szelényi 1978); United Kingdom (Askew 2003); Russia, Sweden, Netherlands, Bulgaria (Hansson and Shevtsova 2012); Romania (Hansson 2016).

• 4♀: 2♀ [NEFU; 1 on card, 1 on slide], China, Chongqing City, Simian Mountain, Dawopu, 04.VIII.2018, leg. Guang-Xin Wang and Jun-Jie Fan, by sweep netting • 2♀ [NEFU; 1 on card, 1 on slide], China, Inner Mongolia, Ulanhot City, Sanhe Village, 12.VII.2021, leg. Yuan-Yuan Jin and Yue Qin, by sweep netting.

Female. Body length 1.0–2.4 mm. Vertex and face bronze, golden green, golden blue to purple metallic; antenna with scape yellow, along dorsal edge dark brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; mesoscutum bluish green, bronze to purple metallic; scutellum with similar color to mesoscutum, sometime darker; propodeum bluish green to purple metallic; legs with procoxa dark brown, mesocoxa and metacoxa yellowish brown to yellow; femora yellowish brown to brown; tibiae yellow to yellowish brown; protarsus pale brown, mesotarsus and metatarsus yellow to yellowish brown; gaster with first tergite bluish green metallic, remainder dark brown metallic. Head (Fig. 3A, B) with face and vertex smooth to with very weak sculpture partly; antennal scrobes meeting on the nearly V-shaped frontal sulcus; frontal cross-ridge present; clypeus trapezoid to semicircular 1.4–1.6 × as wide as high; antenna (Fig. 3C) with 3-segmented funicle and 2-segmented clava, F1–3 with two sets of setae, one set attached closed to base and another attached subapically or medially on the flagellomere, F1 1.1 × as long as F2. Mesosoma (Fig. 3D, E) with mesoscutum and scutellum with shallow reticulation; midlobe of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae; scutellum 1.2 × as long as wide, with anterior margin almost straight or weakly curved forwards; propodeum smooth, without median carina. Fore wing (Fig. 3J) speculum closed, with 6–10 admarginal setae arising from MV and membrane just below MV, STV short, PMV 1.5–2.0 × as long as STV, radial cell small and setose, only along PMV bare. Metasoma (Fig. 3I), gaster 1.6–2.0 × as long as mesosoma, and longer than head + mesosoma (1.2:1.0).

Figure 3. 

Omphale connectens, ♀ A, B head, frontal view C antenna D, E mesosoma, dorsal view F–H fore, mid and hind leg, respectively I metasoma, dorsal view J fore wing K hind wing. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Male. Not collected from China, see Hansson and Shevtsova (2012).

Unknown.

China (Inner Mongolia and Chongqing Provinces) (new record); United Kingdom (Graham 1963); Ireland (north and south) (Bouček and Askew 1968); France, Germany, Netherlands (Gijswijt 1976); Croatia, Serbia (Bouček 1977); Sweden (Hansson 1991); Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Russia (Hansson and Shevtsova 2012); Romania (Hansson 2016).

Holotype : • ♀ [NEFU; on card], China, Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Jimo District, Mashan Park, 11.VII.2014, leg. Si-Zhu Liu, Guo-Hao Zu, and Zhi-Guang Wu, by sweep netting. Paratypes: • 12♀: 1♀ [NEFU; on slide], same data as the holotype • 2♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Dahedong Village, 10.VII.2014, leg. Si-Zhu Liu, Ye Chen and Chao Zhang, by sweep netting • 3♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Laoshan Scenic Spot, Beijiushui, 8–10.VII.2014, leg. Hui Geng, Guo-Hao Zu, Zhi-Guang Wu, and Hai-Feng Bai, by yellow-pan trapping • 2♀ [NEFU; 1 on card, 1 on slide], China, Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, 29–30.IV.2019, leg. Wen-Jian Li and Jun Wu, by yellow-pan trapping • 4♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, 1–2.V.2019, leg. Wen-Jian Li and Jun Wu, by yellow-pan trapping.

Female. Frontal sulcus slightly V-shaped; antennal scrobes meeting on frontal sulcus; antennal toruli situated completely below the level of lower eye margin; gena distinctly elongate, MS 0.4 × as long as HE; fore wing with a broad infuscate band below MV beyond speculum, extending to STV and posterior margin of wing; admarginal setae seven or eight, arising from both MV and membrane just below MV, and the most apical seta attached close to STV; PMV slightly shorter than STV.

Female. Body length 1.0–1.2 mm. Upper face and vertex brown to dark brown with golden-green reflections, lower face yellowish brown, eyes dull red, clypeus with same color as surrounding parts of face, mandibles yellowish white with apex brown. Mesosoma with mid lobe of mesoscutum golden-green, mesoscutellum dark brown, remaining parts of mesosoma yellow to pale brown. Metasoma brown to dark brown except yellow petiole. Antenna with scape yellowish brown with dorsal margin dark brown, pedicel and flagellum brown to dark brown. All legs yellow, except dark brown tarsal claws. Fore wing with a broad infuscate band below MV beyond speculum, extending to STV and to posterior margin of wing.

Head (Fig. 4A, B) in frontal view 1.2 × as wide as high, usually collapsed after death; face and vertex smooth. POL:OOL ~ 1.5:1.0; frontal sulcus slightly V-shaped, reaching eye margin, the midpoint closer to median ocellus than to antennal toruli; antennal scrobes meeting on frontal sulcus; antennal toruli situated completely below the level of lower eye margin; frontal cross-ridge present, gena distinctly elongate, HE:MS:WM ~2.6:1.0:1.8; clypeus weakly delimited with lower margin distinctly protruding, 1.8–1.9 × as wide as high; mandible with two large teeth at apex and a row of smaller teeth at base. Antenna (Fig. 4C) slender, with all five flagellomeres separated from each other; scape 6.3 × as long as wide; pedicel 2.2 × as long as wide, and as long as F1; flagellomeres decreasing in width from F1 to F5, F1 1.0 × as long and 1.1 × as wide as F2.

Figure 4. 

Omphale longigena sp. nov., paratype, ♀ A, B head, frontal view C antenna D mesosoma, dorsal view E–G fore, mid and hind leg, respectively H metasoma, dorsal view I fore wing J hind wing. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Mesosoma (Fig. 4D) 1.4 × as long as wide; pronotum reduced and not visible in dorsal view; mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metascutellum and propodeum smooth, without any sculpture; mid lobe of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae; notauli indicated only in anterior 1/3; mesoscutellum 1.2 × as long as wide, with one pair of setae located in median part; metascutellum smooth, nearly triangular, 0.4 × as long as wide, and 0.5 × as long as length of median propodeum; propodeum without median carina. Fore wing (Fig. 4I) 2.5 × as long as wide, speculum closed; with seven or eight admarginal setae arising from both MV and from membrane just below MV, with apical setae attached close to STV; PMV slightly shorter than STV, radial cell setose, ratio of SMV:MV:PMV:STV ~ 3.8:4.9:1.0:1.3. Hind wing (Fig. 4J) 5.4 × as long as wide, apex pointed. All legs (Fig. 4E–G) with 4^th tarsomere slightly elongate, 0.3–0.4 × as long as whole tarsus; metatibial spur short, only reaching the middle of 1^st tarsomere.

Metasoma (Fig. 4H) 2.0 × as long as wide; petiole short; gaster 1.4 × as long as length of mesosoma, and longer than head + mesosoma (1.2:1.0); ovipositor sheaths exserted beyond apex of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

The specific name refers to the elongate gena.

China (Shandong and Guangdong Provinces).

Omphale longigena sp. nov. is very similar to O. litera Jamali & Zeya, 2022. The two species share the following characteristics: head with gena elongate, MS 0.4 × as long as HE; flagellomeres decreasing in width from F1 to F5; fore wing with a broad infuscate band below MV beyond speculum, extending to STV and to posterior margin of disc; mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metascutellum and propodeum smooth. Omphale longigena sp. nov. differs from O. litera in having the antennal torulus situated completely below the level of lower eye margin (vs above lower eye margin in O. litera); scape 6.3 × as long as wide (vs 4.2 × in O. litera), hind leg yellow, except dark brown tarsal claws (vs hind leg with coxa, femur basally three fourths and last tarsomere brown in O. litera). The figure in Jamali et al. (2022: fig. 2C) shows that the scape of the holotype of O. litera was damaged, and the color of the leg usually has variation, so the latter two differences may not be reliable characters for identification. The most reliable characteristic to distinguish these two species is the position of the antennal torulus.

Holotype : • ♀ [NEFU; on card], China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Medog County, Damu Village, 22–29.VI.2017, leg. Zhaxi, by Malaise trapping. Paratypes: • 2♀: 1♀ [NEFU; on slide], same data as the holotype • 1♀ [NEFU; on card], China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Medog County, Gedang Village, 31.V–5.VI.2021, leg. Jun-Jie Fan and Jun Wu, by yellow-pan trapping.

Female. Frontal sulcus slightly curved, nearly straight, reaching eye margin; clypeus quadrangular with lower margin arcuately protruding, 1.9–2.0 × as wide as high; antenna slender, flagellomeres decreasing in width from F1 to F5; propodeum smooth and flat, with a narrow groove along anterior margin, without median carina; all legs with apical tarsomere slander and elongate, nearly as long as half the length of whole tarsus.

Female. Body length 1.4–1.5 mm. Face and vertex bronze with golden-green reflections, eyes red, clypeus with same color as surrounding parts of face, mandibles yellowish white with base and apex brown. Mesosoma brown with weak golden-blue or golden-green reflections. Metasoma brown to dark brown, except yellow petiole. Antenna with scape yellowish white, pedicel and flagellum brown, gradually lighten towards apex, F5 yellowish white. All legs yellowish white except brown claws and fore coxae. Fore wings hyaline.

Head (Fig. 5A, B) in frontal view 1.3 × as wide as high. Face between frontal sulcus and frontal cross-ridge with weak and irregular sculpture, remainder of face and vertex smooth; POL:OOL ~ 1.8:1.0; frontal sulcus slightly curved, nearly straight, reaching eye margin, the midpoint closer to antennal torulus than median ocellus; antennal scrobes join frontal sulcus separately; subtorular grooves and frontal cross-ridge present; clypeus quadrangular with lower margin arcuately protruding, 1.9–2.0 × as wide as high; mandible with two large teeth at apex and a row of smaller teeth at base; HE:MS:WM ~ 2.8:1.0:1.2. Antenna (Fig. 5C) slender, with all five flagellomeres separated from each other; scape 6.5 × as long as wide; pedicel 2.4 × as long as wide, and 0.6 × as long as F1; flagellomeres decreasing in width from F1 to F5, F1 0.9 × as long and 1.5 × as wide as F2.

Figure 5. 

Omphale longitarsus sp. nov., paratype, ♀ A, B head, frontal view C antenna D, E mesosoma, dorsal view F fore wing G hind wing H metasoma, dorsal view I–K fore, mid and hind leg, respectively. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Mesosoma (Fig. 5D, E) 1.5 × as long as wide; pronotum reduced and not visible in dorsal view; mesoscutum smooth and flat, with two pairs of setae; notauli indicated only in anterior third; mesoscutellum flat, with very weak traces of reticulation, 1.4 × as long as wide, with one pair of setae located in the middle and close to lateral margin; axillae smooth; metascutellum smooth, nearly triangular, 0.4 × as long as wide, and 0.5 × as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral panels of metanotum smooth; propodeum smooth and flat, with a narrow groove along anterior margin, without median carina. Fore wing (Fig. 5F) 2.6 × as long as wide, with rather dense setae on membrane, speculum closed; with nine admarginal setae arising from MV; PMV shorter than STV, radial cell setose, ratio of SMV:MV:PMV:STV ~ 4.3:7.8:1.0:1.8. Hind wing (Fig. 5G) 5.5 × as long as wide, apex slightly pointed. All legs (Fig. 5I–K) with apical tarsomere slander and elongate, nearly half the length of whole tarsus; metatibial spur distinctly shorter than basal tarsomere, only reaching the middle of basal tarsomere.

Metasoma (Fig. 5H) 2.2 × as long as wide; petiole short; gaster 1.6 × as long as the length of mesosoma, and longer than head + mesosoma (1.2:1.0); ovipositor sheaths exserted beyond apex of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

The specific name refers to the elongate tarsus.

China (Xizang Autonomous Region).

Omphale longitarsus sp. nov. should belong to Aetius group, and can be separated from other species by having antenna slender, flagellomeres decreasing in width distinctly from F1 to F5, F1 0.9 × as long and 1.5 × as wide as F2; all legs with apical tarsomere slander and elongate, nearly half the length of whole tarsus.

• 6♀1♂: 2♀1♂ [NEFU; on cards, right antenna of ♂ on slide], China, Liaoning Province, Fushun City, Dahuofang Forestry Station, 18.VI.2012, leg. Hui Geng, Xiang-Xiang Jin, and Jiang Liu, by sweep netting • 1♀ [NEFU; on card], China, Liaoning Province, Fushun City, Yuanshuailin (Marshal Mausoleum), 18.VI.2012, leg. Hui Geng, Xiang-Xiang Jin, and Jiang Liu, by sweep netting • 1♀ [NEFU; on card], China, Liaoning Province, Anshan City, Qianshan, 21.VI.2015, leg. Hui Geng, Si-Zhu Liu, Yan Gao, and Zhi-Guang Wu, by sweep netting • 2♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Liaoning Province, Anshan City, Qianshan, 23.VI.2015, leg. Hui Geng, Si-Zhu Liu, Yan Gao, and Zhi-Guang Wu, by sweep netting.

Female. Body length 1.2–1.5 mm, mainly yellowish white, yellow to pale brown without metallic reflection; occiput with a brown transverse stripe; along median line of mesoscutum and scutellum dark brown; 7^th tergite and apical parts of ovipositor sheaths dark brown to black; antenna with scape yellowish white, only dorsal part dark brown; pedicel yellowish white, brown at base; flagellum dark brown; fore wing hyaline, with infuscate around STV and base of MV; legs mainly yellow to yellowish white. Head (Fig. 6A) with face with weak sculpture; frontal sulcus nearly straight, antennal scrobes meeting on frontal sulcus; frontal cross-ridge absent; clypeus semicircular 1.3–1.4 × as wide as high; mandible tridentate. Antenna (Fig. 6B) with five flagellomeres separated from each other; scape slightly stout, 3.4 × as long as wide; pedicel 2.0 × as long as wide; flagellomeres decreasing in length distinctly from F1 to F5, F1 1.2 × as long and 1.1 × as wide as F2. Mesosoma (Fig. 6C) with mesoscutum and scutellum with shallow reticulation; midlobe of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae; scutellum 1.2 × as long as wide; propodeum smooth, without median carina. Fore wing (Fig. 6D) speculum closed; with 4–5 admarginal setae arising from MV and membrane just below MV; STV enlarged and subcircular, PMV 1.0–1.2 × as long as STV, radial cell bare. Metasoma (Fig. 6F), gaster elongate, 1.7 × as long as mesosoma, longer than head + mesosoma (1.4:1.0).

Figure 6. 

Omphale melina A head, frontal view, ♀ B antenna, ♀ C mesosoma, dorsal view, ♀ D fore wing, ♀ E hind wing, ♀ F metasoma, dorsal view, ♀ G antenna, ♂. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Male. Body length 1.2 mm, mainly brown and with weak metallic reflection; antenna brown, only basal 1/3 of scape yellowish white. Antenna (Fig. 6G) slender and longer than female, F1–4 with verticillate setae and the setae reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; F1 0.9 × as long and 1.2 × as wide as F2. Gaster with an oval and transparent membranous region between 1^st tergite and 4^th tergite. Other features as in female.

Unknown.

China (Liaoning Province) (new record); Russia (Yefremova and Kriskovich 1994).

The male of Omphale melina is recorded for the first time in the world. The color of females collected from China is distinctly lighter than in the paratype from Russia, while the male collected from China has similar color to the paratype female from Russia (Hansson and Shevtsova (2012: figs 468–470). Both sexes of O. melina can be easily separated from other species in Omphale through its enlarged stigmal vein and non-metallic body.

• 12♀: 4♀ [NEFU; 3 on cards, 1 on slide], China, Liaoning Province, Anshan City, Qianshan, 21.VI.2015, leg. Hui Geng, Si-Zhu Liu, Yan Gao, and Zhi-Guang Wu, by sweep netting • 3♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Liaoning Province, Huludao City, Jianchang county, Bailangshan National Nature Reserve, 04.VII.2012, leg. Si-Zhu Liu and Jiang Liu, by sweep netting • 2♀ [NEFU; 1 on card, 1 on slide], China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Medog County, Damu Village, 22–29.VI.2017, leg. Zhaxi, by Malaise trapping • 2♀ [NEFU; on cards], China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Medog County, Damu Village, 15–22.VI.2017, leg. Zhaxi, by Malaise trapping • 1♀ [NEFU; on card], China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Medog County, Gedang Village, 31.V–05.VI.2021, leg. Jun-Jie Fan and Jun Wu, by yellow-pan trapping.

Female. Body length 1.2–1.4 mm, mainly brown to dark brown, face and vertex with bronze metallic tinges; eyes dull red; antenna with scape yellow to pale brown, pedicel and flagellum brown to dark brown; mandibles pale brown to yellow; legs yellow to yellowish white, except dark brown claws and brown fore coxa; wings hyaline. Head (Fig. 7A, B) not collapsed after death; face and vertex smooth, without any reticulation; POL:OOL ~ 1.3:1.0; frontal sulcus V-shaped, reaching eye margin, the midpoint closer to antennal toruli than to median ocellus; antennal scrobes meeting just below frontal sulcus and connected to frontal sulcus by a short longitudinal suture; HE:MS:WM ~ 3.9:1.0:2.3; clypeus trapezoid to triangular, as high as the width at its lower margin, lower margin protruding and emarginate; mandible with two large and pointed teeth at apex and 3–4 smaller and obtuse teeth at base. Antenna (Fig. 7C) with all five flagellomeres separated from each other; scape 5.3 × as long as wide, longer than pedicel + F1; pedicel 1.8 × as long as wide; F1–5 with verticillate setae, setae on F1 reaching apex of F1, and setae on F2–5 reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; F1 1.0 × as long and 1.4 × as wide as F2; F3 to F5 slightly decreasing in both length and width. Mesosoma (Fig. 7D, E), 1.6 × as long as wide; mesoscutum with sparse reticulation with transverse meshes, mid lobe with two pairs of setae, with a shallow median groove in posterior 1/3; notauli as subtriangular impressions in posterior 1/2; mesoscutellum 1.3 × as long as wide, with sparse and elongate reticulation or striation and one pair of setae, anterior 1/2 with an indistinct and shallow median groove; metascutellum with two foveae anterolaterally, 0.4 × as long as wide, 0.3 × as long as length of median propodeum; propodeum 0.5 × as long as mesoscutellum, smooth, with a distinct and complete median carina and a pair of plicae, as well as a wide groove along anterior margin, posteromedian part forms a short nucha. Fore wing (Fig. 7J) 2.8 × as long as wide, speculum closed; with six to ten admarginal setae arising from both MV and from membrane just below MV; STV long and slender, PMV shorter than STV, radial cell setose, ratio of SMV:MV:PMV:STV ~ 5.9:10.0:1.0:1.5. Hind wing (Fig. 7K) 6.3 × as long as wide, apex pointed. Legs (Fig. 7F–H) with metatibial spur very short, not reaching the middle of basal tarsomere. Metasoma (Fig. 7I) with petiole pyriform, 0.6 × as long as length of median propodeum; gaster 1.2 × as long as length of mesosoma, nearly as long as head + mesosoma; ovipositor sheaths exserted beyond apex of gaster.

Figure 7. 

Omphale obscura, ♀ A, B head, frontal view C antenna D, E mesosoma, dorsal view F–H fore, mid and hind leg, respectively I metasoma, dorsal view J fore wing K hind wing. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Male. Not collected from China, see Hansson and Shevtsova (2012).

Dasineura viciae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) (Bouček and Askew 1968).

China (Xizang Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province) (new record); Germany (Förster 1841); Switzerland (Förster 1861); Hungary (Erdös 1956); Austria, Sweden, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia (Bouček and Askew 1968); Croatia (Bouček 1977); Czech Republic (Kalina 1989); Italy (De Stefani 1905); Netherlands (Gijswijt 2003); France, Russia (Hansson and Shevtsova 2012); Romania (Hansson 2016).

The specimens collected from China have distinct propodeal plicae that almost reach the anterior margin of the propodeum, whereas the European specimens have irregular plicae that only reach half the length of the propodeum (Hansson and Shevtsova 2012: fig. 376).

Holotype : • ♀ [NEFU; on card], China, Jiangxi Province, Shangrao City, Yanshan County, Yejiachang Village, 7.VII.2013, leg. Chao Zhang, by sweep netting. Paratypes: • 1♀ [NEFU; on slide], China, Sichuan Province, Guangyuan City, Qingchuan County, 20.VIII.2015, leg. Ye Chen and Chao Zhang, by sweep netting.

Female. Frontal sulcus straight, reaching eye margin, distance from frontal sulcus to median ocellus is as long as distance to toruli; antennal scrobes slightly wide and deep, as grooves rather than sulcus, meeting below frontal sulcus and connected to frontal sulcus by a short longitudinal suture; clypeus with both upper and lower margins arcuate, nearly oval-shaped, 2.0 × as wide as high; notauli step-shaped, indicated by smooth depressions; propodeum with a narrow groove along anterior margin, without median carina.

Female. Body length 1.5–1.6 mm. Face and vertex dark brown with weak golden-green and bronze reflections; eyes dull red; clypeus with same color as surrounding parts of face; mandibles yellowish white with apex brown; mesosoma brown with golden-blue and golden-green reflections; metasoma brown to dark brown except yellow petiole; antenna with scape yellowish white, pedicel and flagellum brown; all legs yellowish white except fore coxae and fore tarsi, which are brown or yellowish brown; fore wings hyaline.

Head (Fig. 8A, B) in frontal view 1.2 × as wide as high; face and vertex smooth, only parts around antennal toruli with very weak reticulation and genae with weak transverse sculpture; occipital margin with a sharp edge; POL:OOL ~ 1.3:1.0; frontal sulcus straight, reaching eye margin, distance from frontal sulcus to median ocellus as long as distance to antennal toruli; antennal scrobes slightly wide and deep, meeting below frontal sulcus and connected to frontal sulcus by a short longitudinal suture; frontal cross-ridge slightly W-shaped and not reaching eye margin; clypeus with both upper and lower margins arcuate, nearly oval-shaped, 2.0 × as wide as high; mandible with two large teeth at apex and five smaller teeth at base; gena curved and slightly convex; HE:MS:WM ~ 5.7:1.0:4.7. Antenna (Fig. 8C) with all five flagellomeres separated from each other; scape 4.7 × as long as wide; pedicel 1.8 × as long as wide, and 0.75 × as long as F1; flagellomeres with F1, F2 and F3 almost equal in length, width of basal part of F1 equal to width of F2, but widest part of F1 1.5 × as wide as F2.

Figure 8. 

Omphale rectisulcus sp. nov., paratype, ♀ A, B head, frontal view C antenna D, E mesosoma, dorsal view F–H fore, mid and hind leg, respectively I metasoma, dorsal view J fore wing K hind wing. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Mesosoma (Fig. 8D, E) 1.5 × as long as wide; pronotum reduced and not visible in dorsal view; mesoscutum with shallow polygonal reticulation, meshes of reticulation barely elongate or transverse; notauli step-shaped, indicated by smooth depressions; median part of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae, and posterior margin slightly emarginate; mesoscutellum 1.2 × as long as wide, with same reticulation as mesoscutum, anterior 1/4–1/3 with a weak median groove, anterior corners impressed, single pair of setae located in the lower middle of scutellum; axillae with weak reticulation; metascutellum smooth, 0.4 × as long as wide, and 0.5–0.6 × as long as length of median propodeum, with two foveae anterolaterally; lateral panels of metanotum smooth; propodeum smooth with a narrow groove along anterior margin, without median carina. Fore wing (Fig. 8J) 2.3 × as long as wide, speculum closed; with seven admarginal setae arising from both MV and from membrane just below MV; PMV distinctly longer than STV, radial cell bare; ratio of SMV:MV:PMV:STV ~ 4.2:7.5:2.1:1.0. Hind wing (Fig. 8K) 4.8 × as long as wide, apex rounded. Legs (Fig. 8F–H) with metatibial spur nearly reaching apex of basal tarsomere.

Metasoma (Fig. 8I) with petiole short and wide; gaster 1.9 × as long as length of mesosoma, and longer than head + mesosoma (1.2:1.0); ovipositor sheaths exserted beyond apex of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

The specific name refers to the straight frontal sulcus (recti- is Latin for straight).

China (Sichuan and Jiangxi Provinces).

Omphale rectisulcus sp. nov. should belong to the huggerti group, and is closest to O. aperta Hansson, 2004. The two species share the following characteristics: frontal sulcus straight or nearly straight; antennal scrobes meeting below frontal sulcus and connected to frontal sulcus by a short longitudinal suture; metascutellum flat, with two foveae anterolaterally; petiole short and wide. Omphale rectisulcus sp. nov. differs from O. aperta in having the clypeus nearly oval-shaped (vs nearly semicircular in O. aperta); fore wing with seven admarginal setae arising from MV and membrane just below MV (vs six in O. aperta), speculum closed (vs open below in O. aperta), PMV distinctly longer than STV (vs shorter than in O. aperta); propodeum without median carina (vs with median carina in O. aperta).

• 2♀: 1♀ [NEFU; on card], China, Heilongjiang Province, Yichun City, Dailing District, Liangshui National Nature Reserve, 26.VII.2015, leg. Si-Zhu Liu, Xing-Yue Jin, and Xin-Yu Zhang, by sweep netting • 1♀ [NEFU; on slide], China, Heilongjiang Province, Yichun City, Dailing District, Liangshui National Nature Reserve, 02.VIII.2015, leg. Si-Zhu Liu, Xing-Yue Jin, and Xin-Yu Zhang, by sweep netting.

Female. Body length 1.1–1.7 mm, strongly sclerotized, mainly black to dark brown; antenna with scape yellowish brown to brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; fore wing hyaline. Head (Fig. 9A, B) with face and vertex smooth, frontal sulcus V-shaped, antennal scrobes meeting below meeting below frontal sulcus and connected frontal sulcus with longitudinal suture; clypeus trapezoid, 1.5 × as wide as high. Antenna (Fig. 9C) with five flagellomeres separated from each other; scape slightly stout, 5.2 × as long as wide; pedicel 1.5 × as long as wide; F1 1.0 × as long and 2.0 × as wide as F2; F1–5 with verticillate setae at base, the setae reaching or reaching beyond the apex of flagellomere attached to. Mesosoma (Fig. 9D, E) with mesoscutum and scutellum with distinct and sparse reticulation, meshes of reticulation mainly hexagonal; midlobe of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae and an incomplete shallow median groove; notauli as distinct deep grooves in posterior 1/2; scutellum 1.2 × as long as wide, with an incomplete median groove in anterior 1/2–2/3; metascutellum tongue like and without foveae anterolaterally; propodeum smooth, with a weak and narrow median carina, plica, between median carina and spiracular sulcus with a longitudinal carina, posterior part forming a short nucha; Fore wing (Fig. 9J) speculum closed, with 8–12 admarginal setae arising from MV and membrane just below MV; PMV shorter than STV, 0.7–0.8 × as long as STV, radial cell nearly bare (at least without setae along PMV). Metasoma (Fig. 9I), petiole quadratic to transverse, with anterior part drawn out to form a sharp margin that covers propodeal nucha; gaster 1.3 × as long as mesosoma, slightly longer than head + mesosoma (1.1:1.0).

Figure 9. 

Omphale sulciscuta, ♀ A, B head, frontal view C antenna D, E mesosoma, dorsal view F–H fore, mid and hind leg, respectively I metasoma, dorsal view J fore wing K hind wing. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Male. See Hansson and Shevtsova (2012).

Unknown.

China (Heilongjiang, Gansu, and Guangxi provinces); Armenia and Germany (Bouček and Askew 1968); Bulgaria (Boyadzhiev 2006); Croatia and Montenegro (Bouček 1977); Czech Republic (Bouček 1957); Denmark, France, and Russia (Hansson and Shevtsova 2012); Hungary (Erdös 1956); Moldova (Bouček 1965); Netherlands (Gijswijt 2003); Romania (Hansson 2016); Slovakia (Kalina 1989); Sweden (Thomson 1878); United Kingdom (Graham 1959).

Holotype : • ♀ [NEFU; on card, right antenna and right wings on slide], China, Hainan Province, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Jianfengling National Forest Park, 18.V.2021, leg. Ming-Rui Li and Gang Fu, by sweep netting.

Female. Body mainly yellow without metallic reflections, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with a brown median stripe, posterior margin of abdominal tergites and apical part of ovipositor sheaths brown to dark brown; mid lobe of mesoscutum with only one pair of setae; gaster lanceolate, 2.0 × as long as length of mesosoma, obviously longer than head + mesosoma (1.6:1.0); antenna with scape short, 4.0 × as long as wide; fore wing with ten admarginal setae, radial cell nearly bare, with a sparsely hairline from the middle part of radial cell.

Female. Body length 1.4 mm, mainly yellow without metallic reflections, with a brown longitudinal stripe along median part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, posterior margin of abdominal tergites and apical part of ovipositor sheaths dark brown; eyes dull red; antenna with scape yellowish white, except apical 1/3 of dorsal edge brown, pedicel pale brown to brown, flagellum dark brown; mandibles with teeth dark brown; all legs yellow to yellowish white, except brown tarsal claws; wings hyaline.

Head (Fig. 10A) in frontal view 1.3 × as wide as high, slightly collapsed after death; face and vertex smooth; POL:OOL ~ 1.5:1.0; frontal sulcus arcuate, reaching eye margin, the midpoint closer to median ocellus than to antennal toruli; antennal scrobes join frontal sulcus separately; antennal toruli situated above level of lower eye margin; HE:MS:WM ~ 3.1:1.0:3.0; clypeus more or less semicircular, with upper margin weakly delimited and lower margin protruding, 2.2 × as wide as high; mandible with two large and pointed teeth at apex and one smaller and obtuse tooth at base. Antenna (Fig. 10B) with all five flagellomeres separated from each other; scape 4.0 × as long as wide; pedicel 1.4 × as long as wide; F1 1.0 × as long and 1.4 × as wide as F2; F3 to F5 slightly decreasing in both length and width.

Figure 10. 

Omphale xanthosoma sp. nov., holotype, ♀ A head, frontal view B antenna C dorsal habitus, shows mesosoma and metasoma D fore wing E hind wing F lateral habitus, shows legs. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Mesosoma (Fig. 10C) 1.4 × as long as wide; pronotum reduced and not visible in dorsal view; mesoscutum with fine reticulation, mid lobe with only one pair of black setae; notauli indicated in anterior third; mesoscutellum 1.1 × as long as wide, anterior 1/2 with fine reticulation, posterior 1/2 smooth, with one pair of black setae located in the middle part; metascutellum small and triangular; propodeum short medially, 0.2 × as long as mesoscutellum, smooth, without median carina or plica. Fore wing (Fig. 10D) 2.5 × as long as wide, speculum closed, with ten admarginal setae arising from both MV and from membrane just below MV, with apical setae attached close to STV; PMV longer than STV, radial cell nearly bare, with a sparsely hairline from the middle part of radial cell, ratio of SMV:MV:PMV:STV ~ 3.9:5.3:1.9:1.0. Hind wing (Fig. 10E) 5.3 × as long as wide, apex pointed. Legs (Fig. 10F)with hind femur with three distinct long setae on outer side.

Metasoma (Fig. 10C) 3.4 × as long as wide; petiole short; Gaster lanceolate, 2.0 × as long as length of mesosoma, obviously longer than head + mesosoma (1.6:1.0); ovipositor sheaths exserted beyond apex of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

The specific name refers to the yellow body of this new species.

China (Hainan Province).

Omphale xanthosoma sp. nov. should belong to the obscurinotata group, and is similar to Omphale mellea Hansson. The two species share the following characteristics: body mostly yellow; antenna with scape mainly yellowish white to yellow, flagellum dark brown; mid lobe of mesoscutum with only one pair of setae; metascutellum small; propodeum short medially; fore wing with radial cell nearly bare, with a sparsely hairline from the middle part of radial cell; gaster elongate. Omphale xanthosoma sp. nov. differs from O. mellea in having a brown longitudinal stripe along the median part of the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (vs only scutellum occasionally with a median infuscate stripe in O. mellea); fore wing hyaline, without any infuscate part (hyaline, infuscate close to STV in O. mellea); antenna with flagellum slender, F2 and F3 both nearly as long as F1 (vs flagellum stouter, F2 and F3 both shorter than F1 in O. mellea). Omphale xanthosoma sp. nov. also looks similar to O. melina but can be easily separated from it through the one pair setae on the midlobe of the mesoscutum and the narrow STV (midlobe of mesoscutum with two pairs setae and STV enlarged in O. melina). Omphale xanthosoma sp. nov.is also similar to O. ochra Hansson & Shevtsova, 2012 and O. rodopiensis Yefremova, Yegorenkova & Boyadzhiev, 2017. Habitually, it can be easily separated from the latter two species through the mostly yellow and non-metallic mesoscutum and the long PMV, which 1.9 × as long as STV (mesoscutum with at least anterior 1/2 golden green, PMV 0.7–0.9 × as long as STV in both O. ochra and O. rodopiensis, see Yefremova et al. (2017)).