Aulacocentrum pedicellatum Brues, 1922 (examined by CvA).

Holotype , ♀, “Macr.147” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, Vi Xuyen, Phong Quang, forest, 22°54'00"N, 104°54'56"E; 650 m a.s.l.; light trap, 26.v.2022, PT Nhi, PV Phu.

Holotype, female, body length 7.4 mm, fore wing length 6.2 mm, antenna 12.2 mm, ovipositor sheath 7.6 mm (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. 

Habitus of Aulacocentrum assitum Long & Pham, sp. nov., holotype, female, lateral, “Macr.147” (IEBR).

Head. Antenna with 48 flagellomeres; flagellum densely setose; first flagellomere 1.4× second one; length of first and second flagellomeres 7.5 and 5.5× their widths, respectively; subapical antennomere 2.0× its width; apical flagellomere with long spine; in frontal view, width of face 1.2× its length (Fig. 2B); length of maxillary palp 2.2× height of head; face shiny, punctate; malar space as long as basal width of mandible; clypeus convex, finely punctate (Fig. 2B); distance between tentorial pits 1.8× distance from pit to eye margin; in lateral view, eye 3.5× temple medially; head transverse, in dorsal view, head 2.1× as wide as long; and width of head 0.6× median length; temple short, eye 13.5× as long as temple; ocelli large, OOL: OD: POL = 6: 8: 7 (Fig. 2A); frons, temple, and vertex coriaceous.

Figure 2. 

Aulacocentrum assitum Long & Pham, sp. nov., holotype, female, “Macr.147” (IEBR) A head, dorsal B head, frontal C propodeum, dorsal D mesonotum E mesopleuron F first–third metasomal tergites G hind femur H fore wing I hind wing.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.4× its height (Fig. 2E); pronotal trough crenulate medially, mostly smooth dorsally, sparsely punctate ventrally; propleuron densely punctate (Fig. 2E); middle lobe of mesoscutum without impressions anteriorly; notauli narrow, mostly smooth anteriorly, punctate posteriorly; notauli fused posteriorly, separating by mid-longitudinal rugosity (Fig. 2D); median lobe of mesoscutum smooth, with sparse fine punctures; lateral lobes of mesoscutum mostly smooth, with sparse punctures near notauli; scutellum convex, with dense fine punctures; mesopleuron densely punctate (Fig. 2E); metapleuron rugose-punctate; propodeum foveolate-rugose (Fig. 2C).

Wings. Length of fore wing 2.9× its maximum width (Fig. 2H); length of pterostigma 4.0× its width; fore wing vein SR1 2.3× as long as vein 3-SR; vein r originating behind middle of pterostigma, r: 3-SR: SR1 = 11: 25: 57; cu-a slightly inclivous (Fig. 2H), cu-a: 1-CU1: 2-CU1 = 9: 4: 33; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 17: 25: 7; second submarginal cell of fore wing narrowed distally; hind wing vein cu-a: 1-M: 1r-m = 15: 12: 13; vein 2-SC+R vertical; vein SR strongly bent basally, at constriction mostly touching the frontal wing margin (Fig. 2I).

Legs. Hind coxa sparsely setose; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 7.8, 17.8, and 14.0× their maximum widths, respectively; left hind trochantellus with two teeth apically (Fig. 2G); tibial spurs straight, setose, length of hind inner and outer tibial spurs 0.4× and 0.3× hind basitarsus combined; length of hind basitarsus 0.4× hind tibia and 1.1× second–fifth tarsal segments.

Metasoma. Length of metasoma 1.5× head and mesosoma combined; first tergite parallel-sided, flat medio-basally, length 5.1× its apical width; mostly smooth anterior of spiracle, transversely rugose from spiracle to apex; median length of second tergite 1.2× third tergite; second tergite narrowed medio-laterally (Fig. 2F), with fine convergent striae; third tergite with fine parallel striae basally; finely punctate apically; fourth–sixth metasomal tergites punctate, densely setose (Fig. 2F); length of ovipositor sheath 1.2× fore wing.

Colour. Head black; scapus dark brown, cream-white ventrally; pedicel yellow; flagellum brown with flagellomeres 9^th–18^th ivory; mandible yellow; palpi whitish yellow; propleuron brown; middle lobe of mesoscutum and scutellum yellowish brown; lateral lobes of mesoscutum, mesopleuron, metapleuron, and propodeum reddish yellow; fore and middle legs yellow; hind coxa yellow basally, brown apically; hind trochanter and trochantellus infuscate; hind femur dark brown; hind tibia mostly brown, pale yellow basally, cream-white apically; hind tibial and tarsus cream-white; tegula brownish yellow; wing membrane hyaline; veins yellowish brown, except vein 1-R1 and parastigma whitish yellow; pterostigma brown, pale yellow apically; metasoma brown, except first tergite basally, second and third metasomal tergites laterally and ventrally pale yellow; ovipositor sheath brown; ovipositor yellow.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

From assitus (Latin for “near”), because this new species is close to A. seticella van Achterberg & He, 1994, from China.

NE Vietnam (Ha Giang province) (Fig. 16).

This new species is close to A. seticella van Achterberg & He, but differs from the latter by the following characters: 1) length of maxillary palp 2.2× height of head (1.6–1.7× in A. seticella); 2) marginal cell of hind wing as wide basally as apically (Fig. 2I) (strongly widened basally in A. seticella, see He and van Achterberg 1994: fig. 18); and 3) second metasomal suture distinct, basal 1/3 of third tergite finely striate (second suture indistinct, more than basal 1/2 of third tergite finely striate in A. seticella).

Holotype , ♀, “Macr.050” (IEBR), S Vietnam: Dong Nai, Vinh Cuu, Phu Ly, forest, 11°22'52.3”’N, 107°03'43.6"E; 107 m a.s.l., light trap, 03.viii.2008, HV Tru.

Holotype, female, body length 12.0 mm, fore wing length 9.4 mm, antenna 17.6 mm, ovipositor sheath 13.4 mm (Fig. 3).

Figure 3. 

Habitus of Aulacocentrum glabrum Long, sp. nov., holotype, female, lateral, “Macr.050” (IEBR).

Head. Antenna with 51 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.3× second one; length of first and second flagellomeres 3.8 and 4.4× their widths, respectively; length of subapical antennomere 2.7× its width; in frontal view, width of face 0.8× its length (Fig. 4B); length of maxillary palp 2.0× height of head; face densely punctate medially, sparsely punctate laterally (Fig. 4B); malar space 0.9× as long as basal width of mandible; clypeus slightly convex ventrally, sparsely finely punctate (Fig. 4B); distance between tentorial pits 1.3× distance from pit to eye margin; in dorsal view, width of head 2.2× median length; temple short, smooth, eye 15.5× temple; ocelli large, OOL: OD: POL = 6: 9: 9 (Fig. 4A); frons smooth.

Figure 4. 

Aulacocentrum glabrum Long, sp. nov., holotype, female, “Macr.050” (IEBR) A head, dorsal B head, frontal C propodeum D mesonotum E mesopleuron F hind wing G first–third metasomal tergites H left hind femur, outer side.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.4× its height (Fig. 4E); pronotal trough finely and densely crenulate medially, shiny smooth dorsally, finely punctate ventrally; propleuron densely punctate (Fig. 4E); middle and lateral lobes of mesoscutum mostly coriaceous, with sparse fine punctures; notauli crenulate anteriorly, strongly converging posteriorly in a sharp V-shaped depression, divided by mid-longitudinal rugosity (Fig. 4D); scutellar sulcus wide, with one median carina, 0.5× as long as scutellum; scutellum convex, rugose-punctate; mesopleuron densely punctate (Fig. 4E); metapleuron rugulose; propodeum reticulate-rugulose (Fig. 4C).

Wings. Length of fore wing 5.2× its maximum width; length of pterostigma 5.2× its width; fore wing vein SR1 2.2× as long as vein 3-SR; r: 3-SR: SR1 = 12: 37: 80; vein 1-CU1 quadrate; cu-a: 2-CU1 = 11: 52; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 21: 37: 10; second submarginal cell of fore wing narrowed distally; hind wing vein 2-SC+R thick, nearly quadrate; vein 1-M weakly curved basally; hind wing vein cu-a: 1-M: 1r-m = 22: 22: 16; vein SR strongly bent basally (Fig. 4F), and marginal cell largely glabrous basally, wider medially than basally and apically, parallel-sided medially and distinctly widened apically (Fig. 4F).

Legs. Hind coxa densely setose latero-ventrally, but without setae dorso-apically; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 9.1, 17.0, and 12.3× their maximum widths, respectively; left hind trochantellus with four teeth apically (Fig. 4H); length of hind inner and outer tibial spurs 0.4× and 0.3× hind basitarsus, respectively; length of hind basitarsus 0.4× hind tibia and as long as second–fifth tarsal segments combined.

Metasoma. Length of metasoma 1.6× head and mesosoma combined; first tergite deeply concave medio-basally (Fig. 4G), length of first tergite 3.6× its apical width; median length of second tergite 1.1× third tergite; first metasomal tergite transversely striate basally, transverse-obliquely striate medio-subapically, obliquely striate at apex; second tergite with convergent striae on most part of tergite, but with parallel striae apically (Fig. 4G); third tergite with fine striae, mostly smooth apically; remaining metasomal tergites sparsely punctate, with sparse long setae; length of ovipositor sheath 1.4× fore wing.

Colour. Head dark brown; palpi yellow; scapus and pedicellus dark brown; flagellum brown with flagellomeres 8^th–18^th yellow; mesosoma brown; wing veins yellowish brown; tegula yellow; parastigma, pterostigma basally and apically yellow; wing membrane hyaline; fore and middle legs yellow; hind coxa (except apically brown), trochanter and trochantellus yellow; hind tibia brown, except yellow at base; hind tarsus and tibial spurs yellow; metasoma blackish brown, except basal 1/2 of first and third tergites pale yellow; ovipositor sheath brown; ovipositor yellow.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

From glaber (Latin for hairless), referring to the hind wing with both the basal cell apically and the marginal cell basally glabrous.

S Vietnam (Dong Nai province) (Fig. 16).

This new species can be distinguished from other species by the following characters: marginal cell of hind wing largely glabrous basally, and vein 1-CU1 of fore wing quadrate.

Holotype , ♀, “Macr.172” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Tuyen Quang, Lam Binh, Thac Nghien, forest, 22°34.334'N, 105°16.762'E; 114 m, light trap, 21.ix.2017, HTHCT. Paratype, 1♂, “Macr.170” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: topotypic.

Holotype, female, body length 9.8 mm, fore wing length 7.5 mm, ovipositor sheath 10.5 mm (Fig. 5).

Figure 5. 

Habitus of Aulacocentrum imparum Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov., holotype, female, lateral, “Macr.172” (IEBR).

Head. Antenna incomplete, with six flagellomeres remaining; first flagellomere 1.5× second; length of first and second flagellomeres 6.5 and 4.2× their widths, respectively; in frontal view, width of face 0.9× its length (Fig. 6B); length of maxillary palp 1.7× height of head; face densely punctate medially, sparsely punctate laterally (Fig. 6B); malar space 1.1× as long as basal width of mandible; clypeus straight ventrally, sparsely, finely punctate; distance between tentorial pits 1.2× distance from pit to eye margin; in dorsal view, width of head 2.8× median length (Fig. 6A); eye 9.3× as long as temple; ocelli medium-sided, OOL: OD: POL = 9: 9: 10 (Fig. 6A); frons, vertex and temple smooth.

Figure 6. 

Aulacocentrum imparum Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov., holotype, female, “Macr.172” (IEBR) A head, dorsal B head, frontal C propodeum D mesonotum E mesopleuron F first-third metasomal tergites, arrow indicates medio-basal depression G hind coxa, dorsal H first metasomal tergite, lateral I fore wing, arrow indicates vein 1-SR+M of fore wing angularly bent medially J hind wing.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.4× its height (Fig. 6E); pronotal trough largely crenulate medially, mostly smooth ventrally and dorsally; propleuron densely punctate (Fig. 6E); middle lobe of mesoscutum rugulose dorsally; punctate ventrally; notauli sparsely crenulate anteriorly, narrowly fused posteriorly with median rugosity (Fig. 6D); scutellar sulcus with five median carina, 0.5× scutellum; scutellum densely punctate; mesopleuron and metapleuron largely rugose-punctate (Fig. 6E); propodeum mostly transversely rugulose medially (Fig. 6C).

Wings. Length of fore wing 3.0× its maximum width (Fig. 6I); length of pterostigma 3.2× its width; vein SR1 of fore wing 2.1× as long as vein 3-SR; r: 3-SR: SR1 = 10: 29: 60; vein 1-SR+M of fore wing angularly bent medially (Fig. 6I); cu-a: 1-CU1: 2-CU1 = 14: 4: 60; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 18: 29: 10; second submarginal cell of fore wing narrowed distally; hind wing with vein 2-SC+R quadrate (Fig. 6J); vein of hind wing cu-a: 1-M: 1r-m = 15: 13: 10; marginal cell sparsely setose, slightly widened apically.

Legs. Hind coxa densely setose latero-ventrally, densely punctate dorsally, with fine oblique striation apically (Fig. 6G); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 8.4, 16.4, and 8.0× their maximum widths, respectively; left hind trochantellus with three teeth apically; length of hind inner and outer tibial spurs 0.4× and 0.3× hind basitarsus, respectively; length of hind basitarsus 0.3× hind tibia and 1.3× second–fifth tarsal segments combined.

Metasoma. Length of metasoma 1.4× head and mesosoma combined; first tergite slightly concave medio-basally (Fig. 6F), length of first tergite 3.8× its apical width; laterope large (Fig. 6H); second tergite slightly longer than third tergite medially; first metasomal tergite mostly transversely striate; second tergite weakly constricted medio-laterally, with convergent striae on basal 2/3 of tergite, parallel striation on apical third of tergite (Fig. 6F); third tergite finely striate on basal 2/3 of tergite; remaining metasomal tergites coriaceous, with dense setae (Fig. 6F); length of ovipositor 1.4× fore wing.

Colour. Head and mesosoma black; scapus pale yellow, brown dorsally; palpi yellow; fore leg pale yellow, except fore tarsus brownish yellow; middle leg yellow, except middle tarsus brownish yellow; hind coxa brownish yellow, trochanter and trochantellus; hind femur blackish brown, yellow at extreme base; hind tibia blackish brown apically, cream-white basally; hind tibial spurs and tarsus cream-white; tegula cream-white; wing veins brown; parastigma yellow; pterostigma brown, yellow basally and apically; wing membrane hyaline; basal 1/2 of first metasomal tergite pale yellow; apical 1/2 of first tergite and second tergite black; basal 2/3 of third tergite pale yellow, apical 1/3 black; first–third sternites pale yellow and remainder black; ovipositor sheath brown; ovipositor yellow.

Paratype, “Macr.170” (IEBR), body length 7.5 mm, fore wing length 5.5 mm (Fig. 7).

Figure 7. 

Habitus of Aulacocentrum imparum Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov., paratype, male, lateral, “Macr.170” (IEBR).

Head. Antenna with 41 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.3× second; length of first and second flagellomeres 6.7 and 5.0× their widths, respectively; in frontal view, width of face 0.9× its length (Fig. 8B); length of maxillary palp 1.4× height of head; face densely punctate medially, sparsely punctate laterally (Fig. 8B); malar space 1.1× as long as basal width of mandible; clypeus weakly convex in lateral view (Fig. 8C); straight ventrally, sparsely punctate; distance between tentorial pits 1.4× distance from pit to eye margin; in dorsal view, width of head 2.7× median length; eye 7.7× as long as temple; OOL: OD: POL = 6: 6: 9 (Fig. 8A); frons, vertex and temple coriaceous.

Figure 8. 

Aulacocentrum imparum Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov., paratype, male, “Macr.170” (IEBR) A head, dorsal B head, frontal C head, lateral D mesonotum E mesopleuron F fore wing, arrow indicates angular curve of vein 1-SR+M G hind coxa, dorsal H hind wing (part) I first-third metasomal tergites, arrow indicates medio-basal depression.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5× its height; pronotal trough largely crenulate medially, mostly smooth ventrally and dorsally; propleuron rugose-punctate (Fig. 8E); notauli sparsely crenulate anteriorly, narrowly fused posteriorly with median rugosity (Fig. 8D); middle lobe of mesoscutum rugulose dorsally; punctate ventrally; median lobes of mesoscutum sparsely punctate; scutellar sulcus 0.4× scutellum, with one median carina; scutellum densely punctate; mesopleuron rugose-punctate medially, densely punctate ventrally (Fig. 8E); metapleuron rugose-punctate; propodeum mostly transversely rugulose medially.

Wings. Length of fore wing 3.5× its maximum width (Fig. 8F); length of pterostigma 4.8× its width; vein SR1 of fore wing 2.1× as long as vein 3-SR; r: 3-SR: SR1 = 10: 25: 52; vein 1-SR+M of fore wing angularly bent medially (Fig. 8F); cu-a: 1-CU1: 2-CU1 = 6: 3: 37; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 14: 25: 10; second submarginal cell of fore wing narrowed distally; hind wing vein 2-SC+R quadrate (Fig. 8H); vein of hind wing cu-a: 1-M: 1r-m = 16: 12: 10; marginal cell sparsely setose.

Legs. Hind coxa with discrete punctures dorsally, distinctly depressed dorso-apically and mostly smooth (Fig. 8G); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 8.5, 16.8, and 9.0× their maximum widths, respectively; left hind trochantellus with three teeth apically; length of hind inner and outer tibial spurs 0.4× and 0.3× hind basitarsus, respectively; length of hind basitarsus 0.4× hind tibia and 1.2× second–fifth tarsal segments combined.

Metasoma. Length of metasoma 1.5× head and mesosoma combined; first metasomal tergite parallel-sided, with deep medio-basal depression (Fig. 8I), length 4.0× its apical width; second tergite 1.2× third tergite medially; first metasomal tergite mostly transversely striate; second tergite with convergent striae on basal 2/3 of the tergite, parallel striation on apical 1/3 of tergite (Fig. 8I); third tergite finely striate on basal 2/3 of tergite; remaining metasomal tergites coriaceous, with dense setae.

Colour. Head black; scapus whitish yellow, brown dorsally; palpi whitish yellow; antenna brown basally and apically, with 11^th–19^th flagellomeres ivory; pronotum whitish yellow; mesoscutum blackish brown to black; mesopleuron tricoloured, dark brown dorso-anteriorly, brown ventrally and yellow posteriorly; metapleuron entirely yellow (Fig. 8E); propodeum dark brown posteriorly, yellow anteriorly and laterally; fore and middle legs pale yellow; hind coxa reddish yellow (Fig. 8G); trochanter and trochantellus pale yellow; hind femur dark brown, yellow basally; hind tibia blackish brown in apical 3/4 of the tibia, cream-white in basal 1/4 ; hind tibial spurs and tarsus cream-white; tegula cream-white; wing veins brown; vein 1-R1 and parastigma yellow; pterostigma brown, yellow basally; wing membrane hyaline; basal 1/3 of first metasomal tergite pale yellow; apical 1/2 of first tergite and second tergite blackish brown; basal 2/3 of third tergite yellow, apical 1/3 brown; its remainder black.

Unknown.

From impar Latin for unequal, odd, different, because in both sexes, left fore wing with vein 1-SR+M angularly bent medially.

NE Vietnam (Tuyen Quang province) (Fig. 16).

This new species (both sexes) is closely related to A. philippinense (Ashmead) but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: 1) first metasomal tergite with basal depression (vs flat in A. philippinense); 2) second metasomal tergite (female) weakly constricted medio-laterally (vs distinctly constricted medio-laterally in A. philippinense); 3) OOL equal to OD; stemmaticum coriaceous (OOL slightly longer than OD, and stemmaticum rugulose in A. philippinense) and 4) vein 1-SR+M of fore wing angularly bent medially (vs evenly curved in A. philippinense).

Holotype , ♀, “Macr.174” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Cao Bang, Ha Quang, Yen Son, forest, 22°47'11.2"N, 104°54'06"E, 987 m, light trap, 12.vi.2023, Pham TN, Pham VP, Dang TH.

Holotype, female, body length 8.9 mm; fore wing length 7.8 mm; ovipositor 9.0 mm (Fig. 9).

Figure 9. 

Habitus of Aulacocentrum intermedium Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov., holotype, female, lateral, “Macr.174” (IEBR).

Head. Antenna with 47 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.2× second one; length of first and second flagellomeres 6.0 and 4.8× their widths, respectively; in frontal view, width of face 0.9× its length (Fig. 10B); length of maxillary palp 1.4× height of head; face densely punctate; malar space as long as basal width of mandible (Fig. 10C); clypeus less convex (Fig. 10C); straight ventrally, sparsely, finely punctate; distance between tentorial pits 1.6× distance from pit to eye margin; in dorsal view, width of head 2.6× median length (Fig. 10A); eye 8.5× as long as temple; OOL: OD: POL = 7: 8: 10 (Fig. 10A); frons, vertex and temple shiny, smooth.

Figure 10. 

Aulacocentrum intermedium Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov., holotype, female, “Macr.174” (IEBR) A head, dorsal B head, frontal C propodeum, lateral D mesonotum E mesopleuron F propodeum, dorsal G first metasomal tergite, lateral, arrow indicates laterope H fore wing I hind coxa, dorsal J hind wing (part) K first-third metasomal tergites, dorsal, arrow indicates medio-basal depression.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5× its height (Fig. 10E); pronotal trough largely crenulate medially, mostly smooth ventrally and dorsally; propleuron with fine dense punctures (Fig. 10E); middle lobe of mesoscutum densely punctate; lateral lobes of mesoscutum sparsely punctate; notauli narrow, sparsely crenulate anteriorly, narrowly fused posteriorly with median rugosity (Fig. 10D); scutellar sulcus with three median carina, 0.5× scutellum; scutellum densely punctate; mesopleuron and metapleuron largely rugose-punctate (Fig. 10E); propodeum mostly irregularly rugulose (Fig. 10F).

Wings. Length of fore wing 4.1× its maximum width (Fig. 10H); length of pterostigma 4.9× its width; fore wing vein SR1 2.2× as long as vein 3-SR; r: 3-SR: SR1 = 10: 28: 63; cu-a: 1-CU1: 2-CU1 = 4: 9: 50; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 13: 28: 9; second submarginal cell of fore wing narrowed distally; hind wing with vein 2-SC+R horizontal (= longitudinal); vein SC+R1 evenly curved (Fig. 10J); cu-a: 1-M: 1r-m = 10: 15: 15; marginal cell sparsely setose.

Legs. Hind coxa densely setose latero-ventrally, rugose-punctate dorsally, without striation apically (Fig. 10I); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 9.8, 17.7, and 8.0× their maximum widths, respectively; left hind trochantellus with four teeth in one row; length of hind inner and outer tibial spurs 0.4× and 0.3× hind basitarsus, respectively; length of hind basitarsus 0.3× hind tibia and 1.1× second–fifth tarsal segments combined.

Metasoma. Length of metasoma 1.3× head and mesosoma combined; laterope large, fused into a groove posteriorly (Fig. 10G); first tergite evenly widened apically, with medio-basal depression (Fig. 10K); length of first tergite 4.1× its apical width (Fig. 10K); first metasomal tergite parallel-sided, with curved striation medially; second tergite 1.1× third tergite medially (Fig. 10K); second tergite weakly constricted medially, with convergent striae on basal 2/3 of tergite, with parallel striation apically; third tergite mostly coriaceous, with superficial micro-striae basally; remaining metasomal tergites coriaceous, with dense setae.

Colour. Scapus largely whitish yellow, pale brown dorso-apically; flagellum dark brown, with 9^th–18^th middle flagellomeres ivory; palpi cream-white; fore leg yellow except coxa, trochanter and trochantellus whitish yellow; middle leg yellow, except basitarsus and second brown; hind coxa reddish yellow, hind trochanter and trochantellus yellow, hind femur blackish brown to black, reddish yellow at extreme base; apical 1/2 of hind tibia blackish brown, pale yellow basally; hind tibial spurs and tarsus cream-white; pronotum yellow; mesonotum black; metapleuron yellow; propodeum black medio-posteriorly, yellow basally and ventrally; tegula whitish yellow; wing veins brown; parastigma yellow; pterostigma dark brown, yellow basally and apically; wing membrane hyaline; basal 2/3 of first metasomal tergite pale yellow, apical 1/3 black; second tergite entirely black; basal 2/3 of third tergite whitish yellow, black apically; the remainder blackish brown to black; hypopygium brown; ovipositor sheath brown; ovipositor yellow.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

From inter in Latin meaning “between”, because this new species is intermediate between A. imparum sp. nov. and A. philippinense.

NE Vietnam (Cao Bang) (Fig. 16).

This new species is similar to A. philippinense (Ashmead) but can be separated from the latter by the following characters: 1) first metasomal tergite with basal depression (vs flat in A. philippinense); 2) second metasomal tergite weakly constricted medio-laterally (vs distinctly constricted medio-laterally in A. philippinense); 3) stemmaticum coriaceous (vs stemmaticum rugulose in A. philippinense); and 4) hind coxa rugose-punctate dorsally with oblique striation dorso-laterally (vs nearly smooth with transverse striation dorso-apically in A. philippinense).

Holotype , ♀, “Macr.011” (IEBR), NC Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue, A Luoi, A Roang forest, 16°06'36.0"N, 107°24'30.7"E, 700 m, light trap, 7.vi.2006, HV Tru.

Holotype, female, body length 10.3 mm, fore wing length 7.7 mm, antenna 15.0 mm, ovipositor 8.3 mm (Fig. 11).

Figure 11. 

Habitus of Aulacocentrum simulatum Long, sp. nov., holotype, female, dorsal, “Macr.011” (IEBR).

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 44 flagellomeres remaining, with 13 middle flagellomeres ivory; first flagellomere 1.3× second one; length of first and second flagellomeres 6.7 and 5.0× their widths, respectively; length of subapical antennomere 2.7× its width; in frontal view, width of face 0.9× its length (Fig. 12B); length of maxillary palp 1.5× height of head; face plough, with rather dense punctures; malar space 0.8× as long as basal width of mandible; clypeus with fine sparse punctures (Fig. 12B); distance between tentorial pits 2.0× distance from pit to eye margin; in lateral view, eye 5.3× temple; in dorsal view, head transverse, 2.3× as wide as long dorsally (Fig. 12A); eye 7.0× as long as temple; ocelli large, OOL: OD: POL = 4: 8: 8 (Fig. 12A); frons smooth, with median groove; stemmaticum rugose-punctate; vertex and temple punctate.

Figure 12. 

Aulacocentrum simulatum Long, sp. nov., holotype, female, “Macr.011” (IEBR) A head, dorsal B head, frontal C propodeum, dorsal D mesonotum E mesopleuron F fore wing G hind wing H hind trochanter, trochantellus and femur I metasoma.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.4× its height (Fig. 12E); pronotal trough largely crenulate medially, punctate ventrally, smooth medio-dorsally; propleuron rugose-punctate (Fig. 12E); middle lobe of mesoscutum mostly rugose-punctate; lateral lobes densely punctate; notauli sparsely punctate anteriorly, converging posteriorly in a V-shaped depression, transverse rugose area separated by median carina-like rugosity (Fig. 12D); scutellar sulcus deep, with six carinae, 0.5× as long as scutellum; scutellum densely punctate; mesopleuron and metapleuron largely rugose; propodeum rugose-punctate basally and ventrally; coarsely rugulose medio-posteriorly (Fig. 12C).

Wings. Length of fore wing 3.2× its maximum width (Fig. 12F); pterostigma rather broad, length of pterostigma 3.5× as long as width medially; fore wing vein SR1 2.5× as long as vein 3-SR; r: 3-SR: SR1 = 10: 25: 63; vein cu-a vertical; cu-a: 1-CU1: 2-CU1 = 10: 3: 46 (Fig. 12F); vein r-m oblique; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 17: 25: 9; second submarginal cell of fore wing narrowed apically; hind wing with vein 2-SC+R horizontal (= longitudinal) (Fig. 12G); vein SC+R1 distinctly bent (Fig. 12G); cu-a: 1-M: 1r-m = 25: 22: 15; marginal cell of hind wing weakly widened basally, slightly narrowed medially, nearly parallel-sided posteriorly (Fig. 12G).

Legs. Length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 8.3, 14.3, and 7.7× their maximum widths, respectively; left hind trochantellus with seven teeth in two rows apically (Fig. 12H); length of hind inner and outer tibial spurs 0.3 and 0.2× hind basitarsus, respectively; length of hind basitarsus 0.4× hind tibia and 1.2× second–fifth tarsal segments combined.

Metasoma. Length of metasoma 1.3× head and mesosoma combined; first tergite deeply concave medio-basally (Fig. 12I), length of first tergite 3.1× its apical width; median length of second tergite 1.1× third tergite; first metasomal tergite with transverse striation on most of tergite, irregular striation at apex (Fig. 12I); second tergite with convergent striation on basal 2/3 of tergite, parallel striation on apical 1/3 of tergite; third tergite with fine parallel striation on basal 4/5 of tergite, apical 1/5 of tergite smooth and sparsely setose; remaining metasomal tergites smooth with sparse setae; length of ovipositor 1.1× fore wing.

Colour. Head blackish brown; scapus nearly pale yellow entirely, except outer side brownish yellow; flagellum brown basally and apically, 8^th–19^th middle flagellomeres ivory; palpi yellow; mesonotum dark brown to black; metapleuron, propodeum basally yellow, dark brown apically; fore and middle legs yellow; hind leg yellow, except hind femur apically, hind tibia apically brown; tegula yellow; wing veins brown; wing membrane yellow, parastigma and pterostigma basally yellow; ovipositor sheath brown; ovipositor yellow.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

From simulo (Latin for “imitate, copy”), because this new species is similar to A. glabrum sp. nov.

NC Vietnam (Thua Thien-Hue province) (Fig. 16).

The new species is closely related to A. glabrum sp. nov., but differs from the latter by the following characters: 1) hind wing vein cu-a distinctly longer vein 1-M (25: 22) (vein cu-a as long as 1-M in A. glabrum); 2) left hind trochantellus with six teeth (four teeth in A. glabrum); 3) marginal cell of hind wing sparsely setose (largely glabrous in A. glabrum); and 4) first metasomal tergite transversely striate (partly obliquely striate in A. glabrum).

♀, “Bracn.056” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Tuyen Quang, Na Hang, Thanh Tuong, forest, 22°19′01.0″N, 105°24′02″E, 162 m, MT, 15.x.2016, KD Long.

Based on specimen collected in Vietnam, female, body length 7.5 mm; antenna with 50 antennomeres, with nine middle flagellomeres ivory; fore wing 6.0 mm; ovipositor 7.9 mm (Fig. 13A); length of maxillary palp 1.6× height of head; ratio of length of fore wing veins r: 3-SR: SR1 = 10: 23: 41, and 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 13: 23: 6; notauli converging posteriorly in distinct V-shaped depression (Fig. 13B); mesopleuron widely depressed medio-posteriorly (Fig. 13C); hind wing with vein 2-SC+R vertical; vein 1-M curved basally; vein SR mostly touching anterior margin of the wing (Fig. 13D); metasoma 1.5× as long as head and mesosoma combined; first metasomal tergite nearly parallel-sided; length of first tergite 5.2× its apical width; second tergite distinctly constricted medially, with convergent striation; more than basal 1/2 of third tergite finely, longitudinally striate; the remainder coriaceous, densely setose; ovipositor 1.7× metasoma in lateral view, and 1.3× as long as fore wing.

Figure 13. 

Aulacocentrum seticella van Achterberg & He, 1994, “Macr.056” (IEBR) A habitus, female, lateral B mesonotum C mesopleuron D hind wing.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

Eastern Palaearctic: Japan; Korea; Oriental: China (Guangxi, Guizhou); India, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Malaysia (Sabah), Singapore, NE Vietnam (Tuyen Quang province: Na Hang NP) (Fig. 16).

1♀, “Macr.088” (IEBR), S Vietnam: Dong Nai, Vinh Cuu, Phu Ly, TWC, forest, 11°22.612'N, 107°03.594'E, 82 m, light trap, 7.vi.2020, PT Nhi; 2♀, “Macr.112”, “Macr.113” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, Bac Me, Minh Ngoc, forest, 22°43'47.2”’N, 105°12'21.3"E; 207 m, light trap, 21.vii.2019, DT Hoa; 1♀, “Macr.168” (IEBR), NW Vietnam: Son La, Thuan Chau, Chieng Bom, forest, 21°21'11"N, 103°36'24"E, 1100 m, light trap, 01.v.2016, HV Tru; 1♀, “Macr.169” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Tuyen Quang, Na Hang, Trung Phin, forest, 22°30'13.68"N, 105°23'23.82"E, light trap, 18.ix.2017, HTHCT; 1♀, “Macr.175” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, Dong Van, Pho Bang, light trap, 12.vi–17.vi.2023, Dinh Dieu Thuy; 1♂, “Macr.126” (IEBR), S Vietnam: Dong Nai, Vinh Cuu, Phu Ly, Suoi Rong, forest, 11°29'10.3"N, 107°09'58.8"E, 285 m, light trap, 12.vii.2020, PV Phu.

Male, “Macr.126” (IEBR), body length 8.4 mm, fore wing length 5.9 mm (Fig. 14).

Figure 14. 

Habitus of Aulacocentrum philippinense (Ashmead), male, dorsal, “Macr.126” (IEBR).

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 31 flagellomeres remaining; first flagellomere 1.4× second one; length of first and second flagellomeres 6.8 and 5.0× their widths, respectively; in frontal view, width of face 0.9× its length (Fig. 15B); length of maxillary palp 1.7× height of head; face densely punctate medially, sparsely punctate laterally; malar space as long as basal width of mandible; clypeus straight ventrally, sparsely, finely punctate; distance between tentorial pits 1.5× distance from pit to eye margin; in dorsal view, width of head 2.4× median length (Fig. 15A); eye 8.3× as long as temple; ocelli medium-sided, OOL: OD: POL = 8: 8: 10 (Fig. 15A); frons, vertex, and temple shiny, smooth; stemmaticum rugose-punctate.

Figure 15. 

Aulacocentrum philippinense (Ashmead), male, “Macr.126” (IEBR) A head, dorsal B head, frontal C head, lateral D mesonotum E mesopleuron F propodeum, dorsal G hind coxa H first-third metasomal tergites, dorsal I fore wing J hind wing.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.3× its height (Fig. 15E); pronotal trough largely crenulate medially, mostly smooth ventrally and dorsally; propleuron densely punctate (Fig. 15E); middle lobe of mesoscutum rugulose dorsally; punctate ventrally; notauli sparsely crenulate anteriorly, narrowly fused posteriorly with median rugosity (Fig. 15D); scutellar sulcus 2.6× scutellum; scutellum densely punctate; mesopleuron and metapleuron largely rugose-punctate (Fig. 15E); propodeum mostly transversely rugulose (Fig. 15F).

Wings. Length of fore wing 3.3× its maximum width (Fig. 15I); length of pterostigma 3.6× its width; fore wing vein SR1 2.1× as long as vein 3-SR; r: 3-SR: SR1 = 10: 25: 53; cu-a inclivous (Fig. 15I), cu-a: 1-CU1: 2-CU1 = 11: 5: 47; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 16: 25: 8; second submarginal cell of fore wing narrowed distally; hind wing with vein 2-SC+R horizontal (= longitudinal); vein 1-M weakly curved basally (Fig. 15J); cu-a: 1-M: 1r-m = 15: 10: 10; marginal cell sparsely setose.

Legs. Hind coxa elongate, densely setose latero-ventrally, but without setae dorso-apically; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 8.2, 14.4, and 8.7× their maximum widths, respectively; left hind trochantellus with four teeth in one row (Fig. 15G); length of hind inner and outer tibial spurs 0.6× and 0.3× hind basitarsus, respectively; length of hind basitarsus 0.4× hind tibia and 1.1× second–fifth tarsal segments combined.

Metasoma. Length of metasoma 1.4× head and mesosoma combined; first tergite nearly flat medio-basally (Fig. 15H); length of first tergite 3.8× its apical width; second tergite 1.1× third tergite medially (Fig. 15H); first metasomal tergite mostly transversely striate; second tergite with convergent striae on basal 2/3 of the tergite, parallel striation on 1/3 apical of tergite; third tergite finely striate on 2/3 basal of tergite; remaining metasomal tergites coriaceous, with long setae.

Colour. Pale-yellow; scapus largely whitish yellow, brown dorsally and outer side laterally; flagellum brown, with 11^th–19^th middle flagellomeres cream-white; palpi cream-white; fore leg pale yellow except coxa, trochanter and trochantellus cream-white; middle leg yellow, except coxa basally, trochanter and trochantellus paler; hind coxa yellow, hind trochanter and trochantellus dirty yellow, hind femur entirely, apical 2/3 of hind tibia blackish brown; 1/3 of hind tibia and tarsus cream-white to whitish yellow; pronotum brown, whitish yellow dorsally; mesonotum blackish brown to black; propodeum black, pale yellow basally and ventrally; metapleuron whitish yellow; wing veins brown; tegula whitish yellow; wing membrane hyaline; basal 1/3 of first metasomal tergite pale yellow, apical 2/3, and second tergite entirely black; third tergite whitish yellow basally, blackish brown apically; remainder black; ovipositor sheath brown; ovipositor yellow.

NE Vietnam (Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang); NW Vietnam (Son La); S Vietnam (Dong Nai) (Fig. 16).

Figure 16. 

Distribution map of Aulacocentrum species.