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Diana Isabel Rendón-Mera‡§|, Daniel Burckhardt§, Juliana Durán¶, Valentina Ocampo¶, Sergio Andrés Vargas-Fonseca#¶
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Corresponding author: Diana Isabel Rendón-Mera ( direndonm@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Igor Malenovský
© 2024 Diana Isabel Rendón-Mera, Daniel Burckhardt, Juliana Durán, Valentina Ocampo, Sergio Andrés Vargas-Fonseca.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Rendón-Mera DI, Burckhardt D, Durán J, Ocampo V, Vargas-Fonseca SA (2024) The jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) in Urban Green Spaces of Bogotá (Colombia), with descriptions of two new species and redescription of Mastigimas colombianus Burckhardt, Queiroz and Drohojowska. ZooKeys 1209: 199-230. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1209.117368
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Abstract
In a survey of the arthropod fauna of 33 Urban Green Spaces (UGS) in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2017 and 2019, 21 species (3,825 specimens) of Psylloidea were collected. These represent all seven recognised families of jumping plant-lice and include seven species identified only to genus. The specimens, all adults, were collected on 30 plant species used for arborization in the UGS. Two species are described as new (Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. and Leuronota albilinea Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov.), one species is redescribed (Mastigimas colombianus Burckhardt, Queiroz & Drohojowska) and one species is recorded for the first time from Colombia (Calinda trinervis Olivares & Burckhardt). Among the seven species identified only to genus is an undescribed species of Melanastera, representing a genus not previously known from Colombia. Fourteen species found during the survey are probably native (66%) and seven (33%) adventive. Our findings highlight the significance of UGS for preservation of biological diversity and stress the importance of using native plants in urban landscape planning for the conservation of the native entomofauna.
Key words
Biodiversity, city parks, insect–plant interactions, Neotropical region, psyllids, Sternorrhyncha, taxonomy, urbanisation
Introduction
Urbanisation, the most irreversible form of land-use by the ever increasing human population, is one of the main drivers of the current extinction crisis (
As cities grow, Urban Green Spaces (UGS) become increasingly critical for supporting native organisms (
Colombia is located in the north-west of South America and is one of the world’s megadiverse countries, home to approximately 10% of the world’s species and two of the world’s biodiversity hotspots: Tropical Andes and Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena (
Psylloidea (jumping plant-lice or psyllids) constitute one of the superfamilies of Sternorrhyncha with more than 4,000 described and probably just as many undescribed species (
Psyllids are found in all biogeographic realms but are probably most species-rich in the tropics and the south temperate regions though these faunas are only poorly known, particularly those of the Afrotropical and Neotropical realms (
Here, the psyllids collected during a survey of the arthropod fauna of 33 UGS in Bogotá by the Botanical Garden “José Celestino Mutis” of Bogotá are discussed. The survey was conducted between 2017 and 2019, focussing on 30 species of native and exotic plants.
Material and methods
Material
Collections were conducted between 2017 and 2019 in 33 Urban Green Spaces (UGS) of nine of the 19 urban districts (“localidades”) of Bogotá (Figs
Urban Green Spaces (UGS) with examined plants and psyllid species with number of collected adults. Plants confirmed in the literature as hosts or likely hosts are marked with § (see also text).
| UGS | Plant species | Psyllid species | Number of adults |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAI Santa Barbara | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Cerro La Conejera | § Acacia dealbata (Fabaceae) | Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae | 4 |
| Cerro La Conejera | § Acacia melanoxylon (Fabaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 2 |
| Cerro La Conejera | § Baccharis sp. (Asteraceae) | Calinda gibbosa | 1 |
| Cerro La Conejera | Myrcianthes leucoxyla (Myrtaceae) | Tuthillia latipennis | 1 |
| Jardín Botánico de Bogotá | Myrcianthes sp. (Myrtaceae) | Trioza sp. 1 | 1 |
| Jardín Botánico de Bogotá | Myrcianthes sp. (Myrtaceae) | Tuthillia latipennis | 1 |
| Parque Altablanca | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 2 |
| Parque Belmira | Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae | 1 |
| Parque Belmira | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 8 |
| Parque Cabañas del Norte | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae | 5 |
| Parque Cabañas del Norte | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Parque Cabañas del Norte | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Ctenarytaina spatulata | 1 |
| Parque Cabañas del Norte | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Mastigimas colombianus | 1 |
| Parque Cabañas del Norte | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | 1 |
| Parque Cabañas del Norte | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 419 |
| Parque CAI Lisboa | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 2 |
| Parque CAI Lisboa | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 6 |
| Parque Canal Molinos | Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae) | Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae | 2 |
| Parque Canal Molinos | § Cedrela montana (Meliaceae) | Mastigimas colombianus | 17 |
| Parque Canal Molinos | § Cedrela montana (Meliaceae) | Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | 38 |
| Parque Canal Molinos | § Ficus americana subsp. andicola (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 9 |
| Parque Cedro Madeira | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 17 |
| Parque Chuniza-Famaco | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Calophya schini | 2 |
| Parque Chuniza-Famaco | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 558 |
| Parque Ciudad Jardín | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 9 |
| Parque Ciudad Jardín | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Calophya schini | 2 |
| Parque Ciudad Jardín | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Syncoptozus mexicanus | 1 |
| Parque Ciudad Jardín | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 726 |
| Parque Contador Norte | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 117 |
| Parque Contador Norte | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae | 2 |
| Parque Contador Norte | Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) | Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae | 2 |
| Parque Contador Norte | Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Parque Contador Norte | Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) | Ctenarytaina spatulata | 1 |
| Parque Contador Norte | Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 2 |
| Parque Contador Norte | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque El Chicó | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 10 |
| Parque El Chicó | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 7 |
| Parque El Virrey | § Acacia melanoxylon (Fabaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 19 |
| Parque El Virrey | § Cedrela montana (Meliaceae) | Mastigimas colombianus | 38 |
| Parque El Virrey | § Cedrela montana (Meliaceae) | Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | 13 |
| Parque El Virrey | Croton coriaceus (Euphorbiaceae) | Calophya schini | 14 |
| Parque El Virrey | Delostoma integrifolium (Bignoniaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque El Virrey | Feijoa sellowiana (Myrtaceae) | Glycaspis brimblecombei | 1 |
| Parque El Virrey | Fraxinus chinensis (Oleaceae) | Syncoptozus mexicanus | 1 |
| Parque El Virrey | Ligustrum sp. (Oleaceae) | Syncoptozus mexicanus | 2 |
| Parque El Virrey | Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 28 |
| Parque El Virrey | § Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) | Syncoptozus mexicanus | 37 |
| Parque El Virrey | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 1 |
| Parque El Virrey | Salix humboldtiana (Salicaceae) | Calophya schini | 4 |
| Parque Ginebra-Bella Suiza | Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Triozidae gen. sp. 3 | 1 |
| Parque Ginebra-Bella Suiza | Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) | Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | 1 |
| Parque Ginebra-Bella Suiza | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 148 |
| Parque Ginebra-Bella Suiza | Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | 2 |
| Parque Ginebra-Bella Suiza | Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque Tercer Ilarco | Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae) | Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae | 2 |
| Parque Tercer Ilarco | Clusia sp. (Clusiaceae) | Glycaspis brimblecombei | 1 |
| Parque Tercer Ilarco | Croton coriaceus (Euphorbiaceae) | Calinda sp. | 1 |
| Parque Tercer Ilarco | Croton coriaceus (Euphorbiaceae) | Mastigimas colombianus | 1 |
| Parque Tercer Ilarco | Croton coriaceus (Euphorbiaceae) | Platycorypha sp. | 1 |
| Parque Tercer Ilarco | Croton coriaceus (Euphorbiaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque Tercer Ilarco | Prunus serotina (Rosaceae) | Leuronota albilinea Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | 1 |
| Parque Tercer Ilarco | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 8 |
| Parque La Andrea | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 99 |
| Parque La Francia | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 2 |
| Parque La Francia | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 7 |
| Parque La Independencia | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 30 |
| Parque La Independencia | Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque La Independencia | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque La Victoria | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Parque La Victoria | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Calophya schini | 5 |
| Parque La Victoria | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 250 |
| Parque La Vida | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 244 |
| Parque La Vida | Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Triozidae gen. sp. 3 | 1 |
| Parque La Vida | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 6 |
| Parque Nacional | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 4 |
| Parque Nueva Autopista | Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Parque Nueva Autopista | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 3 |
| Parque Palermo Sur | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 2 |
| Parque Palermo Sur | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 1 |
| Parque Palermo Sur | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Parque Palermo Sur | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Triozidae gen. sp. 2 | 1 |
| Parque Palermo Sur | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 26 |
| Parque Primero de Mayo | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 106 |
| Parque Primero de Mayo | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque San Cristóbal | Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque San Cristóbal | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque San Cristóbal | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 89 |
| Parque Tercer Milenio | § Clusia sp. (Clusiaceae) | Leuronota albilinea Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | 85 |
| Parque Tercer Milenio | Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) | Calophya schini | 6 |
| Parque Tercer Milenio | § Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) | Syncoptozus mexicanus | 33 |
| Parque Tercer Milenio | Sambucus nigra (Viburnaceae) | Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | 2 |
| Parque Usaquén 2 | Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Parque Usaquén 2 | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 4 |
| Parque Usaquén 2 | Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Parque Usaquén 2 | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Calophya schini | 1 |
| Parque Usaquén 2 | Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 1 |
| Parque Villa de los Alpes | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 120 |
| Parque Villa de los Alpes | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 81 |
| Parque Virrey Sur | § Ficus sp. (Moraceae) | Synoza cornutiventris | 29 |
| Parque Virrey Sur | § Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) | Calophya schini | 51 |
| Sendero Quebrada La Vieja | Miconia elaeoides (Melastomataceae) | Ctenarytaina spatulata | 1 |
| Sendero Quebrada La Vieja | Miconia elaeoides (Melastomataceae) | Melanastera sp. | 1 |
| Sendero Quebrada La Vieja | Piper bogotense (Piperaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 1 |
| Sendero Quebrada La Vieja | Piper bogotense (Piperaceae) | Ctenarytaina eucalypti | 5 |
| Universidad Distrital | Acacia decurrens (Fabaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 15 |
| Universidad Distrital | § Acacia melanoxylon (Fabaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 125 |
| Universidad Distrital | § Baccharis latifolia (Asteraceae) | Calinda gibbosa | 3 |
| Universidad Distrital | Baccharis latifolia (Asteraceae) | Calinda trinervis | 1 |
| Universidad Distrital | Croton coriaceus (Euphorbiaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 2 |
| Universidad Distrital | Lycianthes lycioides (Solanaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 24 |
| Universidad Distrital | Oreopanax incisus (Araliaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 1 |
| Universidad Distrital | Oreopanax incisus (Araliaceae) | Ctenarytaina spatulata | 7 |
| Universidad Distrital | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 1 |
| Universidad Distrital | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Calinda gibbosa | 1 |
| Universidad Distrital | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Ctenarytaina spatulata | 1 |
| Universidad Distrital | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Triozidae gen. sp. 3 | 1 |
| vacant lot | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Acizzia uncatoides | 1 |
| vacant lot | Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) | Triozidae gen. sp. 1 | 1 |
Psyllid species, hosts (cf. text) and numbers of adult psyllid specimens collected on hosts and non-hosts.
| Psyllid species | Host taxon | Adults on host | Adults on non-host |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calophya schini | Schinus areira | 2378 | 42 (= 1.8%) |
| Synoza cornutiventris | Ficus spp. | 803 | 28 (= 3.5%) |
| Acizzia uncatoides | mimosoid Fabaceae | 161 | 62 (= 38.5%) |
| Leuronota albilinea Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | Clusia sp. | 85 | 1 (= 1.2%) |
| Mastigimas colombianus | Cedrela montana | 55 | 2 (= 3.6%) |
| Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. | Cedrela montana | 51 | 6 (= 11.8%) |
| Syncoptozus mexicanus | Magnolia grandiflora | 30 | 4 (= 13.3%) |
| Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae | mimosoid Fabaceae | 4 | 12 |
| Calinda gibbosa | Baccharis spp. | 4 | 1 |
| Ctenarytaina spatulata | Eucalyptus spp. | 11 | |
| Ctenarytaina eucalypti | Eucalyptus spp. | 5 | |
| Triozidae gen. sp. 3 | unknown | 3 | |
| Glycaspis brimblecombei | Eucalyptus spp. | 2 | |
| Tuthillia latipennis | Myrcianthes spp. | 2 | |
| Calinda trinervis | unknown | 1 | |
| Calinda sp. | unknown | 1 | |
| Melanastera sp. | unknown | 1 | |
| Platycorypha sp. | unknown | 1 | |
| Trioza sp. 1 | unknown | 1 | |
| Triozidae gen. sp. 1 | unknown | 1 | |
| Triozidae gen. sp. 2 | unknown | 1 |
Holotypes are deposited in the entomological collection of the Museo Javeriano de Historia Natural of the
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia (
Species description
Morphological terminology follows
Conventions
Taxa are arranged alphabetically (families and genera) following the classification of
Host plants
No immature psyllids were collected during the survey and none of the sampled plant species could, therefore, be confirmed as host in the sense of
Abbreviations
AL—Antenna length; AP—Apical portion of female proctiger length; BL—Body length; CRL—Circumanal ring length; DL—Distal segment of aedeagus length; FL—Forewing length; FP—Female proctiger length; FW—Forewing width; GL—Genal processes length; HW—Head width; MP—Male proctiger length; PL—Paramere length; SP—Female subgenital plate length; TL—Metatibia length; UGS—Urban Green Space; VL—Vertex length.
Taxonomy
Psylloidea Latreille, 1807
Aphalaridae Löw, 1879
Ctenarytaina eucalypti
Material examined
Chapinero: • 1 ♂, 4 ♀; Quebrada La Vieja; 4.6495, –74.0466; 2764 m; 06.iv.2017; J. Duran leg.; Piper bogotense (Piperaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Boyacá and Bogotá (
Host plant
Eucalyptus L’Hér. spp. (Myrtaceae) (
Ctenarytaina spatulata
Material examined
Chapinero: • 1 ♀; Quebrada La Vieja; 4.6474, –74.0447; 2785 m; 20.vi.2017; J. Duran leg.; Miconia elaeoides (Melastomataceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá (
Host plant
Eucalyptus L’Hér. spp. (Myrtaceae) (
Glycaspis brimblecombei
Material examined
Chapinero: • 1 ♀; Parque El Virrey; 4.6736, –74.0548; 2590 m; 28.iii.2017; J. Duran leg.; Feijoa sellowiana (Myrtaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Antioquia, Bogotá, Casanare, Risaralda, and Valle del Cauca (
Host plant
Corymbia K.D.Hill and L.A.S.Johnson, and Eucalyptus L’Hér. spp. (Myrtaceae) (
Syncoptozus mexicanus
Material examined
Antonio Nariño: • 1 ♂; Parque Ciudad Jardín; 4.5819, –74.0937; 2601 m; 13.iv.2018; V. Ocampo leg.; Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá (
Host plant
Magnolia grandiflora L. (Magnoliaceae) (unpublished
Calophyidae Vondráček, 1957
Calophya schini
Material examined
Antonio Nariño: • 1 ♀; Parque Ciudad Jardín; 4.5818, –74.0933; 2601 m; 13.iv.2018; V. Ocampo leg.; Lafoensia acuminata (Lythraceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá (
Host plant
Schinus areira L. (Anacardiaceae) (
Carsidaridae Crawford, 1911
Synoza cornutiventris
Material examined
Antonio Nariño: • 4 ♂, 5 ♀; Parque Ciudad Jardín; 4.5818, –74.0932; 2601 m; 23.iv.2018; V. Ocampo leg.; Ficus sp. (Moraceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Meta (
Host plant
Ficus hartwegii Miq. (Moraceae) (
Liviidae Löw, 1879
Melanastera
Material examined
Chapinero: • 1 ♀; Quebrada La Vieja; 4.6474, –74.0447; 2785 m; 20.vi.2017; J. Duran leg.; Miconia elaeoides (Melastomataceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá.
Host plant
Unknown.
Comments
The single female appears to belong to an undescribed species of Melanastera, a predominantly Neotropical genus associated with Melastomataceae, Annonaceae, and other plant families (
Mastigimatidae Bekker-Migdisova, 1973
Mastigimas colombianus
Material examined
Chapinero: • 17 ♂, 17 ♀; Parque El Virrey; 4.6728, –74.0533; 2581 m; 28.iii.2017; J. Duran leg.; Cedrela montana (Meliaceae);
Redescription
Colouration. Male (Fig.
A–G Mastigimas colombianus Burckhardt, Queiroz & Drohojowska, 2013 H–N Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. A, I male, dorsal view B, J female, dorsal view C, K paramere, outer surface, lateral view D, L paramere, inner surface, lateral view E, M distal segment of aedeagus, lateral view F, N female terminalia, lateral view G, H forewing.
Structure. Antenna 4.0–4.1× as long as head width; segment 3 1.3–1.4× as long as segment 4. Forewing (Fig.
Terminalia. Male. Paramere (Fig.
Measurements (in mm). BL 2 ♂ 3.6–5.0 (4.36±0.74), 2 ♀ 5.3–5.4 (5.31±0.08); HW ♂ 0.85, ♀ 0.82; AL ♂ 3.44, ♀ 3.39; FL ♂ 3.8, ♀ 4.36; FW ♂ 1.47, ♀ 1.67; PL ♂ 0.24; DL ♂ 0.28; FP ♀ 0.8; FS ♀ 0.34.
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá (
Host plant
Most adults (types and material at hand) were collected on Cedrela montana Turcz. (Meliaceae). Mastigimas species develop, as far as known, on Cedrela, suggesting that C. montana is a host.
Comments
Mastigimas colombianus was described from two males and two females collected in Bogotá (
Mastigimas longicaudatus , sp. nov.
Type locality
Colombia, Bogotá: Suba, Parque Canal Molinos, 4.6976389, –74.063694, 2575 m.
Type material
Holotype
: Colombia • ♂, pinned; Bogotá, Suba, Parque Canal Molinos; 4.6976389, –74.063694; 2575 m; 03.x.2017; J. Duran leg; on Cedrela montana (Meliaceae); MPUJ_ENT0074272. Paratypes: Chapinero: • 6 ♂, 7 ♀; Parque El Virrey; 4.6728, –74.0533; 2581 m; 28.iii.2017; J. Duran leg.; Cedrela montana (Meliaceae);
Diagnosis
Forewing (Fig.
Description
Colouration. Male (Fig.
Structure. Conforms to the generic description of
Terminalia. Paramere (Fig.
Measurements (in mm). BL ♂ 4.8, 2 ♀ 5.8–5.9 (5.85±0.1); HW ♂ 0.88, ♀ 0.92; AL ♂ 3.95, ♀ 3.93; FL ♂ 4.23, ♀ 4.78; FW ♂ 1.57, ♀ 1.85; PL ♂ 0.24; DL ♂ 0.36; FP ♀ 1.26; FS ♀ 0.65.
Etymology
From Latin longus = long, and caudatus = bearing a tail, referring to the long female terminalia. Adjective.
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá.
Host plant
Most of the examined adults were collected on Cedrela montana Turcz. (Meliaceae). Mastigimas species develop, as far as known, on Cedrela, suggesting that C. montana is a host.
Comments
Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. resembles M. anjosi
Psyllidae Latreille, 1807
Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae
Material examined
Suba: • 1 ♂, 3 ♀; Cerro La Conejera; 4.7705, –74.0656; 2620 m; 28.iii.2017; J. Duran leg.; Acacia dealbata (Fabaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá (
Host plant
Acacia Mill. and Samanea (Benth.) Merr. spp. (Fabaceae) (
Acizzia uncatoides
Material examined
Chapinero: • 9 ♂, 10 ♀; Parque El Virrey; 4.6713, –74.0504; 2591 m; 28.iii.2017; J. Duran leg.; Acacia melanoxylon (Fabaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Huila (
Host plant
Acacia Mill. and Albizia A. ex Benth. (Fabaceae) (
Platycorypha
Material examined
Santa Fe: • 1 ♀; Parque Ilarco; 4.7008, –74.0657; 2569 m; 23.iii.2017; J. Duran leg.; Croton coriaceus (Euphorbiaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá, Magdalena (
Host plant
Unknown. The single female at hand was collected on Croton, an unlikely host as all Platycorypha species, for which hosts are known, develop on Fabaceae (
Comments
The single female at hand resembles specimens reported as Platycorypha erythrinae (Lizer) from Panama (
Tuthillia latipennis
Material examined
Suba: • 1 ♀; Cerro La Conejera; 4.7718, –74.0651; 2631 m; 03.x.2017; J. Duran leg.; Myrcianthes leucoxyla (Myrtaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá (
Host plant
Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh (Myrtaceae) (
Triozidae Löw, 1879
Calinda gibbosa
Material examined
Santa Fe: • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Universidad Distrital; 4.5995, –74.0664; 2673 m; 19.ix.2017; J. Duran leg.; Baccharis latifolia (Asteraceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Antioquia, Bogotá, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Nariño (
Host plant
Baccharis latifolia Pers. (Asteraceae) (
Calinda trinervis
Material examined
Santa Fe: • 1 ♀; Universidad Distrital; 4.5995, –74.0664; 2673 m; 19.ix.2017; J. Duran leg.; Baccharis latifolia (Asteraceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá, Costa Rica, Panama (
Host plant
Unknown. Adults from Colombia were collected on Baccharis latifolia Pers. and adults from Costa Rica on B. trinervis Pers. (Asteraceae). Both should be checked to determine whether they are hosts.
Comments
Calinda trinervis is reported here for the first time from Colombia.
Calinda
Material examined
Santa Fe: • 1 ♀; Parque Ilarco; 4.7008, –74.0657; 2569 m; 23.iii.2017; J. Duran leg.; Croton coriaceus (Euphorbiaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá.
Host plant
Unknown.
Comments
The single female at hand represents probably an undescribed species. It shares the following characters with Calinda albonigra Olivares & Burckhardt, 1997 and C. gladiformis Olivares & Burckhardt, 1997: antenna shorter than 1.2 mm; forewing lacking surface spinules in distal 1/2; apical projection of proctiger well delimited from base, not inflated, straight, pointed apically, with well-defined teeth along dorsal margin; subgenital plate long; valvula dorsalis long; ventral saw of valvula ventralis not well delimited at base. From the former it differs in the relatively longer processes on the proctiger and subgenital plate. From the latter it differs in the relatively shorter apical process of the proctiger and the presence of a small ventral hump in the basal 1/3 of the subgenital plate.
Leuronota albilinea , sp. nov.
Type locality
Colombia, Bogotá: Santa Fe, Parque Tercer Milenio, 4.70025, –74.0654667, 2569 m.
Type material
Holotype
: Colombia • ♂, pinned; Bogotá, Santa Fe, Parque Tercer Milenio; 4.70025, –74.0654667; 2569 m; 19.ix.2017; J. Duran leg.; on Clusia sp. (Clusiaceae); MPUJ_ENT0074271. Paratypes: Santa Fe: • 28 ♂, 23 ♀; same data as for holotype but 4.7003, –74.0655;
Diagnosis
Mesonotum with white longitudinal stripe (Fig.
Leuronota albilinea Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. A head, dorsal view B habitus, dorsal view C forewing D surface spinules E–G male terminalia, lateral view E paramere, outer surface F paramere, inner surface G distal segment of aedeagus H female terminalia, lateral view.
Description
Colouration. Head, pronotum and pleura white, rest of notum and abdomen dark brown (Fig.
Structure. Genal processes (Fig.
Terminalia. Male proctiger, in lateral view, subconical; apex constricted at anterior margin; anus large, occupying most part of apex, obliquely blunt. Paramere, in lateral view (Fig.
Measurements (in mm). BL 2 ♂ 3.7–4.1 (3.8±0.31), 2 ♀ 4.4–4.7 (4.79±0.37); HW ♂ 0.63, ♀ 0.67; VL ♂ 0.19, ♀ 0.18; GL ♂ 0.21, ♀ 0.23; AL ♂ 2.2, ♀ 1.78; LAB2 ♂ 0.22, ♀ 0.27; LAB3 ♂ 0.09, ♀ 0.09; FL ♂ 3.36, ♀ 3.46; TL ♂ 0.85, ♀ 0.78; MP 0.29; PL 0.26; FP 0.57; CRL 0.21; AP 0.25; SP 0.47.
Etymology
From Latin albus = white, and linea = line, referring to the contrasting longitudinal white stripe on the mesonotum. Noun in the ablative case.
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá.
Host plant
Unknown. Many adults were collected on Clusia sp. (Clusiaceae) in the same area suggesting it is a host rather than just a casual plant. Further studies are necessary to to check this assumption.
Comments
Leuronota albilinea Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. resembles L. inusitata (Tuthill, 1944) (known from Costa Rica, Mexico, and Panama) in the brown body colour with white head and pleura, and white longitudinal stripe on mesonotum. It differs in the forewing pattern, the obovate forewing (vs ovate), the paramere with short (vs long) apical process and sinuous (vs concave) apical 1/2 of posterior margin, the aedeagal head with a weakly sinuous apical margin (vs evenly convex), and the female proctiger with a relatively slender apical portion (vs massive). In the key of
Triozidae
Material examined
Engativá: • 1 ♂; Jardín Botánico de Bogotá; 4.6666, –74.0993; 2553 m; 16.x.2019; S. Vargas leg.; Myrcianthes sp. (Myrtaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá.
Host plant
Unknown.
Comments
The two males at hand probably represent an undescribed species. More material is required for a proper identification.
Triozidae
Material examined
Rafael Uribe Uribe: • 1 ♀; Parque Palermo Sur; 4.5413, –74.1097; 2692 m; 09.iv.2018; V. Ocampo leg.; Pittosporum undulatum (Pittosporaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá.
Host plant
Unknown.
Comments
The single female at hand fits in the Trioza psyllihabitus species group of
Triozidae
Material examined
Santa Fe: • 1 ♂; Universidad Distrital; 4.5987, –74.0653; 2713 m; 27.vi.2017; J. Duran leg.; Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae);
Distribution
Colombia: Bogotá.
Host plant
Unknown.
Comments
The three specimens share the conspicuous dark longitudinal stripe on the forewing with species of Triozoida Crawford, 1911, a feature also found in other unrelated species of Triozidae (unpublished
Discussion and conclusions
During the survey of the arthropod fauna of 33 UGS in Bogotá between 2017 and 2019, 3,825 adult specimens of 21 psyllid species of seven families were found, seven species of which could be identified only to genus. Psyllids were found in all UGS ranging from 1–8 species per UGS. The UGS with the highest number (8 spp.) is Parque Ilarco, followed by Parque El Virrey (7 spp.), Parque Cabañas del Norte (5 spp.) and Universidad Distrital (Pueblo Viejo) (5 spp.) (Table
The number of 21 species found during the survey is high in comparison to the number of taxa previously reported from Colombia: 34 identified species plus ten species identified only to genus (
Most specimens (3,800) were taken on plants which we consider hosts (vs 184 on non-hosts) (Table
A third of the psyllid species and more than 70% of the specimens found during the survey are exotic: the Australian Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae, A. uncatoides, Ctenarytaina eucalypti, C. spatulata and Glycaspis brimblecombei, the North American Syncoptozus mexicanus, and the Peruvian Calophya schini. The high abundance of these species is promoted by urban landscaping practices using exotic tree species (
There are twice as many native as exotic psyllid species (66%) but only four of these (Leuronota albilinea Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov., Mastigimas colombianus, M. longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov., and Synoza cornutiventris) are represented by more than five individuals. Of the other ten species, three are identified to species and the other seven may be undescribed, but more material is needed to confirm this.
The psyllid data from our arthropod survey show that the UGS in Bogotá support a diverse psyllid fauna. The dominance of exotic tree species (
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Giovanny Fagua, Dimitri Forero, Alejandra Rodríguez (MPUJ), and Francisco Serna (UNAB) for granting access to the collections; Kristian Rubiano for designing the map figure; Jowita Drohojowska, Diana Percy, Igor Malenovský, Alexandra Viertler, and Armando Rosario-Lebrón for useful comments on previous manuscript drafts. DIR-M and SAV-F would like to thank Sara for her assistance at the MPUJ. This study forms part of the work of DIR-M towards a Ph.D. degree at the University of Basel, funded by a Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship for Foreign Students from the Federal Commission (ESKAS), the Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft (FAG) and the Maria Parmigiani-Fonds, Basel.
Additional information
Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Ethical statement
No ethical statement was reported.
Funding
DIR-M was funded by the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship for Foreign Students from the Federal Commission (ESKAS), the Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft (FAG) and the Maria Parmigiani-Fonds, Basel.
Author contributions
Conceptualization: VO, DB, JD, SAVF, DIRM. Data curation: DIRM, SAVF, VO, JD. Formal analysis: DIRM, DB. Investigation: DB, DIRM. Methodology: VO, JD. Project administration: VO, JD, SAVF. Resources: SAVF, DB, DIRM, VO, JD. Supervision: SAVF, JD, DB, VO. Validation: DB, DIRM. Visualization: DIRM. Writing - original draft: DIRM. Writing - review and editing: DIRM, VO, SAVF, DB, JD.
Author ORCIDs
Diana Isabel Rendón-Mera https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-9486
Daniel Burckhardt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-5268
Sergio Andrés Vargas-Fonseca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-905X
Data availability
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.
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Appendix 1
Green Spaces (UGS) per district (“localidades”). In some instances, the park names as indicated on the collection labels differ from the official names, which are here provided in parentheses. See glossary of terms below, compilated from:
| Neighbourhood / UGS | Identifier | Park level and typology | Park classification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antonio Nariño | |||
| Parque Ciudad Jardín | 15-027 | Structuring (sport) | Zonal |
| Chapinero | |||
| Parque El Chicó | 02-097 | Proximity | |
| Parque El Virrey | 02-014 | Structuring (contemplative) | Zonal |
| Sendero Quebrada La Vieja | – | Protected area | – |
| Engativá | |||
| Jardín Botánico de Bogotá | 10-291 | Structuring (contemplative) | Metropolitan |
| Rafael Uribe Uribe | |||
| Parque Palermo Sur | 18-035 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| San Cristóbal | |||
| Parque La Victoria | 04-122 | Structuring (sport) | Zonal |
| Parque Primero de Mayo (Deportivo Primero de Mayo) | 04-196 | Structuring (sport) | Metropolitan |
| Parque San Cristóbal | 04-127 | Structuring (cultural) | Metropolitan |
| Parque Villa de los Alpes | 04-075 | Structuring (sport) | Zonal |
| Santa Fe | |||
| Parque La Independencia (Independencia-Bicentenario) | 03-039 | Structuring (cultural) | Metropolitan |
| Parque Nacional | 03-035 | Structuring (cultural) | Metropolitan |
| Parque Ilarco | 11-007 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque Tercer Milenio | 03-085 | Structuring (cultural) | Metropolitan |
| Universidad Distrital (Pueblo Viejo) | – | Structuring (NIA) | Zonal |
| Suba | |||
| Cerro La Conejera | – | Protected area | Ecological |
| Parque Canal Molinos (Parque La Alhambra Sector Sur) | 11-097 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Vacant lot | – | ||
| Usaquén | |||
| CAI Santa Barbara (Urbanización Santa Bárbara Primer Sector) | 01-198 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque Altablanca | 01-075 | Structuring (sport) | Zonal |
| Parque Belmira | 01-187 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque Cabañas del Norte | 01-244 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque CAI Lisboa (Urbanización Ginebra Norte) | 01-120 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque Cedro Madeira (El Cedro Maderia) | 01-250 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque Contador Norte | 01-083 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque Ginebra-Bella Suiza | 01-106 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque La Francia (Urbanización Los Molinos) | 01-118 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Parque La Vida | 01-012 | Structuring (recreational) | Zonal |
| Parque Nueva Autopista | 01-064 | Structuring (contemplative) | Zonal |
| Parque Usaquén 2 (Santa Barbara Primer Sector) | 01-087 | Proximity | Neighbourhood |
| Usme | |||
| Parque Chuniza-Famaco (Famaco) | 05-086 | Structuring (cultural) | Zonal |
| Parque La Andrea | 05-004 | Structuring (sport) | Zonal |
| Parque Virrey Sur | 05-016 | Structuring (sport) | Zonal |
Glossary
Contemplative: Spaces designed to promote the richness and diversity of vegetation cover for environmental enjoyment and low-impact human activities. They focus on a contemplative and educational relationship achieved through both permanence and travel. Their main spatial design component is ecological.
Cultural: Spaces designed to serve as meeting places, promoting permanence for the development of civic or cultural activities and outdoor events that highlight cultural values, traditions, and collective memory. The design can incorporate various care and social services, with permanence as the main spatial design component.
Ecological park: Parks that due to their high scenic and/or biological value, as well as their location and accessibility, are intended for the preservation, restoration, and sustainable ecological use of their biophysical elements for environmental education and passive recreation.
Metropolitan park: Parks covering an area of more than 10 hectares, designated for the development of both active and passive recreational uses, aiming to generate landscape and environmental values. The influence of these spaces extends across the entire territory of the city.
Neighbourhood park: Parks with an area of less than one hectare, designed for the recreation, meeting, and integration of the community, addressing the specific needs of the neighbourhoods.
Pocket park: Neighbourhood-type parks but with an area of less than 0.1 hectares, intended primarily for the recreation of children and senior citizens.
Protected area: Spaces with unique value for the natural heritage of the Capital District, ecosystems, biodiversity conservation, and the evolution of culture in the area.
Proximity space: Spaces mostly smaller than one hectare that offer a diverse range of leisure activities at a local scale.
Recreational: Spaces designed to provide facilities for the development of recreational activities, promoting relationships between individuals, the development of skills, and engagement in both free and structured activities. Their main spatial design component is play.
Sport: Spaces designed to accommodate physical activities and sports practice at different levels, including recreational, training, and competitive levels. The activities focus on the physical conditioning of different age groups, either individually or collectively. The main spatial design component of these spaces is sports.
Structuring space: Spaces larger than one hectare that provide a diverse range of leisure activities, supporting both regional and district scales. These spaces contribute not only to human interactions but also to environmental and ecosystemic connectivity.
Zonal park: Parks ranging from 1 to 10 hectares designed to fulfil the active recreational needs of a group of neighbourhoods and can accommodate specialized sport facilities.
References
Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá (2021) Anexo 03. Inventario de espacio público peatonal y para el encuentro. In: Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial: Bogotá Reverdece 2022–2035. Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, Secretaría Distrital de Planeación, Bogotá, 200. https://www.sdp.gov.co/sites/default/files/anexo_03_inventario_espacio_publico_0.pdf [Accessed 24 Nov 2023]
Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá (2022) Manual de espacio público. Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, Secretaría Distrital de Planeación, Bogotá, 476 pp. https://www.sdp.gov.co/sites/default/files/generales/mep_p1-mon.pdf [Accessed 24 Nov 2023]
IDRD (2023a) Buscador de parques. https://portalciudadano.idrd.gov.co/parques/buscar [Accessed 24 Nov 2023]
IDRD (2023b) Parques. Instituto Distrital de Recreación y Deporte. https://sim1.idrd.gov.co/parques-0 [Accessed 24 Nov 2023]