Medium-sized (ca 2–3 cm long) Sulciferini with 20 body segments, distinct, thin and mostly subhorizontal paraterga, evident transverse sulci on metaterga 5–17(18), and a very high, tongue-shaped, setose, subtruncate lobe between ♂ coxae 4.

Gonopod mostly stout, prefemoral (= densely setose) region small, much shorter than femorite, the latter usually with evident, sometimes hyline, mesal and/or ventral lobes, clearly set off by sulci from both pre- and postfemoral parts; seminal groove mostly dorsal, not mesal, running onto a short flagelliform solenomere on mesal face near distal (= postfemoral) sulcus; acropodite consisting of a prominent central spine sometimes flanked by a mesal and/or a lateral process/outgrowth and carrying parabasally or near midway an inconspicuous, short, dentiform, ventral solenophore devoid of membranous elements and subtending the distal part of solenomere.

Annamina xanthoptera Attems, 1937

A. attemsi sp. n., A. irinae sp. n. and A. mikhaljovae sp. n.

NHMW: Lectotype ♂, NHMW 8936, designated herein, Tourane (= Danang), Lien Chieu, Dawydoff C. leg., 09.1931, Dawydoff/Attems 1936 don., Attems det. Paralectotypes: 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 3 heads, 3 posterior sections, several midbody sections, NHMW 8937, two slide preparations, NHMW3477, same data as lectotype. MNHN JA 108: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Touranne (C. Annam), 18.IX.31 Lien-Chiên.

Lectotype designation was necessary so that the species is based on a complete male that fully matches the original description of A. xanthoptera by Attems (1937). Gonopods were removed and newly examined using one of the NHMW paralectotypes.

Differs from other members of the genus primarily by showing both the median lobe and the lateral process of the gonopod telopodite strongly microdenticulate-serrate. See also Key below.

Measurements (mm): Males (both NHMW and MNHN): length 24.9–29, width of midbody prozonae 1.6–1.9, width of midbody metazonae 2.35–2.6. Females (both NHMW and MNHN): length 28–31, width of midbody pro- and metazonae 1.8–2.1 and 2.5–3.2, respectively.

General coloration after many years of preservation in alcohol apparently somewhat faded, rather uniformly light to castaneous brown, without a distinct pattern, sides lighter; telson, legs and ventral parts light brown to yellowish (Fig. 1). Clypeolabral region setose, setae becoming scattered between antennae; vertigial region with 2+2 setae; epicranial suture thin, superficial.

Figure 1. 

Annamina xanthoptera Attems, 1937, ♂ paralectotype (NHMW). A habitus, lateral view B anterior part of body, lateral view C midbody segments, dorsolateral view.

Antennae long, slender and moderately clavate, slightly extending back behind segment 3 (♂) (Fig. 1A, B) or 2 (♀) when stretched dorsally; in length, antennomere 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 > 1 = 7 (Fig. 1A, B). In width, collum = segment 3 = 4 < 2 < head = 5–16 (♂); thereafter body gradually tapering towards telson on segments 17–19. Tegument generally smooth, prozonae finely shagreened, rear halves of metaterga mostly striolate; surface below paraterga microgranulate. Collum regularly rounded laterally; dorsum strongly and regularly convex, but paraterga directed ventrolaterad. Postcollum paraterga well-developed, mostly set high (at about 1/5 metazonital height measured from dorsum), subhorizontal; paraterga 2 lower than others, drawn both forward and caudad into rounded lobes, with a distinct lateral tooth in fore 1/4; following paraterga broadly and regularly rounded anterolaterally, likewise with a small, but evident tooth in fore 1/4; caudal corner subrectangular until segment 5, increasingly dentiform and well drawn caudad, but evidently projecting behind caudal tergal margin only in segments 17–19, nearly always rounded, spiniform and almost pointed only in segment 19; calluses narrow, demarcated by a complete, distinct, deep sulcus only dorsally and by a faint and somewhat incomplete one ventrally, the latter sulcus reaching only until fore lateral tooth; poriferous calluses only a little thicker than poreless ones (Fig, 1). Ozopores lateral, placed inside an elongated ovoid groove located just behind a vague tubercle at about rear 1/4 callus. Transverse metatergal sulci thin, shallow, faintly sinuate medially and beaded at bottom, nearly reaching bases of paraterga, present on metaterga 5–18 (Fig. 1). Stricture dividing pro- and metazonae thin and deep, ribbed at bottom down to paraterga. Axial line very faint, traceable in places on metaterga. Pleurosternal carina a small ventral lobule on segment 2, thereafter very faint, subtransverse, granulated ridges traceable caudally until segment 7 (♂). Epiproct (Fig. 1A) long, clearly flattened dorsoventrally, conical, emarginate at apex, subapical lateral papillae small. Hypoproct subtriangular, with a rounded apex, caudal 1+1 setae well-separated, not borne on knobs (as in Fig. 11A).

Sterna flat, sparsely setose, cross-impressions faint, without modifications other than a prominent, very high, narrow, triangular, truncate lobe between ♂ coxae 4 (as in Fig. 11B). Legs long, ca 2 times as long as midbody height, very slender in both sexes, with neither adenostyles nor ventral brushes; in length, femora > prefemora > tarsi > coxae = postfemora = tibiae (Fig. 1).

Gonopods (Figs 2–4) complex, telopodites stout. Coxite (cx) considerably shorter than telopodite, subcylindrical, densely setose distoventrally. Prefemoral (= densely setose) part (pf) short, set off from femorite (fe) by an oblique sulcus. Femorite (fe) voluminous, clearly flattened dorsoventrally, showing a prominent, spiculate-microdenticulate, mesal lobe (ml) and a smaller, rounded, hyaline, ventral lobe (vl); seminal groove running laterad along dorsal part of fe, distally detached near a subtransverse postfemoral sulcus (su) into a conspicuously short, flagelliform, coiled solenomere (sl). On ventral side, base of sl subtended by a small tooth (t) (= solenophore) devoid of membranous elements, t lying ventrally near base of a long, narrow, blade-shaped, apical process (a); the latter slightly curved laterad, with a rounded tip, much longer than a conspicuously serrate, slender, finger-shaped, lateral process (lp).

Figure 2. 

Annamina xanthoptera Attems, 1937, ♂ paralectotype (NHMW), right (A, B, D) and left (C) gonopods, A lateral B mesal C ventromesal and D subventral views, respectively (cx = coxite; fe = femorite; pf = prefemoral part; vl = ventral lobe; ml = mesal lobe; su = postfemoral sulcus; lp = lateral process; a = apical process; sl = solenomere; t = solenophore tooth).

Figure 3. 

Annamina xanthoptera Attems, 1937, ♂ paralectotype (NHMW), SEM micrographs of entire left gonopod (A, B), ventrolateral and subventral views, respectively, and of its distal parts (C, D), subventrolateral views (cx = coxite; fe = femorite, vl = ventral lobe; ml = mesal lobe; su = postfemoral sulcus; lp = lateral process; a = apical process; sl = solenomere; t = solenophore tooth).

Figure 4. 

Annamina xanthoptera Attems, 1937, ♂ paralectotype (NHMW), entire left (A, B) gonopod and distal part of right one (C), mesal, lateral and subventral views, respectively (cx = coxite; fe = femorite, vl = ventral lobe; ml = mesal lobe; su = postfemoral sulcus; lp = lateral process; a = apical process; sl = solenomere; t = solenophore tooth). After Attems (1937) (A) and Attems (1938) (B, C).

Attems (1937, 1938) failed to indicate the number of specimens in the type series of A. xanthoptera while the only measurements he gave in the descriptions (width of pro- and metazona 1.8 and 2.5 mm, respectively) may have misleadingly been taken as concerning a single specimen. However, the type series is quite large and presently divided between the MNHN and NHMW collections. Moreover, the NHMW type material actually houses two different species of Annamina, most of which truly represents A. xanthoptera. The minor admixture, however, is described below as still another new species, the types being deposited in the NHMW.

A complete catalogue of references to A. xanthoptera is available in Nguyen and Sierwald (2013).

Holotype ♂, NHMW 8934, Tourane (= Danang), Lien Chieu, Dawydoff C. leg., 09.1931, Dawydoff/Attems 1936 don. Paratype: 1 ♂, NHMW 8935, with one gonopod dissected, same data as holotype.

Differs from other species of the genus primarily by an unusually slender telopodite of the gonopod which is only supplied with an apical process. See also Key below.

Honours the famous Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems (1868–1952), one of the most prominent taxonomists of Diplopoda of his time.

Measurements (mm): Body length ca 18.7 (holotype) or 21.6 (♂ paratype), width of midbody prozonae 1.2 (holotype) or 1.3 (♂ paratype), width of midbody metazonae 1.8 (holotype) or 2.0 (♂ paratype).

General coloration after many years of preservation in alcohol light, almost whitish to yellowish brown, sides, telson, legs and ventral parts pale whitish (Fig. 5). Clypeolabral region setose, setae becoming scattered between antennae (ca 3 pairs), vertigial region with 2+2 setae; epicranial suture thin, superficial.

Figure 5. 

Annamina attemsi sp. n., ♂ paratype (NHMW). A habitus, lateral view B anterior part of body, lateral view C midbody segments, dorsolateral view D caudal part of body, dorsolateral view.

All other characters (see Figs 5–7) as in A. xanthoptera, except as follows.

Caudal corner of paraterga dentiform and acute-angled starting with segment 4, drawn behind rear tergal margin starting with segment 11 (♂); a second lateral denticle on paraterga completely absent from segments 18 and 19. Transverse sulci fully developed on metaterga 5–17, deep, beaded at bottom and almost reaching the bases of paraterga, weaker on segment 18, absent from 19^th.

Gonopods (Figs 6, 7) somewhat disjunct, especially intricate in structure; coxite (cx) moderately setose distoventrally; telopodite much more slender than in A. xanthoptera; femorite (fe) much narrower, distally especially so, showing an inconspicuous and less strongly granulated mesal lobe (ml), as well as a hypertrophied, hyaline, irregularly rounded, ventral lobe (vl) folded mesad; seminal groove running laterad along dorsal part of fe, passing distally onto a short flagelliform solenomere (sl); the latter subtended distally by a small, apically bilobulate, ventral tooth (t) (= solenophore) arising from about midway of a long, pointed, spiniform, apical process (a), this being equipped with a minute, subapical, hyaline ridge (r); lateral process (lp) rudimentary, lying a little distal to postfemoral sulcus (su), with a minute spike on top, placed just at base of a; no mesal process whatsoever.

Figure 6. 

Annamina attemsi sp. n., ♂ paratype (NHMW), right gonopod, A mesal B subventral and C submesal views, respectively (cx = coxite; fe = femorite, vl = ventral lobe; ml = mesal lobe; su = postfemoral sulcus; lp = lateral process; a = apical process; sl = solenomere; t = solenophore tooth).

Figure 7. 

Annamina attemsi sp. n., ♂ paratype (NHMW), SEM micrographs. A entire right gonopod, ventral view B–E distal part of same gonopod B oral C subventral D ventral and E subventral views, respectively (cx = coxite; fe = femorite, vl = ventral lobe; ml = mesal lobe; r = subapical ridge; su = postfemoral sulcus; lp = lateral process; a = apical process; sl = solenomere; t = solenophore tooth).

Holotype ♂, ZMUM ρ3548, Vietnam, Gia Lai Prov., Kon Ka Kinh National Park, N 14°12'43.4", E 108°18'57.1", 930 a.s.l., humid leaved tropical forest in river valley, beaten from bush, V.2016, leg. I.I. Semenyuk. Paratypes: 2 ♂♂, ZMUM ρ3549, same locality and habitat; 1 ♂, ZMUM ρ3550, same locality artificial Pinus cf. kesia plantation, V.2016, leg. I.I. Semenyuk.

Honours Irina Semenyuk, the collector.

Differs from other species of the genus primarily by the presence of a small ventral lobe and a large mesal lobe on the gonopod femorite, coupled with a small, simple, mesal process, a long, spiniform, lateral process and a prominent, simple, unciform, acuminate, apical process in the postfemoral portion of the gonopod. See also Key below.

Measurements (mm): Body length of all types ca 24, width of midbody pro- and metazona 1.5 and 1.9, respectively.

General coloration in alcohol light brownish to brown, but with a characteristic pattern of a vague, lighter, subtriangular, central spot on each postcollum metatergum flanked on each side by marbled brown patches fused into a complete transverse band in anterior 1/3; sides mostly brown to light brown, lighter closer to coxae; strictures between pro- and metazonae, paraterga both dorsally and ventrally, telson, legs and venter pale yellowish to whitish (Fig. 8). Antennae nearly pallid, only distal parts of antennomeres 2–5 slightly infuscate, light brown; entire antennomeres 6 and 7 brown; tip of antennae contrasting pallid.

Figure 8. 

Annamina irinae sp. n., ♂ paratype (ZMUM). A habitus, lateral view B anterior part of body, anteroventral view C midbody segments, dorsal view D caudal part of body, dorsal view E gonopods, ventral view. Pictures taken not to scale.

All characters (see Figs 8, 9) as in A. xanthoptera, except as follows.

In width, segments 5–16 > head > 2 > collum = 3 = 4 (♂); body gradually tapering towards telson on segments 17–19 (Fig. 8B–D). Caudal corner of paraterga clearly drawn behind rear tergal margin on segments 16–19. Transverse sulci thin, slightly sinuate medially, finely beaded at bottom, fully developed on segments 5–17, weaker on segment 18, absent from 19^th. Tergal setae ca 1/4 as long as metatergum, mostly abraded, often untraceable even as insertion points, pattern 2+2 in a transverse fore row. In length, midbody femora > tarsi > postfemora > coxae = prefemora = tibiae (Fig. 8B–D).

Gonopods (Figs 8E, 9) relatively complex; coxite (cx) moderately setose distoventrally; telopodite consisting of a short prefemoral (= densely setose) part set off from femorite (fe) by an oblique sulcus; femorite (fe) stout, distinctly flattened dorsoventrally, set off from acropodite by a subtransverse postfemoral sulcus (su), with a smaller, rounded, hyaline, ventral lobe (vl) and a much larger, parabasal, somewhat ear-shaped, mesal lobe (ml); seminal groove quickly moving laterad to mostly lie on dorsal side of fe before passing onto a short, free, flagelliform solenomere (sl) near su, with a small finger-shaped mesal process (mp) lying at base of sl; postfemoral part consisting of a large, spiniform, slightly curved, acuminate, apical process (a) flanked by a considerably shorter, likewise spiniform and slightly curved lateral process (lp) and a short, stout, ventral, trifid tooth (t) (= solenophore) subtending the basal half of sl.

Figure 9. 

Annamina irinae sp. n., ♂ paratype (ZMUM), left gonopod, A dorsomesal, B ventral and C mesal views, respectively (cx = coxite; fe = femorite, vl = ventral lobe; ml = mesal lobe; su = postfemoral sulcus; lp = lateral process; mp = mesal process; a = apical process; sl = solenomere; t = solenophore tooth). Scale bar 0.5 mm.

Holotype ♂, ZMUM ρ3551, Vietnam, Kon Tum Prov., Kon Plong Distr., N14°43.450', E108°18.882', 1000–1260 m a.s.l., tropical forest, on log, V.2015, leg. I.I. Semenyuk.

Honours Elena Mikhaljova, a prominent specialist in the systematics of Asian Diplopoda.

Differs from other species of the genus primarily by the presence of a small ventral lobule and a large mesal lobe on the gonopod femorite, coupled with, much like in A. irinae sp. n., a small, simple, mesal process, a similarly short, but spiniform, clearly serrate lateral process and a prominent, lobe-shaped, apical process in the postfemoral portion of the gonopod. See also Key below.

Measurements (mm): Length ca 22 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazonae 1.8 and 2.7 mm, respectively. Coloration uniformly light brownish to yellow-brown, only antennomeres 6 and 7 contrasting dark brown; tegument largely thin and translucent (Fig. 10).

Figure 10. 

Annamina mikhaljovae sp. n., ♂ holotype (ZMUM). A habitus, lateral view B anterior part of body, ventral view C midbody segments, dorsal view D segments 5–7, ventral view E caudal part of body, dorsal view. Pictures taken not to scale.

All characters (see Figs 10, 11) as in A. xanthoptera, except as follows.

In width, collum = 3 = 4 < segment 2 < head < 5–16 (♂); thereafter body gradually tapering towards telson. Caudolateral corner of paraterga subrectangular until segment 8, thereafter increasingly well drawn caudad, but always remaining narrowly rounded, clearly projecting behind rear tergal margin only on segments 17–19 (Fig. 10).

Gonopods (Figs 10D, 11) much as in A. irinae sp. n.; femorite (fe) with a distinct, papillate, parabasal, mesal lobe (ml), a small, subtriangular, midway, hyaline, ventral lobe (vl); postfemoral part lying beyond a distinct sulcus (su) with a short flagelliform solenomere (sl), a similarly short, slender, slightly curved, mesal process (mp), a short tooth (t) (= solenophore) subtending the basal portion of sl, a prominent, membranous, distally faintly serrate, lobe-shaped, laterad curved, acuminate, apical process (a), and a shorter, spiniform, slearly serrate, lateral process (lp).

Figure 11. 

Annamina mikhaljovae sp. n., ♂ holotype (ZMUM). A hypoproct, ventral view B sternal lobe between coxae 4 C–E right gonopod, A mesal, B subventral and C lateral views, respectively (cx = coxite; fe = femorite, vl = ventral lobe; ml = mesal lobe; su = postfemoral sulcus; lp = lateral process; mp = mesal process; a = apical process; sl = solenomere; t = solenophore tooth). Scale bar 0.5 mm.