Research Article |
Corresponding author: Yun Bu ( buy@sstm.org.cn ) Academic editor: Louis Deharveng
© 2017 Yun Bu, Yan Gao.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Bu Y, Gao Y (2017) Study on Tullbergiidae of Tibet, China I. Metaphorura, Mesaphorura and Prabhergia (Hexapoda, Collembola). ZooKeys 686: 85-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.686.11468
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The Tullbergiidae of Tibet is studied for the first time and the genus Metaphorura Bagnall, 1936 is firstly recorded in China. Metaphorura motuoensis sp. n. from southeastern Tibet is described and illustrated. It is characterized by the presence of 1+1 pseudocelli on thoracic segment I, few vesicles (14 -16) on PAO, pseudocellar formula as 11/111/11111, all pseudocelli of type II, setae p4 on abdominal segment V as microsetae, weakly differentiated sensory seta p3 on abdominal segment V, absence of median process on Abd VI. In addition, Mesaphorura yosii (Rusek, 1967), Mesaphorura hylophila Rusek, 1982, and Prabhergia imadatei Tamura & Zhao, 1996 are recorded in Tibet for the first time. The type specimens of P. imadatei are re-examined and errors in the original description of chaetotaxy are corrected.
chaetotaxy, Motuo, postantennal organ, pseudocelli
The knowledge of the taxonomy of Tullbergiidae from China is quite insufficient and only five species have been recorded to date (
Specimens were collected by Berlese-Tullgren funnels and preserved in 80% ethanol. The material was mounted on slides in Hoyer’s solution and dried in an oven at 60 °C for identification. Observations were done with a phase contrast microscope. Photos were taken by a digital camera installed on the microscope. The type specimens are deposited in Shanghai Natural History Museum (
Abbreviations used in the descriptions:
Th. thoracic segment,
Abd. abdominal segment,
Ant. antennal segment,
Asp. anal spine,
s sensillum,
PAO postantennal organ,
a anterior setae,
m medial setae,
p posterior setae,
pl ,
pso pseudocelli.
Habitus more or less slender. Granulation of the integument moderately fine, with stronger granulation only on head and areas of Abd VI. Usually no crescentic ridges. A median process usually present ventrally between Asp. Antennal segment III with two large sensory clubs, bent towards one another, two small sensory rods and three protecting papillae. Postantennal organ with 14–28 vesicles in two rows. Pseudocelli clearly delimited, with two rows of parallel stripes in the centre (type II). Asp strong, distinctly longer than the claw of leg III.
The genus Metaphorura includes nine species found in Holarctic regions (
Holotype, female (slide no. XZ-C2015014) (
Metaphorura motuoensis sp. n. is characterized by the presence of pseudocelli on thoracic segment I, few simple vesicles (14–16) on PAO, pseudocellar formula as 11/111/11111, all pseudocelli of type II, p4 on abdominal segment V as microsetae, less differentiated sensory setae p3 on abdominal segment V, absence of median process on Abd VI. Bisexual.
Adult body 0.86 mm long in average (0.72–0.95 mm, n = 19), holotype 0.93 mm (Fig.
Metaphorura motuoensis sp. n. (Holotype) 1 Habitus, dorsal view 2 head, dorsal view 3 Left postantennal organ 4 Right postantennal organ (paratype XZ-C2015016) 5 Labium 6 Antenna, segments II–IV, dorsal view 7 Pseudocellus on anterior of head 8 Pseudocellus on Th. I 9 Pseudocellus on Th. II 10 Pseudocellus on Th. III 11 Pseudocellus on Abd. I 12 Pseudocellus on Abd. II 13 Pseudocellus on Abd. IV 14 Pseudocellus on Abd. V 15 Female genital plate 16 Male genital plate (paratype XZ-C2015021). Arrows in figs 7–14 indicate the pseudocelli.
Head seta a0 present (18–20 μm), c1 absent, oc2 as macroseta (23–25 μm), sd5 as mesoseta (18–21 μm) (Fig.
Antenna (100–115 μm) shorter than head (130–135 μm). Ant. I and II with seven and eleven setae respectively (Figs
Legs without clavate tenant hairs (Fig.
Adult chaetotaxy given in Figs
Number of ventral setae on Abd. II, III and IV variable, with 18–20, 19–23, and 22–26 setae respectively (Fig.
The species is named after the Motuo county where the type specimens were collected.
Known only from the type locality.
There are two genera of Tullbergiidae with two anal spines, three protecting papillae, three thick sensory clubs on antennal segment III, and an elongate PAO and body longer than 0.7 mm: Delamarephorura and Metaphorura. The new species better fits Delamarephorura in the presence of crescent ridges on Abd. VI, which are absent in Metaphorura, and the presence of a “median process” on Abd. VI which is present in Metaphorura (present or absent in Delamarephorura). However, according to
Metaphorura motuoensis sp. n. has few simple vesicles (14–16) on PAO and lacks the median process on Abd. VI which clearly separate it from other congeners. It is similar to M. affinis (Börner, 1902) in the presence of simple vesicles on PAO and the pseudocellar formula on the body, but differs in the presence of a crescentic ridge on Abd. VI, fewer vesicles on PAO (20–25 vesicles in M. affinis), two pairs of m-setae m3 and m4 on Abd IV (three pairs of m-setae in M. affinis: m2, m3, m4), and absence of median process on Abd. VI (presence of a pointed projection in M. affinis) and less differentiated sensory seta p3 on abdominal segment V (flame-like p3 in M. affinis). It is even more similar to Delamarephorura capensis Janion, Deharveng & Weiner, 2013, from which it differs by seta p1 on head much longer than p2 (versus of same size in D. capensis).
2 female, 1 juvenile (slides nos. XZ-C2015064, XZ-C2015065) (
Cosmopolitan. In China the species was recorded in Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Shandong, Shanghai, Yunnan, Zhejiang, and for the first time in Tibet in this paper.
11 females (slides nos. XZ-C2015083, XZ-C2015153, XZ-C2015154, XZ-C2015171, XZ-C2015172), 1 juvenile (No. XZ-C2015053) (
Widely distributed in Palaearctic region. In China the species was recorded in Hebei (Bu and Gao 2017) and for the first time in Tibet in this paper.
1 female (slide no. XZ-C2015071) (
The species was only known from its type locality in Yunnan Province, southeast China. It is here recorded for the first time in Tibet.
The description of dorsal chaetotaxy of Prabhergia imadatei in the original paper contains some errors, such as nominations and numbers of anterior and medial setae on Th. II and III, Abd. I–V. The type specimens were examined and a revised dorsal chaetotaxy of the species is given below in Table
We give our cordial gratitude to Dr. Gang Yang for his generous help during the collection and Dr. José G. Palacios-Vargas (Mexico), Dr. Wanda Maria Weiner (Poland) for their valuable comments during the review of this manuscript. Special thanks are giving to Dr. Shan Li for her generous help in the language corrections. This study was sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (no17ZR1418700) and Research Funds for the Introduction of Talents of Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.