Research Article
Print
Research Article
Review of the Palaearctic species of Apsilocera Bouček, 1956 (Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae), with descriptions of the eight new species
expand article infoEkaterina V. Tselikh‡, Jaehyeon Lee§, Michael Haas|, Mircea-Dan Mitroiu, Deok-Seo Ku#
‡ Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
§ Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany
¶ Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
# The Science Museum of Natural Enemies, Geochang, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Ekaterina V. Tselikh ( tselikhk@gmail.com )

Academic editor: Jonah M. Ulmer
© 2024 Ekaterina V. Tselikh, Jaehyeon Lee, Michael Haas, Mircea-Dan Mitroiu, Deok-Seo Ku.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Tselikh EV, Lee J, Haas M, Mitroiu M-D, Ku D-S (2024) Review of the Palaearctic species of Apsilocera Bouček, 1956 (Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae), with descriptions of the eight new species. ZooKeys 1215: 259-288. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1215.128603
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:73344A05-B2C1-4FBC-A67A-5F1E29B3BB2A
Open Access

Abstract

Palaearctic species of the genus Apsilocera Bouček, 1956 are reviewed. Twelve Palaearctic species are recognized based on females, of which eight new species are described: Apsilocera bradburyi Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov. (Republic of Korea), A. budai Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov. (Republic of Korea), A. eleganta Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov. (Republic of Korea, Sweden), A. grandistigma Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov. (Republic of Korea), A. jejuensis Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov. (Republic of Korea), A. marina Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov. (Republic of Korea), A. totoroi Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov. (Germany, Japan, Sweden), and A. triapitzini Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov. (Russia, Republic of Korea, Sweden). The female of A. verticillata Bouček, 1956 is described for the first time. Apsilocera dupla Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013 and A. elongata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013 are recorded from the Palaearctic region for the first time. An identification key to females of all Palaearctic species of Apsilocera is given.

Key words

Description, key, new record, new species, parasitoid, Pteromalinae, redescription

Introduction

The pteromalid genus Apsilocera Bouček, 1956 (type species Apsilocera verticillata Bouček, 1956) belongs to the family Pteromalidae, subfamily Pteromalinae (Burks et al. 2022), and is distributed in the Nearctic, Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions. Until present, it comprised nineteen species, with only A. bramleyi Graham, 1966 and A. verticillata Bouček, 1956 being found in the Palaearctic region (Bouček 1956; Graham 1966; UCD Community 2023). Another one species A. breviscapus Bouček, 1993 is distributed in the Nearctic region (Bouček 1993; UCD Community 2023). Thirteen other species A. acuticristata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. bicristata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. brevivena Xiao & Huang, 2001, A. cornuta Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. dentata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. dupla Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. elongata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. fulvipennis Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. longicornis Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. maculata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. obtusicristata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, A. palliclava Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, and A. tuberculata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013 are distributed in the Oriental region (Xiao and Huang 2001; Mitroiu and Achterberg 2013; UCD Community 2023). Three species, A. australis Bouček, 1988, A. bidens (Bouček, 1988) and A. brevis (Bouček, 1988) are distributed in the Australian region (UCD Community 2023).

Unfortunately, the biology of most Apsilocera species is unknown, but most were collected near dead trees in forests. Only A. bramleyi is known to parasitize small dipterans of the family Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyia sp. and Mycocecis ovalis Edwards, 1922 (Graham 1969; Ghahari and Huang 2012).

The aim of this work is to describe eight new species of Apsilocera from Palaearctic region. An identification key to females of all Palaearctic species of Apsilocera is also provided.

Materials and methods

The specimens examined in this study are deposited in the collections of the National Institute of Biological Resources (Incheon, Republic of Korea; NIBR), the Science Museum of Natural Enemies (Geochang, Republic of Korea; SMNE), the National Museum in Prague (Prague, Czech Republic; NMPC), the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany; SMNS), the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm, Sweden; NRM), and the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg, Russia; ZISP), the Entomological Laboratory of the Hokkaido University (Sapporo, Japan; EIHU), the Rijksmuseum Natuurlijke (Leiden, Netherlands; RNHL).

Morphological terminology, including sculpture and wing venation, follows Bouček and Rasplus (1991), Gibson (1997), and Burks et al. (2022). The flagellum consists of two anelli, six funicular segments, and the four-segmented clava. The antennal formula includes the number of segments: scapus, pedicellus, anelli, funicular segments, claval segments. The following abbreviations are used: POL – posterior ocellar line, the minimum distance between the posterior ocelli; OOL – ocello-ocular line, the minimum distance between a posterior ocellus and compound eye; C1–C4 – claval segments; M – marginal vein; S – stigmal vein; PM – postmarginal vein; F1–F6 – funicular segments; Mt2–Mt8 – metasomal tergites (Mt1 – petiole). The scape is measured without the radicle; the pedicel is measured in lateral view. The distance between the clypeal lower margin and the toruli is measured from the lower margins of the toruli. Eye height is measured as the maximum diameter, eye length as the minimum diameter. The mesosoma and metasoma are measured in lateral view, the latter including the ovipositor sheaths.

Specimens were examined using Olympus SZX12 and Nikon SMZ745T microscopes. Photographs were taken with a Canon EOS 70D digital camera mounted on an Olympus SZX10 microscope (IZAS, SMNE and ZISP specimens), and a Leica DFC500 digital camera attached to a Leica M205A automated research stereomicroscope (RNHL specimens). The acquired images were then processed with Helicon Focus.

Taxonomic account

Class Hexapoda Blainville, 1816

Order Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758

Family Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820

Subfamily Pteromalinae Ashmead, 1904

Apsilocera Bouček, 1956

Apsilocera Bouček, 1956: 319–121. Type species Apsilocera verticillata Bouček, 1956, by monotypy.

Buloloa Bouček, 1988: 425–426. Type species: B. bidens Bouček, 1988, by monotypy. Synonymy by Mitroiu and Achterberg 2013: 449.

Kratinka Bouček, 1988: 428–429. Type species: K. brevis Bouček, 1988, by monotypy. Synonymy by Mitroiu and Achterberg 2013: 449, 450.

Bulolosa Bouček, 1990: 87. Replacement name for Buloloa Bouček, 1988. Synonymy by Mitroiu and Achterberg 2013: 449.

Diagnosis

Head with (Figs 1, 53, 61, 69, 100, 101, 105) or without (Figs 11, 20, 27, 36, 42, 78, 85, 94, 103) ornamentation; without occipital carina. Gena usually moderately to strongly receding towards mouth, hollowed of not hollowed at mouth corner; gena lamina absent. Lower margin of clypeus with one small tooth (Fig. 91), with two small teeth (Figs 13, 27, 75), convex (Fig. 45), produced and emarginate medially (Figs 19, 35, 84), with small median projection (Fig. 105), weakly emarginate (Fig. 1), rounded (Fig. 58). Antennal formula 11264; anelli small, F1–F6 longer than broad or quadrate, with one or two rows of sensilla, antennal clava not large, symmetrical, micropilose area small. Antennal toruli situated above level of lower edges of eyes (Figs 11, 20, 27, 36, 42, 53, 69, 78, 85, 94, 100, 101, 103), sometimes on level of upper edges of eyes (Figs 1, 61); antennal protuberance and scrobes absent. Mandible formula 3:4 (Figs 11, 91) or 4:4 (Figs 35, 68).

Mesosoma short, moderately depressed or arched. Pronotum narrower than mesoscutum, with collar margin carinate (Figs 21, 28, 37, 43). Notauli incomplete (Figs 4, 10, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57, 65, 82, 90). Scutellum moderately depressed (Figs 2, 24, 89, 102, 104, 106) or arched (Figs 16, 40, 48, 64, 81, 97), without conspicuous sublateral grooves, with distinct reticulate frenal area, but without frenal groove. Metapleuron entirely smooth. Propodeum finely reticulate (Figs 49, 74), weakly alutaceous (Figs 33, 41, 57, 65, 82), smooth and shiny (Figs 4, 9, 90), plicae present; without costula and with median carina, nucha short or absent; propodeal spiracles near to front margin of sclerite. Fore wing hyaline or with infumation, with distinct speculum; M not widened proximally; M longer than S (Figs 14, 22, 30, 38, 46, 54, 62, 71, 79, 87, 95). Hind coxa dorsally bare; hind tibia with one spur.

Metasoma sessile, short, ovate (Figs 39, 55, 72, 80, 96) to acuminate (Figs 7, 15, 23, 31, 47, 63, 88), as long as or shorter than combined length of mesosoma and head. Cerci with setae subequal in length. Ovipositor not much protruding.

Distribution

Nearctic, Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions.

Key to Palaearctic species of Apsilocera based on females

1 Vertex with only regular sculpture (Figs 11, 20, 27, 36, 42, 78, 85, 94, 103) 2
– Vertex with various ornamentations distinctly raised above regular sculpture (Figs 1, 53, 61, 69, 100, 101, 105) 11
2 Clypeal margin with one small tooth (Fig. 91) or broadly convex (Fig. 45) 3
– Clypeal margin with two small teeth (Figs 13, 27, 75) or produced and emarginate medially (Figs 19, 35, 84) 5
3 Clypeal margin broadly convex (Fig. 45). POL 1.70–1.85 × OOL. Stigma of fore wing elongate (Fig. 46) A. elongata Mitroiu & Achterberg
– Clypeal margin with one small tooth (Fig. 91). POL 1.2–1.5 × OOL. Stigma of fore wing less elongate (Fig. 95) 4
4 Head in dorsal view 2.55–2.60 × as broad as long (Fig. 93) and in frontal view 1.48–1.50 × as broad as high (Fig. 94). Fore wing with M 2.10–2.20 × as long as S (Fig. 95). Antenna with scape, pedicel and F1–F6 yellowish brown, clava brown (Fig. 92) A. verticillata Bouček
– Head in dorsal view 2.10–2.25 × as broad as long and in frontal view 1.30–1.45 × as broad as high (Fig. 103). Fore wing with M 2.4–2.5 × as long as S (Fig. 104). Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish brown, funicle and clava brown (Fig. 104) A. maculata Mitroiu & Achterberg
5 Clypeal margin produced and emarginate medially (Figs 19, 35, 84) 6
– Clypeal margin with 2 small teeth (Figs 13, 27, 75) 9
6 Fore wing with M 1.50 × as long as S. Eye height 4.00 × as long as malar space A. brevivena Xiao & Huang
– Fore wing with M 1.85–2.20 × as long as S (Figs 22, 38, 87). Eye height 1.76–2.10 × as long as malar space 7
7 Mandible formula 4:4 (Fig. 35). F1 with many unevenly arranged sensilla (Fig. 34). Clypeal margin narrowly emarginate (Fig. 35) A. eleganta Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov.
– Mandible formula 3:4. F1 with sparse, uniformly arranged sensilla (Figs 18, 83). Clypeal margin widely emarginate (Figs 19, 84) 8
8 Head and mesosoma finely reticulate (Figs 17, 20). Head in dorsal view not curved (Fig. 21). Spiracles of propodeum narrow (Fig. 17) A. bramleyi Graham
– Head and mesosoma grossly reticulate (Figs 82, 85). Head in dorsal view curved (Fig. 86). Spiracles of propodeum not narrow (Fig. 82) A. triapitzini Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov.
9 Propodeum with reticulate sculpture (Fig. 74). Fore coxae black or dark brown (Fig. 73). Scutellum finely reticulate (Fig. 74) A. totoroi Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov.
– Propodeum smooth (Figs 9, 25). Fore coxa yellowish brown (Fig. 24) or basally brown, apically yellowish brown (Fig. 8). Scutellum grossly reticulate (Figs 9, 25) 10
10 Mandible formula 4:4. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 2.00–2.30 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus A. dupla Mitroiu & Achterberg
– Mandible formula 3:4 (Fig. 11). Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 3.00–3.20 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus A. bradburyi Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.
11 Vertex normal, not high, with a row of teeth originating near eye and ending near posterior ocellus (Fig. 69, 105). Head in frontal view 1.40–1.60 × as broad as high (Fig. 69, 105) 12
– Vertex high (Figs 1, 53, 61, 100, 101), with one (Figs 1, 61, 100) or two (Fig. 53, 101) crests or elevations between posterior ocelli and anterior ocellus. Head in frontal view 1.00–1.19 × as broad as high (Figs 1, 53, 61, 100, 101) 13
12 Clypeal margin with small median projection (Fig. 105). Eye height 1.14 × eye length (Fig. 106) and 2.00 × as long as malar space A. tuberculata Mitroiu & Achterberg
– Clypeal margin with two teeth (Fig. 66). Eye height 1.31–1.35 × eye length and 1.60–1.67 × as long as malar space A. marina Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.
13 Vertex with two distinct crests not composed of small sharp teeth, leaving a depression in middle (Fig. 53, 101) 14
– Vertex with one continuous crest composed of small sharp teeth, leaving no depression in middle (Figs 1, 61, 100) 15
14 POL 1.70–1.85 × OOL. Antenna with scape 1.37 × as long as eye length. Propodeum smooth. Fore wing with M 1.93 × as long as S, stigma small (Fig. 102) A. bicristata Mitroiu & Achterberg
– POL 1.45 × OOL. Antenna with scape 1.03 × as long as eye length. Propodeum finely reticulate (Fig. 49). Fore wing with M 1.50 × as long as S, stigma enlarged (Fig. 54) A. grandistigma Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.
15 Crest of vertex moderately high (Fig. 99, 100). Distal tooth of mandible blunt. POL 1.08 × OOL A. acuticristata Mitroiu & Achterberg
– Crest of vertex very high (Figs 1, 61). Distal tooth of mandible not blunt (Figs 1, 61). POL 0.77–0.85 × OOL 16
16 Crest height 0.80 × eye length (Fig. 1). Clypeal margin weakly emarginate (Fig. 1). Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 3.40 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Head grossly reticulate (Fig. 1) A. budai Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.
– Crest height 0.50 × eye length (Fig. 61). Clypeal margin rounded (Fig. 58). Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 4.00–4.15 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Head finely reticulate (Fig. 61) A. jejuensis Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.

Apsilocera bradburyi Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/592086BF-94C3-489C-9B0D-3B04D9C4CA6A
Figs 8–15

Type material

Holotype • female, Republic of Korea: “Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong-si, Bukhu-myeon, Dahyeon-ri, Malaise trap, coll. Kwon Gi-myon” (NIBR). Paratypes • 3 females, “Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Geumak-ri, Hanllim-eup, 16.VI–14.VII.2021, 16.VII–13.X.2021, Malaise trap, coll. Y.H. Park, M.H. Kim, D.H. Park, J.Y. Kim (1 female in ZISP, 2 females in SMNE) • 1 female, “Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Jocheon-eup, Gyorae Natual Recreate, 33°26'28"N, 126°39'53"E, 13.VII.2023, coll. E. Tselikh” (ZISP).

Description

Female. Body length 1.50–1.70 mm; fore wing length 1.40–1.50 mm.

Coloration. Head black; antenna with scape, pedicel, and anelli yellow, F1–F6 yellowish brown, clava brown. Mesosoma black, but propodeum dorsally dark blue with metallic diffuse luster; fore coxa basally brown, apically yellowish brown, mid and hind coxae yellowish brown, all femora yellowish brown, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma dorsally brown, laterally and ventrally yellowish brown; ovipositor sheaths brown.

Sculpture. Head reticulate; clypeus radially striate. Mesosoma reticulate; propodeum smooth. Metasoma weakly alutaceous and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.50–2.53 × as broad as long and 1.31–1.36 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.42–1.45 × as broad as high. Vertex with regular sculpture. POL 1.13–1.25 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.29–1.33 × eye length and 2.00–2.10 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 2.90–3.15 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 0.90–0.95 × as long as eye height and 1.09–1.16 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.57–1.66 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.04–1.10 × breadth of head; F1–F6 longer than broad, with 1 row of sensilla; clava 2.88–3.16 × as long as broad, with small micropilose area on each C3 and C4. Clypeal margin with two small teeth. Mandible formula 3:4.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.22–1.31 × as long as broad. Scutellum moderately arched, 0.82 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.37–0.41 × as long as scutellum; nucha short. Fore wing 2.13–2.22 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell with several hairs near basal vein; basal vein pilose; speculum partly closed below; M 0.85–0.87 × as long as PM and 2.17–2.20 × as long as S; stigma small.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.73–2.03 × as long as broad, 1.50–1.55 × as long as mesosoma. Petiole strongly transverse. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology

The species is named in honor of the famous writer Ray Douglas Bradbury.

Distribution

Korean Peninsula.

Comments

Apsilocera bradburyi sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with regular sculpture. This species is very similar to A. dupla; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera bramleyi Graham, 1966

Figs 16–23

Apsilocera bramleyi Graham, 1966: 301–304. Holotype female (HDOU, not examined).

Additional material examined

Japan • 1 female, “Yokohama, Kanagawa Pref., 11.VI.2002, coll. K. Kubo” (EIHU). Russia • 1 female, “Krasnodar Reg., Sochi, Lazarevskoe, VIZR, 21.VII.1975, coll. V. Triapitzin” (ZISP). Germany • 1 female (SMNS_Hym_Pte_001795), “D, Sachsen, Lkr. Bautzen, Luppa, 51.278N, 14.403183E, 164 m, Sweep net, coll. L. Krogmann, T. Kothe”, Sample ID: SMNS_38858 (SMNS). Sweden • 1 female (SMNS_Hym_Pte_006119), “Sweden, Mörbylånga, Lilla Vickleby Lunds NR (#115/2014), old oak forest, 27.VI–30.VII.2014, Malaise trap, 56.567331N, 16.441516E, coll. M. Jaschhof, C. Jaschhof”, Sample ID: SMNS_48289 (SMNS); • 1 female (SMNS_Hym_Pte_005876), “Sweden, Mörbylånga, Lilla Vickleby Lunds NR (#137/2014), old oak forest, 31.VII–29.VIII.2014, Malaise trap, 56.567331N, 16.441516E, coll. M. Jaschhof, C. Jaschhof”, Sample ID: SMNS_48046 (SMNS).

Biology

Primary parasitoid of Cecidomyia sp. and Mycocecis ovalis Edwards, 1922 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) (Graham 1969; Ghahari and Huang 2012).

Distribution

France, Germany, Iran, Japan, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Comments

Apsilocera bramleyi belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with regular sculpture. This species is very similar to A. triapitzini sp. nov.; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera budai Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/2C0500D4-3403-4AF9-B5CA-1A0C06F2110E
Figs 1–7

Type material

Holotype • female, Republic of Korea: “Gyeongsangnam-do, Goseong-gun, Hail-myeon, Suyang-ri, 34°58'34.8"N, 128°12'08.3"E, 18.VI.2022, coll. E. Tselikh” (NIBR).

Description

Female. Body length 1.40 mm; fore wing length 1.30 mm.

Coloration. Head black, in frontal view dark green with metallic diffuse luster; antenna yellowish brown. Mesosoma black, but propodeum dorsally dark blue-green with metallic diffuse luster; all coxa, all femora and tibiae yellowish brown, all tarsi yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma dark brown with metallic green, diffuse coppery luster; ovipositor sheaths dark brown.

Sculpture. Head grossly reticulate; clypeus radially striate, but near clypeal margin smooth. Mesosoma grossly reticulate; propodeum smooth. Metasoma weakly alutaceous and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.39 × as broad as long and 1.27 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.00 × as broad as high. Vertex with one continuous crest composed of small sharp teeth, leaving no depression in middle; crest height 0.80 × eye length. POL 0.77 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.31 × eye length and 1.79 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 3.46 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 1.18 × as long as eye height and 1.54 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.31 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.26 × breadth of head; F1–F6 longer than broad, with 1 row of sensilla; clava 2.63 × as long as broad, with small micropilose area on each C3 and C4. Clypeal margin produced and weakly emarginate medially.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.30 × as long as broad. Scutellum moderately depressed, 0.96 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.38 × as long as scutellum; nucha short. Fore wing 2.24 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell with several hairs near submarginal vein; basal vein pilose; speculum partly closed below; M 0.98 × as long as PM and 2.17 × as long as S; stigma small.

Figures 1–7. 

Apsilocera budai sp. nov., female, holotype 1 head, frontal view 2 habitus, lateral view 3 antenna 4 mesosoma, dorsal view 5 head, dorsal view 6 fore wing 7 metasoma, dorsal view.

Figures 8–15. 

Apsilocera bradburyi sp. nov., female, holotype 8 habitus, lateral view 9 mesosoma, dorsal view 10 head, pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal view 11 head, mandible, frontal view 12 antenna 13 clypeus 14 fore wing 15 metasoma, dorsal view.

Figures 16–23. 

Apsilocera bramleyi Graham, 1966, female, not type 16 habitus, lateral view 17 scutellum and propodeum, dorsal view 18 antenna 19 clypeus 20 head, frontal view 21 head and pronotum, dorsal view 22 fore wing 23 metasoma, dorsal view.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.63 × as long as broad, 1.19 × as long as mesosoma. Petiole strongly transverse. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology

The species is named in honor of the large golden statue of Buddha in the type locality.

Distribution

Korean Peninsula.

Comments

Apsilocera budai sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with one continuous crest composed of small sharp teeth. This species is very similar to A. jejuensis sp. nov.; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera dupla Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013

Figs 24–31

Apsilocera dupla Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013: 451, 461–462. Holotype female (RNHL, examined).

Type material

Holotype • female, Vietnam: “N. VIETNAM: Hoa Binh, Hang Kia Pà Cò N.R., 1329 m, 20°44'36"N, 104°53'45"E, 2.III–15.IV.2011, Mal. tr. 5, C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’11” (RMNH).

Additional material examined

Republic of Korea • 2 females, 1 male, “Gyeongsangbuk-do, Yeongyang-gun, Irwol-myeon, Mt. Ilwolsan, 36°48'29"N, 129°05'25"E, 7.VII.2015, coll. E. Tselikh” (ZISP) • 1 female, “Jeollanam-do, Goheung-gun, Geumsan-myeon, Eojeon-ri, 3.VIII–16.VIII.2020, Malaise trap, coll. D.S. Ku, J.H. Lee” (NIBR) • 2 females, “Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, Ilbanseong-myeon, Changchon-ri, 4.VI–20.VI.2022, 25.VI–16.VII.2022, Malaise trap, coll. An Tae-Ho” (SMNE) • 5 females, “Gyeongsangnam-do, Geoje-si, Hacheong-myeon, Eoon-ri, 34°59'24.6"N, 128°38'27"E, 2.VII.2023, coll. E. Tselikh (ZISP).

Distribution

Indonesia, Vietnam, Korean Peninsula.

Comments

Apsilocera dupla belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with regular sculpture. This species is very similar to Apsilocera bradburyi sp. nov.; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera eleganta Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/FEFF5EEE-761D-4D06-890B-DB485B647AC2
Figs 32–39

Type material

Holotype • female, Republic of Korea: “Gyeonggi-do, Pocheon-si, Soheul-eup, Jikdong-ri, Malaise trap, 30.X.2009, coll. S.Y. Park” (NIBR). Paratypes • 1 female (NHRS-HEVA000022836), “Sweden Öl, Mörbylånga kommun, Västerstads almlunds naturreservat., Old elm forest (3002 Trap ID, 3053 Event ID), 10.VI–9.VII.2014, Malaise trap, 56.427648N, 16.421110E, leg. Swedish Malaise Trap Project”, Sample ID: SMNS_50686 (NRM) • 1 female (SMNS_Hym_T00802), “Sweden Sm, Nybro kommun, Alsterbro/Alsterån, Mixed forest (1008 Trap ID, 2000 Event ID), 5.IX–13.X.2006, Malaise trap, 56.936536N, 15.920167E, leg. Swedish Malaise Trap Project”, Sample ID: SMNS_115563 (SMNS); • 1 female (NHRS-HEVA000022837), “Sweden Sm, Nybro kommun, Alsterbro/Alsterån, Mixed forest (1008 Trap ID, 1746 Event ID), 8.VIII–19.VIII.2006, Malaise trap, 56.936536N, 15.920167E, leg. Swedish Malaise Trap Project” (NRM).

Figures 24–31. 

Apsilocera dupla Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, female, not type 24 habitus, lateral view 25 mesosoma, dorsal view 26 clypeus 27 head, frontal view 28 head and pronotum, dorsal view 29 antenna 30 fore wing 31 metasoma, dorsal view.

Figures 32–39. 

Apsilocera eleganta sp. nov., female, holotype 32 habitus, lateral view 33 mesosoma, dorsal view 34 antenna 35 clypeus 36 head, frontal view 37 head and pronotum, dorsal view 38 fore wing 39 metasoma, dorsal view.

Description

Female. Body length 1.60–2.82 mm; fore wing length 1.65–2.11 mm.

Coloration. Head black; antenna yellowish brown. Mesosoma black, but propodeum dorsally dark blue with metallic diffuse luster; all coxae basally metallic blue, apically yellowish brown; all femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma dorsally brown, laterally and ventrally yellowish brown; ovipositor sheaths yellowish brown.

Figures 89–96. 

Apsilocera verticillata Bouček, 1956, female, not type 89 habitus, lateral view 90 mesosoma, dorsal view 91 clypeus and mandible 92 antenna 93 head and pronotum, dorsal view 94 head, frontal view 95 fore wing 96 metasoma, dorsal view.

Figures 97–106. 

97 Apsilocera verticillata Bouček, 1956, male, holotype habitus, lateral view 98 Apsilocera triapitzini sp. nov., male, paratype habitus, dorsal view 99, 100 Apsilocera acuticristata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, female, holotype 99 habitus, lateral view 100 head, frontal view 101, 102 Apsilocera bicristata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, female, holotype 101 head, frontal view 102 habitus, lateral view 103, 104 Apsilocera maculata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, female, holotype 103 head, frontal view 104 habitus, lateral view 105, 106 Apsilocera tuberculata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, female, holotype 105 head, frontal view 106 habitus, lateral view.

Sculpture. Head reticulate; clypeus radially striate, but near clypeal margin smooth. Mesosoma reticulate; propodeum alutaceous. Metasoma weakly alutaceous and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.43–2.65 × as broad as long and 1.27–1.32 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.49–1.58 × as broad as high. Vertex with regular sculpture. POL 1.14–1.19 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.37–1.40 × eye length and 1.76–2.00 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 2.50–2.61 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 0.92–0.95 × as long as eye height and 1.28–1.31 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.50–1.66 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 0.94–0.98 × breadth of head; F1, F2 longer than broad, F3–F6 subquadrate, with single row of sensilla; clava 2.85–3.18 × as long as broad, with small micropilose area on each C3 and C4. Clypeal margin produced and emarginate medially. Mandible formula 4:4.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.23–1.34 × as long as broad. Scutellum moderately depressed, 0.78 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.37–0.43 × as long as scutellum. Fore wing 1.94–2.01 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell with several hairs; basal vein pilose; speculum partly closed below; M 0.72–0.89 × as long as PM and 1.73–2.06 × as long as S; stigma small.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.19–1.50 × as long as broad and 1.05–1.20 × as long as mesosoma.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology

From the Latin elegans, referring to the elegant habitus of this species.

Distribution

Korean Peninsula, Sweden.

Comments

Apsilocera eleganta sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with regular sculpture. This species is very similar to A. bramleyi and A. triapitzini sp. nov.; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera elongata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013

Figs 40–47

Apsilocera elongata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013: 451, 462. Holotype female (RNHL, examined).

Type material

Holotype • female, Vietnam: “N. VIETNAM: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong N.P., nr centre (I), c 225 m, 20.XII.1999–10.II.2000, Mai Phu Quy, RMNH’00” (RMNH).

Figures 40–47. 

Apsilocera elongata Mitroiu & Achterberg, 2013, female, not type 40 habitus, lateral view 41 mesosoma, dorsal view 42 head, frontal view 43 head and pronotum, dorsal view 44 antenna 45 clypeus 46 fore wing 47 metasoma, dorsal view.

Additional material examined

Republic of Korea • 1 female, “Gyeongsangbuk-do, Ulijn-gun, Geumgangsong-myeon, Sogwang-ri, Malaise trap, 17.VIII.2016, coll. H.K. Lee” (NIBR).

Distribution

Korean Peninsula, Vietnam.

Comments

Apsilocera elongata sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with regular sculpture. This species is very similar to A. verticillata and A. maculata; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera grandistigma Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/844D223D-603C-4F56-8131-74805087F4B1
Figs 48–55

Type material

Holotype • female, Republic of Korea: “Gyeonggi-do, Pocheon-si, Soheul-eup, 37°45'01.6"N, 127°08'34.9"E, 24.V–12.VI.2017, coll. Kim, Kim, Nam” (NIBR).

Description

Female. Body length 1.40 mm; fore wing length 1.40 mm.

Coloration. Head black; antenna with scape, pedicel, and anelli yellowish brown, F1–F6 and clava brown. Mesosoma black; fore and mid coxa black, hind coxae basally black, apically yellowish brown, all femora yellowish brown, all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma and ovipositor sheaths brown.

Sculpture. Head reticulate; clypeus radially striate. Mesosoma reticulate; propodeum finely reticulate. Metasoma weakly alutaceous and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.26 × as broad as long and 1.21 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.13 × as broad as high. Vertex with two distinct crests not composed of small sharp teeth, leaving a depression in middle. POL 1.45 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.27 × eye length and 1.75 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 1.36 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 0.80 × as long as eye height and 1.03 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.88 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.18 × breadth of head; F1–F6 longer than broad, with 1 row of sensilla; clava 3.50 × as long as broad, with small micropilose area on each C3 and C4. Clypeal margin with one tooth.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.46 × as long as broad. Scutellum moderately depressed, 1.00 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.34 × as long as scutellum; nucha short. Fore wing 2.02 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell with several hairs; basal vein pilose; speculum partly closed below; M 0.75 × as long as PM and 1.50 × as long as S; stigma enlarged.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.40 × as long as broad, 1.00 × as long as mesosoma. Petiole strongly transverse. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology

From the Latin grandis and stigma, referring to the wide stigma of fore wing of this species.

Figures 48–55. 

Apsilocera grandistigma sp. nov., female, holotype 48 habitus, lateral view 49 mesosoma, dorsal view 50 clypeus 51 head and pronotum, dorsal view 52 antenna 53 head, frontal view 54 fore wing 55 metasoma, dorsal view.

Distribution

Korean Peninsula.

Comments

Apsilocera grandistigma sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with two distinct crests not composed of small sharp teeth, leaving a depression in middle. This species is very similar to A. bicristata; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera jejuensis Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/55F61397-C5FE-41F7-8A22-B90FA6F3B6F9
Figs 56–63

Type material

Holotype • female, Republic of Korea: “Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Hanllim-eup, Geumak-ri, 16.VII–13.X.2021, Malaise trap, coll. Y.H. Park, M.H. Kim, D.H. Park, J.Y. Kim” (NIBR). Paratype • 1 female, “Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Jocheon-eup, Gyorae Nat. Recreat., forest, 33°26'28"N, 126°39'53"E, 13.VII.2023, coll. E. Tselikh” (ZISP).

Description

Female. Body length 1.50–1.55 mm; fore wing length 1.43–1.50 mm.

Coloration. Head black in dorsal view and dark blue-green with metallic diffuse luster in frontal view; antenna with scape yellowish brown; pedicel, anelli, F1–F6, and clava brown. Mesosoma black, but propodeum dorsally dark blue-green with metallic diffuse luster; fore and mid coxa black, hind coxae basally black, apically yellowish brown, all femora yellowish brown, all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma dark brown with metallic green, diffuse coppery luster; ovipositor sheaths dark brown.

Sculpture. Head finely reticulate; clypeus radially striate, but near clypeal margin smooth. Mesosoma finely reticulate; propodeum weakly alutaceous. Metasoma Mt2 and Mt3 smooth, Mt4–Mt8 weakly alutaceous and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.30–2.36 × as broad as long and 1.31–1.33 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 0.90–1.11 × as broad as high. Vertex with one continuous crest composed of small sharp teeth, crest height 0.50 × eye length. POL 0.85–0.87 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.37–1.40 × eye length and 1.95–2.10 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 4.40–4.15 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 1.09–1.12 × as long as eye height and 1.44–1.53 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.35–1.45 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 0.95–0.98 × breadth of head; F1–F6 longer than broad, with 1 row of sensilla; clava 3.70–3.84 × as long as broad, with small micropilose areas on each C3 and C4. Clypeal margin rounded.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.30–1.36 × as long as broad. Scutellum moderately depressed, 0.77–0.81 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.45–0.48 × as long as scutellum; nucha short. Fore wing 2.24–2.28 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell with several hairs; basal vein pilose; speculum open below; M 0.90 × as long as PM and 2.10–2.22 × as long as S; stigma small.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.40–1.45 × as long as broad, 1.20–1.25 × as long as mesosoma. Petiole strongly transverse. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology

The species is named in honor of the type locality, Jeju Island.

Figures 56–63. 

Apsilocera jejuensis sp. nov., female, holotype 56 habitus, lateral view 57 mesosoma, dorsal view 58 clypeus 59 antenna 60 head and pronotum, dorsal view 61 head, frontal view 62 fore wing 63 metasoma, dorsal view.

Distribution

Korean Peninsula.

Comments

Apsilocera jejuensis sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with one continuous crest composed of small sharp teeth. This species is very similar to A. budai sp. nov.; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera marina Tselikh, Lee & Ku, sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/0C2D724C-E018-49FE-9ABB-B80F8B51DA23
Figs 64–72

Type material

Holotype • female, Republic of Korea: “Jeollanam-do, Goheung-gun, Bongnae-myeon, Oenarodo, Malaise trap, 16–29.VIII.2020, coll. D.S. Ku, J.H. Lee” (NIBR). Paratype • 1 female, “Jeju-do, Jeju-si, Hanllim-eup, Geumak-ri, 16.VI–14.VII.2021, Malaise trap, coll. Y.H. Park, M.H. Kim, D.H. Park, J.Y. Kim” (ZISP).

Description

Female. Body length 1.30–1.35 mm; fore wing length 1.40–1.45 mm.

Coloration. Head black in dorsal view and dark blue in frontal view; antenna with scape yellowish brown; pedicel, anelli, F1–F6, and clava brown. Mesosoma black, but propodeum dorsally dark blue-green with metallic diffuse luster; fore and hind coxa black with metallic diffuse violet luster, mid coxae yellowish brown, all femora yellowish brown, all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma dark brown with metallic green, diffuse coppery luster, laterally and ventrally brown; ovipositor sheaths dark brown.

Sculpture. Head finely reticulate; clypeus radially striate. Mesosoma reticulate; propodeum alutaceous. Metasoma smooth and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.36–2.43 × as broad as long and 1.31–1.34 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.36–1.38 × as broad as high. Vertex with a row of teeth originating near eye and ending near posterior ocellus. POL 1.20–1.33 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.31–1.35 × eye length and 1.60–1.67 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 3.68–3.70 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 1.00 × as long as eye height and 1.30–1.33 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.48–1.50 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.00 × breadth of head; F1–F6 longer than broad, with single row of sensilla; clava 2.60–2.85 × as long as broad, with small micropilose area on each C3 and C4. Clypeal margin with two teeth. Mandible formula 4:4.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.24–1.26 × as long as broad. Scutellum arched, 0.86–0.88 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.44 × as long as scutellum; nucha short. Fore wing 2.10–2.22 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell with two or three hairs; basal vein pilose; speculum partly open; M 0.85–0.87 × as long as PM and 1.80–1.86 × as long as S; stigma moderate enlarged.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.03–1.20 × as long as broad, 0.82–0.88 × as long as mesosoma. Petiole strongly transverse. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma.

Male. Unknown.

Figures 64–72. 

Apsilocera marina sp. nov., female, holotype 64 habitus, lateral view 65 mesosoma, dorsal view 66 clypeus 67 head and pronotum, dorsal view 68 mandible 69 head, frontal view 70 antenna 71 fore wing 72 metasoma, dorsal view.

Etymology

The species is named in honor of the senior author’s sister, Marina (Tselikh) Kopylova.

Distribution

Korean Peninsula.

Comments

Apsilocera marina sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with a row of teeth originating near eye and ending near posterior ocellus. This species is very similar to A. tuberculata Mitroiu & Achterberg; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera totoroi Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/5E49E91F-0A53-4490-A810-EEECB758FA84
Figs 73–80

Type material

Holotype • female, Japan: “Honshu, Fukushima Pref., HinoemataVill., 16–18.VIII.1999, coll. S. Belokobylskij” (ZISP). Paratypes • 1 female (SMNS_Hym_T00799), “Sweden, Mörbylånga, Kalkstad NR (#136/2014), mixed deciduous forest, 31.VII–27.VIII.2014, Malaise trap, 56.609569N, 16.503726E, coll. M. Jaschhof, C. Jaschhof”, Sample ID: SMNS_47998 (SMNS) • 2 females (SMNS_Hym_T00800 & SMNS_Hym_T00801), “Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Lkr. Rems-Murr-Kreis, Aspach bei Backnang, Forest, 15.VII–8.VIII.2013, Malaise trap, 48.998972N, 9.419746E, leg. L. Krogmann, J. Holstein, T. Kothe”, Sample ID: SMNS_50181 & SMNS_50214 (SMNS).

Description

Female. Body length 1.50–1.99 mm; fore wing length 1.36–1.76 mm.

Coloration. Head black; antenna with scape, pedicel, and anelli yellowish brown, F1–F6 and clava brown. Mesosoma black, but propodeum dorsally dark blue with metallic diffuse luster. Fore coxae black or dark brown, mid and hind coxae yellowish brown; all femora and tibiae yellowish brown, all tarsi yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma dorsally dark brown, but Mt2 dorsally dark metallic blue-green; laterally and ventrally brown; ovipositor sheaths brown.

Sculpture. Head reticulate; clypeus radially striate. Mesosoma with propodeum reticulate. Metasoma weakly alutaceous and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.33–2.53 × as broad as long and 1.23–1.37 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.40–1.67 × as broad as high. Vertex with regular sculpture. POL 1.13–1.29 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.24–1.38 × eye length and 1.80–1.95 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 1.92–2.10 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 0.96–1.07 × as long as eye height and 1.30–1.38 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.50–1.67 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 0.91–1.10 × breadth of head; F1–F6 longer than broad, with a row of sensilla; clava 3.00–3.40 × as long as broad, with small micropilose area on each C3 and C4. Clypeal margin with two small teeth. Mandible formula 4:4.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.29–1.48 × as long as broad. Scutellum moderately depressed, 0.92 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.44–0.53 × as long as scutellum. Fore wing 1.96–2.12 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell bare; basal cell with 0–4 hairs; basal vein pilose; speculum partly closed below; M 0.96–1.00 × as long as PM and 2.27–2.33 × as long as S, stigma small.

Figures 73–80. 

Apsilocera totoroi sp. nov., female, holotype 73 habitus, lateral view 74 scutellum and propodeum, dorsal view 75 clypeus 76 head, dorsal view 77 antenna 78 head, frontal view 79 fore wing 80 metasoma, dorsal view.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.45–1.82 × as long as broad and 0.85–1.28 × as long as mesosoma. Petiole strongly transverse. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology

The species is named in honor of the “My Neighbor Totoro” character – “Totoro” of Hayao Miyazaki.

Distribution

Germany, Japan, Sweden.

Comments

Apsilocera totoroi sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with regular sculpture. This species is very similar to A. bramleyi and A. triapitzini sp. nov.; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera triapitzini Tselikh, Haas & Ku, sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/DB674A4F-0616-4300-A2D9-42BA3BF5547E
Figs 81–88, 98

Type material

Holotype • female, Republic of Korea: “Gyeongsangnam-do, Goseong-gun, Hail-myeon, Suyang-ri, 34°58'34.8"N, 128°12'08.3"E, 18.VI.2022, coll. E. Tselikh” (NIBR). Paratypes • 1 male, same labels as holotype (SMNE) • 1 female, “Gyeongsangnam-do, Geochang-gun, Mari-myeon, Yeongseung-ri, 35.714060N, 127.876007E, 06.VII.2023, coll. E. Tselikh” (ZISP) • 1 female, “Russia, Primirskii Reg., Lazovsky Reserve, Preobrazhenie Vill., 18–19.VIII.2010, coll. E. Tselikh” (ZISP) • 1 female (SMNS_Hym_T00798), “Sweden, Mörbylånga, Kalkstad (#114/2014), mixed deciduous forest, 27.VI–30.VII.2014, Malaise trap, 56.609569N, 16.503726E, coll. M. Jaschhof, C. Jaschhof”, Sample ID: 48265 (SMNS) • 1 female (NHRS-HEVA000022838), “Sweden Öl, Mörbylånga kommun, Västerstads almlunds naturreservat., Old elm forest (3002 Trap ID, 3053 Event ID), 10.VI-9.VII.2014, Malaise trap, 56.427648N, 16.421110E, leg. Swedish Malaise Trap Project”, Sample ID: SMNS_50682 (NRM).

Description

Female. Body length 1.20–1.61 mm; fore wing length 1.05–1.36 mm.

Coloration. Head black; antenna with scape yellowish brown; pedicel, anelli, F1–F6, and clava brown. Mesosoma black, but propodeum dorsally dark blue with metallic diffuse luster. Fore coxae metallic blue, mid coxae yellowish brown, hind coxae basally metallic blue, apically yellowish brown; all femora and tibiae yellowish brown, all tarsi yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma dorsally brown with metallic green diffuse coppery luster, laterally and ventrally yellowish brown; ovipositor sheaths brown.

Sculpture. Head grossly reticulate; clypeus radially striate, but near clypeal margin smooth. Mesosoma grossly reticulate; propodeum alutaceous. Metasoma weakly alutaceous and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.15–2.32 × as broad as long and 1.24–1.34 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.37–1.52 × as broad as high. POL 1.22–1.50 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.24–1.33 × eye length and 1.94–2.05 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 1.87–2.21 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 0.90–0.97 × as long as eye height and 1.12–1.28 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.33–1.45 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 0.99–1.15 × breadth of head; F1–F4 longer than broad, F5, F6 subsquare, with single row of sensilla; clava 2.70–3.23 × as long as broad, with small micropilose area on each C3 and C4. Clypeal margin produced and emarginate medially. Mandible formula 3:4.

Figures 81–88. 

Apsilocera triapitzini sp. nov., female, holotype 81 habitus, lateral view 82 mesosoma, dorsal view 83 antenna 84 clypeus 85 head, frontal view 86 head and pronotum, dorsal view 87 fore wing 88 metasoma, dorsal view.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.30–1.42 × as long as broad. Scutellum arched, 0.77 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.39–0.50 × as long as scutellum. Fore wing 2.02–2.09 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell bare; basal vein pilose; speculum partly closed below; M 0.93–1.13 × as long as PM and 2.20–2.38 × as long as S, stigma small.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.53–1.77 × as long as broad and 1.22–1.35 × as long as mesosoma. Petiole strongly transverse. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma.

Male. Body length 0.95 mm; fore wing length 0.90 mm. Eye height 2.46 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 3.16 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with pedicel 1.60 × as long as broad; clava 5.60 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.29 × breadth of head. Metasoma 2.30 × as long as broad and 0.97 × as long as mesosoma. Otherwise, similar to female.

Etymology

The species is named in honor of the prominent entomologist, an expert on Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera), Dr., Prof. Vladimir A. Trjapitzin.

Distribution

Russia, Republic of Korea, Sweden.

Comments

Apsilocera triapitzini sp. nov. belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with regular sculpture. This species is very similar to A. bramleyi; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Apsilocera verticillata Bouček, 1956

Figs 89–96, 97

Apsilocera verticillata Bouček, 1956: 319. Holotype male (NMPC, examined).

Type material

Holotype • male, Slovakia: “Slov. mer.: Gbelce 29.7.55 Bouček”, “Holotypus”, “Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 3086”, “Apsilocera verticillata ♂ Bčk. Det Z. Bouček, 1955” (RMNH).

Additional material examined

Japan • 1 female, 1 male, “Chiba Pref., Ichinomiya-Machi, 25.X.2002, coll. K. Kubo” (EIHU). Russia • 1 female, “Primorskii Reg., Spassk-Dal’niy Vill., 2–4.VII.2011, coll. S. Belokobylskij” (ZISP). Republic of Korea • 1 female, “Gyeongsangnam-do, Namhae-gun, Sangiu-myeon, Sangiu-ri, 13.VIII.2022, coll. D.S Ku, J.H. Lee, H.J. Jeong” (NIBR) • 1 female, “Gyeongsangnam-do, Geochang-gun, Namsang-myeon, Jeoncheok-ri, 35°37'15.3"N, 127°57'51.4"E, 22.VI. 2023, coll. S. Belokobylskij” (ZISP) • 5 females, “Gyeongsangbuk-do, JuWangSan-myeon, Cheongsong-gun, JuWangSan SW, 21.IV.2023, 3.V.2023, 31.V.2023, 18.VII.2023, coll. J.H. Lee (SMNE).

Description

Female. Body length 1.18–1.25 mm; fore wing length 0.98–1.05 mm.

Coloration. Head black; antenna with scape, pedicel, anelli, and F1–F6 yellowish brown, clava brow. Mesosoma black, but propodeum dorsally dark blue-green with metallic diffuse luster. All coxae yellowish brown; all femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Fore wing hyaline, venation yellowish brown. Metasoma dorsally brown, laterally and ventrally yellowish brown; ovipositor sheaths yellowish brown.

Sculpture. Head reticulate; clypeus radially striate. Mesosoma reticulate; propodeum smooth and shiny. Metasoma smooth and shiny, but Mt7 weakly alutaceous and shiny.

Head. Head in dorsal view 2.55–2.60 × as broad as long and 1.37–1.49 × as broad as mesoscutum; in frontal view 1.48–1.50 × as broad as high. Vertex with regular sculpture. POL 1.20–1.30 × as long as OOL. Eye height 1.34–1.36 × eye length and 2.10–2.36 × as long as malar space. Distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 1.98–2.00 × distance between antennal toruli and median ocellus. Antenna with scape 0.90–0.95 × as long as eye height and 1.29–1.32 × as long as eye length; pedicel 1.40–1.46 × as long as broad; combined length of pedicel and flagellum 0.90–0.92 × breadth of head; F1–F6 longer than broad with a row of sensilla; clava 2.89–3.30 × as long as broad, with small micropilose area on each C3 and C4. Clypeal with one small tooth. Mandible formula 3:4.

Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.30–1.32 × as long as broad. Scutellum moderately depressed, 0.70–0.73 × as long as broad, frenal area indistinct. Propodeum 0.51–0.54 × as long as scutellum. Fore wing 2.07–2.12 × as long as its maximum width; basal cell bare; basal vein pilose; speculum partly closed below; M 1.03–1.17 × as long as PM and 2.10–2.20 × as long as S, stigma small.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.41–1.43 × as long as broad and 1.00–1.04 × as long as mesosoma. Petiole strongly transverse. Ovipositor sheath projecting slightly beyond apex of metasoma.

Male. Body length 1.25–1.30 mm; fore wing length 1.10–1.15 mm. Head in dorsal view 2.30–2.35 × as broad as long. POL 1.40–1.55 × as long as OOL. Combined length of pedicel and flagellum 1.30–1.35 × breadth of head. Metasoma 1.65–1.73 × as long as broad. Otherwise, similar to female.

Distribution

Czech Republic, Japan, Moldova, Netherlands, Republic of Korea, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden.

Comments

Apsilocera verticillata Bouček belongs to a group of species that have a vertex with regular sculpture. This species is very similar to A. maculata Mitroiu & Achterberg; the differences between these species are given in the key.

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR202304203, NIBR202402202). And it was partially funded by Russian State Research (project No. 122031100272-3).

Author contributions

All authors have contributed equally.

Author ORCIDs

Ekaterina V. Tselikh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-043X

Jaehyeon Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-6029

Michael Haas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6698

Mircea-Dan Mitroiu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-7721

Deok-Seo Ku https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-6479

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

References

  • Bouček Z (1956) Chalcidologické poznamky III, Torymidae, Pteromalidae, Perilampidae a Eucharitidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 30(462): 305–330.
  • Bouček Z (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon/Cambrian News Ltd. , Aberystwyth, Wales, 832 pp.
  • Bouček Z, Rasplus J-Y (1991) Illustrated key to West-Palaearctic genera of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, 140 pp.
  • Burks R, Mitroiu M-D, Fusu L, Heraty JM, Janšta P, Heydon S, Dale-Skey Papilloud N, Peters RS, Tselikh EV, Woolley JB, Noort S, Baur H, Cruaud A, Darling Ch, Haas M, Hanson P, Krogmann L, Rasplus J-Y (2022) From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94: 13–88. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263
  • Ghahari H, Huang J (2012) A study of the Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Western and Northwestern Iran. Archives of Biological Sciences 64(1): 353–357. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1201353G
  • Gibson G (1997) Morphology and Terminology. In: Gibson GAP, Huber JT, Woolley JB (Eds) Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 16–44.
  • Graham MWR de V (1966) A new species of Apsilocera (Hym., Pteromalidae) from England, parasitizing a fungus gall-midge. Entomologist 99(1239): 301–304.
  • Graham MWR de V (1969) The Pteromalidae of North-Western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin of the British museum (Natural history) Entomology, Supplement 16: 1–908. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.258046
  • Mitroiu M-D, Achterberg C (2013) Revision of the Oriental species of Apsilocera Bouček (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), with description of twelve new species. Zootaxa 3717(4): 448–468. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.2
  • Xiao H, Huang DW (2001) Three new species of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) from Fujian Province, China. Entomologia Sinica 8(1): 8–12.
login to comment