Research Article |
Corresponding author: Yurii V. Dyachkov ( dyachkov793@mail.ru ) Academic editor: Alessandro Minelli
© 2024 Yurii V. Dyachkov, Lucio Bonato.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Dyachkov YuV, Bonato L (2024) An updated synthesis of the Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) of Asian Russia. ZooKeys 1198: 17-54. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1198.119781
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A comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on the Chilopoda Geophilomorpha of the Asian part of Russia is presented, based on the critical revision of all published morphological descriptions and all geographical records. Revised diagnoses for all the 38 nominal species so far reported from Asian Russia are given, with comments on their validity. Among them a total of 18 species are recorded only from this region and many of them from a single locality only. The species belong to Geophilidae s. l., (in the genera Arctogeophilus, Geophilus, Pachymerium, and Strigamia), Schendylidae (Escaryus), and Mecistocephalidae (Agnostrup, Arrup, and Tygarrup). At least two species have been introduced, namely Geophilus flavus and Tygarrup javanicus. The history of studies on the Geophilomorpha in the Asian part of Russia are also summarized.
Biodiversity, fauna, Geophilidae, Mecistocephalidae, Russian Far East, Schendylidae, Siberia
The fauna of Chilopoda Geophilomorpha of large part of the Palearctic region, especially the Asian part of Russia, is still badly understood in comparison with other regions. While the species recorded from Europe, including the European part of Russia, have been recently reviewed (
The present paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge of Geophilomorpha from Asian Russia, in order to promote and facilitate further taxonomic and faunistic investigations.
We searched the entire taxonomic, faunistic, and ecological literature, to the best of our abilities, to retrieve all taxonomic descriptions, morphological data, and occurrence records of Geophilomorpha from the Asian part of Russia.
For the taxonomy and nomenclature, we referred to
We referred the occurrence records to modern administrative units (Fig.
Administrative units of Asian Russia. Western Siberia: Chel – Chelyabinsk oblast, Sver – Sverdlovsk oblast, Kha – Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug, Yam – Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug, Kur – Kurgan oblast, Tyum – Tyumen oblast, Omsk – Omsk oblast, Tomsk – Tomsk oblast, Novos – Novosibirsk oblast, Altkr – Altai krai, RepAlt – Republic of Altai, Kem – Kemerovo oblast, Khak – Republic of Khakassia; Eastern Siberia: Tuva – Republic of Tuva, Krasn – Krasnoyarsk krai, Irkut – Irkutsk oblast, Buryat – Republic of Buryatia, Zabayk – Zabaykalsky krai, Sakha – Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); Far East: Amur – Amur oblast, Khabar – Khabarovsk krai, Magad – Magadan oblast, Chukot – Chukotka autonomous okrug, Kamch – Kamchatka krai, Jewish – Jewish autonomous oblast, Marit – Maritime krai, Sakh – Sakhalin oblast.
Families, genera within families, and species within genera are listed alphabetically (see also Table
Nominal species of Geophilomorpha reported from Asian Russia: i – anthropochore introduction, * – uncertain taxonomic validity, ! – known from Asian Russia only.
№ | Species | European Russia | Asian Russia | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Western Siberia | Eastern Siberia | Far East | |||
Family Geophilidae Leach, 1816 | |||||
Genus Arctogeophilus Attems, 1909 | |||||
1 | A. glacialis (Attems, 1909) | + | |||
2 | A. macrocephalus Folkmanová & Dobroruka, 1960 * | + | + | + | + |
3 | A. sachalinus Verhoeff, 1934 * ! | + | |||
Genus Geophilus Leach, 1814 | |||||
4 | G. bipartitus Takakuwa, 1937 ! | + | |||
5 | G. flavus (De Geer, 1778) | + | +i | + | |
6 | G. orientalis Sseliwanoff, 1881 * ! | + | |||
7 | G. proximus C.L. Koch, 1847 | + | + | ||
8 | G. rhomboideus Takakuwa, 1937 | + | |||
9 | G. sibiricus Stuxberg, 1876 * ! | + | |||
10 | G. sounkyoensis Takakuwa, 1937 | + | |||
Genus Pachymerium C.L. Koch, 1847 | |||||
11 | P. ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) | + | + | + | |
12 | P. pilosum (Meinert, 1870) * ! | + | + | ||
Genus Strigamia Gray, 1843 | |||||
13 | S. cf. acuminata (Leach, 1815) | + | + | ||
14 | S. alokosternum (Attems, 1927) | + | |||
15 | S. hirsutipes (Attems, 1927) * | + | |||
16 | S. pusilla (Sseliwanoff, 1884) | + | + | + | |
17 | S. sacolinensis (Meinert, 1870) * ! | + | |||
18 | S. sibirica (Sseliwanoff, 1881) * ! | + | |||
19 | S. sulcata (Sseliwanoff, 1881) * ! | + | |||
20 | S. cf. transsilvanica (Verhoeff, 1928) | + | + | ||
Family Mecistocephalidae Bollman, 1893 | |||||
Genus Agnostrup Foddai, Bonato, Pereira & Minelli, 2003 | |||||
21 | A. striganovae (Titova, 1975) ! | + | |||
Genus Arrup Chamberlin, 1912 | |||||
22 | A. dentatus (Takakuwa, 1934) | + | |||
23 | A. mamaevi (Titova, 1975) ! | + | |||
Genus Tygarrup Chamberlin, 1914 | |||||
24 | T. javanicus Attems, 1929 | +i | |||
Family Schendylidae Cook, 1896 | |||||
Genus Escaryus Cook & Collins, 1891 | |||||
25 | E. chadaevae Titova, 1973 | + | + | + | |
26 | E. chichibuensis Shinohara, 1955 * | + | |||
27 | E. dentatus Titova, 1973 * ! | + | |||
28 |
E. hirsutus |
+ | |||
29 | E. japonicus Attems, 1927 * | + | + | + | + |
30 | E. koreanus Takakuwa, 1937 * | + | + | + | |
31 | E. krivolutskiji Titova, 1973 * ! | + | |||
32 | E. molodovae Titova, 1973 * ! | + | |||
33 | E. perelae Titova, 1973 * ! | + | |||
34 | E. polygonatus Titova, 1973 * ! | + | |||
35 | E. retusidens Attems, 1904 | + | + | + | |
36 | E. sachalinus Takakuwa, 1935 | + | |||
37 | E. sibiricus Cook, 1899 ! | + | |||
38 | E. vitimicus Titova, 1973 * ! | + |
An asterisk (*) indicates nominal species whose taxonomic validity requires confirmation.
NHMD Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen;
Family Geophilidae Leach, 1816
Geophilids with head distinctly elongate; clypeal areas present, variously distinct; labral side-pieces almost touching medially; second maxillary coxosternite medially very short and poorly sclerotized, with statuminia, without anterior inner processes; second maxillary pretarsus claw-like; forcipular tergite distinctly narrower than subsequent tergite, with pleurites exposed dorsally; forcipular coxosternite relatively broad posteriorly, without anterior denticles, with chitin-lines short or absent, with coxopleural sutures subparallel in their anterior half; forcipular trochanteroprefemur distinctly elongate, with distal denticle; forcipular tarsungulum with basal denticle; trunk sternites without “carpophagus” structures; ventral pore-fields usually absent; metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment longer than wide; coxopleura usually with sparse pores; legs of the ultimate pair longer than the penultimate legs, often without pretarsus. See Table
Differences between species of the genus Arctogeophilus Attems, 1909 known from Asian Russia and adjacent territories.
Species | Characters | ||
---|---|---|---|
First maxillary lappets | Denticles on forcipular intermediate articles | Ventral pore-fields | |
A. glacialis (Attems, 1909) | short | slightly shorter than other denticles | absent |
A. macrocephalus Folkmanová & Dobroruka, 1960 | long | smaller than other denticles | on some anterior segments |
A. sachalinus Verhoeff, 1934 | long | absent | on some anterior segments |
A. attemsi Folkmanová, 1956 | long | absent | absent |
Geophilus (Arctogeophilus) glacialis
Arctogeophilus glacialis
–
Cryophilus alaskanus
Russia: Chukotka autonomous okrug: “Nunamo” (
Syntypes
: 7 specimens, including 3 males and 4 females. Deposited in
A species of Arctogeophilus with first maxillary lappets relatively short; denticles on all forcipular articles; denticles on the forcipular intermediate articles only slightly shorter than those on trochanteroprefemur and tarsungulum; 39 leg-bearing segments, possibly invariably; ventral pore-fields absent; pretarsus of ultimate legs absent.
Far East: Chukotka autonomous okrug (
The position of the locality “Nunamo” (indicated by
Arctogeophilus macrocephalus Folkmanová & Dobroruka, 1960: 1815.
Arctogeophilus
sp. –
Arctogeophilus macrocephalus
–
Russia: Republic of Tatarstan: Chistopolsky District: “Bliz s. Zmievo” (
Syntypes : 20 specimens. Depository unknown.
A species of Arctogeophilus with first maxillary lappets relatively long; denticles on all forcipular articles, those on intermediate articles smaller than those on trochanteroprefemur and tarsungulum; 35–43 leg-bearing segments; ventral pore-fields on some anterior segments; pretarsus of ultimate legs absent.
Western Siberia: Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, and Kemerovo oblasts, Altai krai, republics of Altai and Khakassia (
The type locality for A. macrocephalus has been sometimes reported erroneously in previous publications (e.g.,
Arctogeophilus sachalinus
Arctogeophilus sachalinus
–
Russia: Sakhalin oblast: “Insel Sachalin” (
Holotype : male. Depository unknown.
A species of Arctogeophilus with first maxillary lappets relatively long; forcipular denticles only on the trochanteroprefemur and tarsungulum, not on the intermediate articles; 39 leg-bearing segments, possibly invariably; ventral pore-fields on some anterior segments; pretarsus of ultimate legs absent.
Far East: Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin Isl.) (
It has been suggested that A. sachalinus could be a junior synonym of A. glacialis (Attems, 1909) (
Geophilids with head usually only slightly elongate; clypeal areas usually not distinct; labral side-pieces distinctly separated by an intermediate part; second maxillary coxosternite medially long and sclerotized, without both statuminia and anterior inner processes; second maxillary pretarsus claw-like or reduced; forcipular tergite approximately as broad as the subsequent tergite, covering most part of the pleurites; forcipular coxosternite usually wider than long, gradually narrowing posteriorly, without anterior denticles, with chitin-lines, with coxopleural sutures diverging anteriorly also in their anterior half; forcipular trochanteroprefemur only moderately elongate, usually without denticles; forcipular tarsungulum with at most a small basal denticle; trunk sternites often with “carpophagus” pits and often with ventral pore-fields, usually a transverse band on the posterior part of the sternite; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment usually wider than long; coxopleura with sparse ventral pores, most of them close to metasternite; pretarsus of ultimate leg pair claw-like or reduced. See Table
Differences between species of the genus Geophilus Leach, 1814 known from Asian Russia.
Species | Characters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leg-bearing segments | “Carpophagus” pits | Ventral pore-fields on the anterior metasternites | Coxal pores | Anal pores | |
G. bipartitus Takakuwa, 1937 | 35–39 | present | transverse diamond | all close to the margin of metasternite | present |
G. flavus (De Geer, 1778) | 37–61 | absent | transverse band | all close to the margin of metasternite | present |
G. orientalis Sseliwanoff, 1881 | 39 | ? | ? | on the ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura | present |
G. proximus C.L. Koch, 1847 | 45–55 | present | an entire posterior diamond | all close to the margin of metasternite | present |
G. rhomboideus Takakuwa, 1937 | 43–49 | present | transverse diamond | most pores close to the margin of metasternite and one pore located separately | present |
G. sibiricus Stuxberg, 1876 | 57–59 | ? | ? | on the ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura | absent |
G. sounkyoensis Takakuwa, 1937 | 55–57 | present | transverse band and sparse pores | most pores close to the margin of metasternite and one pore located separately | present |
Geophilus bipartitus
Geophilus bipartitus
–
Russia: Sakhalin oblast: Sakhalin Isl.: “Otako (Chikuka)” (see Remarks) (
Syntypes : unknown number of specimens, both sexes. Depository unknown.
A species of Geophilus with head slightly longer than wide, 35–39 leg-bearing segments; “carpophagus” pits present, up to as wide as the metasternites; ventral pore-fields present, an entire posterior diamond on the anterior metasternites, absent on most of the posterior metasternites, two paired posterior groups on the penultimate metasternite; metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment wider than long; a few coxal pores on each coxopleuron, all close to the margin of metasternite; pretarsus of ultimate leg pair claw-like; anal pores present.
Far East: Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin and Kurile Islands) (
The current identity and position of the locality “Otako (Chikuka)” (indicated by
Geophilus longicornis
Arthronomalus longicornis
–
Necrophloeophagus longicornis
–
Schizotaenia ornata
Folkmanová & Dobroruka, 1960: 1816 (synonymy by
Geophilus flavus
–
Unknown, possibly in France (
A species of Geophilus with head ~ 1.2× as long as wide; antennal articles ≤ 2× as long as wide; second maxillary pretarsus claw-like, longer than surrounding setae; forcipular trochanteroprefemur ~ 1.5× as long as wide; forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur, and tibia without denticles; tarsungulum bearing a small basal denticle; 37–61 leg-bearing segments; “carpophagus” pits absent; ventral pore-fields present, an entire transverse posterior band on the anterior metasternites, two paired posterior groups on the posterior metasternites; metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment wider than long; up to a dozen coxal pores on each coxopleuron, all close to the margin of metasternite; pretarsus of ultimate leg pair claw-like; anal pores present.
Western Siberia: Tomsk oblast (
The record from Western Siberia seems to be due to anthropochore introduction (
Geophilus orientalis
Geophilus orientalis
–
Russia: Khabarovsk krai: “Nikolaevsk na Amure” (
Holotype
: male. Deposited in
A species of Geophilus with head slightly longer than wide; forcipular coxosternite with short and wide denticles; all forcipular articles with small denticles, except the tarsungulum; 39 leg-bearing segments; metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment longer than wide, only slightly narrowing backwards; numerous coxal pores, on the ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura; anal pores present.
Far East: Khabarovsk krai (
The species was originally described under the genus Geophilus, but its taxonomic position is considered uncertain since
Geophilus proximus
–
Germany: near Regensburg (
A species of Geophilus with head slightly longer than wide; antennal articles ≤ ~ 1.5× as long as wide; second maxillary pretarsus claw-like, longer than surrounding setae; forcipular trochanteroprefemur slightly longer than wide; forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur, and tibia without denticles; forcipular tarsungulum bearing a small basal denticle; 45–55 leg-bearing segments; “carpophagus” pits present, up to as wide as the metasternites; ventral pore-fields present, an entire posterior diamond on the anterior metasternites, absent on the posterior metasternites; metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment wider than long; up to a dozen coxal pores on each coxopleuron, all close to the margin of metasternite; pretarsus of ultimate leg pair claw-like; anal pores present.
Western Siberia: “Western Siberia” (
Geophilus rhomboideus
Geophilus rhomboideus
–
Russia: Sakhalin oblast: “Sachalin (Tomaruoru (= Tomari сity, 47°45'N, 142°3'E), Maoka (= Kholmsk city, 47°02'N, 142°02'E), Sirutori (= Makarov сity, 48°37'N, 142°46'E))” (
Syntypes : unknown number of specimens, both sexes. Depository unknown.
A species of Geophilus with head approximately as long as wide; second maxillary pretarsus claw-like and relatively long; forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur, and tibia without denticles; forcipular tarsungulum bearing a small basal denticle; 43–49 leg-bearing segments; “carpophagus” pits present, up to as wide as the metasternites; ventral pore-fields present, an entire posterior diamond on the anterior metasternites; metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment wider than long; a few coxal pores on each coxopleuron, most of them close to the margin of metasternite and one pore located separately; pretarsus of ultimate leg pair claw-like; anal pores present.
Far East: Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin Isl.) (
Geophilus sibiricus
Geophilus sibiricus
–
Russia: Krasnoyarsk krai: “Krasnojarsk” (
Syntypes : 3 females. Depository unknown.
A species of Geophilus with head ~ 1.2× as long as wide; tarsungulum without basal denticle; 57–59 leg-bearing segments; more than a dozen coxal pores on each coxopleuron, both on the ventral and lateral sides; pretarsus of ultimate leg pair claw-like; anal pores absent.
Eastern Siberia: Krasnoyarsk krai (
The species was originally described under the genus Geophilus, but its taxonomic position was considered uncertain since
Geophilus sounkyoensis
Geophilus sounkyoensis
–
Japan: Hokkaido: “Sounkyo” (
Syntypes : unknown number of specimens, both sexes. Depository unknown.
A species of Geophilus with second maxillary pretarsus claw-like, longer than surrounding setae; forcipular trochanteroprefemur slightly longer than wide; forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur and tibia without denticles; forcipular tarsungulum bearing a small basal denticle; 55–57 leg-bearing segments; “carpophagus” pits present, up to as wide as the metasternites; ventral pore-fields present, an entire posterior band and other sparse pores on the anterior metasternites, absent on the posterior metasternites; metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment wider than long; a few coxal pores on each coxopleuron, most of them close to the margin of metasternite and one pore located separately; anal pores present.
Far East: Maritime krai (
Geophilids with head distinctly elongate; clypeal areas distinct; labral side-pieces distinctly separated by an intermediate part; second maxillary coxosternite medially long and sclerotized, without both statuminia and anterior inner processes; second maxillary pretarsus claw-like; forcipular tergite distinctly narrower than subsequent tergite, with pleurites exposed dorsally; forcipular coxosternite relatively broad posteriorly, with coxopleural sutures subparallel in their anterior half; forcipular trochanteroprefemur distinctly elongate, with distal denticle; chitin-lines present but short; forcipular tarsungulum with basal denticle; trunk sternites without “carpophagus” structures; ventral pore-fields present at least on the anterior part of the trunk, two paired anterior groups and a posterior entire transverse band on each sternite; metasternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment approximately as long as wide or longer than wide; coxopleura with sparse pores; legs of the ultimate pair with claw-like pretarsus. See Table
Differences between species of the genus Pachymerium C.L. Koch, 1847 known from Asian Russia.
Species | Characters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Chitin-lines | Denticle on forcipular tarsungulum | Leg-bearing segments | Ultimate metasternite: lateral margins | |
P. ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) | extending for most part of the length of the coxosternite | yes | 41–69 | distinctly converging posteriorly |
P. pilosum (Meinert, 1870) | very short | no | 45–49 | subparallel |
Geophilus ferrugineus
–
Pachymerium ferrugineum
–
Germany: Arklee, near Regensburg (
A species of Pachymerium with two paired clypeal areas; forcipular coxosternite with chitin-lines, which extend for most part of the length of the coxosternite, but do not reach the anterior margin; both forcipular trochanteroprefemur and tarsungulum with relatively small denticles; 41–69 leg-bearing segments; ventral pore-fields present, also on the posterior part of the trunk, where they are reduced to two paired posterior groups on each metasternite; ultimate metasternite trapezoidal, approximately as long as wide, distinctly tapering towards the posterior margin; all coxal pores sparse from the ventral to the dorsal sides of the coxopleura.
Western Siberia: Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, and Tomsk oblasts, Altai krai (
Geophilus pilosus
Geophilus pilosus
–
Geophilus (Pachymerium) pilosus
–
Pachymerium pilosum
–
Russia: Sakhalin oblast: “Sartung, paa Oen Sacolin” (
Syntypes : 2 specimens, both sexes. Deposited in NHMD.
A species of Pachymerium with forcipular coxosternite with very short chitin-lines; forcipular tarsungulum without denticle; 45–49 leg-bearing segments; ultimate metasternite narrow, with subparallel lateral edges; all coxal pores sparse from the ventral to the dorsal sides of the coxopleura.
Eastern Siberia: Krasnoyarsk krai, Irkutsk oblast (
The assignment of this nominal species to the genus Pachymerium is only tentative (
The current identity and position of the locality “Sartung” (indicated by
Geophilids with head slightly wider or as wide as long; clypeal areas absent; labrum without obviously distinct lateral parts; second maxillary coxosternite medially long and sclerotized, without both statuminia and anterior inner processes; second maxillary pretarsus relatively small, claw-like; forcipular tergite approximately as wide as the subsequent tergite, covering pleurites almost completely; forcipular coxosternite distinctly shorter than wide, without both anterior denticles and chitin-lines, with coxopleural sutures distinctly diverging also in their anterior half; forcipular trochanteroprefemur relatively stout, without denticle; forcipular tarsungulum with a relatively large basal denticle; trunk sternites without “carpophagus” structures; ventral pore-fields present, at least two paired ovoid posterior fields on each metasternite; coxal pores only on the ventral side of coxopleura, denser near the metasternite; leg of the ultimate pair usually with claw-like pretarsus. See Table
Differences between species of the genus Strigamia Gray, 1843 known from Asian Russia.
Species | Characters | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head | Forcipular tarsungula | Anterior sternites | Number of leg-bearing segments | Ultimate leg-bearing segment | ||||
Clypeal setae | Surpassing the anterior margin of the head | Margins of intermediate part | Size of basal denticle | Mid-longitudinal sclerotized stripe | Intercalary pleurites | Metasternite | ||
S. cf. acuminata (Leach, 1815) | three groups | no | variable | short | no | 37–43 | no | ca as long as wide |
S. alokosternum (Attems, 1927) | ? | no | subparallel | large | yes | 51–67 | yes | distinctly wider than long |
S. hirsutipes (Attems, 1927) | ? | no | gradually converging | short | ? | 39–53 | yes | longer than wide |
S. pusilla (Sseliwanoff, 1884) | ? | no | gradually converging | short | no | 33–39 | yes | as long as wide or longer than wide |
S. sacolinensis (Meinert, 1870) | ? | yes | ? | ? | no | 43–47 | ? | ? |
S. sibirica (Sseliwanoff, 1881) | ? | no | ? | ? | ? | 33–35 | ? | ? |
S. sulcata (Sseliwanoff, 1881) | ? | no | ? | ? | ? | 41–43 | ? | ? |
S. cf. transsilvanica (Verhoeff, 1928) | entire band | no | gradually converging | large | no | 43–57 | no | ca as long as wide |
Scolioplanes acuminatus
–
Strigamia acuminata
–
United Kingdom: “Roborough Down near Plymouth” and “Battersea fields” (
A species of Strigamia with clypeal setae arranged in an intermediate and two lateral groups; forcipular tarsungula not surpassing the anterior margin of the head; basal denticle of forcipular tarsungulum relatively short and with straight converging margins; 37–43 leg-bearing segments; metasternites of the anterior part of the trunk without a mid-longitudinal sclerotized stripe; ultimate leg-bearing segment with pleuropretergite entire, i.e., without distinct intercalary pleurites, and metasternite approximately as long as wide.
Far East: Amur oblast and Khabarovsk krai (
All records from Russian Far East need confirmation, as are the records from Japan and the Western part of North America, because of probable confusion with other species including S. chionophila Wood, 1862 (
Scolioplanes alokosternum
Scolioplanes alokosternum
–
Strigamia alokosternum
–
Japan: “Yamanaka, Suruga” and “Bukenji” (
Syntypes
: 2 specimens, both sexes. Deposited in
A species of Strigamia with forcipular tarsungula not surpassing the anterior margin of the head; basal denticle of forcipular tarsungulum relatively large; internal and external margins of forcipular tarsungulum subparallel in their intermediate part; 51–67 leg-bearing segments; metasternites of the anterior part of the trunk with a mid-longitudinal sclerotized stripe; ultimate leg-bearing segment with distinct intercalary pleurites, and metasternite distinctly wider than long.
Far East: Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin Isl.) (
Scolioplanes hirsutipes
Scolioplanes hirsutipes
–
Strigamia hirsutipes
–
Japan: “Kanagava”, “Yamanaka (Suruga)”, “Bukengi”, and Negishi” (
Syntypes
: ca 42 specimens, both sexes. Deposited in
A species of Strigamia with forcipular tarsungula not surpassing the anterior margin of the head; basal denticle of forcipular tarsungulum relatively short; internal and external margins of forcipular tarsungulum gradually converging through the entire length; 39–53 leg-bearing segments; ultimate leg-bearing segment with distinct intercalary pleurites and metasternite longer than wide.
Far East: Maritime krai, Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin Isl.) (
The taxonomic distinction of this nominal species from S. sacolinensis is uncertain.
Records from South-Eastern Asia are doubtful (
Scolioplanes pusillus
Scolioplanes pusillus
–
Scolioplanes perkeo
Scolioplanes pseudopusillus
Strigamia pusillus
–
Strigamia pusilla
–
Russia: Moscow oblast: “Zaraysk, Ryazanskoy Gubernii” (
Syntypes
: 11 specimens, including 4 males and 7 females. Deposited in
A species of Strigamia with forcipular tarsungula not surpassing the anterior margin of the head; basal denticle of forcipular tarsungulum relatively short, pointed, and with straight outlines; internal and external margins of forcipular tarsungulum gradually converging through the entire length; 33–39 leg-bearing segments; metasternites of the anterior part of the trunk without a mid-longitudinal sclerotized stripe; ultimate leg-bearing segment with distinct intercalary pleurites and metasternite as long as wide or longer than wide.
Western Siberia: Sverdlovsk oblast (
Scolioplanes sacolinensis
Scolioplanes sacolinensis
–
Strigamia sacolinensis
–
Russia: Sakhalin oblast: “Sartung paa Oen Sacalin” (
Holotype : female. Deposited in NHMD.
A species of Strigamia with forcipular tarsungula surpassing the anterior margin of the head; 43–47 leg-bearing segments; metasternites of the anterior part of the trunk without a mid-longitudinal sclerotized stripe.
Far East: Khabarovsk krai (
The current identity and position of the locality “Sartung” (indicated by
Scolioplanes sibiricus
Scolioplanes sibiricus
–
Linotaenia sibirica
–
Strigamia sibirica
–
Russia: Zabaykalsky krai: “Yablonoviy Khrebet” (
Syntypes
: 4 specimens, including 1 male and 3 females. Deposited in
A species of Strigamia with forcipular tarsungula not surpassing the anterior margin of the head; 33–35 leg-bearing segments.
Eastern Siberia: Zabaykalsky krai (
The distinction between this nominal species and S. pusilla is unclear (
Scolioplanes sulcatus
Scolioplanes sulcatus
–
Linotaenia sulcata
–
Strigamia sulcatus
–
Strigamia sulcata
–
Russia: Khabarovsk krai: “Nikolaevsk-na-Amure” (
Syntypes
: 3 specimens, including 2 males and 1 female. Deposited in
A species of Strigamia with forcipular tarsungula not surpassing the anterior margin of the head; 41–43 leg-bearing segments.
Far East: Khabarovsk krai (
The distinction between this nominal species and many other congeneric species is unclear (
Scolioplanes transsilvanicus
Scolioplanes transsilvanicus
–
Strigamia transsilvanicus
–
Strigamia transsilvanica
–
Strigamia cf. transsilvanica
–
Romania: “Hermannstadt” = Sibiu. Slovenia: “Gottschee” = Kocevje. Austria: “Ostalpen” = Eastern Alps; “Hermagor”; “Arlberg”. Italy: “Schneelagern am Schlüsseljoch beim Brenner” = Colle della Chiave, near Brennero. Slovakia: “Tatra-Höhlenhain” = Tatranska Kotlina. Germany: “Titisee”. Switzerland: “Pilatus Kulm” (
A species of Strigamia with clypeal setae uniformly spaced in a continuous array, without recognizable gaps between intermediate and lateral groups of setae; forcipular tarsungula not surpassing the anterior margin of the head; basal denticle of forcipular tarsungulum relatively large and with distinctly curved outlines; internal and external margins of forcipular tarsungulum gradually converging through the entire length; 43–57 leg-bearing segments; metasternites of the anterior part of the trunk without a mid-longitudinal sclerotized stripe; ultimate leg-bearing segment with pleuropretergite entire, i.e., without distinct intercalary pleurites, and metasternite approximately as long as wide.
Western Siberia: Altai krai (
Strigamia transsilvanica belongs to a species complex whose taxonomy is only partially resolved (
Family Mecistocephalidae Bollman, 1893
Mecistocephalids with head moderately longer than wide; two clypeal plagulae, separated by a mid-longitudinal areolate stripe and extending to the lateral margins of the clypeus; cephalic pleurites without both spiculum and setae; first maxillary coxosternite medially divided by a sulcus, without antero-lateral corners; second maxillary coxosternite medially undivided, with the grooves from the metameric pores reaching the posterior corners; second maxillary telopodites relatively small, not distinctly overreaching the first maxillary telopodites, without pretarsus; forcipular tergite distinctly wider than long, without a distinct mid-longitudinal sulcus; forcipular trochanteroprefemur with only a distal denticle, tarsungulum with a basal denticle; invariably 41 leg-bearing segments; sternites with non-furcate mid-longitudinal sulcus and without pore-fields; legs of the ultimate pair ending with a short spine. See Table
Differences between members of the family Mecistocephalidae Bollman, 1893 known from Asian Russia.
Species | Characters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clypeal plagulae | First maxillary coxosternite: mid-longitudinal sulcus | Second maxillary telopodites surpassing first maxillary telopodites | Second maxillary pretarsus | Denticle on forcipular tarsingulum | Denticles on forcipular intermediate articles | Leg-bearing segments | |
Agnostrup striganovae (Titova, 1975) | two, extending to lateral margins of clypeus | yes | no | no | yes | small bulges | 41 |
Arrup dentatus (Takakuwa, 1934) | two, not extending to lateral margins of clypeus | no | no | yes | yes | large on tibia | 41 |
Arrup mamaevi (Titova, 1975) | two, not extending to lateral margins of clypeus | no | no | no | yes | small bulges | 41 |
Tygarrup javanicus Attems, 1929 | single, extending to lateral margins of clypeus | yes | yes | yes | no | tibia with denticle | 45 |
Krateraspis striganovae
Krateraspis striganovae
–
Agnostrup striganovae
–
Russia: Maritime krai: “Sudzuhinsky Zapovednik, Tachingauz” (
Holotype
: male. Deposited in
An Agnostrup species with body length reaching ≥ 3 cm; clypeal plagulae with an irregular anterior margin and slightly smaller than the areolate part of the clypeus; many setae near the anterior margin of plagulae and on the center of the areolate part of the clypeus; forcipular trochanteroprefemur 1.3× as long as wide, both forcipular femur and tibia with small bulges.
Far East: Maritime krai (
Mecistocephalids with head moderately longer than wide; two clypeal plagulae, separated by a mid-longitudinal areolate stripe and not extending to the lateral margins of the clypeus; cephalic pleurites without both spiculum and setae; first maxillary coxosternite medially undivided, without antero-lateral corners; second maxillary coxosternite medially undivided, with the grooves from the metameric pores reaching the posterior corners; second maxillary telopodites relatively small, not distinctly overreaching the first maxillary telopodites, usually without pretarsus; forcipular tergite distinctly wider than long, without a distinct mid-longitudinal sulcus; forcipular trochanteroprefemur with only a distal denticle, tarsungulum with a basal denticle; invariably 41 leg-bearing segments; sternites with non-furcate mid-longitudinal sulcus and without pore-fields; legs of the ultimate pair ending with a short spine. See Table
Prolamnonyx dentatus
Prolamnonyx dentatus
–
Prolamnonyx dentatus
–
Arrup dentatus
–
Japan: Hokkaido: “Zyôzankei (bei Sapporo)” (
Unknown number of specimens, possibly lost (
An Arrup species with body reaching ≥ 2 cm; second maxillary pretarsi present (see Remarks); forcipular trochanteroprefemur with a large distal denticle, tibia with large denticle, tarsungulum with pointed basal denticle.
Far East: Maritime krai, Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin and Kuril Islands: Shikotan) (
The name Prolamnonyx dentatus was validly introduced by
Prolamnonyx mamaevi
Prolamnonyx holstii
–
Prolamnonyx mamaevi
–
Arrup mamaevi
–
Russia: Maritime krai: “Primorsky Kray, zapovednik Kedrovaya Pad”, Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, ca 43°05'N, 131°30'E, (
Holotype
: female. Deposited in
An Arrup species with body length reaching ≥ 3 cm; second maxillary pretarsi absent; forcipular trochanteroprefemur with a large distal denticle, both femur and tibia with small bulges, tarsungulum with pointed basal denticle.
Far East: Maritime krai (
The holotype had been previously assigned to Prolamnonyx holstii (Pocock, 1895) by
Mecistocephalids with head distinctly longer than wide; clypeus with an entire plagula, without mid-longitudinal areolate stripe and extending to the lateral margins of the clypeus; cephalic pleurites without both spiculum and setae; first maxillary coxosternite medially divided by a sulcus, without antero-lateral corners; second maxillary coxosternite medially undivided, with the grooves from the metameric pores reaching the lateral margins; second maxillary telopodites distinctly overreaching the first maxillary telopodites, with claw-like pretarsus; forcipular tergite only slightly wider than long, without a distinct mid-longitudinal sulcus; forcipular trochanteroprefemur with only a distal denticle, tarsungulum without denticle; invariably 43 or 45 leg-bearing segments; sternites with non-furcate mid-longitudinal sulcus and sometimes with pore-fields; legs of the ultimate pair ending with a short spine. See Table
Tygarrup javanicus
Tygarrup javanicus
–
Indonesia: Java: “Buitenzorg”, “Tjibodas” and “Tjompea” (
A Tygarrup species with body length ≤ 2 cm; no distinct dark patches along the body; second maxillary pretarsus with a long slender point; both forcipular trochanteroprefemur and tibia with denticles; invariably 45 leg-bearing segments; ventral pore-fields absent in females, present in males; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment slightly wider than long.
Western Siberia: Altai krai (
The species is regarded as an anthropochore introduction in Asian Russia (
Family Schendylidae Cook, 1896
Schendylids with head slightly longer than wide; antennae gradually tapering; labrum with distinct denticles in the intermediate part; first maxillae with lappets; second maxillary pretarsi fringed by two rows of filaments; forcipular tergite narrower than subsequent tergite; ventral pore-fields absent; coxal pores numerous and scattered; legs of the ultimate pair with two tarsal articles and claw-like pretarsus, swollen in adult males and slender in females; gonopods biarticulated in both sexes. See Table
Differences between species of the genus Escaryus Cook & Collins, 1891 known from Asian Russia.
Species | Characters | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labrum | First maxillae: pairs of lappets | Denticles on forcipular articles | Leg-bearing segments | Ultimate leg-bearing segment: metasternite: shape, length/width | Anal pores | |||||
Margin | Denticles | Trochanteroprefemur | Femur | Tibia | Tarsungulum | |||||
E. chadaevae Titova, 1973 | shallow | short and obtuse | 1 | small bulge | small bulge | large bulge | large denticle | 33–35 | trapezoid, < 1 | absent |
E. chichibuensis Shinohara, 1955 | shallow | short and obtuse | 1 | small bulge | small bulge | small bulge | no | 35–39 | trapezoid, ~ 1 | present |
E. dentatus Titova, 1973 | shallow | short and obtuse | 1 | large | small | small | large | 37–39 | trapezoid, > 1 | present |
E. hirsutus |
deep | long and obtuse | 1 | large bulge | large bulge | large bulge | large bulge | 37–39 | rectangular, 1.5 | present |
E. japonicus Attems, 1927 | shallow | long and obtuse | 1 | small | small bulge | small bulge | small bulge | 43–55 | rectangular, 2 | present |
E. koreanus Takakuwa, 1937 | shallow | long, middle denticles obtuse, lateral ones pointed | 1 | small | no | no | small bulge | 43–55 | rectangular, 2 | present |
E. krivolutskiji Titova, 1973 | deep | short and obtuse | 1 | large bulge | small bulge | large bulge | small bulge | 45–49 | trapezoid, ~ 1 | present |
E. molodovae Titova, 1973 | shallow | short and obtuse | 1 | small | small | small | large | 35 | trapezoid, ~ 1 | present |
E. perelae Titova, 1973 | shallow | short and obtuse | 1 | small | no | small | large | 39–43 | trapezoid, < 1 | present |
E. polygonatus Titova, 1973 | deep | short and obtuse | 1 | small bulge | small bulge | small bulge | no | 39 | trapezoid, 1.5 | present |
E. retusidens Attems, 1904 | deep | long and obtuse | 1 | small | small | small | small bulge | 49–55 | trapezoid, ~ 1 | absent |
E. sachalinus Takakuwa, 1935 | deep | short and obtuse | ? | small | small | small | no | 35–39 | rectangular, 1.5 | present |
E. sibiricus Cook, 1899 | shallow | middle denticles obtuse, lateral ones long and pointed | 2 | small bulge | no | no | no | 49–51 | rectangular, 2 | absent |
E. vitimicus Titova, 1973 | shallow | long and obtuse | 1 | small bulge | small bulge | small bulge | small bulge | 37 | rectangular, 1.5 | present |
Escaryus chadaevae
Escaryus chadaevae
–
Russia: Kemerovo oblast: “Prokopyevsky i Novokuznetsky r-ny” (
Holotype
: female. Paratypes: 10 specimens, including 5 males and 5 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 1.5 cm; clypeus without plagulae; labral arc relatively shallow, with denticles short and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur and femur with small bulges, tibia with a large bulge, tarsungulum with a large basal denticle; 33–35 leg-bearing segments; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment trapezoid, distinctly wider than long; coxal pores only on the ventral side of coxopleura; anal pores absent.
Western Siberia: Kemerovo oblast, Republic of Altai (
Escaryus chichibuensis
Escaryus chichibuensis
–
Japan: Honshu: Saitama Prefecture: “Chichibu (Mt. Kumotori, Kasatori pass, Mt. Kobushi, Kabagoya-ato, Karisaka pass, Jumonji pass, Mt. Shiraiwa, Mt. Mae-Shiraiwa” (
Syntypes : unknown number of specimens, both sexes. Depository unknown.
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 2 cm; clypeus with small plagulae; labral arc relatively shallow, with denticles short and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur, and tibia with small bulges, tarsungulum without bulge; 35–39 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively sparse setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment trapezoid, approximately as long as wide; coxal pores on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura; anal pores present.
Far East: Sakhalin oblast (Kuril Islands: Kunashir and Shikotan) (
Escaryus dentatus
Escaryus dentatus
–
Russia: Maritime krai: “Suputinsky zapovednik” = Ussuriysky Nature Reserve, ca 43°40'N, 132°32'E, and “Kedrovaya Pad” (both
Holotype
: female. Paratypes: 11 specimens, including 6 males and 5 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 2 cm; clypeus without plagulae (polygonal structure poorly visible, but recognizable); labral arc relatively shallow, with denticles short and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur and tarsungulum with large denticles, femur and tibia with small denticles; 37–39 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively sparse setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment trapezoid, slightly longer than wide; coxal pores on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura; anal pores present.
Far East: Maritime krai (
Escaryus hirsutus
Escaryus hirsutus
–
Russia: Sakhalin oblast: “O-v Sakhalin, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, gora Chekhova” (
Holotype: female. Paratypes: 10 specimens, including 5 males and 5 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 2.5 cm; clypeus with large plagulae; labral arc relatively deep, with denticles long and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; all forcipular articles with large bulges; 37–39 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively dense setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment almost rectangular, ~ 1.5× as long as wide; coxal pores on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura; anal pores present.
Far East: Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin Isl.) (
Escaryus japonicus
Escaryus japonicus
–
Japan: Hokkaido: “Todohokhe” (
Syntypes
: 2 specimens, including a male and a juvenile. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 4.3 cm; clypeus with large plagulae; labral arc relatively shallow, with denticles long and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur with a small distal denticle, all other articles with very small bulges; 43–55 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively sparse setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment rectangular, ~ 2× as long as wide; coxal pores of similar size, on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura; anal pores present.
Western Siberia: Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, and Kemerovo oblasts, republics of Altai and Khakassia (
The record from the Krasnoyarsk krai by
Escaryus koreanus
Escaryus koreanus
–
North Korea: “Husenzan” (
Syntypes : unknown number of specimens, both sexes. Depository unknown.
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 6.5 cm; clypeus with large plagulae; labral arc relatively shallow, with long denticles, the middle denticles obtuse, the lateral ones pointed; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur with an small obtuse denticle, femur and tibia without denticles, tarsungulum with a small basal bulge; 43–55 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively dense setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment rectangular, ~ 2× as long as wide; coxal pores of different size, on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura, including a pair of much larger pores on each coxopleuron; anal pores present.
Western Siberia: Altai krai, republics of Altai and Khakassia, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, and Tomsk oblasts (
Escaryus krivolutskiji
Escaryus krivolutskiji
–
Russia: Maritime krai: “Suputinsky zapovednik” = Ussuriysky Nature Reserve, ca 43°40'N, 132°32'E, and “Kangauz” = Anisimovka Village, ca 43°10'N, 132°47'E and “Kedrovaya Pad” = Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, ca 43°05'N, 131°30'E, (all
Holotype
: male. Paratypes: 10 specimens, including 5 males and 5 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 2 cm; clypeus without plagulae; labral arc relatively deep, with denticles short and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur and tibia with large bulges, femur and tarsungulum with small bulges; 45–49 leg-bearing segments; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment trapezoid, approximately as long as wide; coxal pores on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura, the pair of largest pores close to inner edge of coxopleura; anal pores present.
Far East: Maritime krai (
Escaryus molodovae
Escaryus molodovae
–
Russia: Sakhalin oblast: “O-v Sakhalin, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, gora Chekhova” (
Holotype
: male. Paratypes: 8 specimens, including 5 males and 3 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 1.4 cm: clypeus with small plagulae; labral arc relatively shallow, with denticles short and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur and tibia with small denticles; forcipular tarsungulum with a large, pointed basal denticle; 35 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively sparse setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment trapezoid, approximately as long as wide; coxal pores only on the ventral side of coxopleura; anal pores present.
Far East: Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin Isl.) (
Escaryus perelae
Escaryus perelae
–
Russia: Maritime krai: “Suputinsky zapovednik” = Ussuriysky Nature Reserve, ca 43°40'N, 132°32'E, and “Rayon r. Sinancha” = near Cheremukhovaya River, inflow of Dzhigitovka River, ca 44°50'N, 136°07'E (both
Holotype
: female. Paratypes: 6 specimens, including 2 males and 4 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 2 cm; clypeus with small plagulae; labral arc relatively shallow, with denticles short and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur and tibia with small denticles, femur without denticle, tarsungulum with a large basal denticle; 39–43 leg-bearing segments; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment trapezoid, distinctly wider than long; most of coxal pores on the ventral side of coxopleura, mostly close to metasternite; anal pores present.
Far East: Amur oblast, Maritime and Khabarovsk krais (
Escaryus polygonatus
Escaryus polygonatus
–
Russia: Maritime krai: “Suputinsky zapovednik” = Ussuriysky Nature Reserve, ca 43°40'N, 132°32'E, and “Kedrovaya Pad” = Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, ca 43°05'N, 131°30'E, (both
Holotype
: male. Paratypes: 17 specimens, including 9 males and 8 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 2.8 cm; clypeus with small plagulae; labral arc relatively deep, with denticles short and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur, and tibia with small bulges; forcipular tarsungulum without denticle; 39 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively sparse setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment trapezoid, ~ 1.5× as long as wide; coxal pores of different size, on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura; anal pores present.
Far East: Maritime krai (
Escaryus retusidens
Escaryus retusidens
–
Kyrgyzstan: Issyk-Kul Region: “Przewalsk” (
Syntypes
: 4 specimens, including 2 males and 2 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 4 cm; clypeus with small plagulae; labral arc relatively deep, with denticles long and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur, and tibia with small denticles, tarsungulum with a small bulge; 49–55 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively sparse setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment trapezoid, approximately as long as wide; coxal pores on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura; anal pores absent.
Western Siberia: Altai krai, Republic of Altai, and Kemerovo oblast (
A total of 19 males and 26 females collected from Trans-Ili Alatau (Almaty Region of Kazakhstan) were indicated by
Escaryus sachalinus
Escaryus sachalinus
–
Russia: Sakhalin oblast: “Sachalin” = Sakhalin Isl. Japan: Hokkaido Isl.: “Sapporo” (both
Syntypes : 3 specimens. Depository unknown.
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 3 cm; clypeus without plagulae; labral arc relatively deep, with denticles short and obtuse; first maxillae with lappets; all forcipular articles with small denticles, except tarsungulum; 35–39 leg-bearing segments; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment rectangular, ~ 1.5× as long as wide; numerous coxal pores on ventral side of coxopleuron; anal pores present.
Far East: Sakhalin oblast (Sakhalin Isl.) (
Escaryus sibiricus
Escaryus sibiricus
–
Russia: Maritime krai: “Vladivostock” (
Syntypes
: 12 specimens, both sexes, including 10 specimens deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching 6.5 cm; labral arc relatively shallow, with middle denticles obtuse and lateral ones long and pointed; first maxillae with two pairs of lappets; forcipular trochanteroprefemur with a small distal bulge, other forcipular articles without denticles; 49–51 leg-bearing segments; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment rectangular, ~ 2× as long as wide; coxal pores of different size, on both ventral and lateral sides, including a pair of much larger ventral pores on each coxopleuron; anal pores absent.
Far East: Maritime krai (
Escaryus vitimicus
Escaryus vitimicus
–
Russia: Republic of Buryatia: “r. Vitim, Aniboli” (
Holotype
: female. Paratypes: 3 specimens, including 1 male and 2 females. Deposited in
An Escaryus species with body length reaching ≥ 2.7 cm; clypeus with large plagulae; labral arc relatively shallow, with denticles long and obtuse; first maxillae with one pair of lappets; all forcipular articles with small bulges; 37 leg-bearing segments; metasternites with relatively sparse setae; metasternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment rectangular, ~ 1.5× as long as wide; coxal pores on both ventral and lateral sides of coxopleura, the largest pores near the metasternite; anal pores present.
Eastern Siberia: Republic of Buryatia (
During ecological studies (
Arctogeophilus sp. –
Geophilus sp. –
Pachymerium sp. –
Scolioplanes sp. –
Strigamia sp. –
Prolamnonyx sp. –
Escaryus sp. –
The first record of Geophilomorpha from Asian Russia was published by
Other records of Geophilidae were provided by
The first record of Strigamia Gray, 1843 from Asian Russia was published by
The first record of the family Mecistocephalidae was published by
The first species of Escaryus Cook & Collins, 1891 (Schendylidae), E. sibiricus, was described by
The published records of Geophilomorpha from Asian Russia refer to 38 nominal species, arranged in eight genera (Table
The records of Tygarrup javanicus and Geophilus flavus from hothouses in Western Siberia by
Other species require confirmation from Asian Russia. The records of Strigamia acuminata from Far East and S. transsilvanica from Western Siberia and Far East are dubious because of possible confusion with other species (
Our synthesis of all published information on Geophilomorpha from Asian Russia shows that the knowledge of this fauna is very far from being satisfactory. We hope that this work may provide a background reference and will prompt further investigations.
The authors would like to thank Elena V. Mikhaljova (Vladivostok, Russia), László Dányi (Budapest, Hungary), Ivan H. Tuf (Olomouc, Czech Republic), Carlos Martínez (Turku, Finland), Ryosuke Kuwahara (Inzai-shi, Japan), Taro Jonishi and Takafumi Nakano (Kyoto, Japan) for providing literature. We are grateful to S.I. Golovatch and A. Schileyko (both Moscow, Russia) who provided useful information on the repository of Titova’s type material. We wish to thank Konomi Nagashima (Tokyo, Japan) and Ryosuke Kuwahara for their help with Japanese texts, and Mariia Iuzhakova (Tomsk, Russia) who checked the English of an early draft. We also thank Luis Pereira (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and Ivan H. Tuf for their careful review of the manuscript.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
No funding was reported.
All authors have contributed equally.
Yurii V. Dyachkov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9256-9306
Lucio Bonato https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-7570
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.