Research Article |
Corresponding author: Liangming Cao ( caolm1206@126.com ) Academic editor: Wenjun Bu
© 2024 Ping Zhao, Minmin Ou, Liangming Cao, Huaiyu Liu, Jianyun Wang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
Citation:
Zhao P, Ou M, Cao L, Liu H, Wang J (2024) One new species and two new records of Pyrrhocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from China. ZooKeys 1210: 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1210.125457
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A new species, Dindymus albonotum Zhao & Cao, sp. nov., and two newly recorded species, Euscopus robustus Stehlík, 2005 and Brancucciana (Rubriascopus) orientalis Stehlík & Jindra, 2008, belonging to the family Pyrrhocoridae Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoroidea) from China are described and illustrated.
Oriental region, red bugs, South China, taxonomy, tropical zone
The currently known pyrrhocorid fauna (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoroidea) of China includes 15 genera and 40 species (
In this paper we describe a pyrrhocorid species new to science from the Oriental part of China: Dindymus albonotum sp. nov. We also report the first distribution records for Brancucciana (Rubriascopus) orientalis Stehlík & Jindra, 2008 and Euscopus robustus Stehlík, 2005 in China.
All studied materials are deposited in the
Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (
Family Pyrrhocoridae Amyot & Serville, 1843
Brancucciana
Ahmad & Zaidi, 1986: 423;
Ascopus Hsiao, 1964: 402, 405 (junior homonym of Ascopus Marshall, 1951, Coleoptera). Type species by original designation: Ascopus rufa Hsiao, 1964: 403, 405.
Ascopocoris
Stehlík & Kerzhner, 1999: 123;
Body generally sanguineous, broadly oval. Head as long as broad and nearly triangular, apical part anteriorly produced; eyes smaller and bulging, posterior margin of eyes adjacent to anterior margin of pronotum; antennae shorter and subequal in length to half of body; first antennal segment subequal to head length, apical half dilated; labium reaching to hind coxae, second segment longest, fourth shortest, first subequal in length to third. Length of pronotum distinctly shorter than its width, lateral pronotal margins reflexed; scutellum equilateral triangular; metathoracic scent gland ostiole large; membrane of hemelytron reaching just beyond the apex of abdomen, costal margin of corium reflexed. Sterna of thorax centrally with longitudinal ridge. Femora thickened, ventral side of subapcial part of fore femora with several dentate processes; third segment of tarsus of hind leg longer than first and second segments together. Pygophore somewhat rounded, ventroposterior margin medially with a knob; paramere F-shaped; aedeagus with both thecal and conjunctival appendages.
Oriental region.
In China, two species of the genus Brancucciana have been previously reported.
1 | Body generally red; hemelytron red, membrane black; pronotum red; body nearly oval; body with dense and black punctures; legs unicolorous and black | B. (Rubriascopus) orientalis Stehlík & Jindra, 2008 |
– | Body generally reddish brown to black; hemelytron reddish brown to black, anterior margin of corium red to reddish brown; pronotum reddish brown to black, lateral margin red to reddish brown; body almost parallel-sided; body with dense, deep punctures; legs bicolor and mostly yellowish brown | 2 |
2 | Middle part of lateral margin of pronotum nearly straight; labium and legs nearly uniformly reddish brown | B. (Brancucciana) rufa (Hsiao, 1964) |
– | Middle part of lateral margin of pronotum inward concave; labium and legs dark brown, apical part of femora and basal part of tibiae red | B. (Brancucciana) sinuaticollis (Liu, 1987) |
Brancucciana (Rubriascopus) orientalis
Stehlík & Jindra, 2008: 632:
The subgenus Rubriascopus has two species, Brancucciana (Rubriascopus) pygmaeus Distant, 1903 and Brancucciana (Rubriascopus) orientalis Stehlík & Jindra, 2008. In B. (R.) pygmaeus, the legs and antennomeres are greyish yellow according to
The specimens recently collected from Guangxi and Hainan are morphologically mostly consistent with the original description of B. (R.) orientalis according to the description by
The male genitalia are redescribed in detail here (Fig.
[male (n = 1) / female (n = 1), in mm]. Body length 9.88 / 11.66; maximal width of abdomen 4.13 / 4.70. Head length 1.30 / 1.70; Head width 1.78 / 1.94; length of synthlipsis 0.97 / 1.30; length of antennal segments I–IV = 1.27 / 1.46, 1.36 / 1.62, 0.91 / 0.97, 1.82 / 1.78; length of labial segments I–IV = 1.13 / 1.16, 1.30 / 1.30, 1.13 / 1.13, 1.13 / 0.97; length of pronotum 3.29 / 3.56; width of pronotum 3.40 / 3.73; length of anterior pronotal lobe 0.81 / 0.81; length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.13 / 1.30; length of scutellum 1.13 / 1.62; length of hemelytron 7.45 / 8.42.
2 males, 1 female, China, Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang, 2021-VI-14, by light, Ping Zhao & Yingqi Liu leg., deposited in
China [Guangxi (Longzhou), Hainan]; Indonesia, Philippines (
B. (R.) orientalis demonstrates positive phototaxis when exposed to artificial light sources during nocturnal periods.
Dindymus
Stål, 1861: 196;
Body medium-sized, smooth. Head triangular, vertex bulged, posterior lobe of head quickly constricted into the neck, head not wider than anterior pronotal lobe, apical part of head slightly declined downward; first antennal segment longest, fourth separately longer than second and third segment, second slightly longer than third; eyes sessile, protruded laterally; apical part of labium usually extending beyond base of abdomen, first labial segment slightly thickened. Pronotum trapezoidal, lateral pronotal margins strongly reflexed. Inter-segmental sutures of third to fifth abdominal segments moderately curved laterally.
Oriental and Australian region.
There are six species of the genus Dindymus reported from China prior to this study. Dindymus brevis Blöte, 1931 was reported in Taiwan Province (
1 | Legs black, apical half of femora and basal 1/4 of tibiae red | 2 |
– | Legs completely black | 3 |
2 | Posterior pronotal lobe red | D. brevis Blöte, 1931 |
– | Posterior pronotal lobe yellowish-white | D. albonotum Zhao & Cao, sp. nov. |
3 | First labial segment red; lateral margin of pronotum and costal margin of corium distinctly upturned; membrane of hemelytron without a dark spot in inner corner | 4 |
– | First labial segment black, only basal part red; lateral margin of pronotum and costal margin of corium straight, indistinctly upturned; membrane of hemelytron with a dark spot in inner corner | 6 |
4 | Labium almost extending to middle part of third abdominal sternum, first segment thicker, significantly exceeding beyond anterior margin of pronotum; lateral margin of pronotum and costal margin of corium strongly expanded laterally, almost lamellate | D. medogensis Liu, 1981 |
– | Labium not extending to middle part of third abdominal sternum, first segment not extending beyond anterior margin of pronotum; lateral margin of pronotum and costal margin of corium only slightly expanded laterally | 5 |
5 | Body large, male 12.00–14.50 mm, female 15.00–16.50; vertex wider, lateral margin of pronotum and costal margin of corium wider; posterior margins of thoracic pleura pale yellow or reddish, acetabula black; corium and clavus with deeper punctures | D. lanius Stål, 1863 |
– | Body small, male 11.77–12.31 mm, female 12.85–14.71 mm; vertex wide, lateral margin of pronotum and costal margin of corium wide; posterior margins of thoracic pleura and acetabula milk-white; corium and clavus with shallow punctures | D. chinensis Stehlík & Jindra, 2006 |
6 | Posterior margins of all thoracic pleura milk-white to yellowish white, outer side of coxae with distinct white spot | D. rubiginosus (Fabricius, 1787) |
– | Posterior margins of metapleura and posterior acetabula milk-white, outer side of coxae paler | D. sanguineus (Fabricius, 1794) |
The new species, from Yunnan, China, is similar in body shape and coloration to Dindymus brevis Blöte, 1931, which is distributed in Taiwan, China. However, for D. albonotum sp. nov, the posterior lobe of pronotum is milk-white to yellowish white; the fore-wing membrane is golden yellow, semitransparent, and its posterior part has scattered black markings; the abdominal sterna are black, except for the milk-white posterior margin of fifth segment, and sixth and seventh segments (Fig.
The new species also resembles Dindymus (Dindymus) flavinotum Stehlík, 2013 in the following characters: the posterior pronotal lobe is milk-white, and the membrane of fore wing is golden yellow and with fewer black markings; the legs are black, with apices of the femora and bases of the tibiae red; the second to fifth abdominal sternites are black; the sixth and seventh are white. In D. flavinotum, the legs are completely black, and the abdominal sternites are red (except black basal parts) (
Holotype
, female, China, Yunnan, Puer, 2022-VI, Zhang Guirong leg., deposited in
Coloration. Body red with black and milk-white markings. Antennae black, basal part of first segment red; labium blackish brown, first segment red; posterior pronotal lobe milk white; pleura and sterna of thorax black, posterior margin of pleura and posterior margin of acetabula milk white; leg black, apical part of femora and basal part of tibiae red; abdomen black, posterior margin of fifth sternum of abdomen, sixth and seventh abdominal sternites milk white.
Structure. Body oval. Pronotum and fore wing widened transversely. Head length subequal to width, eyes laterally protruded; anterior and posterior lobe of pronotum gibbose; anterior margin of pronotum not wider than head, and subequal to 1/2 of distance between lateral pronotal angles. Posterior margin of anterior pronotal lobe convex anteriorly; posterior pronotal lobe sparsely punctured. Costal margin of corium laterally dilated and smooth, corium (except costal margin) and clavus densely punctured.
[female (n = 1), in mm]. Body length 14.78; maximal width of abdomen 7.13. Head length 2.78; head width 2.61; length of synthlipsis 1.39; length of antennal segments I–IV = 4.35, 2.61, 1.91, 3.48; length of labial segments I–IV = 2.52, 2.52, 2.09, 1.22; length of pronotum 2.86; width of pronotum 4.96; length of anterior pronotal lobe 1.22; length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.74; length of scutellum 2.73 length of hemelytron 12.17.
The specific name alludes to the yellow posterior lobe of pronotum of the new species. The Latin noun albonotum means “yellowish-white thorax”.
China [Yunnan (Puer)].
The specimen was collected from the forest near Wanmu tea garden, in Puer, Yunnan, China.
Euscopus
Stål, 1870: 102:
Body oblique and covered with dense, short setae. Head length approximately equal to width, its apical part downward declining, slightly bulging at top, head width approximately equal to width of anterior pronotal lobe; labium extending to or over coxae of the middle leg, first segment not longer than head; antennae slightly thicker and shorter, first segment longest, second to fourth segments approximately equal in length; pronotum wider than long, lateral margin slightly upward upturned, transversal constriction obviously continuous. Costal margin of corium of the fore wing nearly straight; fore femora slightly thickened, subapical part of the ventral surface with two or three small spines; intersegmental sulcus of the fourth and fifth segments of abdominal sterna obviously bent forward, not straight to its lateral margin.
A total of 16 species are currently recognized worldwide (
Oriental region.
1 | Corium of fore wing black, anterior margin red | 2 |
– | Corium of fore wing red, middle part with a large black spot, apical angle black | 4 |
2 | Posterior margin of pronotum red | 3 |
– | Posterior margin of pronotum not red | E. robustus Stehlík, 2005 |
3 | A smooth white point near the centre of the apical edge of the corium | E. distinguendus Blöte, 1933 |
– | Apical part of the corium without with white spot | E. fuscus Hsiao, 1964 |
4 | Apical angle of corium with a small black spot on inner side; membrane of fore wing blackish brown, its outer and inner margin light brown; abdomen ventrally completely black | E. rufipes Stål, 1870 |
– | Apical angle of corium with larger black markings on inner side; membrane of fore wing greyish brown; abdomen ventrally black with median longitudinal part red | E. chinensis Blöte, 1932 |
Euscopus robustus Stehlík, 2005: 157.
The species is similar to Euscopus fuscus Hsiao, 1964 in body shape and coloration. However, the species reported here lacks the yellow to red posterior margin on the pronotum, and the body is nearly parallel-sided (in E. fuscus, the posterior margin of pronotum is yellowish brown, and the body is oblong-elliptical).
Coloration. Body dorsally black, ventrally reddish brown. Head, thorax, scutellum, and legs black; lateral margin of pronotum, costal margin of corium yellow to red; antennae black, basal half of fourth white (Fig.
Structure. Body clothed with procumbent short setae. Posterior pronotal lobe, clavus, corium, rim of callus of anterior pronotal lobe, scutellum punctate. Body oblong, nearly parallel-sided (Fig.
Pygophore gibbous, posterior margin concaved medially, posterior rim infolding and distinctly sloping into genital chamber, and forming an internal cuplike sclerite of pygophore, its apical margin straight (Fig.
[male (n = 1) / female (n = 1), in mm]. Body length 9.56 / 11.04; maximal width of abdomen 3.74 / 4.00. Head length 1.22 / 1.48; Head width 1.74 / 1.74; length of synthlipsis 0.87 / 0.96; length of antennal segments I–IV= 2.00 / 2.26, 1.22 / 1.30, 0.87 / 0.87, 1.30/1.30; length of labial segments I–IV = 0.78 / 0.78, 0.78 / 0.87, 0.70 / 0.87, 0.43 / 0.43; length of pronotum 1.74 / 2.26; width of pronotum 3.22 / 3.65; length of anterior pronotal lobe 0.70 / 0.70; length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.04 / 1.39; length of scutellum 1.30 / 1.22; length of hemelytron 6.96 / 8.00.
1 male, 1 female, China, Guangxi, Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Ningming, Huashan, Ping Zhao, Zhuo Chen & Yingqi Liu leg., 2022-VII-11, collected by using a light trap, deposited in
China [Guangxi(Nonggang)]; Laos. New record from China
Euscopus robustus exhibits positive phototaxis when exposed to artificial light sources during nocturnal periods.
The authors sincerely thank Dr Wen-jun Bu (Nankai University, Tianjin, China), Dr Petr Kment (National Museum Cirkusova, Prague, Czech Republic) and the anonymous reviewer for their critical reading of and helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank Wei-bo Zeng and Shan Wu of the Nonggang National Nature Reverse, Guangxi, China, and Dr Jian-fei Sun of the Nanning Normal University, Guangxi, China, for their assistance collecting specimens. We also thank Toby Petrice (Northern Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture) for editorial improvements to the manuscript. We are also grateful to Mr Xin-wei Niu of the China Agricultural University for his help in processing photographs.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
This research was funded by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2021GXNSFAA220106); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32270474); the Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China (2023FY100200); the scientific research capacity building project for Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi under Grant (no. Guike23-026-273).
Resources: JW, HL. Writing - original draft: PZ, LC, MO.
Ping Zhao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-2756
Minmin Ou https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2623-293X
Liangming Cao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-6719
Jianyun Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-3252
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.