Holotype : China • 1♂; Hunan Province, Shaoyang City, Xinning County, Shunhuangshan National Forest Park; 26°23.78'N, 111°00.47'E; alt. 750 m; 22-viii-2020; light trap; W. Cao leg.; NJAU Tricho-20200822-0001. Paratypes: China • 1♂; same data as holotype; NJAU Tricho-20200822-0002 • 1♂; Hunan Province, Shaoyang City, Chengbu County, Yaorenping hydropower station; 26°14.95'N, 110°30.26'E; alt. 900 m; 24-v-2021; light trap; L. Peng leg.; NJAU Tricho-20210524-0001.

This species is unique among Psychomyia in that the coxopodites and the harpagones are completely fused and together form an S or Z shape in ventral view.

Male. Length of each forewing 3.6–3.8 mm (n = 3); holotype 3.7 mm. Specimens in alcohol with compound eyes black; body brown dorsally and light yellow ventrally. Forewings with forks II–V present, hind wings with forks II, III, and V present. Genitalia. Sternum IX nearly trapezoidal with anterior margin concave in ventral view (Fig. 1A); rounded, semicircular in lateral view (Fig. 1C). Tergite IX produced from dorsoposterior margin of sternum IX, membranous, somewhat bowl-shaped with apical margin sinuate and partially hidden under two superior appendages in dorsal view (Fig. 1B), tongue-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 1C). Superior appendages in dorsal view wide and long, each with larger mesobasal lobe and smaller subapical lobe both directed mesad and with apex truncate (Fig. 1B), twisted and clavate, each with inner side having cluster of spines subapically in ventral view (Fig. 1D); subrectangular in lateral view, each with blunt basodorsal process, angled posterodorsad at 2/3 length to truncate apex (Fig. 1C). Phallobase slender, basally directed anterad and evenly recurved posterad in lateral view (Fig. 1C). Phallotheca tubular, basally directed anterad, evenly recurved dorsad, caudad at midlength, and posteroventrad distally; apically depressed and trifurcate, acute mesally and with pair of long, subapical processes projecting caudad, then recurved dorsad and diverging anterolaterad (Fig. 1A–C). Inferior appendages in ventral view sigmoid (Fig. 1A), in lateral view strongly C-shaped (Fig. 1C); coxopodites elongate-rectangular in lateral view, heavily setose, and fused with slender harpago (Fig. 1C).

Figure 1. 

Psychomyia shuni sp. nov., male adult, holotype A genitalia, ventral B genitalia, dorsal C genitalia, left lateral D superior appendage, ventral. Abbreviations: ste. IX = sternum IX; ter. IX = tergum IX; sup. app. = superior appendage (paired); cox. = coxopodite (paired); har. = harpago (paired); phb. = phallobase; pht. = phallotheca; sub. pro. = subapical process of phallic apparatus.

Latin noun in genitive singular. The new species is named after Shun, a leader of tribal alliances in ancient China, who is considered an important founder of the Chinese civilization. Moreover, the holotype and one of the paratypes were collected at Mt Shun-huang, the mountain named after Shun.

China (Hunan).

Holotype : China • 1♂; Hunan Province, Chenzhou City, Yizhang County, Mangshan National Forest Park; 24°58.80'N, 112°55.65'E; alt. 730 m; 1-ix-2020; light trap; W. Cao leg.; NJAU Tricho-20200901-0001. Paratypes: China • 10♂; same data as holotype; NJAU Tricho-20200901-0002 to Tricho-20200901-00011.

This species is similar to Psychomyia cuspidata Li, Qiu & Morse, 2021 from China (Qiu and Morse 2021). However, P. mangshanensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) each superior appendage has a small triangular protrusion in the middle of the ventral margin in lateral view, which is missing in P. cuspidata; (2) the basal process of each superior appendage is unbranched and with thick spine apically, whereas each superior appendage is two-branched, each branch has a thick spine apically in P. cuspidata; and (3) the phallotheca is slightly wavy at midlength in lateral view but with an obtuse angle in P. cuspidata.

Male. Length of each forewing 2.8–3.1 mm (n = 10), holotype forewing 3.0 mm. Specimens in alcohol with compound eyes black; body dark brown dorsally and light brown ventrally. Forewings each with forks II–V present, and hind wings each with forks II and V present. Genitalia. Sternum IX subrectangular in ventral, dorsal, and lateral views (Fig. 2A, C). Tergite IX short and triangular in dorsal and lateral views (Fig. 2B, C). Division between tergite IX and segment X indiscernible in dorsal view (Fig. 2B) but distinguished by membrane in lateral view (Fig. 2C). Segment X parallel-sided, same width as apex of tergite IX, apically truncate in dorsal view, digitate in lateral view (Fig. 2C); with several long thick apical setae in dorsal and lateral views (Fig. 2B, C). Superior appendages well developed in lateral view, each tapering from base towards apex, divided into one narrow dorsomesal branch and one broad ventrolateral branch subapically; dorsomesal branch sclerotized and bare, acute in lateral view, ventrolateral branch setose about twice as wide as upper branch in lateral view (Fig. 2C); in ventral and dorsal views (Fig. 2A, B), dorsomesal branches of superior appendages angled mesad, ventrolateral branches curved slightly mesad; paired basal processes of superior appendages tubular, and slender, each with thick spine apically; in lateral view each with base directed dorsad, then recurved posteroventrad and evenly curved caudad (Fig. 2C); in ventral and dorsal views each slightly curving outwards (Fig. 2A, B). Phallobase slender, lanceolate in lateral view (Fig. 2C). Phallotheca tubular, with base produced caudad in lateral view (Fig. 2C), main portion sinuate, with apex hooked dorsad; phallotheca stick-like in ventral view (Fig. 2A), basoventral process plate-shaped, three times wider than main portion of phallotheca. Inferior appendages extending posterolaterad; coxopodites subtriangular, with their bases fused in ventral view (Fig. 2A); subrectangular, about 3 times as long as tall with middle of dorsal margin concave in lateral view (Fig. 2C); harpagones setose, arising from apices of coxopodites, fingerlike (Fig. 2A, C).

Figure 2. 

Psychomyia mangshanensis sp. nov., male adult, holotype A genitalia, ventral B genitalia, dorsal C genitalia, left lateral. Abbreviations: ste. IX = sternum IX; ter. IX = tergum IX; seg. X = segment X; sup. app. = superior appendage (paired); bas. pro. sup. = basal process of superior appendage (paired); cox. = coxopodite (paired); har. = harpago (paired); pht. = phallotheca; bas. pro. pha. = basoventral process of phallic apparatus.

Latin feminine adjective mangshanensis, referring to the type locality.

China (Hunan).

Holotype : China • 1♂; Fujian Province, Longyan City, Wuping County, Liangyeshan National Nature Reserve; 25°12.37'N, 117°11.03'E; alt. 750 m; 2-vii-2021; light trap; J. Zhu & W. Han leg.; NJAU Tricho-20210702-0001. Paratype: China • 1♂; same data as holotype; NJAU Tricho-20210702-0002.

This species is similar to Psychomyia shuni sp. nov. from China in having the superior appendages with dense spines mesally and in having well-developed subapical processes on the phallic apparatus. However, P. capricornis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the long, slender processes arising from the bases of the coxopodites, which are absent in P. shuni.

Male. Length of each forewing 3.5–3.7 mm (n = 2), holotype forewing 3.7 mm. Specimens in alcohol with compound eyes black, body brown dorsally, light yellow ventrally. Forewings with forks II–V present, hind wings with forks II, III, and V present. Genitalia. Sternum IX nearly trapezoidal with anterior margin concave in dorsal view (Fig. 3B); rounded anteriorly, subelliptical in lateral view (Fig. 3C); with posterior margin narrowly notched mesally in ventral view (Fig. 3A). Tergite IX membranous with irregular posterior margin in dorsal view (Fig. 3B); hemispherical in lateral view (Fig. 3C). Superior appendages elongate-triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 3B); subrectangular in lateral view (Fig. 3C), anterior margin of each produced into apodeme, distal half setose, upper margin sinuate and lower margin straight, with apex oblique and rounded; each with base produced dorsomesad (Fig. 3B, C); mesal ridge cambered and subtriangular with ventral side covered with spines (Fig. 3B, D); elliptical in lateral view (Fig. 3C); and with subapex produced into blunt process mesally in ventral and dorsal views (Fig. 3B, D). Phallobase hemispherical in lateral view (Fig. 3C). Phallotheca directed dorsad basally, then curved dorsocaudad about 90°, subapically with dorsal margins produced into pair of slender and apically acute subapical processes (or “horns”), and distal end hooked dorsad (Fig. 3C); in ventral and dorsal views subapical processes curved outwards at middle (Fig. 3A). Coxopodites setose, each with subapical harpago produced inwards as triangular process in ventral view (Fig. 3A); inconspicuous in lateral view (Fig. 3C). Long, slender, bare process arising from base of each coxopodite, sinuate, apically acute in ventral and lateral views (Fig. 3A, C); extending far beyond apex of coxopodite and harpago, and with distal ends of opposing processes crossed above phallotheca in ventral and dorsal views (Fig. 3A, B).

Figure 3. 

Psychomyia capricornis sp. nov., male adult, holotype A genitalia, ventral B genitalia, dorsal C genitalia, left lateral D superior appendages, ventral (mesal spines omitted on right superior appendage). Abbreviations: ste. IX = sternum IX; ter. IX = tergum IX; sup. app. = superior appendage (paired); mes. rid. = mesal ridge of a superior appendage (paired); cox. = coxopodite (paired); bas. cox. = basal process of coxopodite (paired); har. = harpago (paired); phb. = phallobase; pht. = phallotheca; sub. pro. = subapical process of phallic apparatus.

The Latin feminine adjective capricornis means “goat’s horn”, referring to the shape of the pair of subapical processes on the phallic apparatus.

China (Fujian).

Holotype : China • 1♂; Hunan Province, Shaoyang City, Suining County, Jiuxi Bamboo Tower Villa; 26°24.39'N, 110°05.68'E; alt. 630 m; 25-v-2021; light trap; L. Peng leg.; NJAU Tricho-20210525-0001. Paratypes: China • 1♂; same data as holotype; NJAU Tricho-20210525-0002 • 1♂; Hunan Province; Shaoyang City, Suining County, Guanyinxing; 26°24.77'N, 110°05.39'E; alt. 550 m; 28-v-2021; light trap; L. Peng leg.; NJAU Tricho-20210528-0001.

This species is similar to Lype lubaretsi Arefina, 2005 from Russia. However, the new species can be easily distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) longitudinally, sternum IX of L. sagittalis sp. nov. is subtriangular in lateral view, rather than subrectangular in L. lubaretsi; (2) each of the coxopodites of the new species is subcircular in lateral view, but elliptical in L. lubaretsi; (3) the fused coxopodites in ventral view have a narrow mesal notch in the new species, rather than with a wide mesal notch in L. lubaretsi; (4) the aedeagus is sagittal, with its apex truncate in dorsal view and pipe-shaped in lateral view in L. sagittalis sp. nov., but nearly triangular with apex broad in ventral view, triangular with a sharp apex in lateral view in L. lubaretsi.

Male. Length of each forewing 4.2–4.4 mm (n = 3), holotype 4.4 mm. Specimens in alcohol with compound eyes black; antennae, legs, and thorax brown; wings light brown without any distinctive markings; abdomen dark brown dorsally, pale yellow ventrally. Genitalia: Sternum IX subrectangular, anterior margin shallowly concave, posterior margin more deeply concave in ventral view (Fig. 4A); subtriangular in lateral view (Fig. 4C). Tergite IX covered with fine microchaetae, subtriangular with distal end truncate in dorsal view (Fig. 4B); tongue-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 4C), broadly fused with segment X. Segment X subrectangular and almost surrounding phallic apparatus in lateral and ventral views (Fig. 4C, E); apex excised mesally in dorsal view (Fig. 4B). Superior appendages elongate-oval in dorsal view (Fig. 4B); lanceolate, tilted posterodorsad in lateral view (Fig. 4C). Coxopodites each subcircular in lateral view (Fig. 4C); bases fused with each other in ventral view and with narrow notch between them apically about half their length, each with setose posteromesal corner produced caudad (Fig. 4A). Harpagones twice as long as coxopodites, each more-or-less parallel-sided, each with lower margin slightly concave, upper margin sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 4C); the pair divergent basally, evenly curved laterad and mesad to become somewhat forcipiform, with bases and distal ends enlarged in ventral view (Fig. 4A). Phallotheca massive, constricted at middle in lateral view (Fig. 4C), with apical margin membranous. Aedeagus sclerotized, depressed, broad in dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 4D, E); pipe-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 4C). Subapical projection of aedeagus sclerotized, finger-like in lateral and dorsal views (Fig. 4C, D).

Figure 4. 

Lype sagittalis sp. nov., male adult, holotype A genitalia, ventral B genitalia, dorsal C genitalia, left lateral D phallotheca apex, dorsal E phallotheca apex and segment X, ventral. Abbreviations: ste. IX = sternum IX; ter. IX = tergum IX; seg. X = segment X; sup. app. = superior appendage (paired); cox. = coxopodite (paired); har. = harpago (paired); pht. = phallotheca; aed. = aedeagus; sub. pro. aed. = subapical projection of aedeagus.

The Latin feminine adjective sagittalis, meaning “arrow-shaped”, and refers to the shape of the aedeagus in dorsal and ventral views.

China (Hunan).

Holotype : China • 1♂; Hainan Province, Sanya City, Tianya district, Tangta reservoir; 18°24.55'N, 109°23.27'E; alt. 240 m; 24-vii-2022; light trap; L. Peng & H. Zang leg.; NJAU Tricho-20220724-0001. Paratypes: 25♂, 16♀; same data as holotype; NJAU Tricho-20220724-0002 to Tricho-20220724-0042.

This species is similar to Paduniella sampati Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1993 from Thailand in having the superior appendages furcated at their bases in dorsal view and in the shape of the phallic apparatus in the lateral view. However, P. fasciaria sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the possession of a slender median process.

Male. Length of each forewing 2.6–3.0 mm (n = 10), holotype 2.9 mm. Specimens with compound eyes black, antennae approximately of same length as forewings; body brown; head, bases of antennae, thorax covered with brown, short hair; wings mostly covered with brown, short hair; each forewing with transversal white band at middle (Fig. 5D, E). Genitalia. Sternum IX subrectangular with anterodorsal angle produced into subrectangular process in lateral view (Fig. 5C); and transversely elongate-rectangular with anterior margin having deep U-shaped incision in ventral view (Fig. 5A). Tergum IX membranous, with base fused with superior appendages, somewhat clavate in lateral view (Fig. 5C), directed posterodorsad; transversely subrectangular in dorsal view, with anterior margin slightly convex and posterior margin undulated (Fig. 5B). Superior appendages large, forming a parallelogram shape in lateral view (Fig. 5C); in dorsal view (Fig. 5B) each with basal portion furcate, basolateral lobe slightly longer than inner one, tapering distally with apex curved mesad and crossing apex of opposing superior appendage, setose subapically. Sclerotized strips slightly clavate in lateral view (Fig. 5C) and somewhat V-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 5B). Median process mostly slender with sharp apex, insertion between sclerotized strips broad in dorsal view (Fig. 5B). Inferior appendages each with basal half broad, then abruptly narrowed at mid length and tapered towards apex in lateral view (Fig. 5C); basal half broad, then abruptly narrowed, with apex slightly enlarged and curved mesad in ventral view (Fig. 5A), mesal branch lamellar, setose, arising from middle part of inner surface (Fig. 5B, C). Phallobase well developed, basally clavate in lateral view (Fig. 5C); with upper margin having deep incision in ventral and lateral views (Fig. 5A, C), tapering from base to apex, phallicata tubular, curved slightly upwards in lateral view (Fig. 5C); about same length as phallobase (Fig. 5A, C).

Figure 5. 

Paduniella fasciaria sp. nov., male adult, holotype (A–C) and paratypes (D, E) A genitalia, ventral B genitalia, dorsal C genitalia, left lateral D male adult habitus, right lateral E male adult habitus, dorsal. Abbreviations: ste. IX = sternum IX; ter. IX = tergum IX; sup. app. = superior appendage (paired); med. pro. = median process; inf. app. = inferior appendage (paired); m. b. inf. app. = mesal branch of inferior appendage (paired); scl. str. = sclerotized strip; phb. = phallobase; phc. = phallicata. The scale bar refers to A–C.

The Latin feminine adjective fasciaria, meaning “banded,” refers to the band of white hairs across each wing in dorsal view.

China (Hainan).

Holotype : China • 1♂; Hainan Province, Sanya City, Tianya district, Hongxin village, Hongxinxi River; 18°27.78'N, 109°27.88'E; alt. 150 m; 22-vii-2022; light trap; L. Peng & H. Zang leg.; NJAU Tricho-20220722-0001. Paratypes: China • 2♂; same data as holotype; NJAU Tricho-20220722-0002 to Tricho-20220722-0003 • 2♂; Hainan Province, Sanya City, Tianya district, Fuwan reservoir; 18°16.80'N, 109°28.94'E; alt. 60 m; 25-vii-2022; light trap; L. Peng & H. Zang leg.; NJAU Tricho-20220725-0001 to Tricho-20220725-0002.

This species is similar to Paduniella nama Johanson & Oláh, 2010 from Vietnam. However, P. sanyaensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) the tergum IX is similar in width to the sclerotized strips in lateral view, whereas in P. nama tergum IX significantly wider than sclerotized strips; (2) the superior appendages are elongate-triangular in lateral view, but subrectangular in P. nama; and (3) the phallobase is enlarged, nearly triangular in lateral view, a feature missing in P. nama.

Male. Length of each forewing 2.1–2.3 mm (n = 5), holotype 2.3 mm. Specimens in alcohol uniformly pale yellow-brown, antennae annulate with brown. Genitalia. Sternum IX in lateral view with lower portion subrectangular and upper portion produced anterodorsad on each side into slender lobe (Fig. 6C); in ventral view transversely subrectangular (Fig. 6A). Sclerotized portion of tergum IX L-shaped, upturned distally, distal end membranous in lateral view (Fig. 6C); somewhat crescentic in dorsal view (Fig. 6B). Superior appendages elongate-triangular in lateral view (Fig. 6C); lightly twisted and triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 6B). Sclerotized strips slightly clavate in lateral view (Fig. 6C). Median process slender, tubular, arising from anterior bases of sclerotized strips above phallobase (Fig. 6B, C). Inferior appendages each with basal 1/4 broad, then narrower, with upper and lower margins parallel to each other and slightly sinuous, apex truncate in lateral view (Fig. 6C); curved mesad with apex slightly enlarged in ventral view (Fig. 6A); mesal branch of each inferior appendage arising from middle part of inner surface, elongate-triangular in ventral view (Fig. 6A). Phallobase well developed, subtriangular, about half as long as phallicata in lateral view (Fig. 6C); subcircular in ventral view (Fig. 6A); phallicata curved posteroventrad, compressed, with apex enlarged in lateral view (Fig. 6C); slender in ventral view (Fig. 6A); paramere slender, shorter than phallicata in lateral view (Fig. 6C).

Figure 6. 

Paduniella sanyaensis sp. nov., male adult, holotype A genitalia, ventral B genitalia, dorsal C genitalia, left lateral. Abbreviations: ste. IX = sternum IX; ter. IX = tergum IX; sup. app. = superior appendage (paired); med. pro. = median process; inf. app. = inferior appendage (paired); m. b. inf. app. = mesal branch of inferior appendage (paired); para. = paramere; scl. str. = sclerotized strip; phb. = phallobase; phc. = phallicata.

Latin feminine adjective sanyaensis, the name referring to the location of the type locality in Sanya City.

China (Hainan).

Holotype : China • 1♂; Hainan Province, Sanya City, Tianya district, Fuwan reservoir; 18°16.80'N, 109°28.94'E; alt. 60 m; 25-vii-2022; light trap; L. Peng & H. Zang leg.; NJAU Tricho-20220725-0003.

This species is similar to Tinodes igok Kimmins, 1955 from Malaysia in the composition and morphology of the male genitalia, but it can be distinguished by: (1) two unpaired inner branches of the phallic sheath processes, of which one is short and straight and the other one curved, whereas both branches are curved in T. igok; (2) the mesal digitate process of each coxopodite is shorter than the harpago, curved, and with a sharp apex in ventral view, but is undulated and almost the same length as the harpago in T. igok; and (3) the phallic guide is divided into two branches with the dorsal one extending backward beyond the coxopodites in lateral view, rather than having only one uncinate branch that is not longer than the coxopodites in T. igok.

Male. Length of each forewing 3.1 mm (n = 1). Specimen in alcohol with compound eyes black, antennae yellowish white; thorax and legs brown, wings light brown without any distinctive markings; abdomen dark brown dorsally, pale yellow ventrally. Genitalia. Sternum IX transversely subrectangular in ventral view (Fig. 7A); subtriangular in lateral view (Fig. 7C). Tergum IX covered with microchaetae, with anterior margin slightly sinuate and middle of posterior margin produced posterad in dorsal view (Fig. 7B); broader and subapically angled slightly caudad in lateral view (Fig. 7C). Segment X membranous, closely fused with tergum IX, its posterior margin nearly truncate in dorsal view (Fig. 7B); subrhomboid in lateral view (Fig. 7C). Superior appendages each with distal half setose, clavate, and with apex rounded in lateral view (Fig. 7C); parallel-sided in dorsal view (Fig. 7B). Phallic sheath process consisting of paired lateral branches and unpaired inner branches; paired lateral branches compressed and spoon-like, semicircular, and resembling nesting bird in lateral view (Fig. 7C, E), each with several strong spines at middle near ventral edge and distal half setose; fused basally, resembling pair of clam shells in ventral view (Fig. 7D); two unpaired inner branches strongly sclerotized (Fig. 7D, E); one of them straight, one curved; phallus slightly extending beyond tip of phallic sheath process, with distal end membranous in ventral view (Fig. 7D), base and apex swollen in lateral view (Fig. 7E); ejaculatory duct slender, with subapex S-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 7C). Phallic guide with subapex wider and then divided into two branches in lateral view (Fig. 7C), dorsal branch slender, curved downwards distally and gradually narrowed to sharp apex; ventral branch short. Coxopodites elliptical in lateral view (Fig. 7C); fused with each other basally in ventral view (Fig. 7A), each with posterodorsal angle digitate and posterior margin having tiny submesal digitate process; harpago setose, small, and simple (Fig. 7A, C).

Figure 7. 

Tinodes aviformis sp. nov., male adult, holotype A genitalia, ventral B genitalia, dorsal C genitalia, left lateral D phallic complex, ventral E phallic complex, left lateral. Abbreviations: ste. IX = sternum IX; ter. IX = tergum IX; seg. X = segment X; sup. app. = superior appendage (paired); cox. = coxopodite (paired); har. = harpago (paired); pha. = phallus; pha. gui. = phallic guide; inn. pha. she. pro. = inner phallic sheath process; lat. pha. she. pro. = lateral phallic sheath process (paired); eja. duc. = ejaculatory duct.

The Latin masculine adjective aviformis, meaning “bird-shaped,” and refers to the shape of the pair of lobes of the lateral phallic sheath process in lateral view.

China (Hainan).

China – Hainan Province • 1♂; Ledong County, Jianfeng Town, Jianfengling National Forest Park, Rainforest Valley; 18°44.72'N, 108°56.08'E; alt. 640 m; 17-iv-2019; light trap; H. Song leg.; NJAU Tricho-20190417-0001.

China (Hainan [new record]); Thailand.

China – Hainan Province • 1♂, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong City, Yunjinghong Street G214; 22°01.75'N, 100°52.12'E; alt. 660 m; 26-vii-2021; light trap; K. Jiang leg.; NJAU Tricho-20210726-0001.

China (Yunnan [new record]); India (Andaman Islands).

China – Sichuan Province • 1♂; Yibin City, Pingshan County, Xining River; 28°41.15'N, 103°45.97'E; alt. 370 m; 12-v-2020; X.Y. Ge & X. Chen leg.; NJAU Tricho-20200512-0001.

China (Sichuan [new record]); Thailand.

China – Guangdong Province • 2♂; Huizhou City, Yuguishan Nature Reserve; 22°25.80'N, 113°26.39'E; alt. 290 m; 17-ix–22-x-2020; Malaise trap; Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences leg.; NJAU Tricho-20201022-0001 to Tricho-20201022-0002 • 20♂; Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan National Nature Reserve; 23°09.50'N, 112°32.46'E; alt. 170 m; 9-ix–9-x-2021; Malaise trap; Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences leg.; NJAU Tricho-20201009-0001 to Tricho-20201009-0020.

China (Guangdong [new records]); Vietnam.

China – Sichuan Province • 200+♂; Pingwu County, tributary of Fujiang, 19 km E of Pingwu downtown; 32°24.72'N, 104°45.49'E; alt. 1090 m; 27-vi-1990; J.C. Morse leg.; NJAU Tricho-19900627-0001 to Tricho-19900627-0200 • 200+♂; Pingwu downtown; 17 km E of Ping-wu trib. of Fujianghe; 32°24.48'N, 104°44.36'E; alt. 1090 m; 27-vi-1990; L. Yang & Y. Li leg.; NJAU Tricho-19900627-0201 to Tricho-19900627-0400 • 16♂, Kangding County, Guzazhen Town, Dadu River, Wasigou, at suspension footbridge, across the river from G318 at 2819.9 km stone marker 30°04.53'N, 102°09.61'E, alt. 1430 m, 29-vi-2005, Coll. X. Zhou, CJ Geraci leg.; NJAU Tricho-20050629-0001 to Tricho-20050629-0016 – Gansu Province • 6♂; Wenxian County, Bikou Town, Bifeng Gully; 32°44.72'N, 105°14.64'E; alt. 650 m; 16-vi-1998; L. Yang leg.; NJAU Tricho-19980616-0001 to Tricho-19980616-0006.

China (Sichuan, Gansu).

The specimens that we examined included topotypes that were collected at the same time as the type specimen of this species (Qiu and Morse 2021). We found that the harpagones each had four apical processes, which is rare in Psychomyia, occurring only in P. polyacantha and P. imamiah. By comparing these specimens and published descriptions and figures of the male genitalia of these two species, we believe that the morphological characteristics of the two species overlap. The type locality of P. polyacantha is in the basin of the Fujiang River, and the Fujiang River flows into the Jialing River, and the paratypes of P. polyacantha and the holotype of P. imamiah are from the basin of the Dadu River, which merges into the Minjiang River. Both the Jialing and Minjiang rivers are tributaries of the Yangtze, and their upstream habitats are similar and geographically adjacent. In summary, we identify P. polyacantha as a synonym of P. imamiah.