Moderate size, usually 2–3 mm; antennae four segmented and without apical bulb; eyes 8+8; frontal spines on head 4+4; scales present on body; dens smooth; mucro almost square and with more than three teeth.

Holotype. ♀ on slide, China, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Xinjian District, Meiling Town, Jiuxi Village, 12-XI-2020, 28°47'56"N, 115°45'11"E, 168 m asl, sample number 1243. Paratypes. 3♀♀ on slides, same data as holotype; 6♀♀ on slides, China, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Xinjian District, Meiling Town, Shizifeng Park, 12-XI-2020, 28°49'26"N, 115°43'06"E, 100 m asl, sample number 1242. All collected by Y-T Ma.

Size. Body length up to 2.75 mm.

Coloration. Ground colour pale yellow; eye patches dark blue; brown stripe present from head to Abd. III laterally; middle part of Abd. II–III with brown pigment; medial and posterior margin of Abd. IV with pair of irregular brown patches, respectively; brown pigment scattered on basal Ant. I and distal Ant. IV, legs, anterior part of ventral tube and distal dentes (Figs 2–6).

Figures 2–6. 

Habitus of Callyntrura xinjianensis sp. nov. 2–4 lateral view 5 dorsal view of head 6 dorsal view of trunk. Scale bars: 500 μm.

Head. Antenna not annulated and 1.37–1.57 times length of body. Ratio of Ant. I–IV as 1.00/0.85–1.00/0.49–0.72/1.37–2.00. Distal part of Ant. IV with many sensory chaetae and normal ciliate chaetae, without apical bulb (Figs 7, 8). Ant. III organ with two rod-like chaetae (Figs 9, 10). Basal Ant. I with smooth chaetae (Figs 11–13). Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Figs 14, 15, An series with six mac, A with four mac or mes, S with eight mac, P with two mac. Eyes 8+8, G & H smaller than others; interocular chaetae as p, r, t; frontal spines 4+4, all serrate (Figs 16, 17). Prelabral chaetae four, ciliate; labral chaetae 5, 5, 4, smooth and pointed, a0, a1 longer than a2; labral papillae absent (Figs 18, 19). Basal chaeta on maxillary outer lobe thick and blunt; sublobal plate with three smooth chaetae-like processes (Figs 20, 21). Lateral process (l. p.) of labial palp E differentiated, as thick as normal chaeta, with tip not reaching apex of papilla E (Figs 22, 23). Labial base with MREL₁L₂, all ciliate and R 0.51–0.77 length of M (Figs 24, 25).

Figures 7–19. 

Callyntrura xinjianensis sp. nov. 7 SEM photomicrograph of apex of Ant. IV 8 apex of Ant. IV (dorsal view) 9 photomicrograph of distal Ant. III (arrow showing rod-like chaeta of Ant. III organ, ventral view) 10 distal Ant. III (ventral view) 11 SEM photomicrograph of basal Ant. I 12 basal Ant. I (dorsal view) 13 basal Ant. I (ventral view) 14 SEM photomicrograph of anterior part of dorsal head 15 dorsal head (right side) 16 SEM photomicrograph of frontal spines of head 17 frontal spine 18 SEM photomicrograph of prelabrum and labrum 19 prelabrum and labrum. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Figures 20–25. 

Callyntrura xinjianensis sp. nov. 20 photomicrograph of maxillary palp and outer lobe (arrow showing basal chaeta, right side) 21 maxillary palp and outer lobe (right side) 22 SEM photomicrograph of labial palp E (right side) 23 labial palp E (right side) 24 photomicrograph of labial base (left side) 25 labial base (left side). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Thorax. Tergal ms formula on Th. II–Abd. V as 1, 0/1, 0, 1, 0, 0, sens as 1, 1/0, 2, 2, 31–44, 3 (Figs 26, 32, 36, 38). Th. II with medial five (m1, m4, m4p, a5, m5) mac, usually posterior nine (p1i, p1, p2, p2a, p2e, p3, p4 always present, p2a2 or p2ep rarely absent) mac, one ms and one sens. Th. III with anterior-lateral five (a4, a5, m5, a6i, a6), usually posterior 12–14 (p1i2a and p2ea sometimes absent) mac, one sens (Fig. 26). Trochanteral organ with 55–64 chaetae (Fig. 27). Tenent hair clavate and slightly ciliate, 1.00–1.20 as long as inner edge of unguis; unguis with four inner teeth, most distal tooth very faint, basal pair located at 0.30–0.42 distance from base of inner edge of unguis, unpaired teeth at 0.65–0.70 and 0.82–0.90 distance from base, respectively; unguiculus lanceolate, with one median inner tooth and outer edge slightly serrate (Figs 28–31).

Figures 26–31. 

Callyntrura xinjianensis sp. nov. 26 chaetotaxy of Th. II–III (right side, solid black dot meaning absence) 27 trochanteral organ 28 hind foot complex (lateral view) 29 SEM photomicrograph of fore foot complex (lateral view) 30 SEM photomicrograph of middle foot complex (lateral view) 31 SEM photomicrograph of hind foot complex (lateral view). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Abdomen. Range of Abd. IV length as 6.71–13.75 times as dorsal axial length of Abd. III. Abd. I usually with seven (a3, a5, m2, m3, m4, m4i, p5, a1 rarely present) mac and one ms (Figs 32, 33). Abd. II with central six (a2, a3, m3, m3e, m3ei, m3ep), lateral three (m5, a6, p6) mac and two sens (Figs 32, 34). Abd. III with central two (a2, m3), lateral three (am6, pm6, p6) mac and 7–11 mes, one ms and two sens (Figs 32, 35). Abd. IV with 29–42 elongate and two (as, ps) normal sens, medial 15–17 and posterior 13–24 mac or mes, lateral 8–9 mac (Figs 36, 37). Abd. V with three sens (Fig. 38). Ventral tube with 18–22 (rarely 37) ciliate chaetae on each side anteriorly (Fig. 39); numerous ciliate chaetae and two apical smooth chaetae posteriorly (Fig. 40); 14–26 smooth and 5–36 ciliate chaetae on each lateral flap (Fig. 41). Manubrial plaque with four ciliate mac and one pseudopore (Fig. 42). Dens without spines. Mucro with six (v1, v2, v3, d1, d2, i.l.) teeth (Figs 43–45).

Scales. Scales present on head, body, legs (Figs 46, 47); Ant. I–III and ventral side of manubrium and dens with narrower scales (Fig. 48). Ant. IV, ventral tube and tenaculum without scales.

Figures 32–35. 

Callyntrura xinjianensis sp. nov. 32 cheatotaxy of Abd. I–III (right side, solid black dot meaning absence) 33 SEM photomicrograph of lateral Abd. I (right side) 34 SEM photomicrograph of central Abd. II (right side) 35 SEM photomicrograph of lateral Abd. III (right side). Scale bar: 20 μm.

Figures 36–38. 

Callyntrura xinjianensis sp. nov. 36 chaetotaxy of Abd. IV (right side, solid black dot meaning absence) 37 photomicrograph of posterior-lateral Abd. IV (right side) 38 chaetotaxy of Abd. V (right side). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Figures 39–48. 

Callyntrura xinjianensis sp. nov. 39 anterior face of ventral tube 40 posterior face of ventral tube apically 41 lateral flap of ventral tube 42 manubrial plaque (dorsal view) 43 SEM photomicrographs of mucro (lateral view from internal side) 44 SEM photomicrographs of mucro (lateral view from external side) 45 mucro (upper view) 46, 47 scales on body 48 scale on antenna and furcula. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Named after its locality: Xinjian District.

Found in the leaf litter, mainly composed of bamboo.

Holotype. ♀ on slide, China, Jiangxi Province, Yichun City, Tonggu County, Tonggu Park, 9-XI-2020, 31°54'50"N, 114°22'36"E, 239 m asl, sample number 1235. Paratypes. 2 ♀♀ on slides, same data as holotype. All collected by Y-T Ma.

Size. Body length up to 2.23 mm.

Coloration. Ground colour pale yellow; antennae with scattered brown pigment; eye patches dark blue; brown stripe present from head to Abd. III laterally; middle part of Abd. II–III with brown pigment; medial and posterior margin of Abd. IV with pair of irregular brown patches, respectively; brown pigment scattered on antennae and legs (Figs 49, 50).

Figures 49, 50. 

Habitus of Callyntrura tongguensis sp. nov. (lateral view). Scale bars: 50 μm.

Head. Antenna not annulated and 1.45–1.49 times length of body. Ratio of Ant. I–IV as 1.00/0.90–0.98/0.58–0.63/1.50–1.54. Distal part of Ant. IV with many sensory chaetae and normal ciliate chaetae, without apical bulb (Fig. 51). Ant. III organ not clearly seen. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Fig. 52, An series with six mac, A with four mac or mes, S with eight mac, P with two mac. Eyes 8+8, G & H smaller than others; interocular chaetae as p, r, t; frontal spines 4+4, all serrate. Prelabral chaetae four, ciliate; labral chaetae 5, 5, 4, smooth and pointed, a0, a1 longer than a2; labral papillae absent (Fig. 53). Basal chaeta on maxillary outer lobe thick and blunt; sublobal plate with three smooth chaetae-like processes (Fig. 54). Lateral process (l. p.) of labial palp E differentiated, as thick as normal chaeta, with tip not reaching apex of papilla E (Fig. 55). Labial base with MREL₁L₂, all ciliate and R 0.53–0.68 length of M (Fig. 56).

Figures 51–56. 

Callyntrura tongguensis sp. nov. 51 apex of Ant. IV (dorsal view) 52 dorsal head (right side) 53 prelabrum and labrum 54 maxillary palp and outer lobe (right side) 55 labial palp E (right side) 56 labial base (left side). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Thorax. Tergal ms formula on Th. II–Abd. V as 1, 0/1, 0, 1, 0, 0, sens as 1, 1/0, 2, 2, 37–41, 3 (Figs 57, 60–62). Th. II with medial five (m1, m4, m4p, a5, m5) mac, posterior ten (p1i, p1, p2, p2a, p2a2, p2p, p2e, p2ep, p3, p4) mac, one ms and one sens. Th. III with anterior-lateral five (a4, a5, m5, a6i, a6), usually posterior 15 (p1i2a rarely absent) mac, one sens (Fig. 57). Trochanteral organ with 63–81 chaetae (Fig. 58). Tenent hair clavate, 1.10–1.15 as long as inner edge of unguis; unguis with four inner teeth, most distal tooth very faint, basal pair located at 0.37–0.41 distance from base of inner edge of unguis, unpaired teeth at 0.58–0.61 and 0.70–0.78 distance from base, respectively; unguiculus lanceolate, with one inner tooth and outer edge slightly serrate (Fig. 59).

Figures 57–59. 

Callyntrura tongguensis sp. nov. 57 chaetotaxy of Th. II–III (right side, solid black dot meaning absence) 58 trochanteral organ 59 hind foot complex (lateral view). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Abdomen. Range of Abd. IV length as 10.00–12.00 times as dorsal axial length of Abd. III. Abd. I usually with 11 (a1–3, a5i, a5, a5p, m2–4, m4i, p5 rarely absent) mac and one ms. Abd. II with central six (a2, a3, m3, m3e, m3ei, m3ep), lateral three (m5, a6, p6) mac. Abd. III with central two (a2, m3), lateral three (am6, pm6, p6) mac and 10–14 mes (Fig. 60). Abd. IV with 35–39 elongate and two (as, ps) normal sens, medial 15–18 and posterior 18–23 mac or mes, lateral 8–9 mac (Fig. 61). Abd. V with three sens (Fig. 62). Ventral tube with 25–29 ciliate chaetae on each side anteriorly (Fig. 63); numerous ciliate chaetae and 2–3 apical smooth chaetae posteriorly (Fig. 64); 17–24 smooth and 10–17 ciliate chaetae on each lateral flap (Fig. 65). Manubrial plaque with four ciliate mac and one pseudopore (Fig. 66). Dens without spines. Mucro with six (v1, v2, v3, d1, d2, i.l.) teeth (Fig. 67).

Scales. Scales present on head, body, legs (Figs 68, 69); Ant. I–III and ventral side of manubrium and dens with narrower scales (Fig. 70). Ant. IV, ventral tube and tenaculum without scales.

Figure 60. 

Chaetotaxy of Abd. I–III of Callyntrura tongguensis sp. nov. (right side, solid black dot meaning absence). Scale bar: 20 μm.

Figures 61, 62. 

Callyntrura tongguensis sp. nov. 61 chaetotaxy of Abd. IV (right side, solid black dot meaning absence) 62 chaetotaxy of Abd. V (right side). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Figures 63–70. 

Callyntrura tongguensis sp. nov. 63 anterior face of ventral tube 64 posterior face of ventral tube apically 65 lateral flap of ventral tube 66 manubrial plaque (dorsal view) 67 mucro (lateral view from internal side) 68, 69 scales on body 70 scale on antenna and furcula. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Named after its locality: Tonggu County.

Found in the leaf litter.

Holotype. 1♀ on slide, China, Jiangxi Province, Shangrao City, Dexing City, Raoshoukun Memorial Park, 13-XI-2020, 28°57'20"N, 117°34'08"E, 88 m asl, sample number 1244. Paratypes. 8 ♀♀ on slides, same data as holotype. All collected by Y-T Ma.

Size. Body length up to 2.45 mm.

Coloration. Ground colour pale yellow; eye patches dark blue; head almost brown entirely; brown stripe present from Th. II to Abd. III laterally; ventral tube, middle part of Abd. II–III brown pigmented; medial and posterior margin of Abd. IV with pair of irregular brown patches, respectively; brown pigment present also on legs, distal Ant. IV and distal dentes (Figs 71–73).

Figures 71–73. 

Habitus of Callyntrura raoi sp. nov. 71, 72 lateral view 73 dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 μm.

Head. Antenna not annulated and 1.32–1.53 times length of body. Ratio of Ant. I–IV as 1.00/0.92–1.00/0.60–0.75/1.60–2.04. Distal part of Ant. IV with many sensory chaetae and normal ciliate chaetae, without apical bulb (Fig. 74). Ant III organ with two rod-like chaetae (Fig. 75). Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Fig. 76, An series with six mac, A with four mac or mes, S with eight mac, P with two mac. Eyes 8+8, G & H smaller than others; interocular chaetae as p, r, t; frontal spines 4+4, all serrate. Prelabral chaetae four, ciliate; labral chaetae 5, 5, 4, smooth and pointed, a0, a1 longer than a2; labral papillae absent (Fig. 77). Basal chaeta on maxillary outer lobe thick and blunt; sublobal plate with three smooth chaetae-like processes (Fig. 78). Lateral process (l. p.) of labial palp E differentiated, as thick as normal chaeta, with tip not reaching apex of papilla E (Fig. 79). Labial base with MREL₁L₂, all ciliate and R 0.51–0.77 length of M (Fig. 80).

Figures 74–80. 

Callyntrura raoi sp. nov. 74 apex of Ant. IV (dorsal view) 75 distal Ant. III (ventral view) 76 dorsal head 77 prelabrum and labrum 78 maxillary palp and outer lobe (right side) 79 labial palp E (right side) 80 labial base (left side). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Thorax. Tergal ms formula on Th. II–Abd. V as 1, 0/1, 0, 1, 0, 0, sens as 1, 1/0, 2, 2, 29–42, 3 (Figs 81, 84–86). Th. II with medial five mac, usually posterior 10 (p1i, p1, p2, p2a, p2a2, p2p, p2e, p2ep, p3, p4, p1i or p2ep rarely absent) mac, one ms and one sens. Th. III with anterior-lateral five (a4, a5, m5, a6i, a6), usually posterior 14 mac (p2a rarely present), one sens (Fig. 81). Trochanteral organ with 63–64 chaetae (Fig. 82). Tenent hair clavate, 1.06–1.20 as long as inner edge of unguis; unguis with four inner teeth, most distal tooth very faint, basal pair located at 0.31–0.42 distance from base of inner edge of unguis, unpaired teeth at 0.66–0.68 and 0.82–0.89 distance from base, respectively; unguiculus lanceolate, with one inner tooth and outer edge slightly serrate (Fig. 83).

Figures 81–83. 

Callyntrura raoi sp. nov. 81 chaetotaxy of Th. II–III (right side, solid black dot meaning absence) 82 trochanteral organ 83 hind foot complex (lateral view). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Abdomen. Range of Abd. IV length as 7.02–10.67 times as dorsal axial length of Abd. III. Abd. I with 8–9 (a3, a5, a5p, m2–4, m4 always present, a1, a2 or a5i sometimes absent) mac and one ms. Abd. II with central six (a2, a3, m3, m3e, m3ei, m3ep), lateral three (m5, a6, p6) mac. Abd. III with central two (a2, m3), lateral three (am6, pm6, p6) mac and 8–13 mes (Fig. 84). Abd. IV with 27–40 elongate and two (as, ps) normal sens, medial 14–18 and posterior 10–27 mac or mes, lateral 8–9 mac (Fig. 85). Abd. V with three sens (Fig. 86). Ventral tube with 17 ciliate chaetae on each side anteriorly (Fig. 87); numerous ciliate chaetae and two apical smooth chaetae posteriorly (Fig. 88); 14–21 smooth and 6–19 ciliate chaetae on lateral flap (Fig. 89). Manubrial plaque with four ciliate mac and one pseudopore (Fig. 90). Dens without spines. Mucro with six (v1, v2, v3, d1, d2, i.l.) teeth (Figs 91, 92).

Scales. Scales present on head, body, legs (Figs 93, 94); Ant. I–III and ventral side of manubrium and dens with narrower scales (Fig. 95). Ant. IV, ventral tube and tenaculum without scales.

Figure 84. 

Chaetotaxy of Abd. I–III of Callyntrura raoi sp. nov. (right side, solid black dot meaning absence). Scale bar: 20 μm.

Figures 85, 86. 

Callyntrura raoi sp. nov. 85 chaetotaxy of Abd. IV (right side, solid black dot meaning absence) 86 chaetotaxy of Abd. V (right side). Scale bars: 20 μm.

Figures 87–95. 

Callyntrura raoi sp. nov. 87 anterior face of ventral tube 88 posterior face of ventral tube apically (partially) 89 lateral flap of ventral tube 90 manubrial plaque (dorsal view) 91 mucro (upper view) 92 mucro (ventral view) 93, 94 scales on body 95 scale on antenna and furcula. Scale bars: 20 μm.

“raoi” (in apposition) refers to Lieutenant General Shoukun Rao, who made immortal achievements in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.

Found in the leaf litter.

The three new species are very similar in overall chaetotaxy, colour pattern and other characters. The chaetotaxy of each studied specimen is listed in Table 1, and the differences between these three species are slight. One main difference in chaetotaxy is that Abd. I has 7(8), 11, 8–9 mac in C. (J.) xinjianensis sp. nov., C. (J.) tongguensis sp. nov. and C. (J.) raoi sp. nov., respectively. Another difference is p2p mac on Th. II is absent in C. (J.) xinjianensis sp. nov., but present in the latter two new species. One main difference in colour pattern between them is that only the lateral side of the head is brown pigmented in C. (J.) xinjianensis sp. nov., and C. (J.) tongguensis sp. nov., but almost the entire head is brown in C. (J.) raoi sp. nov. The brown pigment on the ventral tube is present anteriorly in C. (J.) xinjianensis sp. nov., absent in C. (J.) tongguensis sp. nov. and present almost entirely in C. (J.) raoi sp. nov.

The subgenus Japonphysa contains four species at present: C. (J.) japonica (Kinoshita, 1917), C. (J.) oligosetosa Kim, Rojanavongse & Lee, 1999, C. (J.) semilineata Yosii, 1961 and C. (J.) unilineata Yosii, 1961. The differences between the three new species and the four known species are great, especially in chaetotaxy of body (Table 2).