Sinahahnia eyu sp. nov.

The generic name is a compound noun derived from the Latin sinae (= the Chinese) and ‘-Hahnia’.

Species of Sinahahnia gen. nov. resemble those of Troglohnia in having a similar slender embolus, large and membranous median apophysis, short and strong patellar apophysis, and long, spiral copulatory ducts, but they differ by the long embolus originating at a 6-o’clock position (vs 3-o’clock in Troglohnia), the large membranous median apophysis originating from the prolateral part of the tegulum (vs retrolateral in Troglohnia), RTA not bifurcated (vs bifurcated in Troglohnia) (Figs 2A–C, 3C–E, 5A–C, 6C–E cf. Chu et al. 2023: figs 3C, 10A, B, 12A, B, 15A, B), and the peanut-shaped or spherical spermathecae of the epigyne (vs oval in Troglohnia) (Figs 2E, 3G, 4C, 5E, 6G, 7B, 8C cf. Chu et al. 2023: figs 11B, 13B, 14B, 16B).

Small size (male: 1.65–1.94, female: 1.39–2.27). Carapace yellowish brown. Eight eyes. Fovea vertical. Cervical groove and radial furrows distinct. Chelicerae, yellowish brown. Labium yellowish brown, wider than long. Endites yellowish brown, longer than wide. Sternum yellowish brown and scutellate with sparse black hairs. Chelicera with 1–3 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. Legs yellowish brown. Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval, dorsum yellowish brown, dorsally with five light chevrons, venter yellowish brown.

Male palp patella with 1 or 2 apophyses. RTA curved, short, as long as tibia. Cymbial furrow as long as cymbium. Tegulum spherical, about 1/3 of length of cymbium. Median apophysis large and membranous, arc-shaped, originating from the prolateral part of the tegulum. Embolus originating at approximately 6-o’clock position (retrolateral part at 3:30 o’clock), long, slender, curved along bulb, with its tip staying in cymbial furrow near embolic base.

Epigyne : epigynal plate wider than long. Copulatory openings small, conspicuous, located mid-ventrally on epigynal plate, not touching each other. Copulatory ducts thin, long, strongly coiled. Secondary spermathecae small, spherical, located anteriorly. Spermathecae peanut-shaped or spherical.

Sinahahnia eyu sp. nov., S. fanjingshan sp. nov., and S. yintiaoling sp. nov.

China (Hubei, Chongqing, Guizhou) (Fig. 9).

Holotype ♂ (SWUC-T-HA-10-01), China, Hubei Prov., Shiyan City, Zhushan Co., Liulin Township, Duheyuan Nature Reserve, 31°31′50″N, 110°0′29″E, elev. 1678 m, 19 September 2023, L.Y. Wang, et al. leg. Paratypes: 1♂ 4♀(SWUC-T-HA-10-02~06), same data as for holotype • 1♀ (SWUC-T-HA-10-07), Chongqing City, Wuxi Co., Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Linkouzi, Fenshuihe, 31°29′47″N, 109°55′33″E, elev. 1796 m, 13 April 2022, LY. Wang leg.

The specific name is derived from the Chinese word ‘e’ and ‘yu’, E is an abbreviated name for Hubei and Yu is an abbreviated name for Chongqing.

The new species resembles S. fanjingshan sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6 cf. Figs 2–4) in having a long, slender embolus, a large, membranous median apophysis, and long, spiral copulatory ducts, but the new species differs from the latter by the twisted RTA with small thorns (vs curved and without thorn in S. fanjingshan sp. nov.), the single patellar apophysis (vs two in S. fanjingshan sp. nov.) (Figs 2A–C, 3C–E cf. Figs 5A–C, 6C–E), the reniform spermathecae (Figs 2E, 3G, 4C cf. Figs 5E, 6G) (vs peanut-shaped in S. fanjingshan sp. nov.).

Figure 1. 

Living male specimen of Sinahahnia eyu sp. nov. (photo by Qian-Le Lu).

Figure 2. 

Sinahahnia eyu sp. nov. A–C holotype male D, E paratype female A left male palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, dorsal view D epigyne, ventral view E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CF = cymbial furrow; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; MA = median apophysis; PA = patellar apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Sp = spermatheca; Ss = secondary spermatheca.

Figure 3. 

Sinahahnia eyu sp. nov. A, C–E holotype male B, F, G paratype female A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C left male palp, ventral view D same, retrolateral view E same, dorsal view F epigyne, ventral view G same, dorsal view.

Figure 4. 

Sinahahnia eyu sp. nov., paratype female (SWUC-T-HA-10-07) A female habitus, dorsal view B epigyne, ventral view C same, dorsal view.

Male holotype (Fig. 3A) total length 1.88. Carapace 0.92 long, 0.73 wide; opisthosoma 0.99 long, 0.76 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.03, ALE 0.06, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.04, PME–PLE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.02. MOA 0.14 long, anterior width 0.09, posterior width 0.17. Clypeus height 0.09. Chelicerae with 2 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 2.49 (0.70, 0.78, 0.55, 0.46); II 2.29 (0.65, 0.78, 0.49, 0.37); III 1.92 (0.52, 0.56, 0.45, 0.39); IV 2.51 (0.75, 0.75, 0.56, 0.45).

Palp (Figs 2A–C, 3C–E). Patellar apophysis curved, short, about 1/3 length of patella, with sharp tip. RTA spiral, with some small thorns. Cymbial furrow as long as cymbium. Median apophysis membranous. Embolus originating at approximately 6-o’clock position, slender, curved along with bulb, its tip staying in cymbial furrow near embolic base.

One of the paratypes (SWUC-T-HA-10-02, Fig. 3B) total length 2.27. Carapace 0.97 long, 0.70 wide; opisthosoma 1.38 long, 1.08 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE, 0.08; AME–AME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.01. MOA 0.15 long, anterior width 0.11, posterior width 0.19. Clypeus height 0.07. Leg measurements: I 2.08 (0.57, 0.71, 0.42, 0.38); II 2.01 (0.60, 0.64, 0.39, 0.38); III 1.76 (0.51, 0.56, 0.36, 0.33); IV 2.33 (0.63, 0.76, 0.52, 0.42).

Epigyne and vulva (Figs 2D–E, 3F, G, 4B, C). Epigynal plate wider than long. Copulatory openings small, located mid-ventrally on epigynal plate. Copulatory ducts thin, long, wrapped three times around secondary spermathecae. Secondary spermathecae small, located anteriorly. Spermathecae reniform, more than twice as large as secondary spermathecae. Fertilization ducts spiral and hook-like.

Males (n = 2) total length 1.76–1.88; females (n = 5) total length 1.86–2.27.

China (Chongqing, Hubei) (Fig. 9).

Holotype ♂ (SWUC-T-HA-11-01), China, Guizhou Prov., Tongren City, Songtao Co., Wuluo Town, Fanjingshan Nature Reserve, near Maxi’ao Tunnel, 28°01′09″N, 108°45′24″E, elev. 1239 m, 11 October 2013, L.Y. Wang, D. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg. Paratypes: 1♂ 2♀ (SWUC-T-HA-11-02~04), with same data as for holotype • 12♀ (SWUC-T-HA-11-05~16), Fanjingshan Nature Reserve, Jinding, 27°54′29″N, 108°41′52″E, elev. 2214 m, 29 September 2013, L.Y. Wang, D. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg. • 1♀ (SWUC-T-HA-11-17), Fanjingshan Nature Reserve, Mianxuling, 27°54′32″N, 108°39′49″E, elev. 1974m, 30 September 2013, L.Y. Wang, D. Wang and X.K. Jiang leg. • 1♂ 2♀ (SWUC-T-HA-11-18~20), same data as for holotype except date, 5 October 2013.

The specific name is derived from the type locality; it is a noun in apposition.

The new species resembles S. eyu sp. nov. (Figs 2–4 cf. Figs 5, 6) in having a long, slender embolus, a large, membranous median apophysis, and long, spiral copulatory ducts, but the new species differs from the latter in having a curved RTA (vs twisted and with small thorns in S. eyu sp. nov.), a bifurcated patellar apophysis (vs single in S. eyu sp. nov.), a finger-shaped retrolateral patellar apophysis (vs absent in S. eyu sp. nov.) (Figs 5A–C, 6C–E cf. 2A–C, 3C–E), and a peanut-shaped spermathecae (vs reniform in S. eyu sp. nov.) (Figs 5E, 6G cf. 2E, 3G, 4C).

Figure 5. 

Sinahahnia fanjingshan sp. nov. A–C holotype male D, E paratype female A left male palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, dorsal view D epigyne, ventral view E vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CF. = cymbial furrow; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; MA = median apophysis; PA = patellar apophysis; RPA = retrolateral patellar apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; Sp = spermatheca; Ss = secondary spermatheca.

Male holotype (Fig. 6A) total length 1.65. Carapace 0.81 long, 0.57 wide; opisthosoma 0.77 long, 0.56 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.02, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.04, PME–PLE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.01. MOA 0.11 long, anterior width 0.04, posterior width 0.16. Clypeus height 0.12. Chelicerae with 1 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 2.19 (0.62, 0.72, 0.46, 0.39); II 1.96 (0.57, 0.62, 0.40, 0.37); III 1.80 (0.52, 0.56, 0.39, 0.33); IV 2.25 (0.63, 0.73, 0.50, 0.39).

Figure 6. 

Sinahahnia fanjingshan sp. nov. A, C–E holotype male B, F, G paratype female A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C left male palp, ventral view D same, retrolateral view E same, dorsal view F epigyne, ventral view G same, dorsal view.

Palp (Figs 5A–C, 6C–E). Patellar apophysis curved, short, about 1/3 length of patella, with a bifurcated end. Retrolateral patellar apophysis finger-shaped. RTA curved, as long as tibia. Cymbial furrow as long as cymbium. Median apophysis membranous. Embolus originating at approximately 6-o’clock position, slender, curved along with bulb, its tip staying in the cymbial furrow near embolic base.

One of the paratypes (SWUC-T-HA-11-02, Fig. 6B) total length 1.39. Carapace 0.69 long, 0.50 wide; opisthosoma 0.72 long, 0.53 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.02, ALE 0.04, PME 0.04, PLE, 0.06; AME–AME 0.01, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.02, ALE–PLE 0.01. MOA 0.09 long, anterior width 0.05, posterior width 0.15. Clypeus height 0.08. Leg measurements: I 1.59 (0.48, 0.51, 0.31, 0.29); II 1.46 (0.45, 0.46, 0.29, 0.26); III 1.33 (0.38, 0.42, 0.28, 0.25); IV 1.72 (0.53, 0.53, 0.37, 0.29).

Epigyne and vulva (Figs 5D, E, 6F, G). Epigynal plate wider than long. Copulatory ducts thin and long, wrapped three times around secondary spermathecae . Secondary spermathecae small, anteriorly located. Spermathecae peanut-shaped, more than twice as large as secondary spermathecae. Fertilization ducts small, hook-like.

Males (n=3) total length 1.65–1.94; females (n=17) total length 1.39–1.83.

Known only from the type locality in Guizhou, China (Fig. 9).

Holotype ♀ (SWUC-T-HA-12-01), China, Chongqing City, Wuxi Co., Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Guanshan, Shizhuzi, 31°32′15″N, 109°41′49″E, elev. 2147 m, 1 September 2020, Z.S. Zhang, L.Y. Wang, Y. Zhang and P. Liu leg. Paratypes: 8♀ (SWUC-T-HA-12-02~09), with same data as for holotype.

The specific name is derived from the type locality; it is a noun in apposition.

The new species resembles S. eyu sp. nov. (Figs 2–4 cf. Figs 7, 8) in having long and spiral copulatory ducts, but the new species differs from the latter in the large copulatory openings and the spherical spermathecae (vs small copulatory openings and reniform spermathecae in S. eyu sp. nov.) (Figs 7, 8B, C cf. Figs 2D–E, 3F, G, 4B, C).

Figure 7. 

Sinahahnia yintiaoling sp. nov., holotype female A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; Sp = spermatheca; Ss = secondary spermatheca.

Female holotype (Fig. 8A) total length 2.23. Carapace 1.01 long, 0.74 wide; opisthosoma 1.35 long, 1.04 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.03, ALE 0.06, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–PLE 0.01. MOA 0.17 long, anterior width 0.10, posterior width 0.18. Clypeus height 0.09. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 2.23 (0.66, 0.75, 0.43, 0.39); II 2.09 (0.65, 0.65, 0.42, 0.37); III 2.00 (0.58, 0.62, 0.41, 0.39); IV 2.51 (0.72, 0.81, 0.57, 0.41).

Figure 8. 

Sinahahnia yintiaoling sp. nov., holotype female A female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view.

Epigyne and vulva (Figs 7A, B, 8B, C). Epigynal plate wider than long. Copulatory openings small, located mid-ventrally on epigynal plate. Copulatory ducts thin, long, wrapped four times around secondary spermathecae. Secondary spermathecae small, anteriorly located. Spermathecae spherical, more than twice as large as secondary spermathecae. Fertilization ducts small, hook-like.

Male unknown.

Females (n=9) total length 2.06–2.23.

Known only from the type locality in Chongqing, China (Fig. 9).

Figure 9. 

Distribution of Sinahahnia in China.