Research Article |
Corresponding author: Jan Bezděk ( bezdek@mendelu.cz ) Academic editor: Caroline Chaboo
© 2024 Jan Bezděk, David Kopr.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Bezděk J, Kopr D (2024) Two new species of Hesperopenna Medvedev & Dang, 1981 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from Singapore. ZooKeys 1192: 45-56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1192.116516
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Two new species of Hesperopenna Medvedev & Dang, 1981 are described from Singapore: H. temasek sp. nov. and H. bakeri sp. nov. The specimens of both new species were collected by Charles Fuller Baker and found in the unidentified Galerucinae material deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Hesperopenna temasek sp. nov. is diagnosed by the black extreme elytral suture in the basal third, antennae longer than the body, the structure of the penis, and the last abdominal ventrite with two deep U-shaped incisions in females. Hesperopenna bakeri sp. nov. is diagnosed by the black tibia and first two tarsomeres, and the structure of the penis.
Charles Fuller Baker, Leaf beetles, Oriental Region, taxonomy
The genus Hesperopenna Medvedev & Dang, 1981 was proposed for a single species H. flava Medvedev & Dang, 1981 from Vietnam (
Hesperopenna species are characterised by a combination of filiform antennae, the anterior margin of pronotum unbordered, the pronotum regularly convex with a shallow oblique impression behind the anterior angles, the procoxal cavities open, the apices of the meso- and metatibiae with a spine. Additionally, metatarsomere I is about as long as two following metatarsomeres combined, the claws are appendiculate, and usually, the aedeagus has a complicated structure (
In general appearance, Hesperopenna species may resemble some Oriental genera/species of the section Monoleptites (e.g., Monolepta Chevrolat, 1836, Ochralea Clark, 1865, Paleosepharia Laboissière, 1936, etc.) but the genus can be easily distinguished by the shorter metatarsomere I (typically elongated in Monoleptites). Also, some species of Erganoides Jacoby, 1903 are similar mainly to smaller species of Hesperopenna. However, the pronotum of Erganoides species is regularly convex, without any oblique impression behind anterior angles.
While studying undetermined Galerucinae material borrowed from the
All measurements were made using an ocular grid mounted on an MBS-10 stereomicroscope (at 16× magnification for the body length and 32× magnification for the remaining measurements). Photographs of specimens were taken with a Canon 800D digital camera with a Canon MP-E 65 mm objective. Images of the same objects at different focal planes were combined using Helicon Focus 8 software. The base distribution map was downloaded from https://d-maps.com/. The pictures were edited with Corel Photopaint 12.
Specimens studied herein are deposited at the following institutes and collections:
JBCB Jan Bezděk collection, Brno, Czech Republic;
Exact label data are cited for all type specimens of described species; a double slash (//) divides the data on different labels and a single slash (/) divides the data in different rows.
Singapore, approx. 1°17'N, 103°51'E.
Holotype
: ♂ (
Body length: ♂♂: 3.6–4.3 mm (holotype 4.3 mm), ♀♀: 3.5–4.3 mm. Body elongate oval, moderately convex, and glabrous. Body brown, except dark apices and outer basal parts of mandibles, furrows around antennal socket and frontal tubercles, extreme elytral suture in basal third, outer extreme margins of epipleura in basal third, and mesepisterna. Antennomeres brown, darkened apical part of each antennomere. Legs with slightly infuscate last two tarsomeres.
Male (holotype, Fig.
Diagnostic characters of Hesperopenna temasek sp. nov. A penis, dorsal view B penis, apical part C penis, lateral view D penis, ventral view E penis, dorsal view, drawing F penis, apical part, drawing G penis, lateral view, drawing H penis, ventral view, drawing I head J spermatheca K last visible abdominal ventrite, female L sternite VIII, female M gonocoxae.
Pronotum transverse, 1.47 times as wide as long, widest in middle. Surface lustrous, glabrous, densely covered with small fine punctures, moderately convex, with shallow impressions from anterior angles parallel with anterior margin. Anterior margin straight, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin widely rounded. Anterior margin unbordered, lateral and posterior margins distinctly bordered. Anterior angles swollen, posterior angles obtusangulate, pointed, each angle with setigerous pore bearing long seta. Scutellum small, triangular with rounded tip, impunctate, and glabrous.
Elytra 1.35 times as long as wide (measured at widest, in posterior third) and 0.67 times as long as body. Surface glabrous, densely covered with very fine, confused punctures. Humeral calli developed. Epipleura lustrous, glabrous, smooth, widest at anterior third, gradually narrowed towards elytral apex. Macropterous.
Procoxal cavities opened behind. Posterior margin of last abdominal ventrite widely concave, surface with distinct transverse impression along posterior margin. Abdomen covered with short sparse setae, posterior margin of last abdominal ventrite with longer setae. All legs densely covered with short recumbent setae. Apices of all tibiae with spine. Protarsomere I elongated triangular, slightly wider than small and triangular protarsomere II, length ratio of protarsomeres I–III and V equals 100-20-20-80 (100 = 0.25 mm). Mesotarsomere I elongated triangular, slightly wider than small and triangular mesotarsomere II, length ratio of mesotarsomeres I–III and V equals 100-50-75-125 (100 = 0.20 mm). Metatarsomere I long, narrow, slightly wider apically, length ratio of metatarsomeres I–III and V equals 100-29-43-57 (100 = 0.4 mm). Claws appendiculate.
Penis (Fig.
Female (Fig.
Dark color on dorsum is rare in Hesperopenna species and is known in a few species: head in H. nigriceps (Kimoto, 2004) from eastern India, head and pronotum in H. nigricollis (Kimoto, 1989) from Thailand, head and pronotum in some specimens of H. bacboensis (Medvedev, 2013) from Vietnam, head and scutellum in some specimens of H. thailandica (Kimoto, 1989) from Thailand, Laos and China (Yunnan), whole elytra in H. gilolo Bezděk, 2023 from Halmahera, and, finally, elytra with a black extreme lateral margin in basal half in H. zofka Bezděk, 2013 from Indonesia (Java, Bali). Hesperopenna temasek sp. nov. has black frontal tubercles and furrows around antennal sockets, extreme elytral suture in basal third, outer extreme margins of epipleura in basal third, and mesepisterna. The antennae are c. 1.20 times as long as body. Most of Hesperopenna species have antennae slightly shorter than body or at least slightly longer (c. 1.05 times as long as body). Longer antennae are known in H. pallida species group (sensu
The females are characterized by the shape of last abdominal ventrite with two deep U-shaped incisions separated by narrow subtriangular process (Fig.
Singapore.
Temasek is an early recorded name of a settlement on the site of modern Singapore. Noun in apposition.
Singapore, approx. 1°17'N, 103°51'E.
Holotype
: ♂ (
Body length: ♂: 5.6 mm (holotype), ♀♀: 5.1–5.8 mm. Body elongate oval, moderately convex, and glabrous. Body orange brown, except darkened apices of mandibles. Antennomeres I–II orange, III–VI black, VII dark brown, VIII–XI brown. Legs brown with black tibia and first two tarsomeres.
Male (holotype, Fig.
Pronotum transverse, 1.35 times as wide as long, widest in middle. Surface lustrous, glabrous, covered with indistinct punctures, moderately convex, with shallow impressions from anterior angles parallel with anterior margin. Anterior margin straight, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin moderately rounded. Anterior margin unbordered, lateral and posterior margins distinctly bordered. Anterior angles distinctly swollen, posterior angles obtusely angulate, each angle with setigerous pore bearing long seta. Scutellum small, triangular with rounded apex, impunctate, and glabrous.
Elytra 1.60 times as long as wide (measured at widest, in posterior third) and 0.71 times as long as body. Surface glabrous except very scarce short setae on apical slopes and on lateral and apical margins, densely covered with very small, confused punctures. Humeral calli developed. Epipleura lustrous, glabrous, smooth, widest at anterior third, gradually narrowed towards elytral apex. Macropterous.
Procoxal cavities open behind. Last abdominal ventrite with well visible impressed furrows forming subtriangular plate, posterior margin of last abdominal ventrite nearly straight. Abdomen covered with sparse setae, plate on last abdominal ventrite with longer and denser setae (Fig.
Diagnostic characters of Hesperopenna bakeri sp. nov. A penis, dorsal view B penis, apical part C penis, lateral view D penis, ventral view E penis, dorsal view, drawing F penis, apical part, drawing G penis, lateral view, drawing H penis, ventral view, drawing I sternite VIII, female J gonocoxae K spermatheca L last visible abdominal ventrite, male M last visible abdominal ventrite, female N pygidium, female.
Penis (Fig.
Female. Last abdominal ventrite without impressed furrows forming subtriangular plate, posterior margin widely rounded with very small apical emargination (Fig.
Having brown legs with black tibia and first two tarsomeres Hesperopenna bakeri sp. nov. is similar to H. tibialis (Kimoto, 1989) from Laos, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, and H. zofka Bezděk, 2013 from Indonesia (Java, Bali) from Hesperopenna medvedevi species group (see
Singapore.
Dedicated to Charles Fuller Baker (1872–1927), an American entomologist, botanist and agronomist, who collected the type series.
Hesperopenna currently includes 39 species (
The depositories of large museums usually contain a large amount of unprocessed and undetermined material (
We would like to thank Alexander S. Konstantinov (
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
No funding was reported.
Conceptualization: JB. Data curation: JB. Investigation: JB. Methodology: JB. Visualization: JB, DK. Writing - original draft: JB. Writing - review and editing: DK.
Jan Bezděk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-7211
David Kopr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-9609
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.