Holotype : China • 1♂; Qinghai, Gande; 33.96°N, 99.93°E; 22.VIII.2008; coll. Xinjiang Li, Jiantao Xiao, Yongchao Zhi; catalogue number 080822015.

Paratypes : China 8♂ 11♀, same data as the holotype; catalogue numbers 080822016–080822035.

The species is named after Gande, the type locality.

The new species resembles K. wardi in having a small and obtuse furcula in the male epiproct and long cerci that nearly reach the tip of the epiproct, but it can be distinguished by the characters presented in Table 1.

Male: body medium-sized (Fig. 1A, B). Head shorter than pronotum, and frons slightly oblique in profile. Frontal costa distinct and concave on the level of median ocellus (Fig. 1C). Vertical diameter of eyes 1.1 times that of transverse and subocular furrows. Antennae filiform, with 24 segments, slightly longer than head and pronotum combined; length of a middle segment (12th segment) 2.0 times its width. Pronotum rough, nearly straight on anterior margin, and slightly depressed on median posterior margin. Median carina distinct, slightly cut by last transverse sulci; lateral carinae conspicuous, gradually expanding outward; prozona 2.0 times that of metazona in length. Prosternal process conical, bluntly round at apex. Width of metasternal lobes 1.5 times the length; minimum width of mesosternal interspace 1.6 times the length. Metasternal lobes separated and distinct (Fig. 1D). Tegmina and wings absent. Upper carina of hind femur smooth. Hind femur 4.0 times longer than wide. Outer side of upper basal lobe of hind femur distinctly longer than the lower one. Hind tibia with nine spines on inner and eight on outer side; external apical spine absent. Arolium between claws large, widely rounded, nearly reaching the apex of claws. Posterior margin of 10th abdominal tergite with distinct furcula (Fig. 1E). Tympanal organ absent. Epiproct with denticles on the middle of both sides, with a longitudinal groove in basal 1/2 and in apical 1/4, apically sharp-cornered. Cerci long, conical, and nearly reaching tip of epiproct. Subgenital plate long, sharp-cornered, and protruding backwards. In phallic complex, apical valves of penis slightly longer than cingulum valves; apodemes longer than basal valves of penis, with slightly enlarged and flaky ends; lateral view of basal valves of penis reveals a reniform shape (Fig. 4A–C). Bridge of the epiproct straight, wide, and short; ancorae angular, curving inward, with non-sharp tips; anterior projections semicircular, lateral plates straight, and posterior projections conical; lophi large and flaky, extending towards the medial and lower sides, protruding noticeably in the overall plane, with evident tumor protrusions along edge (Fig. 4D–F). Female: body robust, larger than male (Fig. 1G, H). Eyes small, with vertical diameter equal to transverse diameter, and 0.8 times longer than subocular furrows. Pronotum wider, trapezoidal, last transverse sulci not cutting median carina. Minimum mesosternal interspace width 2.8 times length. Ovipositor margin smooth, with a hook-like apex (Fig. 1I). Other characteristics resemble the male.

Figure 1. 

Kingdonella gandensis sp. nov. male A lateral view of holotype B dorsal view of holotype C head of holotype D sternal plate of male holotype, ventral view E terminal of abdomen, dorsal view F Hind femur, ventral view G dorsal view of female paratype H lateral view of paratype I ovipositor, lateral view.

Body reddish-brown. Eyes yellowish-brown. Antennae light red. Apex and lateral margins of fastigium red. Pronotum lateral carinae red. Upper side of femur reddish-brown. Inner side of hind femur red at the base and the remaining black. Outer side of hind femur reddish-brown (yellow in females) on basal 1/4 and black on apical 3/4; Ventral face of hind femur red on basal 1/2 and black on apical 1/2 (Fig. 1F). Upper lateral genicular lobe black, other brown. Lower lateral genicular lobe red. Hind tibia black and tarsus brown. Denticles of male epiproct black.

Shown in Table 2.

Gande, Qinghai Province, China.

Holotype : China • 1♂; Xizang, Biru; 93.91°N, 31.27°E, 8.VIII.2009, coll. Daochuan Zhang and Yulong Zhang; Catalogue number: #090808001.

Paratypes : China 8♂ 8♀, same data as the holotype; Catalogue number: #090808002— #090808017.

The species is named after Biru, the type locality.

The new species Kingdonella biruensis sp. nov. resembles K. pienbaensis in having the male epiproct with large denticles, but it can be distinguished by the characters presented in Table 3.

Male: body medium-sized (Fig. 2A, B), head shorter than pronotum, and frons slightly oblique in profile. Frontal costa distinct and concave on the level of median ocellus (Fig. 2D). Vertical diameter of eyes 1.1 times that of transverse and equal to subocular furrows. Antennae filiform, with 23 segments, slightly longer than the head and pronotum combined; length of middle segment (12th segment) 1.2 times its width (Fig. 2C). Pronotum rough, nearly straight on anterior margin and slightly depressed on median posterior margin. Median carina distinct, slightly cut by 1st and 3rd transverse sulci; lateral carinae strongly distinct, lateral carinae parallel before 1st transverse sulci and later gradually expanding outward; prozona 2.1 times of metazona in length. Prosternal process conical and slightly sharp at apex. Mesosternal interspace at least 1.7 times wider than long (Fig. 2E). Metasternal lobes separated and distinct. Tegmina and wings absent. Upper carina of hind femur smooth. Hind femur 3.8 times longer than wide. Outer side of upper basal lobe of hind femur distinctly longer than lower one. Hind tibia with nine spines on inner and eight spines on outer side; external apical spine absent. Arolium between claws large, wide, round, reaching apex of claws. Posterior margin of 10th abdominal tergite without distinct furcula (Fig. 2E). Tympanal organ absent. Epiproct nearly triangular, longer than wide, bending inward at proximal part to form an obtuse angle terminally; epiproct with large denticles on the middle of both sides, denticles base wider than half of the distance between two denticles base, bluntly rounded at apex; epiproct with longitudinal groove basally, disappearing in the middle. Cerci process conical, sharp at apex, and not reaching tip of epiproct. Subgenital plate long, sharp-cornered, and bluntly rounded at apex (Fig. 2E). In phallic complex, length of apical valves of penis slightly exceeds that of cingulum valves; apodemes longer than basal valves of penis, terminating in sword-like ends. Llateral view of basal valves of penis reveals a reniform shape and distal apodemes (Fig. 4G–I). Bridge of epiproct straight, thin, and elongated; ancorae angular, extending forward, with non-sharp tips; anterior projections extending forward but not surpassing ancorae length; lateral plates straight and posterior projections extending outward. Lophi large and flaky, extending towards medial sides, protruding noticeably in overall plane. In dorsal view, they appear trapezoidal, with evident tumor protrusions along the edge (Fig. 4J–L). Female: body robust, larger than male in size (Fig. 2G, H). Vertical diameter of eyes 1.1 times that of the transverse diameter and 0.9 times that of subocular furrows. Mesosternal interspace at least 2.8 times wider than long (Fig. 2I). Ovipositor margin smooth, with a hook-like apex (Fig. 2J). Other characteristics resemble those of the male.

Figure 2. 

Kingdonella baigasis sp. nov. A dorsal view of male holotype B lateral view of male holotype C antennae, dorsal view D head of holotype E sternal plate of male holotype, ventral view F terminal of abdomen, dorsal view G lateral view of female paratype H dorsal view of female paratype I sternal plate of female paratype, ventral view J ovipositor of paratype, lateral view K hind femur of female paratype, ventral view.

Body yellow or reddish-brown. Upper part of pronotum lobes darker in color than lower part. Two black spots on each of inner and outer sides of hind femur. Ventral face of hind femur black on outer side, red on basal 2/3 of inner and black on apical 1/3 of inner sides (Fig. 2K). Upper lateral genicular lobe black. Lower lateral genicular lobe dark yellow. Hind tibia purple above and dark brown below, with a lighter spot near the base of hind tibia. All tarsi yellowish, and sometimes 1st tarsomere purple.

Shown in Table 4.

China • 4♂; Qinghai, Zhiduo; 33.76°N, 95.12°E, 19.VIII.2008; coll. Xinjiang Li, Jiantao Xiao, Yongchao Zhi; Catalogue number: #080819173 — #080819177. (first report of male)

The male Kingdonella qinghaiensis resembles K. parvula Yin, 1984. The main differences are listed in Table 5.

Male: body small size (Fig. 3A, B). Head shorter than pronotum, with frons slightly oblique in profile. Frontal costa slightly shrunken in front of median ocellus. Eyes nearly elliptical, vertical diameter 1.2 times that of transverse diameter and subocular furrow length. Antennae filiform, 22–23 segments, longer than head and pronotum combined, length of a middle segment (12th segment) 1.5 times its width. Pronotum rough, slightly depressed medially on the anterior and posterior margins. Median carina distinct, lateral carinae nearly absent in metazona, lateral carinae cut by all transverse sulci and median carina cut by last transverse sulci; prozona 2.1 times longer than metazona. Prosternal process conical and blunt at apex. Width of mesothernal lobes 2.0 times the length (Fig. 3C). Width of mesothernal interspace 2.0 times length. Tegmina and wings absent. Upper median carina of hind femur smooth. Hind tibia with nine spines on inner and eight spines on outer sides; external apical spine absent. Arolium between claws large, nearly reaching apex. Posterior margin of 10th abdominal tergite with distinct furcula (Fig. 3D). Tympanal organ absent. Epiproct of male with larger denticles on middle of both sides; basally, denticles width nearly equal to half of length between denticles base, bluntly rounded at apex. Subgenital plate long and slightly sharp at apex (Fig. 3D). In phallic complex, length of the apical valves of penis slightly exceeds that of cingulum valves; apodemes longer than basal valves of penis, terminating in sword-like ends. The lateral view of the basal valves of the penis reveals a reniform shape and distal apodemes (Fig. 4M–O). Bridge of epiproct straight, wide, and short; ancorae angular, curving inward, with sharp tips; anterior projections not extending beyond length of ancorae; lateral plates incline outwards, and posterior projections extending outward. Lophi large and flaky, extending towards medial sides, protruding noticeably in overall plane. In dorsal view, inner length of the lophi longer than outer length, with evident tumor protrusions along edge (Fig. 4P–R).

Figure 3. 

Kingdonella qinghaiensis Zheng, 1990, male A dorsal view B lateral view C sternal plate, ventral view D terminal of abdomen, dorsal view E hind tibia, dorsal view.

Figure 4. 

Kingdonella gandensis sp. nov. male A–C dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of phallic complex D–F dorsal, ventral, and axial views of epiphallus. Kingdonella baigasis sp. nov. male G–I dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of phallic complex J–L dorsal, ventral, and axial views of epiphallus. Kingdonella qinghaiensis male M–O dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of phallic complex P–R dorsal, ventral, and axial views of epiphallus.

Body reddish-brown. Area behind the eyes with a black band. Antennae brown, apex black. Lateral lobes of pronotum with a black spot in center; remaining brown. Outer side of hind femur with a long dark spot, inner side base red, remaining black. Median and apical 3/4 of hind femur dorsal face with dark spot; ventral face of hind femur red on inner and black on outer side. Hind tibia purple above and dark brown below (Fig. 3E). All tarsi yellow.

Shown in Table 6.

Zhiduo, Qinghai Province, China.