Chthonius opticus Ellingsen, 1907, by original designation.

多毛异伪蝎.

Holotype : China • ♂; Chongqing Municipality, Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Wushanya; 31°28.356′N, 109°59.172′E; 1740 m a.s.l.; 02 Oct. 2021; Luyu Wang leg. (Fig. 1); Ps.-MHBU-CQWLP-21-02-01. Paratypes: • 2♂1♀; same data as for holotype; Ps.-MHBU-CQWLP-21-02-02–04 • 2♂1♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Qizhi Mountain; 31°28.109′N, 109°58.716′E; 1475 m a.s.l.; same collector and collection date as for holotype; Ps.-MHBU-CQWLP-21-03-01–03 • 1♂1♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Mountain; 31°23.786′N, 110°2.467′E; 2150 m a.s.l.; 03 Oct. 2021; same collector as for holotype; Ps.-MHBU-CQWLP-21-07-01 & 02• 1♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Management Station; 31°23.786′N, 110°2.055′E; 1970 m a.s.l.; 03 Oct. 2021; same collector as for holotype; Ps.-MHBU-CQWLP-21-08-01• 1♂1♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°22.379′N, 109°56.287′E; 1832 m a.s.l.; 04 Oct. 2021; same collector as for holotype; Ps.-MSWU-CQWLP-21-10-01 & 02.

(♂♀). Allochthonius hispidus sp. nov. is most similar to another epigean blind species from China, A. brevitus, but differs from this species in having more carapaceal setae (22–24 (♂), 21 or 22 (♀) for A. hispidus vs 16 (♂♀) for A. brevitus), more cheliceral setae (♂) (10 or 11 vs seven), more numerous chelal fingers teeth (♂) (fixed finger with 26–29 vs 18–20 teeth, movable finger with 22 or 23 vs 17 or 18 teeth), and longer pedipalps (e.g. palpal femur 5.19 (♂), 5.13–5.61 (♀) × vs 4.33–4.73 (♂), 4.79–4.92 (♀) × longer than broad, length 1.09 (♂), 1.18–1.29 (♀) mm vs 0.52–0.57 (♂), 0.64–0.67 (♀) mm; chela length 1.59–1.60 (♂), 1.76–1.84 (♀) mm vs 0.80–0.84 (♂), 0.98–1.01 (♀) mm). It differs from the other blind species in China (A. bainiensis Gao, Hou & Zhang, 2023, A. pandus Gao, Hou & Zhang, 2023, and A. xinqiaoensis Gao, Hou & Zhang, 2023) in having more numerous carapaceal setae (♀) (the latter three with only 14 setae) and the presence of a pair of hirsute pedipalps. It also differs from all blind congeners from Japan (A. yoshizawai Viana & Ferreira, 2021, A. ishikawai Morikawa, 1954, and its subspecies) in having more cheliceral setae (♂) (10 or 11 vs at most seven) and more numerous fixed chelal finger teeth (♂) (26–29 vs at most 17).

The specific name is derived from the Latin word hispidus (hirsute, hairy), which refers to the presence of abundant setae on the chela, palpal femur, and patella.

Adult males (Figs 1, 2A, 3A–G, 4). Colour: generally pale yellow; chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker; soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 3A, C, 4A, C): carapace subquadrate, 0.87–0.88× longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth but the posterior lateral parts with squamous sculpturing; without furrows but with five anterior lyrifissures and two posterior lyrifissures; no traces of eyes; epistome absent, space between median setae slightly recurved; with 22–24 setae arranged 12–14: 4: 2: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3–4, II 5–6, III 4–5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta more than 1/2 length of medial seta; coxal spines present on coxa I only, consisting of a tubercle expanded terminally into a characteristic spray- or fan-shaped of five elevate processes which extend apically, subequal in length (Figs 3C, 4C); a larger bisetose intercoxal tubercle present between coxae III and IV (Fig. 3C). Chelicera (Figs 3B, 4B, D): large, approximately as long as carapace, 2.52× longer than broad; nine or 10 setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers with well-developed teeth, fixed finger with eight or nine acute teeth, distal one largest, plus five or six small basal teeth, 13–15 in total; movable finger with 15 or 16 retrorse contiguous teeth of equal length; galea absent. Serrula exterior with 20 or 21 blades and serrula interior with 12–14 blades. Rallum in two rows and composed of 11 finely pinnate blades (Fig. 4D). Pedipalp (Figs 3D–F, 4E–G): long and slender, trochanter 1.38–1.48, femur 5.19, patella 2.62–2.89, chela 4.82–5.16, hand 1.79–1.90× longer than broad; femur 1.98× longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.73–1.76× longer than hand and 0.64–0.65× longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Figs 3E, 4F). Chelal palm robust and slightly constricted towards fingers. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria plus duplex trichobothrium (dt), movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib, isb, eb, esb, and ist clustered at the base of fixed finger, ist slightly distal to esb; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et situated subdistally, very close to chelal teeth; dt situated distal to et, near the tip of fixed finger; sb situated closer to b than to st (Fig. 4E). Abundant setae present on palpal femur, patella, and chela. Sensilla absent. Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 26–29 teeth, slightly retrorse and pointed; movable chelal finger with 22 or 23 teeth (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger) and a tubercle between the seventh and eighth teeth (Figs 3D, 4E). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view (Figs 3F, 4G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I–XII: 2: 6–8: 8–10: 10–11: 10–11: 11–12: 10–13: 13–14: 8: 6: TT: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy III–XII: 12–14: 15–17: 14–15: 12–15: 12–14: 13–14: 12: 8–9: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with eight or nine setae, genital opening pit-like, with seven or 10 marginal setae on each side, 26 in total, with a pair of lyrifissures present anterolateral and posterolateral to genital opening, respectively (Fig. 3G). Legs (Fig. 4H, I): generally typical, long, and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.45× longer than patella and with two lyrifissures at the base of femur; tarsus 2.00× longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 3.48–3.70× longer than deep and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tibia 5.25–5.67× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.44–3.56× longer than deep (TS = 0.25–0.32), telotarsus 8.86–9.14× longer than deep and 2.00× longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.17–0.21). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions of adult males (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm): body length 2.72–2.78. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.29–0.31/0.21, femur 1.09/0.21, patella 0.55/0.19–0.21, chela 1.59–1.60/0.31–0.33, hand 0.59/0.31–0.33, movable finger length 1.02–1.04. Chelicera 0.68/0.27, movable finger length 0.36–0.38. Carapace 0.56–0.58/0.64–0.67. Leg I: trochanter 0.19–0.20/0.17–0.18, femur 0.55/0.11, patella 0.38/0.09–0.10, tibia 0.31–0.32/0.08, tarsus 0.62–0.64/0.06. Leg IV: trochanter 0.31–0.32/0.18–0.19, femoropatella 0.80–0.85/0.23, tibia 0.63–0.68/0.12, basitarsus 0.31–0.32/0.09, telotarsus 0.62–0.64/0.07.

Figure 2. 

Allochthonius hispidus sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view) B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 3. 

Allochthonius hispidus sp. nov. A carapace (dorsal view) B left chelicera (dorsal view) C coxae (ventral view) D left chela (lateral view) E left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view) F left chela (dorsal view) G male genital area (ventral view) H female genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (C–F); 0.10 mm (A, B, G, H).

Figure 4. 

Allochthonius hispidus sp. nov., holotype male A carapace (dorsal view) B left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth C coxal spines on coxae I (ventral view) D rallum E left chela (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern F left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view) G left chela (dorsal view) H leg I (lateral view) I leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm.

Adult females (Figs 2B, 3H). Mostly same as males but a little larger (i.e. body length is about 1.08× that of males); cheliceral hand of one female with 11 setae; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 4, II 4–5, III 5, IV 5; tergal chaetotaxy I–XII: 2: 6: 6–8: 10: 10–11: 11–12: 12: 11–12: 8–9: 5: TT: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 15–17: 11–13: 13–14: 13–14: 13: 12–14: 9: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with eight setae, posterior margin with 15 or 17 marginal setae, 23–25 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.33–3.50× longer than deep (TS = 0.37–0.40), telotarsus 9.57–11.00× longer than deep and 1.91–2.20× longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.20–0.21). Body length 2.44–2.97. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.32–0.37/0.22–0.24 (1.33–1.68×), femur 1.18–1.29/0.23 (5.13–5.61×), patella 0.59–0.60/0.22–0.24 (2.46–2.73×), chela 1.76–1.84/0.34–0.41 (4.49–5.18×), hand 0.64–0.68/0.34–0.41 (1.66–1.88×), movable chelal finger length 1.15–1.20. Chelicera 0.77–0.81/0.32–0.36 (2.25–2.41×), movable finger length 0.42–0.46. Carapace 0.58–0.64/0.72–0.83 (0.77–0.81×). Leg I: trochanter 0.23/0.19 (1.21×), femur 0.56–0.61/0.11–0.12 (4.67–5.55×), patella 0.38–0.39/0.10–0.11 (3.55–3.80×), tibia 0.35/0.07–0.08 (4.38–5.00×), tarsus 0.68–0.69/0.06–0.07 (9.71–11.50×). Leg IV: trochanter 0.33–0.35/0.20 (1.65–1.75×), femoropatella 0.85–0.90/0.25 (3.40–3.60×), tibia 0.68/0.13–0.14 (4.86–5.23×), basitarsus 0.30–0.35/0.09–0.10 (3.33–3.50×), telotarsus 0.66–0.67/0.06–0.07 (9.57–11.00×).

China (Chongqing).

Spelaeochthonius kubotai Morikawa, 1954, by original designation.

黄老穴伪蝎.

Holotype : China • ♂; Beijing City, Fangshan District, Shidu Town, Wanglaopu Village, Huanglao Cave; 39°40.916′N, 115°39.041′E; 495 m a.s.l.; 19 Oct. 2021; Nana Zhan leg.; under a stone in the deep zone (Fig. 1); Ps.-MHBU-BJFS-21-10-19-02-01. Paratype: • 1♀; same data as for holotype; Ps.-MHBU-BJFS-21-10-19-02-02.

(♂♀). Spelaeochthonius huanglaoensis sp. nov. is most similar to S. wulibeiensis Gao, Hou & Zhang, 2023, but differs from it in having shorter pedipalps (e.g. chela 7.94 (♂), 6.14 (♀) × vs 6.21–6.22 (♂), 5.68 (♀) × longer than broad, length 1.43 (♂), 1.72 (♀) mm vs 1.68–1.74 (♂), 1.76 (♀) mm), 1 additional cheliceral seta (seven vs six), and more numerous fixed chelal finger teeth (29 vs 22–24). It differs from S. yinae Li, 2023 in the number of setae on tergite II (four vs two), smaller body size (e.g. chela 7.94 (♂), 6.14 (♀) × vs 5.93 (♂), 6.30 (♀) × longer than broad, length 1.43 (♂), 1.72 (♀) mm vs 1.72 (♂), 1.89 (♀) mm), and more numerous fixed chelal finger teeth (♂) (29 vs 23).

The species is named after its type locality, Huanglao Cave.

Adult male (Figs 5A, 6A–E, 7). Colour: generally pale yellow; chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker; soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 6A, C, 7A): carapace inverted-trapezoid, 1.04× longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface mostly with fine reticulations; with four anterior lyrifissures and two posterior lyrifissures; no traces of eyes but eye region bulging and convex in dorsal view; epistome present and with some tiny spinules; with 16 setae arranged s4s: 4: 2: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long, and gently curved. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 6, II 5, III 4–5, IV 4; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1/2 length of medial seta (refer to female, Fig. 8C); coxal spines present on coxa I only, comprising a transverse, contiguous series of six or seven tridentate blades, which arise from a lightly sclerotized or translucent hillock, the central ramus of each blade (except the basal one) sharply acumino-spatulate and extending beyond the lateral rami (refer to female, Fig. 8A); a small, bisetose intercoxal tubercle present between coxae III and IV (Fig. 6C). Chelicera (Figs 6B, 7B, C): large, approximately as long as carapace, 2.50× longer than broad; six setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, movable finger with one medial seta, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers with well-developed teeth, fixed finger with 14 acute teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 11 retrorse contiguous teeth of equal length; galea absent. Serrula exterior with 19 blades (refer to female, Fig. 8B) and serrula interior with 15 blades. Rallum in two rows and composed of ten finely pinnate blades (11 blades in female), of which the basal-most blade shorter than the others (Figs 7C, 8D). Pedipalp (Figs 6D, 7D–F): surfaces mostly with fine reticulations; long and slender, trochanter 1.87, femur 6.38, patella 2.69, chela 7.94, hand 3.00× longer than broad; femur 2.37× longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.69× longer than hand and 0.64× longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; one distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 7E). Chelal palm slightly constricted towards fingers. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria plus duplex trichobothrium (dt), movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib, isb, eb, esb, and ist clustered at the base of fixed finger, esb slightly distal to ist; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally and forming a pair; et situated subdistally, very close to chelal teeth; dt situated distal to et, near the tip of fixed finger; sb distinctly closer to b than to st (Fig. 7D). Microsetae (chemosensory setae) absent on hand and both palpal fingers. Sensilla absent. Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 29 teeth, slightly retrorse and pointed; movable chelal finger with 19 teeth (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger) (Figs 6D, 7D). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view (Fig. 7F). Opisthosoma: generally typical, ovate, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I–XII: 2: 4: 4: 5: 7: 7: 7: 6: 5: 4: TT: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy III–XII: 9: 8: 10: 9: 10: 9: 7: 8: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with nine setae, genital opening pit-like, with seven marginal setae on each side, 23 in total (Fig. 6E). Legs (Fig. 7G, H): generally typical, long, and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.73× longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.24× longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 3.04× longer than deep and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tibia 5.80× longer than deep; with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.86× longer than deep (TS = 0.37), telotarsus 11.40× longer than deep and 2.11× longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.35). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions of adult male (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm). Body length 1.80. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.28/0.15, femur 1.02/0.16, patella 0.43/0.16, chela 1.43/0.18, hand 0.54/0.18, movable finger length 0.91. Chelicera 0.55/0.22, movable finger length 0.28. Carapace 0.53/0.51. Leg I: trochanter 0.21/0.15, femur 0.52/0.09, patella 0.30/0.08, tibia 0.25/0.06, tarsus 0.56/0.05. Leg IV: trochanter 0.27/0.15, femoropatella 0.70/0.23, tibia 0.58/0.10, basitarsus 0.27/0.07, telotarsus 0.57/0.05.

Figure 5. 

Spelaeochthonius huanglaoensis sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view) B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Figure 6. 

Spelaeochthonius huanglaoensis sp. nov. A carapace (dorsal view) B left chelicera (dorsal view) C coxae (ventral view) D left chela (lateral view) E male genital area (ventral view) F female genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm (C, D); 0.10 mm (A, B, E, F).

Figure 7. 

Spelaeochthonius huanglaoensis sp. nov., holotype male A carapace (dorsal view) B left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth C rallum D left chela (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern E left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view) F left chela (dorsal view) G leg I (lateral view) H leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm.

Adult female (Figs 5B, 6F, 8). Mostly same as male; tergal chaetotaxy I–XII: 2: 4: 4: 5: 6: 6: 6: 6: 5: 4: TT: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 5: 6: 8: 8: 9: 9: 8: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with five setae, posterior margin with six marginal setae, 11 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.44× longer than deep (TS = 0.35), telotarsus 9.86× longer than deep and 2.23× longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.36). Body length 1.86. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.35/0.19 (1.84×), femur 1.20/0.20 (6.00×), patella 0.52/0.21 (2.48×), chela 1.72/0.28 (6.14×), hand 0.62/0.28 (2.21×), movable chelal finger length 1.09. Chelicera 0.81/0.33 (2.45×), movable finger length 0.41. Carapace 0.69/0.74 (0.93×). Leg I: trochanter 0.22/0.14 (1.57×), femur 0.56/0.08 (7.00×), patella 0.37/0.08 (4.63×), tibia 0.32/0.07 (4.57×), tarsus 0.68/0.06 (11.33×). Leg IV: trochanter 0.31/0.18 (1.72×), femoropatella 0.82/0.28 (2.93×), tibia 0.68/0.11 (6.18×), basitarsus 0.31/0.09 (3.44×), telotarsus 0.69/0.07 (9.86×).

Figure 8. 

Spelaeochthonius huanglaoensis sp. nov. scanning electron micrographs, paratype female A coxal spines in overview, with details of tips B serrula exterior C manducatory process D rallum. Scale bars: 50 μm (C, D); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (A).

China (Beijing).

驼梁穴伪蝎.

Holotype : China • ♀; Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang City, Pingshan County, Tuoliang National Nature Reserve; 38°43.233′N, 113°46.800′E; 1620 m a.s.l.; 13 May. 2018; Xiangbo Guo and Zhaoyi Li leg. (Fig. 1); Ps.-MHBU-HB2018.05.13-01-01. Paratype: • 1♀; same data as for holotype; Ps.-MHBU-HB2018.05.13-01-02.

(♀). Spelaeochthonius tuoliangensis sp. nov. can be separated from its congeners by its visible eyespots. It is most similar to S. huanglaoensis sp. nov. but differs from it in having shorter pedipalps (e.g. chela 5.48–5.71× vs 6.14× longer than broad, length 1.15–1.20 mm vs 1.72 mm; palpal femur 5.00–5.13× vs 6.00× longer than broad, length 0.77–0.80 mm vs 1.20 mm) and more setae on tergite I (4 vs 2). It differs from the two congeners from China, S. wulibeiensis and S. yinae, in having more setae on tergite I (four vs two) and shorter pedipalps (e.g. chela length 1.15–1.20 mm vs 1.76/1.89 mm; palpal femur 5.00–5.13× vs 6.40/7.26× longer than broad, length 0.77–0.80 mm vs 1.28/1.30 mm).

This species is named after its type locality, Tuoliang National Nature Reserve.

Adult females (male unknown) (Figs 9–11). Colour: generally pale yellow; chelicerae, pedipalps, and tergites slightly darker; soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 9B, C, 10A, 11A, B, D, E): carapace inverted-trapezoid, 0.98–1.02× longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface mostly with fine reticulations, without furrows but with four anterior lyrifissures and two posterior lyrifissures; with two pairs of eyespots and eye region bulging and convex in dorsal view; epistome present and with some tiny spinules; with 16 setae arranged s4s: 4: 2: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long, and gently curved. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 5, II 4, III 4, IV 4; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta more than 1/2 length of medial seta (Fig. 11D); coxal spines present on coxa I only, comprising a transverse, contiguous series of seven or eight tridentate blades, which arise from a lightly sclerotized or translucent hillock, the central ramus of each blade (except the basal one) sharply acumino-spatulate and extending beyond the lateral rami (Fig. 11A, B); a small, bisetose intercoxal tubercle present between coxae III and IV (Fig. 11E). Chelicera (Figs 9D, 10B, C, 11C, F): large, approximately as long as carapace, 2.12–2.19× longer than broad; six setae and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, movable finger with one medial seta, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers with well-developed teeth, fixed finger with 12 or 13 acute teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 14–16 retrorse contiguous teeth of equal length; galea absent. Serrula exterior with 19 blades and serrula interior with 15–17 blades (Fig. 11F). Rallum in two rows and composed of 11 finely pinnate blades (Figs 10C, 11C). Pedipalp (Figs 9E, 10D–F): surfaces mostly with fine reticulations; long and slender, trochanter 1.53–1.73, femur 5.00–5.13, patella 2.25–2.40, chela 5.48–5.71, hand 2.05–2.10× longer than broad; femur 2.14–2.22× longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.70–1.77× longer than hand and 0.63–0.65× longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; two distal lyrifissures present on patella (Fig. 10E). Chelal palm slightly constricted towards fingers. Fixed chelal finger and hand with eight trichobothria plus duplex trichobothrium (dt), movable chelal finger with four trichobothria, ib, isb, eb, esb, and ist clustered at the base of fixed finger, ist slightly distal to esb; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally and forming a pair; et situated subdistally, very close to chelal teeth; dt situated distal to et, near the tip of fixed finger; sb distinctly closer to b than to st (Fig. 10D). Microsetae (chemosensory setae) absent on hand and both palpal fingers. Sensilla absent. Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 21 teeth, slightly retrorse and pointed; movable chelal finger with 13 teeth (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger) (Figs 9E, 10D). Chelal fingers straight in dorsal view (Fig. 10F). Opisthosoma: generally typical, ovate, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I–XII: 4: 5–6: 6: 6: 6: 7: 7: 7: 5–6: 4: TT: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy IV–XII: 12–13: 11–12: 11–12: 9–10: 9–11: 8–9: 8–9: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with six setae plus 13 or 14 setae on posterior margin, 19 or 20 in total (Fig. 9F). Legs (Fig. 10G, H): generally typical, long, and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.58–1.71× longer than patella and with one lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.09–2.27× longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 2.76–2.77× longer than deep; tibia 4.90–5.22× longer than deep; with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.00–3.14× longer than deep (TS = 0.32–0.38), telotarsus 9.20–9.60× longer than deep and 2.09–2.29× longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.35). Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions of adult females (length/breadth or, in the case of the legs, length/depth in mm). Body length 1.71–1.88. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.23–0.26/0.15, femur 0.77–0.80/0.15–0.16, patella 0.336/0.15–0.16, chela 1.15–1.20/0.21, hand 0.43–0.44/0.21, movable finger length 0.73–0.78. Chelicera 0.55–0.57/0.26, movable finger length 0.29. Carapace 0.57/0.56–0.58. Leg I: trochanter 0.16/0.13–0.14, femur 0.41/0.08–0.09, patella 0.24–0.26/0.07, tibia 0.22/0.06, tarsus 0.46–0.50/0.05. Leg IV: trochanter 0.25/0.14–0.15, femoropatella 0.58–0.61/0.21–0.22, tibia 0.47–0.49/0.09–0.10, basitarsus 0.21–0.22/0.07, telotarsus 0.46–0.48/0.05.

Figure 9. 

Spelaeochthonius tuoliangensis sp. nov., holotype female A habitus (dorsal view) B carapace (dorsal view) C carapace (lateral view), indicate eyespots (red arrows) D left chelicera (dorsal view) E left chela (lateral view) F female genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A); 0.20 mm (E); 0.10 mm (B–D, F).

Figure 10. 

Spelaeochthonius tuoliangensis sp. nov., holotype female A carapace (dorsal view) B left chelicera (dorsal view), with details of teeth C rallum D left chela (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern E left pedipalp (minus chela, dorsal view) F left chela (dorsal view) G leg I (lateral view) H leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.20 mm.

Figure 11. 

Spelaeochthonius tuoliangensis sp. nov. scanning electron micrographs, paratype female A left coxal spines B right coxal spines, with details of tips C rallum D manducatory process E intercoxal tubercle F serrula exterior. Scale bars: 20 μm (C, D, F); 10 μm (A, B, E).

China (Hebei).