The genus Anaphothrips with one new species from China (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)

Yanze Cui; Jinghui Xi; Jun Wang

doi:10.3897/zookeys.668.12376

Abstract

A key to six species of Anaphothrips known from China is provided, together with distribution information. Anaphothrips dentatus sp. n. is described and illustrated from Sanjiang Plain in northeastern China, based on one male and five apterous females. This species is unusual in having the posterior margin of tergite VIII with a craspedum of small teeth rather than long microtrichia.

Keywords

Anaphothrips , China, new species, thrips

Introduction

Currently, 81 species are described in the genus Anaphothrips (ThripsWiki 2017), most being associated with species of Poaceae. A key to distinguish the genus from similar genera in China was provided by Mirab-balou et al. (2012), and five species have been recorded in this genus from China (Mirab-balou et al. 2012). The diagnosis of the genus includes the following character states: antennae 8- or 9-segmented, sense cone on segment IV forked, on segment III forked or simple; pronotum without long setae; metafurcal spinula absent; all tarsi 2-segmented; abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with or without comb, some species with craspedum; sternites without discal setae; male abdominal sternites usually with pore plate (Mound and Masami 2009).

Sanjiang Plain (45°01.08'–48°27.93'N, 130°13.17'–135°05.43'E) is located in Northeast China, with a total area of approximately 108.9 thousand square kilometers. It is the largest area of freshwater marsh wetland (Fig. 1) in China, but from which no species of thrips has previously been reported. The thrips diversity of this region was investigated from 2012 to 2014, and two species from the genus Anaphothrips were discovered, A. obscurus (Müller) and the new species described in this paper.

Figure 1.

The habitats of Anaphothrips dentatus sp. n. (Photo taken on 9.viii.2012 by Jun Wang).

Materials and methods

The slide preparation method followed Zhang et al. (2006). Descriptions and measurements were conducted using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope; photographs were taken using an ISH500 camera with ISCapture software and were processed with the software of Adobe Photoshop CS6. All measurements described in this paper are in micrometers. One paratype of the new species is deposited in the Insect Collection, South China Agricultural University (SCAU); other specimens examined are deposited in the Insect Collection of Jilin University (JLU), Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.

Taxonomy

Anaphothrips beijingensis Mirab-balou, Chen & Tong

Anaphothrips beijingensis Mirab-balou, Chen & Tong, 2012: 719.

Distribution

China (Beijing).

Anaphothrips dentatus sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/947ABA6E-BA6B-4B94-96B4-E5F8C509E0CD

Figs 2–8, 9–14

Specimens examined

Holotype: Female (apterous), China, Heilongjiang Province, Sanjiang Plain (47°35.08'N, 133°31.42'E), 18.vii.2013, from grasses (Jun Wang). Paratypes: 1 male and 1 female same data as holotype; 3 females, same locality and habitat as holotype, 2.vii.2014, from grasses (Jun Wang).

Diagnosis

Both sexes apterous. Body brown, but head and thorax paler, legs yellow, antennal segments I, III–V yellow, segments II, VI–IX brown. Head wider than long slightly, projecting in front of eyes; ocelli reduced. Antennae 9-segmented, segments III–IV with sense cone forked. Pronotum almost smooth; metanotum median setae far apart and arising on posterior third of sclerite. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with craspedum formed of small teeth. Male tergite IX with two pairs of stout median thorn-like setae near posterior margin; sternites III–VII with C-shaped pore plate slightly wider than distance between posteromarginal seta S1.

Description

Apterous female (Fig. 2). Body uniformly brown, head and thorax paler; legs yellow; antennal segments I, III–V yellow, segments II, VI–IX brown.

Head (Fig. 4) 0.9 times as long as wide, projecting in front of eyes, dorsal surface sculptured with irregular transverse reticulations, but almost smooth between eyes; ocelli reduced, three pairs of ocellar setae present, seta III longer; three pairs of postocular setae present; antennae 9-segmented (Fig. 6), segment III with pedicel, segments III–IV with small forked sense cone and rows of microtrichia, a complete transverse suture present between segments VI and VII.

Pronotum almost smooth (Fig. 5), without long setae; prosternal ferna undivided (Fig. 9). Mesonotum sculptured with transverse reticulations (Fig. 7), a pair of campaniform sensilla close to anterior margin, a pair of median setae and a pair of anterior external setae present, a pair of setae arising close to posterior margin. Metanotum sculptured with polygonal reticulations (Fig. 7), paired anteromarginal setae and paired campaniform sensilla present, paired median setae far apart and arising on posterior third of sclerite. Mesofurcal spinula present, metafurca without spinula (Fig. 8).

Figures 2–8.

Anaphothrips dentatus sp. n. (2, 4–8 female 3 male). 2 Female 3 Male 4 Head. 5 Pronotum. 6 Antenna 7 Meso- and metanotum 8 Meso- and metasternum.

Abdominal tergites II–VIII with sculpture laterally (Fig. 10), one pair of median setae, two pairs of campaniform sensilla, two pairs of lateral setae and a pair of lateral marginal setae present, a pair of posteroangular setae arising at posterior margin far from the posterior angles; tergite VIII with spiracles occupying less than half of lateral margins, posterior margin with craspedum formed of small teeth; tergite IX with a pair of mid–dorsal setae and two pairs of campaniform sensilla, SI and S2 close to posterior margin longer than tergite X; tergite X divided longitudinally with a pair of campaniform sensilla and two pairs of long setae close to posterior margin (Fig. 13). Sternites II–VII reticulated laterally and without discal setae, sternite II with two pairs of posteromarginal setae, III–VII with three pairs (Fig. 11); sternite VIII with three pairs of setae laterally. Pleurotergites III–VII with posteromarginal setae, posterior margin with lobes (Fig. 11).

Figures 9–14.

Anaphothrips dentatus sp. n. (9–11, 13 female; 12, 14 male). 9 Ventral view of prothorax 10 Tergites II–III 11 Sternites IV–V 12 Sternites IV–V. T: thickness; W: width 13 Tergites VIII–X 14 Tergites IX–X.

Measurements (holotype). Body length 1258. Head length 125, width 146; antennae length 238; antennal segments I–IX length(width): 20(28), 32(25), 37(17), 30(17), 31(18), 36(19), 8(11), 8(7), 12(4); antennal terminal setae 17; eyes length 66; diameter of ocelli 6, distance of posterior ocelli 37; ocellar setae I–III: 7, 7, 13; postocular setae I–III: 9, 13, 6. Pronotum median length 130, width 171; setae length 5–14. Mesonotum anterior median setae 8. Metanotum anteromarginal setae 12, median setae 14. Abdominal pelta median setae 11; tergite IX S1 65, S2 80; tergite X median setae 62; sternites II–VII posteromarginal setae 6–33.

Apterous male (Fig. 3). Similar to female but smaller and paler; tergite IX with two pairs of stout median thorn-like setae near posterior margin, setae I 1.7 times as long as II (Fig. 14); sternites III–VII with C-shaped pore plate slightly wider than distance between posteromarginal setae S1 (Fig. 12).

Measurements (paratype male). Body length 1003. Head length 120, width 141; antennae length 202; antennal segments I–IX length(width): 17(25), 27(22), 34(15), 26(15), 27(15), 30(15), 7(10), 6(7), 11(4); antennal terminal setae 14; eyes length 59; diameter of ocelli 5, distance of posterior ocelli 36; ocelli setae I–III: 9, 7, 11; postocular setae I–III: 7, 9, 8. Pronotum median length 106; width 152; setae length 3–11. Mesonotum anterior median setae 8. Metanotum anteromarginal setae 9, median setae 12. Abdominal tergite I median setae 12; tergite IX stout median thorn–like setae I 19, II 11, setae S1 53, S2 56; tergite X median setae 63; sternites II–VII posteromarginal setae 7–28; sternites III–VII pore plate thickness (T) 5–9, width (W) 48, 45, 47, 48, 36.

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang Province).

Etymology

The Latin word dentatus derived from tooth-shaped craspedum on abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin.

Remarks

The new species belongs to a small group of Anaphothrips in which abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin has a craspedum that is tooth-shaped not ciliate. It is similar in appearance to the description by Pitkin (1978) of the Australian species A. moundi, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following features: antennal segment II brown, sensorium on III forked; abdominal tergite VIII with craspedum of teeth longer; male abdominal sternites pore plate only slightly wider than the distance of posteromarginal setae S1. The morphological characteristics of A. moundi are provided by Mound and Masumoto (2009). The new species is also similar to A. obscurus in appearance, but can be distinguished by the following characters: both sexes apterous; ocelli reduced; head wider than long; abdominal tergite VIII with tooth-shaped craspedum; male sternites III–VII with C-shaped pore plates only slightly wider than the distance of posteromarginal setae S1.

Anaphothrips floralis Karny

Figs 15–16

Anaphothrips floralis Karny, 1922: 109; Zhang and Tong 1992: 73.

Description

Macropterous female. Body and legs yellow; antennal segment I yellow, segments II–IV and base of V light brown but segment II darker, segments V–VIII brown. Head with ocellar setae III arising at outer tangent between fore and hind ocelli; antennae 8-segmented (Fig. 15), segments III–IV with sensorium forked. Fore wing (Fig. 16) upper vein with eight basal setae and four distal setae, lower vein with 6–11 setae. Metanotum reticulate in mid line, campaniform sensilla absent. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with complete comb.

Figures 15–24.

Anaphothrips of China. A. floralis (15–16). 15 Antennae 16 Fore wing 17 A. obscurus antennae. A. populi (18–20) 18 Antennae 19 Fore wing 20 Abdominal tergites VIII–X. A. sudanensis (21–23 female; 24 male) 21 Abdominal tergites VIII–X 22 Antennae 23 Body 24 Sternites IV–V.

Distribution

China (Guangdong); Vietnam.

Specimens examined

1 female (macropterous), 1 male (macropterous), China, Guangdong Province, suburb of Guangzhou, 4.xi.1976, form Allium tuberosum (Weiqiu Zhang).

Anaphothrips obscurus (Müller)

Fig. 17

Thrips obscura Müller, 1776: 96.

Description

Macropterous female. Body and legs yellow; antennal segment I yellow, segments II-IV light brown but segment II darker, segments V-IX brown but segment V paler slightly; fore wing weakly shaded. Head wider than long, dorsal surface sculptured with irregular transverse reticulations behind eyes; ocellar setae I present, ocellar setae III out of ocellar triangle just anterior to hind ocelli. Antennae 9-segmented (Fig. 17), segments III–IV with sense cone forked. Fore wing upper vein with 7–8 basal setae and 2–3 distal setae, lower vein with 8–9 setae. Abdominal tergites with microtrichia laterally, tergite VIII posterior margin with comb of microtrichia.

Micropterous male. Similar to macropterous female, but wing shorter than thorax width (Mound and Masumoto 2009).

Distribution

Widespread around the world.

Specimens examined

3 female (macropterous), 5 female (micropterous), China, Heilongjiang Province, Sanjiang Plain, 2.vii.2014, from grasses (Jun Wang). 1 female (micropterous) China, Heilongjiang Province, Sanjiang Plain, 9.viii.2012, from grasses (Jun Wang). 1 female (micropterous), China, Ningxia, Pingluo, 24.vii.1987, from Polygonum (Caixia Yang).

Anaphothrips populi Zhang & Tong

Figs 18–20

Anaphothrips populi Zhang & Tong, 1992: 71.

Description

Macropterous female. Body brown; antennae brown, segment I paler; all leg brown, tarsi paler; fore wing and clavus pale. Head about 0.7 times as long as wide. Ocellar setae 3 pairs, setae III arising at anterior margin of ocellar triangle almost as long as I and II. Antennae 9-segmented (Fig. 18), segments III and IV with forked sense cone. Fore wing (Fig. 19) upper vein with 8–9 basal setae and 3–4 distal setae, lower vein with 11–13 setae; clavus with 5 short setae. Abdominal tergites III–VII with irregular transverse sculpture laterally; tergite VIII (Fig. 20) posterior margin with comb of long microtrichia.

Remarks

This species is similar to A. incertus in appearance but can be distinguished from the latter by the following features: antennal segments III–IV brown; segment VI with incomplete suture in distal third; fore wing upper vein with 8–9 basal setae and 3–4 distal setae, lower vein with 11–13 setae.

Distribution

China (Henan, Gansu).

Specimens examined

Paratype: 1 female (macropterous), China, Henan Province, Baiquan, Baoding Mountain, 21.vi.1979, from Populus (Shengfu Shi).

Anaphothrips sudanensis Trybom

Figs 21–24

Anaphothrips sudanensis Trybom, 1911: 1; Zhang and Tong 1992: 73.

Description

Macropterous female. Body bicolored (Fig. 23), generally brown but abdominal segments III–V yellow; antennal segments I–II and V–VIII brown, segments III–IV yellow; legs yellow; fore wing pale but with dark cross band close to base. Head wider than long slightly. Antennae 8-segmented (Fig. 22), segments III–IV with forked sense cone. Pronotum weakly sculptured. Fore wing upper vein with six basal setae and five distal setae, lower vein with six setae; Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 21) posterior margin with comb of long microtrichia.

Macropterous male. Similar to female, but stergites III–VIII with large C-shaped pore plate (Fig. 24).

Distribution

China (Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); worldwide in tropical and sub-tropical countries.

Specimens examined

1 female (macropterous), China, Guangdong Province, Guangning, Baoding mountain, 16.vii.2014, from Pelargonium hortorum (Zhaohong Wang). 1 male (macropterous), China, Guangdong Province, Guangning, Baoding Mountain, 16.vii.2014, from Phyllanthus urinaria (Zhaohong Wang).

Key to Chinese species of Anaphothrips

(* not examined)

1	Antennae clearly 8-segmented (Fig. 15)	2
–	Antennae 9-segmented (Fig. 17), segment VI with complete oblique or transverse suture	4
2	Female body distinctly bicolored (Fig. 23), mainly dark brown, antennal (Fig. 22) segments III–IV and abdominal segments III–V (or VI) yellow, male color various	*A. sudanensis*
–	Female body brown or yellow, not distinctly bicoloured	3
3	Head with ocellar setae III arising outside of ocellar triangle, anterior to hind ocelli; fore wing upper vein with 8–11 setae, lower vein with 7–9 setae; metanotum reticulate, campaniform sensilla present	*A. beijingensis* *
–	Head with ocellar setae III arising at outer tangent between fore and hind ocelli; fore wing upper vein with about 12 setae, lower vein with 6–11 setae; metanotum reticulate in mid line, campaniform sensilla absent	*A. floralis*
4	Tergite VIII (Fig. 13) posterior margin with tooth-shaped craspedum; male sternal pore plates (Fig. 12) only slightly wider than distance between posteromarginal setae S1	A. dentatus sp. n.
–	Tergite VIII (Fig. 21) posterior margin with comb of long microtrichia	5
5	Body yellow; antennal (Fig. 17) segment I yellow, segments II–IV light brown, segments V–VIII dark brown; microptera or else fore wing upper vein with 7–8 basal setae and 2–3 distal setae, lower vein with 8–9 setae	*A. obscurus*
–	Body brown; antennae (Fig. 18) brown, segment I paler; fore wing (Fig. 19) upper vein with 8–9 basal setae and 3–4 distal setae, lower vein with 11–13 setae	*A. populi*

Acknowledgements

Our thanks are due to Prof. Xiaoli Tong, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, for providing relevant specimens, going through the early draft of the manuscript and improving the text. Thanks also to Laurence A. Mound, Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO, Australia, and an anonymous reviewer for kindly providing useful advice. This study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 41471036).

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