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Clavigeritae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) of the Arabian Peninsula with the description of a new species of Corynotopsis Jeannel, 1951 from Oman
expand article infoPeter Hlaváč‡, Petr Baňař‡, Dominik Stočes‡
‡ Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic

Corresponding author: Petr Baňař ( petrbanar@seznam.cz )

Academic editor: Adam Brunke
© 2024 Peter Hlaváč, Petr Baňař, Dominik Stočes.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Hlaváč P, Baňař P, Stočes D (2024) Clavigeritae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) of the Arabian Peninsula with the description of a new species of Corynotopsis Jeannel, 1951 from Oman. ZooKeys 1198: 173-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1198.119152
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C840CCE9-A697-4AEB-85D8-6E3DD33B1D7F
Open Access

Abstract

Corynotopsis omanicus sp. nov. of the myrmecophilous supertribe Clavigeritae is described from Oman. The type series was collected at night and the ant host species remains unknown. Corynotopsis scotti Jeannel, 1951 is newly recorded for Yemen, and Commatocerus concinnus Besuchet & Cuccodoro, 2011 for Oman. Lasius Fabricius, 1804 and Lepisiota Santschi, 1926 are, for the first time, determined as hosts of the latter species. The problematic taxonomic status of Corynotopsis scotti is discussed. A distribution map of all Clavigeritae known from the Arabian Peninsula is provided.

Key words

Articerodes, Commatocerus, new country records, rove beetles, taxonomy

Introduction

The obligate myrmecophilous supertribe Clavigeritae is very poorly represented on the Arabian Peninsula. To date only three genera with three species have been recorded from this vast area. Articerodes syriacus Saulcy, 1865 is a widespread species, known from Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen (Socotra I.) and Ethiopia (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Commatocerus concinnus Besuchet & Cuccodoro, 2011 was described from Ras Al Khaimah (United Arab Emirates), and Corynotopsis scotti Jeannel, 1951 originally described from Ethiopia, and later recorded from Saudi Arabia (Besuchet 1999), is here recorded from Yemen.

The aim of this paper is to provide a synopsis of Clavigeritae of the Arabian Peninsula with the description of a new species, Corynotopsis omanicus sp. nov., as well as to provide new records and the host ant association for Commatocerus concinnus.

Material and methods

Specimens prepared for the morphological study were examined with a Leica S8APO stereoscopic microscope with diffuse lighting at magnifications up to 128×. Habitus images were taken with a Canon EOS 6D in combination with a Canon MP-E65 1–5× macro lens; final images were composed from partial photographs using Helicon Focus 7.0. and post-processed in Adobe Photoshop 2020.

The aedeagi were studied using a Zeiss transmitted-light microscope at magnifications up to ×500. They were dissected and preserved in Euparal on plastic label pinned together with the specimen. All drawings were made using a drawing tube.

The head length was measured from the occipital constriction to the anterior margin of the frontal rostrum; head width was measured across the eyes; elytral length was measured along the suture; width means maximum width of pronotum, elytra, etc. The body length is a combined length of the head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen. The length of basal and apical parts of the median lobe were measured in dorsal view.

The terminology applied here follows Chandler (2001), except we use ‘ventrite’ instead of ‘sternite’ when discussing ventral thoracic structures. Paired structures are treated as singular. The description is for males; the differences for females are treated in the sexual dimorphism section.

Label data are cited verbatim, with slashes (/) separating lines of text. The comments of the authors are in square brackets. All labels of the studied material are printed. All type specimens were provided with the following red printed label: HOLOTYPE or PARATYPE, Corynotopsis omanicus sp. nov., P. Hlaváč det., 2023.

Specimens studied herein are deposited at the following institutes and collections:

MHNG Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland

MMBC Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic

NMPC National Museum (Natural History), Prague, Czech Republic

PCJP private collection of Jan Pelikán, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.

PCJV private collection of Jaroslav Větrovec, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.

PCPH private collection of Peter Hlaváč, Prague, Czech Republic.

PCTK private collection of Tomáš Kopecký, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.

Taxonomy

Corynotopsis omanicus sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/661F1795-811C-4B6B-8535-1E33032B6D12
Figs 1A, 2A, B

Type material

Holotype , ♂: Oman: one label “OMAN, DHOFAR PR. / 18 km NW of Sadah / near Lagga Shalyon / 422 m / 17°11'10.046"N, 54°56'34.295"E / Větrovec J. leg. 20.9.2022“ [white, printed] (NMPC). Paratypes (8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀): 2 ♂♂: same data as for holotype. (PCJV, PCPH). 1 ♂: one label “OMAN – DHOFAR PR. / E of Aytin, Wadi Hinnah / wadi - Baobab Forest 300 m / 17°3'12.964"N, 54°36'32.143"E / Větrovec J. leg. 21.9.2022” [white, printed] (PCJV). 1 ♀: one label “Oman, 21.9.2022, Dhofar / Govern. E of Aytin, Wadi / Hinnah, wadi - Baobab Forest / 17.0536011°N, 54.6089286°E, / Lgt. T. Kopecký, 300 m” [white, printed] (PCTK). 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀: two labels “S Oman, Dhofar Gov. / Sadah, 18 km NW / 20.9.2022 / lgt. Jan Pelikan” [white, printed], “near Lagga Shalyon / 17°11'10.046"N, 54°56'34.295"Е wadi / at UV light“ [white, printed] (PCJP, PCPH, NMPC, MMBC).

Diagnosis

Head lacking frontal and vertexal foveae; clypeus massive, well-visible on sides as well as in front of rostrum; eyes prominent; disc of venter part of head smooth, sides with rugose surface, posterior tentorial pits separated; antennae hexamerous; antennomere 3 and 4 subequal; terminal antennomere longest, cylindrical, about five times as long as 5 and three times as long as wide; pronotum lacking antebasal median foveae, with weakly-defined lateral fovea; lacking sulci; elytra lacking basal foveae, with short discal and sutural striae; lateral posterior margin with weak, short trichome; abdomen with basal basin of composite tergite transverse, almost entire but with two small protrusions forming two, small lateral lodges; first visible sternite (III) about half as long as second (IV), sternites (IV–VII) with median impression; legs stout; mesofemur with basal bifurcate thorn; mesotibia with predistal spine; aedeagus about 2.20 times as long as wide; dorsal circular diaphragm well-defined.

Description

Body (Fig. 1A) length 2.20–2.30 mm, maximum width of elytra about 0.80–0.85 mm; reddish-brown, elytra slightly lighter, head and pronotum with rugose structure, elytra shiny with sparse short setae, abdomen shiny, glabrous.

Figure 1. 

Dorsal habitus A Corynotopsis omanicus sp. nov., holotype male B Corynotopsis scotti, male C Corynotopsis sp., female. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Head elongate, about 1.20–1.25 times as long as wide; lacking frontal and vertexal foveae; frontal lateral margins parallel, rostrum narrow, expanded anteriad; clypeus massive, well-visible on sides as well as in front of rostrum; eyes prominent; temples slightly longer than length of eyes and slightly convergent posteriad. Disc of venter part of head smooth, sides with rugose surface, with separated posterior tentorial pits; well-separated gular plate shagreened.

Antenna hexamerous, about 0.5 mm long, slightly longer than head; scape minuscule, completely hidden in antennal cavity; antennomere 2 larger than scape and antennomere 3, slightly expanded distad, partly hidden in antennal cavity; antennomere 3 and 4 subequal, about as long as 2; 5 about as long as wide, 1.5 times as long as 4, strongly expanded distad; terminal antennomere longest, cylindrical, about five times as long as 5 and about three times as long as wide.

Pronotum 1.08–1.13 times as wide as long, about as long as head, widest before midlength, strongly convergent anteriad, slightly convergent posteriad; posterior margin triangular; lacking antebasal median foveae, with weakly-defined lateral fovea; lacking sulci.

Elytra 1.40–1.45 times as wide as long, 1.50–1.60 times as long as pronotum; lacking basal foveae, with short discal and sutural striae, almost reaching anterior third of elytral length; lateral posterior margin with weak, short trichome, sutural posterior margin with one long setae.

Mesoventrite shorter than metaventrite; mesocoxae narrowly separated by confluent posterior mesoventral and anterior metaventral process, isthmus about 0.25 diameter of mesocoxa, mesoventrite with median carina; metaventral disc with short setae, lacking trichome-like macrosetae, elevated, with medium, short, acute spine, in posterior third with large impression; posterior metaventral process wide, with slightly concave margin.

Abdomen long, 1.50–1.60 times as long as and 1.08–1.12 times as wide as elytra; basal basin of composite tergite transverse, almost entire but with two small protrusions forming two, small lateral lodges, basal basin long, in middle its posterior margin reaching half of length of composite tergite length; with lateral trichome born at foot of edge of paratergite I and directed mesad; with three, almost confluent paratergites, paratergite I and II with weakly-defined trichome on upper edge. First visible sternite (III) about half as long as second (IV), third and fourth (V–VI) about as long as first (III), fifth (VII) longer than fourth VI, sternites (IV–VII) with median impression.

Legs stout, all tibiae distally expanded; all femora and tibiae with interlocking ridges; mesofemur with basal thorn; mesotibia with predistal spine.

Aedeagus (Fig. 2A, B) about 0.53 mm long, about 2.20 times as long as wide, basal capsule about 1.25 times as long as apical lobe; maximum width in distal third; apex of aedeagus sharply pointed, with pair of long setae; dorsal circular diaphragm well-defined.

Figure 2. 

Aedeagus of Corynotopsis omanicus sp. nov., holotype male A dorsal view B lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

Sexual dimorphism

Females with all legs simple, lacking thorn or spines.

Natural history

All specimens were collected at a UV light placed in a semi­dry habitat on the edge of a sandy wadi with Acacia, and in an open area with a small stream in the Baobab Forest (Fig. 5A, B); one specimen was beaten from branches of bushes at night. The host ant is unknown.

Etymology

Locotypic, referring to the country of its type locality, Oman.

Distribution

Oman (Dhofar Province).

Remarks

Corynotopsis omanicus sp. nov. is very similar in external morphology to its congener C. scotti from which it can be distinguished only by: the different proportion of antennomeres 3 and 4; antennomere 3 and 4 subequal in length (antennomere 3 about 1.3 times longer than 4 in C. scotti); and by the different structure of the aedeagus with the distal projection of the median lobe triangular and wide at the base in ventral view, evenly narrowing to the apex (highly variable but much narrower at base and converging somewhat unevenly to apex in C. scotti).

Corynotopsis scotti Jeannel, 1951

Figs 1B, 3A, B, 4A–C

Corynotopsis scotti Jeannel, 1951: 229, fig. 2 (habitus). Type locality: Ethiopia, Province of Harrar, Dire Dawa [Diré-Daoua], 9°36'3.15"N, 41°51'0.51"E, 2300 m.

Corynotopsis scotti Jeannel: Jeannel 1959: 695 (in key), 704 (distribution), fig. 257 (habitus); Coulon 1982: 67 (redescription), figs 5–6 (aedeagus).

Material examined

1 ♂, Yemen: two labels “S Yemen, 27–28.III.2007 / 20 km W Lawdar / 13°53'N 45°48'E / ca 1100 m, David Král lgt.” [white, printed], ”CORYNOTOPSIS / scotti Jeannel / P. Hlaváč det., 2023” [white, printed] (NMPC). 2 ♂, 1 ♀: one label “YEMEN, 1101 m, 20 km / W Lawdar, 26–27.III.2007 / N13°53’ E45°48’ / P. Kabátek lgt.“ [white, printed] (MHNG, PCPH). 1 ♂: one label “YEMEN: Al Lahima / (6105) in Malaise trap / 24.VII-17.IX.2001 / leg. A. van Harten“ [white, printed] (MHNG). 1 ♂: one label “W YEMEN, Wadi Surdud / (Sari’) W San’a; N15°15’ / E43°30’, 627 m, 2.XI.2005 / leg. P. Kabátek lgt.“ [white, printed] (MHNG). 1 ♀: one label “YEMEN: 12 km NW of / (5986) Manakátekhah / in Malaise trap / 03.VII-21.VIII.2001 / leg. A. van Harten“ [white, printed] (MHNG);

Remarks

Corynotopsis scotti was described by Jeannel (1951) based on a single male from Ethiopia (Prov. de Harrar: Diré-Daoua [Dire Dawa], 2300 m). Later, the holotype was studied, the species was redescribed and the illustration of the aedeagus was provided by Coulon (1982). Besuchet (1999) provided a record of one female from Saudi Arabia. The species is also mentioned from Yemen in the last edition of the Palaearctic Coleoptera (Schülke and Smetana 2015), but the source of this record is unknown to us. New record for Yemen.

Species of the genus Corynotopsis are very similar concerning the external morphology. The only external difference between C. scotti and C. omanicus is a slightly different proportion of antennomeres 3 and 4 (see remarks for C. omanicus). All specimens from Yemen, assigned here to C. scotti, have quite different shapes of the distal part of the medial lobe of the aedeagus in ventral view (Figs 3A, 4A–C). The main differences are in the length and shape of the distal projection of the median lobe and its size relative to the pair of distal setae. To solve the question of whether this is just intraspecific variability or a complex of more closely related species, more material will be needed.

Figure 3. 

Aedeagus of Corynotopsis scotti A dorsal view B lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

Figure 4. 

Variability of aedeagus of Corynotopsis scotti, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

Host ant

Unknown.

Distribution

Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.

Corynotopsis sp.

Fig. 1C

Material studied

1 ♀: Yemen: one label “YEMEN, 1101 m, 20 km / W Lawdar, 26–27.III.2007 / N13°53’ E45°48’ / P. Kabátek lgt.“ [white, printed] (MHNG).

Remarks

This single female certainly represents a new, undescribed species. It is readily separated from all other females of Corynotopsis by: 1) the larger body, length 2.43 mm, maximal width 0.94 mm; 2) the pronotum slightly longer than wide; 3) the pair of paratergal trichomes, fine, formed by one to two macrosetae; and mainly; and 4) by having the sharp, pointed projection on the end of the abdomen. Due to the absence of a male and taking into account the complicated taxonomic situation in C. scotti (see Remarks for that species), we decided not to formally describe this species.

Articerodes syriacus Saulcy, 1865

Articerus syriacus Saulcy, 1865: 25. Type locality: Saïda [Sidón], en Syrie; types: HT, probably ♂.

Articerus ponticus Sharp, 1878: 62. Type locality: Mésopotamie; types: unknown, synonymy in Raffray 1890: 167.

Commatocerus bucharicus Reitter, 1900: 50. Type locality: Transcaspien, Buchara, Karatak; types: more ST, synonymy in Winkler 1925: 470.

Commatocerus sbg. Articerus subnitidus Pic, 1903: 145. Type locality: Crete; types: more ST, synonymy in Besuchet 1999: 63 (as C. subnitidius [sic]).

Articerus spriacus Saulcy: King 1869: 57. [error]

Host ant

Lasius (Lasius) niger (Linnaeus, 1758); Lepisiota capensis Mayr, 1862; L. canescens Emery, 1897 and L. spinisquama (Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929).

Distribution

Greece (Crete), Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Iraq, Iran, Yemen (Socotra I..), Ethiopia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.

Remarks

The genus Articerodes Raffray 1890, comprising 11 species, is distributed in a large area from the Republic of South Africa, through the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Middle East, Central Asia, southern India, Indochina, and north to Japan. Such a large distribution is relatively unusual for genera of Clavigeritae and it is possible that not all species will remain in the genus. The type species of the genus, Articerodes syriacus Saulcy, 1865, is also unusually widespread. We tried to find all localities from where the species was recorded and they are listed here. The only locality listed in the last edition of the Palaearctic catalogue (Schülke and Smetana 2015) which remains unknown to us is Iran.

Literature records

Ethiopia, Mekallé in Enderta and Harrar; Greece, Crete (type locality of C. subnitidus); Iraq, as Mesopotamia, but more precise information on the locality is unknown (type locality of C. ponticus); Israel, St.-Jean-d’Acre [Akko]; Lebanon, Sidón (type locality C. syriacus); Uzbekistan, Buchara, Karakat (type locality of C. bucharicus); Yemen, island Socotra, Al Haghier Mts., wadi Madar, 1180–1230 m 12°33.2'N, 54°00.4'E.

New records

Turkey, 1 ♀: one label “N36°50’ E028°42’ / T Umg. Mugla / Köycegiz; Auenwald / 29.4.2001 / Meybohm/Brachat“ (PCPH). 1 ♂: one label “Türkei / Südküste / zw. Antalya u. Alanya / 22.5–3.6.1983 / leg. V u. C. Brachat“ (PCPH). Tadjikistan, 1 ex, one label “Mts. Karategthin [Rasht Valley], Baldshuan, 924 m“ (PCPH).

Commatocerus concinnus Besuchet & Cuccodoro, 2011

Commatocerus concinnus Besuchet & Cuccodoro, 2011: 165, plate 14 (habitus), figs 22–24 (aedeagus); type locality: United Arab Emirates, Ras al Khaimah, Wadi Shawkah, 25°6'15.30"N, 56°2'47.55"E.

Material examined

1 ♂, 1 ♀, Oman: two labels “Oman, 28–29.3.2019, Ad / Dakhilyiah Gov., near Subayb / 23°14'7.966"N, 57°8'57.977966"E, / wadi, 1442 m, Lgt. T. Kopecký“ [white, printed], “COMMATOCERUS / concinnus Bes & Cucc. / P. Hlaváč det., 2023“ [white, printed] (PCTK, PCPH). New record for Oman.

Natural history

The two specimens were collected from two different ant nests under stones. One with an unknown species of Lasius Fabricius, 1804 and the other with Lepisiota (cf.) spinisquama (Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929), M. Sharaf det., 2023, collected in the evening on an open, dry area in the mountains (Fig. 6A).

Figure 5. 

Type locality of Corynotopsis omanicus sp. nov.

Figure 6. 

A Oman, Ad Dakhilyiah Gov., near Subayb wadi, locality with the occurrence of Commatocerus concinnus B distribution map of all Clavigeritae species known from the Arabian Peninsula.

Remarks

Commatocerus concinnus was described based on one male from United Arab Emirates, Ras al Khaimah, Wadi Shawkah, 25°6'15.30"N, 56°2'47.55"E, collected by a water-trap. The species is readily separated from its congeners by having the terminal antennomeres cylindrical, instead of distally expanded.

The generic name Commatocerus has been subjected to much instability. It was established by Raffray (1882: 1) for Commatocerus elegantulus Raffray. In the same year, Reitter (1882) synonymized it with the genus Fustiger LeConte, 1866 under the name Comatocerus [sic] (Reitter 1882: 200). Jeannel (1949: 37) redescribed the genus and resurrected its generic status. He also pointed out that the American and Old World species of the genus Fustiger cannot be congeneric and should be placed in separate genera. Later, Jeannel (1954: 152) discussed the status of similar genera Commatocerus, Fustigerinus Wasmann, 1912 and its actual synonym Neocommatocerus Jeannel, 1949. Célis (1975: 441) confirmed the generic status of Commatocerus. Besuchet (1977: 261) again synonymized it with Fustiger and provided a key to species of India. When describing Commatocerus concinnus (Besuchet and Cuccodoro 2011: 164), the authors discussed and supported the validity of the genus and they apparently overlooked the synonymy of Besuchet from 1977.

Species included

Commatocerus concinnus Besuchet & Cuccodoro, 2011, C. elegantulus Raffray, 1882, C. leleupi Jeannel, 1953 and C. turkmenicus Kryzhanovski, 1957.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank our friends and collectors of the material treated in this paper, namely Jan Pelikán, Jiří Větrovec and Tomáš Kopecký, all from Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. Mostafa R. Sharaf (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) is acknowledged for the determination of the host ant of the genus Lepisiota Santschi, 1926.

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

No funding was reported.

Author contributions

All authors have contributed equally.

Author ORCIDs

Dominik Stočes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-5327

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

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