Research Article |
Corresponding author: Liang Tang ( staphylinidae@shnu.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Adam Brunke
© 2024 Jia-Yi Huang, Jia-Wei Chen, Liang Tang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Huang J-Y, Chen J-W, Tang L (2024) The genus Platydracus Thomson in Hainan, South China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae). ZooKeys 1212: 129-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1212.128295
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A study on Platydracus species of Hainan Province, China is presented. Platydracus hainanensis sp. nov., Platydracus aureolus sp. nov. and Platydracus zhouchenglini sp. nov. are described as new species. Platydracus marmorellus Fauvel, 1895 and Platydracus subirideus Kraatz, 1859 are recorded from China for the first time. Habitus and diagnostic characters of all species are photographed, and a key to Platydracus species of Hainan is provided.
identification key, new record, new species, Platydracus, rove beetle, taxonomy
Platydracus Thomson, 1858 is the largest genus among the subtribe Staphylinina Latreille, 1802. Up to the present, around 300 species have been described in the genus and 32 of them are known from China. Hainan is a large island located in the South China with high insect diversity. Yet only one species, Platydracus juang Smetana, 2005, has been presently recorded in this area (
The specimens examined in this paper were collected by searching dead wood, sifting leaf litter and setting flight interception traps (FIT). For examination of the genitalia, the last three abdominal segments were detached from the body after softening in hot water. The aedeagus or tergite X, together with other dissected pieces, were mounted in Euparal (Chroma Gesellschaft Schmidt, Koengen, Germany) on plastic slides. Photos of sexual characters were taken with a Canon G9 camera attached to an Olympus SZX 16 stereomicroscope; habitus photos were taken with a Canon MP-E 65 mm macro lens attached to a Canon EOS7D camera and stacked with Zerene Stacker.
The specimens treated in this study are deposited in the
Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, P. R. China (SHNU),
Natural History Museum of Denmark at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark (
BL body length, measured from anterior margin of clypeus to posterior margin of abdominal tergite X
FL forebody length, measured from anterior margin of clypeus to apex of elytra (apicolateral angle)
HL length of head along midline
HW width of head including eyes
EYL length of eye
TL length of tempora
PL length of pronotum along the midline
PW width of pronotum at the widest point
EL length of elytra, measured from humeral angle
EW width of elytra at the widest point
Platydracus aureolus sp. nov.
Platydracus hainanensis sp. nov.
Platydracus juang Smetana, 2005
Platydracus marmorellus Fauvel, 1895
Platydracus subirideus Kraatz, 1859
Platydracus zhouchenglini sp. nov.
1 | Pronotum with complete impunctate midline; male abdominal sternite VII with a large median depression bearing numerous long golden setae | 2 |
– | Pronotum without complete impunctate midline; male abdominal sternite VII without large median depression bearing numerous long golden setae, at most bearing a small cluster of golden setae | 3 |
2 | Elytra with copper tint; head with punctation coarser and denser (Fig. |
P . hainanensis sp. nov. |
– | Elytra without copper tint; head with punctation finer and sparser (Fig. |
P. juang |
3 | Majority of head and pronotum covered with two types of setae: setae and appressed microsetae | 4 |
– | Majority of head and pronotum only covered with one type of setae | 5 |
4 | Head bicolorous; abdominal tergite VIII yellowish, distinctly lighter than previous tergites | P. marmorellus |
– | Head uniformly blackish; abdominal tergite VIII brownish, same color as previous tergites | P. subirideus |
5 | Larger species, BL = 21.9–25.2 mm; head and pronotum with distinct golden tint (Fig. |
P . aureolus sp. nov. |
– | Smaller species, BL = 9.5–16.8 mm; head and pronotum without metallic tint (Fig. |
P. zhouchenglini sp. nov. |
Staphylinus marmorellus Fauvel, 1895: 253.
Platydracus marmorellus;
China – Hainan Prov. • 1♀; Ledong County, Jianfengling N. R.; alt. 1000 m; 10–23 May 2011; BI Wen Juan leg.; SHNU • 2♀♀; Ledong County, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu; 18°44'N, 108°50'E; alt. 950 m; 30 Apr. 2012; Peng & Dai leg.; SHNU • 1♂1♀; Ledong County, Jianfengling N. R., Mingfenggu; 18°44'30″N, 108°50'29″E; rainforest, decaying log; alt. 995 m; 26 Jan. 2015; Peng, Yin, Tu, Song, Shen, Zhou & Wang leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Ledong County, Jianfengling N. R., District V; 18°43'57″N, 108°52'41″E; broad-leaved forest, decaying log; alt. 975 m; 24 Jan. 2015; Peng, Yin, Tu, Song, Shen, Zhou & Wang leg.; SHNU • 3♀♀; Qiongzhong County, Limu Mt., path to peak; 19°10'27″N, 109°45'29″E; mixed forest, decaying log; alt. 1000 m; 1 Feb. 2015; Peng, Tu, Song, Shen, Zhou & Yan leg; SHNU • 1♂1♀; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66″N, 109°53'19.32″E; alt. 950–1050 m; Aug. 2023; FIT; Zhao leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Ledong County, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu; 18°44'N, 108°50'E; alt. 950 m; 29 Apr. 2012; Peng & Dai leg.; SHNU.
Male : BL: 14.8–18.4 mm, FL: 8.78–9.22 mm. HL: 1.85–2.07 mm, HW: 2.59–2.82 mm, EYL: 0.82–0.89 mm, TL: 0.82–0.89 mm, PL: 2.90–3.21 mm, PW: 2.84–3.15 mm, EL: 3.21–3.89 mm, EW: 3.39–4.32 mm. HW/HL: 1.35–1.44, TL/EYL: 1.00, PL/PW: 1.02–1.13, EL/EW: 0.90–0.97. Female: BL: 12.2–14.9 mm, FL: 7.67–9.11 mm. HL: 1.70–2.07 mm, HW: 2.15–2.45 mm, EYL: 0.82 mm, TL: 0.67–0.82 mm, PL: 2.53–3.02 mm, PW: 2.47–2.96 mm, EL: 2.96–3.39 mm, EW: 3.09–3.64 mm. HW/HL: 1.18–1.32, TL/EYL: 0.82–1.00, PL/PW: 1.00–1.03, EL/EW: 0.93–0.98.
The species is widely distributed in South China, and its detailed distributional information will be listed in a forthcoming paper by Qing-Hao Zhao. In general appearance, the species is similar to P. plagiicollis (Fairmaire, 1891) which overlaps in distribution. Yet, P. marmorellus can be easily distinguished from the latter by bearing pale appressed microsetae on the forebody, which are absent in P. plagiicollis.
China (Hainan), Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia. New to China.
Platydracus juang
Smetana, 2005: 22;
China – Hainan Prov. •1♂; Jianfengling N. R., decaying log; 15 Nov. 2009; Wen Dong leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Diaoluoshan N. R.; alt. 1000 m; Dec. 2022; Zhou & Cai leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Ledong County, Jianfengling N. R., Mingfenggu, rainforest, decaying log; 18°44'30″N, 108°50'29″E; alt. 995 m; 26 Jan. 2015; Peng, Yin, Tu, Song, Shen, Zhou & Wang leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Lingshui County; Diaoluo Shan N. R.; alt. 900 m; 22 May 2014; Qiu-Jian Yue leg.; SHNU.
Male : BL: 13.4–19.3 mm, FL: 6.89–10.55 mm. HL: 1.60–2.65 mm, HW: 1.91–2.84 mm, EYL: 0.62–0.80 mm, TL: 0.74–1.23 mm, PL: 2.28–3.39 mm, PW: 2.10–3.15 mm, EL: 2.71–4.07 mm, EW: 2.59–3.95 mm. HW/HL: 1.07–1.19, TL/EYL: 1.20–1.54, PL/PW: 1.08–1.15, EL/EW: 1.03–1.07. Female: BL: 12.3–20.0 mm, FL: 7.00–9.67 mm. HL: 1.60–2.16 mm, HW: 1.97–2.59 mm, EYL: 0.56–0.74 mm, TL: 0.74–1.05 mm, PL: 2.34–3.15 mm, PW: 2.10–2.78 mm, EL: 2.71–3.70 mm, EW: 2.53–3.58 mm. HW/HL: 1.17–1.23, TL/EYL: 1.33–1.42, PL/PW: 1.11–1.13, EL/EW: 1.03–1.07.
The species is similar to P. brachycerus Smetana & Davies, 2000, in most aspects, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the more rounded temples, longer pronotum, and sparser punctation of the head.
China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang).
Holotype. China – Hainan Prov. • ♂; glued on a card with two labels as follows: “China: Hainan, Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R., forest nr., residence; 18°44'N, 109°52'E; rainforest, decaying log; alt. 1100 m; 4 Feb. 2015; Peng, Yin, Tu, Song, Shen, Zhou, Yan & Wang leg.” “Holotype / Platydracus hainanensis/ Huang, Chen & Tang” [red handwritten label]; SHNU. Paratypes. China – Hainan Prov. • 2♂♂; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R., forest nr., residence; 18°44'N, 109°52'E; rainforest, decaying log; alt. 1100 m; 4 Feb. 2015; Peng, Yin, Tu, Song, Shen, Zhou, Yan & Wang leg.; SHNU.
The new species belongs to the Platydracus brachycerus group, and it is similar to P. smetanai Zhou, Zhao & Tang, 2024 by sharing dense punctation of the head and short protarsomere 5. Yet, it can be distinguished from the latter by the distinctly larger body size (11.6–13.7 mm in P. smetanai) and a different aedeagus.
Measurements of male: BL: 15.3–17.8 mm, FL: 8.00–8.11 mm. HL: 1.67–1.85 mm, HW: 2.28–2.41 mm, EYL: 0.68 mm, TL: 0.80–0.86 mm, PL: 2.47–2.65 mm, PW: 2.41–2.59 mm, EL: 3.15–3.27 mm, EW: 3.21–3.33 mm. HW/HL: 1.30–1.37, TL/EYL: 1.18–1.27, PL/PW: 1.00–1.03, EL/EW: 0.98–1.02.
Body black, elytra with distinct copper tint, abdominal segments partially brownish, maxillary palpi, labial palpi and tarsomeres brownish with apical margin of each segment lighter, antennae dark brown with antennomeres gradually lighter apicad.
Head 1.30–1.37 times as wide as long; eyes moderately large, tempora 1.18–1.27 times as long as eye; surface with punctation dense and coarse; anterior portion of frons impunctate; pubescence most brownish except that behind anterior margin and eyes silver; antennomeres 1–3 distinctly longer than wide, antennomere 4 as long as wide, antennomeres 5–10 distinctly transverse, gradually incrassate, segments 4 to 11 covered with dense pubescence; maxillary palpi stout with last segment narrowly subtruncate apically; mandibles robust, inner edge of left mandible with two teeth on upper plane and mid tooth on lower plane, inner edge of right mandible with blunt anterior tooth and sharp posterior tooth on upper plane and mid tooth on lower plane.
Pronotum 1.00–1.03 times as long as wide; disc with narrow impunctate midline, punctation distinctly sparser than that of head, pubescence brownish; scutellum with dense rugulose punctation and dark pubescence.
Elytra 0.98–1.02 times as long as wide, punctation dense and coarse, pubescence behind humeri, along suture and posterior elytral margin silver, pubescence of the rest parts brownish.
Anterior legs with tibiae and tarsomeres distinctly stouter than those of the related species, tarsomere 5 rather short.
Abdominal tergites III–VI with basal transverse depression, with punctures coarser at base, gradually become finer apicad; pubescence brownish except for that of lateral portion of tergite III which is silver.
Male. Abdominal sternite VII with large median depression bearing numerous long dark brown setae; sternite VIII with posterior margin shallowly emarginate in the middle; aedeagus (Figs
The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the new species.
China (Hainan).
Holotype. China – Hainan Prov. • ♂; glued on a card with two labels as follows: “China: Hainan, Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66″N, 109°53'19.32″E; alt. 950 m –1050 m; Aug. 2023; FIT; Zhao leg.” “Holotype / Platydracus aureolus / Huang, Chen & Tang” [red handwritten label]; SHNU. Paratypes. China – Hainan Prov. • 1♂; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66″N, 109°53'19.32″E; alt. 950 m–1050 m; Aug. 2023; FIT; Zhao leg.; SHNU • 7♂♂2♀♀; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66″N, 109°53'19.32″E, alt. 700 m; 9–16 Nov. 2022; FIT, Cai & Zhou leg; SHNU • 15♂♂6♀♀; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66″N, 109°53'19.32″E; alt. 950–1050 m; Aug. 2023; FIT; Zhao leg.; SHNU,
The new species can be easily recognized from other Chinese species by larger body size and distinct coloration.
Measurements of male: BL: 21.9–25.2 mm, FL: 9.33–10.78 mm. HL: 2.34–2.78 mm, HW: 3.09–3.58 mm, EYL: 1.18–1.32 mm, TL: 0.88–1.03 mm, PL: 3.52–4.20 mm, PW: 3.70–4.20 mm, EL: 4.07–5.12 mm, EW: 4.81–5.68 mm. HW/HL: 1.29–1.32, TL/EYL: 0.75–0.78, PL/PW: 0.95–1.00, EL/EW: 0.85–0.90.
Body mostly black, except head and pronotum with strong golden tint on dorsal side, elytra light reddish-brown with several small dark marks, maxillary palpi, labial palpi and mandibles partially reddish-brown, legs reddish-brown, except for the trochanters, basal profemora and basal mesofemora blackish, tibial spurs dark brown, tarsomeres especially terminal segment more or less dark.
Head 1.29–1.32 times as wide as long, eyes large, tempora 0.75–0.78 times as long as eye; surface with punctation dense and umbilicate; pubescence mostly golden; antennomeres 1–3 distinctly longer than wide, antennomere 4 as long as wide, antennomeres 5–10 distinctly transverse, gradually incrassate, segments 4 to 11 covered with dense pubescence; maxillary palpi slender; mandibles relatively slender, inner edge of left mandible with two small teeth and two teeth on lower plane, inner edge of right mandible with small tooth on upper plane and small tooth on lower plane.
Pronotum 0.95–1.00 times as long as wide; punctation similar to that of head, pubescence golden, relatively longer and more distinct than that of head; disc with small middle specular patch near posterior margin; scutellum with dense rugulose punctation and black pubescence.
Elytra 0.85–0.90 times as long as wide, punctation fine and dense, pubescence mostly golden. Mesoventrite and metaventrite covered with golden pubescence laterally.
Abdomen with tergites densely punctate; tergites III–V each with a pair of large dark tomentose spots, the rest portions covered with golden pubescence, tergite VI and VII each with a pair of small dark tomentose spots near posterior margin which can be indistinct in some specimens, the rest portions covered with golden pubescence though that of basolateral portions more or less dark, tergite VIII covered with golden pubescence on basal two-thirds, and tergite VII with apical palisade fringe.
Male. Abdominal sternite VIII with posterior margin emarginate in the middle; aedeagus (Figs
The specific epithet refers to the coloration of the new species.
China (Hainan).
Holotype. China – Hainan Prov. • ♂; glued on a card with two labels as follows: “China: Hainan, Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66″N, 109°53'19.32″E; alt. 700 m; 9–16 Nov. 2022; rotten meal trap; Cai & Zhou leg.” “Holotype / Platydracus zhouchenglini / Huang, Chen & Tang” [red handwritten label]; SHNU. Paratypes. China – Hainan Prov. • 2♂♂1♀; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66"N, 109°53'19.32"E; alt. 950–1050 m; Aug. 2023; FIT; Zhao leg.; SHNU • 2♂♂; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66"N, 109°53'19.32"E; alt. 700 m; 9–16 Nov. 2022; rotten meat trap; Cai & Zhou leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R., Houshan; 18°43'46.81"N, 109°51'38.52"E; alt. 900–1250 m; 13–14 Nov. 2022; Cai & Zhou leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R., Houshan; 18°43'46.81"N, 109°51'38.52"E; alt. 900–1250 m; 11–12 Nov. 2022; Cai & Zhou leg.; SHNU • 3♂♂7♀♀; Ledong County, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu; 18°44'N, 108°50'E; alt. 950 m; 30 Apr. 2012; Peng & Dai leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Wuzhishan Mt., Guanshandian; 18°53'N, 109°41'E; alt. 650 m; 20 Apr. 2012; Yin Ziwei leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan Mt., Winding Road; 18°42'N, 109°52'E; alt. 600–1000 m; 26 Apr. 2012; Peng & Dai leg.; SHNU • 1♂; Wuzhishan Mt., Guanshandian; 18°53'N, 109°41'E; alt. 700 m; 21 Apr. 2012; Peng & Dai leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Ledong County, Jianfengling N. R., Mingfengfu; 18°44'30"N, 108°50'29"E; rainforest, decaying log; alt. 995 m; 28 Jan. 2015; Peng, Yin, Tu, Song, Shen, Zhou & Wang leg.; SHNU • 1♀; Changjiang County, Bawangling N. R.; 11 Apr. 2010; alt. 1000 m; YIN Z. W. leg.; SHNU • 5♂♂6♀♀; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66"N, 109°53'19.32"E, alt. 700 m; 9–16 Nov. 2022; FIT, Cai & Zhou leg; SHNU • 65♂♂36♀♀; Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan N. R.; 18°42'2.66"N, 109°53'19.32"E; alt. 950–1050 m; Aug. 2023; FIT; Zhao leg; SHNU,
The new species can be easily recognized from other Chinese species by abdominal tergites III–VII with median golden tomentose patches that are continuous along the midline (Fig.
Measurements of male: BL: 9.6–16.8 mm, FL: 6.67–9.22 mm. HL: 1.42–1.85 mm, HW: 1.91–2.53 mm, EYL: 0.74–0.93 mm, TL: 0.37–0.74 mm, PL: 2.41–3.27 mm, PW: 2.34–3.02 mm, EL: 2.84–3.70 mm, EW: 2.84–3.76 mm. HW/HL: 1.24–1.39, TL/EYL: 0.40–0.80, PL/PW: 1.03–1.08, EL/EW: 0.94–1.02.
Measurements of female: BL: 11.7–16.7 mm, FL: 6.78–9.00 mm. HL: 1.48–1.79 mm, HW: 1.91–2.41 mm, EYL: 0.93 mm, TL: 0.37–0.62 mm, PL: 2.41–3.15 mm, PW: 2.28–2.96 mm, EL: 2.78–3.52 mm, EW: 2.90–3.64 mm. HW/HL: 1.29–1.40, TL/EYL: 0.40–0.67, PL/PW: 0.95–1.06, EL/EW: 0.94–0.97.
Body dark brown, pronotum reddish-brown along the margins, elytra reddish-brown with dark marks, maxillary palpi, labial palpi and mandibles reddish-brown, legs reddish-yellow, except for the trochanters and base of femora blackish, tibial spurs dark brown, tarsomeres more or less dark.
Head 1.24–1.40 times as wide as long, eyes large, tempora 0.40–0.80 times as long as eye; surface with punctation dense and umbilicate; pubescence mostly brownish; antennomeres 1–3 distinctly longer than wide, antennomere 4 slightly shorter than wide, antennomeres 5–10 distinctly transverse, gradually incrassate, segments 4 to 11 covered with dense pubescence; maxillary palpi slender; mandibles relatively slender, inner edge of left mandible with two acute teeth and two teeth on lower plane, inner edge of right mandible with round tooth and acute tooth on upper plane and acute tooth on lower plane.
Pronotum 1.03–1.08 times as long as wide; punctation and pubescence similar to that of head; disc with narrow impunctate midline in posterior one-fifth; scutellum with dense rugulose punctation and black pubescence.
Elytra 0.94–1.02 times as long as wide, punctation fine and dense, pubescence comprised of two types of setae, long setae mostly brownish, short setae mostly whitish.
Abdomen with tergites densely punctate; tergites III–VII each with median golden tomentose patch and a pair of large dark tomentose spots, the lateral portions covered with long brown setae and short white setae, tergite VIII covered with golden pubescence which is distinctly sparse in apical third, tergite VII with apical palisade fringe.
Male. Abdominal sternite VIII with posterior margin emarginate in the middle; aedeagus (Figs
This species is named in honor of Mr Cheng-Lin Zhou who collected many Platydracus specimens.
China (Hainan).
Staphylinus subirideus
Kraatz, 1859: 78;
Platydracus subirideus;
China – Hainan Prov. • 1♂; Lingshui County, Mt. Diaoluoshan Reservoir; 18°43'N, 109°53'E; alt. 950–1000 m; 25 Apr. 2012; PAN Y. H. & LI W. R. leg.; SHNU.
Male: BL: 12.3 mm, FL: 6.66 mm. HL: 1.74 mm, HW: 2.19 mm, EYL: 0.86 mm, TL: 0.56 mm, PL: 2.37 mm, PW: 2.36 mm, EL: 2.58 mm, EW: 2.88 mm. HW/HL: 1.26, TL/EYL: 0.65, PL/PW: 1.00, EL/EW: 0.90.
The species is similar to P. maculipennis (Kraatz, 1859) in most aspects, but it can be recognized from the latter by the posterolateral pale portion of elytra small and indistinctly yellowish (large and distinctly yellowish in P. maculipennis), abdomen with whitish setae (yellowish in P. maculipennis) and legs blackish (yellowish in P. maculipennis).
China (Hainan). Described from ‘East Indies’. New to China.
We express our sincere gratitude to Mr Qing-Hao Zhao and Dr Alexey Solodovnikov for their help in many ways, especially in sharing information about many type specimens, and to all the collectors mentioned in the paper.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
No funding was reported.
All authors have contributed equally.
Jia-Yi Huang https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4612-5313
Jia-Wei Chen https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4757-9406
Liang Tang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6731-4544
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.