Camptoscaphiella fulva Caporiacco, 1934, by monotypy.

Males of this genus are similar to those of Opopaea Simon, 1892 in the extremely large, club-shaped palpal patella, but can be distinguished by the spination of the legs I–II (tibia I and II with four pairs of long spines, and metatarsus I and II with two pairs of long spines) vs. without spination; the cymbium not fused with the bulb vs. fused; and the reduced abdominal scuta vs. complete scuta. Females of this genus are similar to those of Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893, but can be separated by lacking the distinct, darkly sclerotized, strongly winding duct of endogyne and the uniquely shaped atrium.

China (Xizang, Yunnan), South Asia (Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka), Southeast Asia (Thailand) and New Caledonia.

Holotype China • ♂ (SYNU-1134); Xizang, Nyingchi, nr. Metok Co.; 29°19.382'N, 95°19.016'E, 980 m; 2.VIII.2013; Y. Lin leg.

Paratype : China • ♂ (SYNU-1135); same data as for holotype, Motuo Petrol Station; 22.IX.2013; Z. Gao leg.

This new species is similar to C. linyejiei Tong & Li, 2021, but can be distinguished by their normal-sized eyes (Fig. 1B, G) vs. reduced (Huang et al. 2021: fig. 4B, G); and the thread-like structure (tls) on the tip of the psemblous (Fig. 2G, H), vs. lacking; and having a plate-like process (Huang et al. 2021: fig. 5G, H).

Figure 1. 

Camptoscaphiella metok sp. nov., male holotype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views, arrow shows the pointed anterolateral bumps. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–G).

Figure 2. 

Camptoscaphiella metok sp. nov., male left palp A, I prolateral view B, E bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views C, K dorsal view D, J retrolateral view F, G, H distal part of bulb, dorsal, prolateral and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: np = narrow process; rlf = retrolateral fold; tls = thread-like structure; vo = ventral outgrowth; wlo = wing-like outgrowth. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–E, I–K); 0.05 mm (F–H).

Male (holotype). Body: uniformly colored, yellow; habitus as in Fig. 1A, C, E; length 1.29. Carapace (Fig. 1B, F): 0.66 long, 0.54 wide; pars thoracica strongly elevated in lateral view, entire surface finely reticulated. Eyes (Fig. 1B, G): ALE: 0.05; PME: 0.04; PLE: 0.04; ALE circular, PME oval, PLE oval; posterior eye row procurved from both above and front; ALE separated by less than one radius. Clypeus (Fig. 1F, G): margin unmodified, straight in front view, sloping forward in lateral view. Mouthparts (Fig. 1D, G): chelicerae unmodified; anterior-median part of endites strongly sclerotized. Sternum (Fig. 1D): as long as wide, with pointed anterolateral bumps. Abdomen (Fig. 1A, C, E): 0.63 long, 0.34 wide; oval, scuta pale orange; dorsal scutum covering about 5/6 of abdomen length, about 3/4 of abdomen width, fused to epigastric scutum; postgastric scutum covering about 3/4 of abdominal venter. Palp (Fig. 2A–K): reddish brown; patella extremely long club-shaped, length/width = 3.04, about 5.6 times longer than femur, and 2.5 times longer than bulb; cymbium narrow (length/width = 1.68) in dorsal view; distal part of bulb with narrow process (np), broad ventral outgrowth (vo), a narrow wing-like outgrowth (wlo), a small retrolateral fold (rlf) and cluster of thread-like structure (tls).

Female. Unknown.

Seven species [C. glenniei (Fage, 1946) from India, C. martensi Baehr, 2010, C. panchthar Baehr, 2010, C. silens Brignoli, 1976, C. strepens Brignoli, 1976 and C. taplejung Baehr, 2010 from Nepal and C. gunsa Baehr, 2010 from India and Nepal] in adjacent areas are known only from females and this new species can be potentially conspecific with one of them.

The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype China • ♂ (SYNU-1143); Xizang, Shannan City, Cona Co., Lemenba Ethnic Township, 17–20 km section from Lewang Bridge to Liulian Hwy; 27°47.700'N, 91°46.417'E, 3706 m; 5.VI.2016; J. Wu leg.

Paratypes : China • ♀ (SYNU-1144); same data as for holotype • 6♀ (SYNU-1123–1128); same data as for holotype.

The new species is similar to C. tuberans Tong & Li, 2007 and can be distinguished by the single strong bristle behind cheliceral paturons (Fig. 3D–H), vs. bristle absent (Tong and Li 2007: fig. 23); the strongly sclerotized median process (mpr) and a broad ventral outgrowth (vo) of the psembolus (Fig. 4D, H, K) vs. lacking the median process and having instead a very narrow, bifurcated ventral outgrowth (Tong and Li 2007: figs 25–27); and narrow forcipate median plate (mp) of endogyne (Fig. 5F, H) vs. circular median plate (Tong and Li 2007: fig. 22).

Figure 3. 

Camptoscaphiella shannan sp. nov., male holotype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, H prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views, arrow shows the pointed anterolateral bumps G labium and endites, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–G).

Figure 4. 

Camptoscaphiella shannan sp. nov., male left palp A, K prolateral view B, E bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views C, L retrolateral view D, G, H distal part of bulb, prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral views F, J dorsal view I same as G showing the details (arrow). Abbreviations: mpr = median process; pro = prolateral outgrowth; rlf = retrolateral fold; vo = ventral outgrowth. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–C, E, F, J–L); 0.05 mm (D, G, H); 0.01 mm (I).

Figure 5. 

Camptoscaphiella shannan sp. nov., female paratype (SYNU-1144) A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, G prosoma, dorsal, ventral and anterior views F epigastric region, ventral view H, I endogyne, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: ap = apodemes; as = anterior sclerite; cd = copulatory duct; mp = median plate. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–E, G); 0.2 mm (F, H, I).

Male (holotype). Body: uniformly colored, yellow; habitus as in Fig. 3A, C, E; length 1.83. Carapace (Fig. 3B, F): 0.81 long, 0.72 wide; pars thoracica slightly elevated in lateral view, entire surface finely reticulated. Eyes (Fig. 3B, H): ALE: 0.08; PME: 0.06; PLE: 0.06; ALE circular, PME oval, PLE oval; posterior eye row straight from above, procurved from front; ALE separated by less than one radius. Clypeus (Fig. 3F, H): margin unmodified, straight in front view, sloping forward in lateral view. Mouthparts (Fig. 3G, H): with single strong bristle behind paturons; anterior-median part of the endites strongly sclerotized. Sternum (Fig. 3D): as long as wide, with pointed anterolateral bumps. Abdomen (Fig. 3A, C, E): 1.02 long, 0.73 wide; oval, scuta pale orange; dorsal scutum covering about 2/3 of abdomen, 1/2 of abdomen width, fused to epigastric scutum; postgastric scutum small. Palp (Fig. 4A–L): reddish brown; patella extremely long club-shaped, length/width = 3.30, about 5.8 times longer than femur, and 3.2 times longer than bulb, cymbium narrow (length/width = 1.90) in dorsal view; psembolus with prolateral and ventral outgrowths (pro and vo respectively), strongly sclerotized median process (mpr) and small retrolateral fold (rlf).

Female (SYNU-1144). As in male except for the following. Body: habitus as in Fig. 5A, C, E; length 1.98. Carapace: 0.86 long, 0.73 wide. Eyes: ALE 0.07; PME 0.05; PLE 0.07. Abdomen: 1.12 long, 0.80 wide. Postgaster (Fig. 5F, H): with stick-like anterior sclerite (as) and forcipate median plate (mp). Endogyne (Fig. 5I): copulatory duct (cd) long, narrow, straight with tip well beyond postgastric scutum; apodemes (ap) short.

The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype China • ♂ (SYNU-1145); Xizang, Rikaze City, Jilong Co., Zalong Vill.; 28°22.865'N, 85°21.158'E, 2715 m; 31.VII.2014; Y. Li leg.

Paratypes : China • 1 ♀ (SYNU-1100); Rikaze City, Dingjie Co., Chentang Town; 27°54.875'N, 87°28.869'E, 3267 m; 3.VIII.2014; Y. Li leg. • 1 ♂ (SYNU-1099); Rikaze City, Dingri Co., Rongxia Town; 28°03.450'N, 86°21.148'E, 3383 m; 27.VII.2014; Y. Li leg. • 2 ♂ (SYNU-1054–1055); Nyingchi, Bayi Distr., Bayi Town, Biri Mt; 28°51.334'N, 94°47.941'E, 2900 m; 11.VII.2013; Y. Lin leg. • 11♀ (SYNU-1057–1067); same data as above • 4♀ (SYNU-1146–1149); same data as above • 2 ♂ 4 ♀ (SYNU-1113–1118); Nyingchi, Bayi Distr., Lulang Town; 29°41.449'N, 94°43.605'E, 3530 m; 14.VII.2013; Y. Lin leg. • 9 ♂ 2 ♀ (SYNU-1101–1112); Nyingchi, Bayi Distr., Lulang Town; 29°21.449'N, 94°43.605'E, 3530 m; 14.VII.2013; Q. Cao leg. • 5 ♂ 1 ♀ (SYNU-1068–1073); Nyingchi, Mainling Co.; 29°13.310'N, 94°13.309'E, 3050 m; 13.VIII.2013; Y. Lin leg. • 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (SYNU-1152–1154); same data as above • 6 ♂ 4 ♀ (SYNU- 1074–1083); Nyingchi, Mainling Co.; 29°12.316'N, 94°12.649'E, 3060 m; 13.VIII.2013; Y. Lin leg. • 4♂10♀ (SYNU-1084–1097); Nyingchi, Mainling Co., Pai Town; 29°30.264'N, 94°53.868'E, 3321 m; 6.VIII.2015; J. Wu leg.

Males of this new species are similar to those of C. yujufeng Tong & Yang, 2023, but can be distinguished by lacking a cluster of black, strong setae on the labium (Fig. 6D) vs. setae cluster present (Wang et al. 2023: fig. 5D) and psemblous with trifurcate process (tfp, Fig. 7D, K) vs. with semicircular, prolateral rim and trifurcate ventral process (Wang et al. 2023: fig. 6E, J). Females of the new species are similar to those of C. zayu sp. nov., but can be distinguished by the fusiform median plate (Fig. 8H) vs. pear-shaped (Fig. 11H) and the long copulatory duct, which extends beyond the postgastric scutum (Fig. 8I) vs. just reaching groove between posterior spiracles (Fig. 11I).

Figure 6. 

Camptoscaphiella trifoliata sp. nov., male holotype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views, arrow shows the pointed anterolateral bumps B, D, F, G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–G).

Figure 7. 

Camptoscaphiella trifoliata sp. nov., male left palp A, K prolateral view B, E bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views C, L retrolateral view D, G, H distal part of bulb, prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral views F, J dorsal view I same as G showing the details (arrow). Abbreviations: rlf = retrolateral fold; tfp = trifurcate process; vo = ventral outgrowth. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–C, E, F, J–L); 0.05 mm (D, H, G); 0.01 mm (I).

Figure 8. 

Camptoscaphiella trifoliata sp. nov., female paratype (SYNU-1146) A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, G prosoma, dorsal, ventral and anterior views F epigastric region, ventral view H, I endogyne, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: ap = apodemes; as = anterior sclerite; cd = copulatory duct; mp = median plate. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–E, G); 0.2 mm (F, H, I).

Male (holotype). Body: uniformly colored, yellowish brown; habitus as in Fig. 6A, C, E; length 1.75. Carapace (Fig. 6B, F): 0.84 long, 0.68 wide; pars thoracica strongly elevated in lateral view, entire surface finely reticulated. Eyes (Fig. 6B, G): ALE: 0.07; PME: 0.05; PLE: 0.04; ALE circular, PME oval, PLE oval; posterior eye row straight from above, procurved from front; ALE separated by less than one radius. Clypeus (Fig. 6F, G): margin unmodified, straight in front view, sloping forward in lateral view. Mouthparts (Fig. 6D, G): chelicerae unmodified; anterior-median part of the endites slightly sclerotized. Sternum (Fig. 6D): as long as wide, with pointed anterolateral bumps. Abdomen (Fig. 6A, C, E): 0.91 long, 0.53 wide; oval, scuta pale orange; dorsal scutum covering about 3/4 of abdomen length, about 2/3 of abdomen width, fused to epigastric scutum; postgastric scutum small, covering about 1/2 of abdominal venter. Palp (Fig. 7A–L): reddish brown; patella extremely long club-shaped, length/width = 3.41, about 5.5 times longer than femur, and 2.5 times longer than bulb; cymbium (length/width = 1.92) narrow in dorsal view; psembolus with trifurcate process (tfp), ventral outgrowth (vo) and small retrolateral fold (rlf).

Female (SYNU-1100). As in male except for the following. Body: habitus as in Fig. 8A, C, E; length 1.94. Carapace: 0.83 long, 0.74 wide. Eyes: ALE 0.07; PME 0.05; PLE 0.06. Abdomen: 1.11 long, 0.76 wide. Postgaster (Fig. 8F, H): with rounded anterior sclerite (as) and fusiform median plate (mp). Endogyne (Fig. 8I): copulatory duct (cd) long, narrow, sinuous with tip well beyond postepigastric scutum; apodemes (ap) slender.

The specific name, derived from Latin word trifoliatus, refers to the three-forked processes on the distal part of the bulb; adjective.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype China • ♂ (SYNU-1141); Xizang, Zayu Co., Chawalong Town, Long Vill.; 28°28.941'N, 98°28.193'E, 2883 m; 8.IX.2014; J. Liu leg.

Paratypes. China • 1 ♀ (SYNU-1142); same data as for holotype.

The new species is similar to the type species, C. fulva Caporiacco, 1934, but can be distinguished by the strongly sclerotized dorsal (dp) and ventral (vp) processes of the psembolus (Fig. 10G, I) vs. with two spinelike processes (Baehr and Ubick 2010: figs 161–163), and long copulatory duct (cd, Fig. 11H, I) vs. short inverted droplet-shaped copulatory duct (Baehr and Ubick 2010: figs 182, 183).

Male (holotype). Body: uniformly colored, pale yellow; habitus as in Fig. 9A, C, E; length 1.91. Carapace (Fig. 9B, F): 0.85 long, 0.78 wide; pars thoracica strongly elevated in lateral view, whole surface finely reticulated. Eyes (Fig. 9B, G): ALE: 0.08; PME: 0.06; PLE: 0.06; ALE circular, PME oval, PLE oval; posterior eye row procurved from both above and front; ALE separated by less than one radius. Clypeus (Fig. 9F, G): margin unmodified, straight in front view, sloping forward in lateral view. Mouthparts (Fig. 9D, G): chelicerae unmodified; anterior-median part of the endites slightly sclerotized. Sternum (Fig. 9D): as long as wide, with pointed anterolateral bumps. Abdomen (Fig. 9A, C, E): 1.06 long, 0.68 wide; oval, scuta pale orange; dorsal scutum covering about 5/6 of abdomen length, about 3/4 of abdomen width, fused to epigastric scutum; postgastric scutum small, covering about 1/2 of abdominal venter. Palp (Fig. 10A–K): reddish brown; patella extremely long club-shaped, length/width = 2.96, about 4.2 times longer than femur, and 2.5 times longer than bulb; cymbium narrow (length/width = 1.64) in dorsal view; psembolus with strongly sclerotized dorsal process (dp), strongly sclerotized ventral process (vp), broad ventral outgrowth (vo) and a small retrolateral fold (rlf).

Figure 9. 

Camptoscaphiella zayu sp. nov., male holotype A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, F, G prosoma, dorsal, ventral, lateral and anterior views, arrow shows the pointed anterolateral bumps. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–G).

Figure 10. 

Camptoscaphiella zayu sp. nov., male left palp A, I prolateral view B, E bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views C, K dorsal view D, J retrolateral view F, G, H distal part of bulb, dorsal, prolateral and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: dp = dorsal process; rlf = retrolateral fold; vo = ventral outgrowth; vp = ventral process. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–E, I–K); 0.05 mm (F–H).

Female (SYNU-1142). As in male except for the following. Body: habitus as in Fig. 11A, C, E; length 2.37. Carapace: 0.92 long, 0.81 wide. Eyes: ALE 0.07; PME 0.05; PLE 0.05. Abdomen: 1.45 long, 0.90 wide. Postgaster (Fig. 11F, H): with rounded anterior sclerite (as) and pear-shaped median plate (mp). Endogyne (Fig. 11I): copulatory duct (cd) long, narrow, straight with tip reaching groove between posterior spiracles; apodemes (ap) short.

Figure 11. 

Camptoscaphiella zayu sp. nov., female paratype (SYNU-1142) A, C, E habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views B, D, G prosoma, dorsal, ventral and anterior views F epigastric region, ventral view H, I endogyne, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: ap = apodemes; as = anterior sclerite; cd = copulatory duct; mp = median plate. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–E, G); 0.2 mm (F, H, I).

Figure 12. 

Distribution records of four new species of the genus Camptoscaphiella from Xizang, China. 1. C. metok sp. nov. 2. C. shannan sp. nov. 3. C. trifoliata sp. nov. 4. C. zayu sp. nov.

The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition.

Known only from the type locality.