Research Article |
Corresponding author: Ding Yang ( dyangcau@126.com ) Academic editor: Marija Ivković
© 2024 Chen Lin, Mengqing Wang, Ding Yang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Lin C, Wang M, Yang D (2024) The genus Neurigona Rondani, 1856 (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from Yunnan, China, with descriptions of seven new species and a key to the species of China. ZooKeys 1190: 319-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1190.109222
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Previously, only three species of the genus Neurigona Rondani of the subfamily Neurigoninae were known from Yunnan Province. Here, we reviewed the species of Neurigona from Yunnan and added the following seven new species: N. apicilata sp. nov., N. basicurva sp. nov., N. brevidigitata sp. nov., N. convexa sp. nov., N. huanglianshana sp. nov., N. quadrimaculata sp. nov., and N. ventriprocessa sp. nov. All seven new species are sympatric and were collected from below a reservoir in the Huanglianshan Nature Reserve in Yunnan using three Malaise traps in 2019. This suggests a very high species richness in the Yunnan fauna. A key to the species of Neurigona from Chinese mainland is provided.
Identification key, long-legged fly, morphology, Neurigoninae, new taxon, Oriental Realm, sympatric species richness
The genus Neurigona Rondani, 1856 belongs to the subfamily Neurigoninae within Dolichopodidae. They usually have non-metallic yellow coloration on much of the thorax, legs, and abdomen, and can be separated from other Dolichopodidae genera by the following features: proboscis with a pair of long and pale ventral hairs; posterior mesonotum distinctly flattened; legs slender and long, and anterior preapical setae on mid and hind femora absent; sternite 5 sometimes with a ventral projection in males; fore tarsomere 1 usually elongated; vein M gently or strongly bent apically and convergent with R4+5; surstylus divided into dorsal and ventral lobes; cercus with digitiform internal median projection (
Neurigona is the most speciose genus of the Neurigoninae with 166 known species from the world, of which 44 species are from the Palaearctic, 44 from the Neotropical, 39 from the Nearctic, 32 from the Oriental, four from the Australian, and three from the Afrotropical realms (
Yunnan Province, located in southwestern China, boasts a rich and diverse ecological environment, such as tropical rainforests, subtropical forests, alpine meadows and wetlands. Its eastern part is the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, which is one of the four major plateaus in China, and its northwest part is the Hengduan Mountains, which is the longest and widest north-south mountain range in China (
The specimens on which this study is based were collected from below the reservoir in the Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan using three Malaise traps in 2019. All specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (
acr acrostichal bristle (s);
ad anterodorsal bristle (s);
av anteroventral bristle (s);
dc dorsocentral bristle (s);
pd posterodorsal bristle (s);
pv posteroventral bristle (s);
v ventral bristle(s);
CuAx ratio length of dm-cu / length of distal portion of CuA;
LI fore leg;
LII mid leg;
LIII hind leg.
1 | Abdominal sternite 5 not projected | 2 |
– | Abdominal sternite 5 projected, subtriangular or subquadrate | 17 |
2 | Fore coxa with wholly black bristles on antero-apical portion | 3 |
– | Fore coxa partly or entirely with yellow apical bristles on antero-apical portion | 8 |
3 | Fore tarsomere 1 shorter than fore tibia | 4 |
– | Fore tarsomere 1 longer than fore tibia | 7 |
4 | More than 10 paired acr bristles | 5 |
– | Four irregularly paired acr bristles | N. yunnana Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007 |
5 | 17–18 paired acr bristles; fore tibia with 1 ad bristle | N. concaviuscula Yang, 1999 |
– | 11–12 paired acr bristles; fore tibia without ad bristles | 6 |
6 | Fore tarsomere 4 with basal 1/2 swollen and apical 1/2 concave ventrally, fore tarsomere 5 with basal 1/4 swollen and middle portion concave ventrally ( |
N. sichuana Wang, Chen & Yang, 2010 |
– | Fore tarsomeres 4 and 5 normal, without swollen or concave portion | N. hainana Wang, Chen & Yang, 2010 |
7 | Fore femur without row of av bristles; mid and hind tibiae wholly yellow; epandrium with two long and wide lateral processes; ventral lobe of surstylus straight and broad, apically with 4 strong hairs ( |
N. guangdongensis Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007 |
– | Fore femur with row of short av bristles; mid and hind tibiae each with black apex; epandrium with two slender lateral processes; ventral lobe of surstylus curved and slender, apically with 1 thick hair ( |
N. bimaculata Yang & Saigusa, 2005 |
8 | Fore femur with row of yellow av bristles | N. shennongjiana Yang, 1999 |
– | Fore femur without row of yellow av bristles | 9 |
9 | Mesonotum with black mid-posterior or lateral spot(s) | 10 |
– | Mesonotum entirely yellow | 13 |
10 | Fore tarsomere 5 slightly thickened with long and strong bristles | 11 |
– | Fore tarsomere 5 not thickened, without long and strong bristles | 12 |
11 | Pleuron chiefly yellow; fore claw distinctly elongated, spine-like | N. micropyga Negrobov, 1987 |
– | Pleuron chiefly black; fore claw normal | N. yaoi Wang, Chen & Yang, 2010 |
12 | Postnotum wholly blackish; mid tibia and tarsus without row of short dense crochet-like av hairs, with only mid tarsomere 1 with row of erect av hairs | N. centralis Yang & Saigusa, 2001 |
– | Postnotum yellow with a nearly W-shaped dark brown spot; mid tibia and tarsus with row of short dense crochet-like av hairs | N. brevidigitata sp. nov. |
13 | Fore tibia without ad or pd bristle; hind tarsomere 1 without ventral bristle at base; wing wholly hyaline | 14 |
– | Fore tibia with one ad bristle and one pd bristle; hind tarsomere 1 with ~ 15 short erect spine-like black ventral bristles at base; wing with anterior apical corner brownish | 15 |
14 | First flagellomere brown (Fig. |
N. apicilata sp. nov. |
– | First flagellomere brownish with yellow base; fore tarsomeres 3–4 shortened, each 0.4× and 0.2× as long as tarsomere 2 respectively | N. ventralis Yang & Saigusa, 2005 |
15 | Fore tarsomere 1 not shorter fore tibia; mid tarsomere 1 not shorter than mid tibia | 16 |
– | Fore tarsomere 1 shorter than fore tibia, 0.8× as long as fore tibia; mid tarsomere 1 shorter than mid tibia, 0.9× as long as mid tibia | N. xiaolongmensis Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007 |
16 | Fore tarsomere 1 as long as fore tibia; mid tarsomere 1 longer than mid tibia, 1.4× as long as mid tibia; ventral surstylus rather wide ( |
N. qingchengshana Yang & Saigusa, 2001 |
– | Fore tarsomere 1 longer than fore tibia, 1.1× as long as fore tibia; mid tarsomere 1 as long as mid tibia; ventral surstylus relatively narrow (Fig. |
N. quadrimaculata sp. nov. |
17 | Abdomen metallic green with basal part yellow | 18 |
– | Abdomen mainly yellow with black spot(s) | 19 |
18 | Abdomen metallic green, tergum 1 with yellow basal margin; all legs yellow | N. grisea Parent, 1944 |
– | Abdominal segments 1–3 yellow; legs chiefly yellow except brownish mid coxa and brown to black from hind femur to hind tarsus | N. xui Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2003 |
19 | Mesonotum entirely yellow | 20 |
– | Mesonotum with small or large mid-posterior area brown or black | 27 |
20 | Fore tarsomere 4 with basal half swollen | 21 |
– | Fore tarsomere 4 with no swelling | 22 |
21 | Arista dorsal ( |
N. xiangshana Yang, 1999 |
– | Arista apical ( |
N. guizhouensis Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007 |
22 | Fore tarsomere 1 shorter than or as long as fore tibia | 23 |
– | Fore tarsomere 1 distinctly longer than fore tibia, 1.1× as long as fore tibia | 26 |
23 | Scutellum with small brownish basal spot; fore tarsomere 1 as long as fore tibia | N. basalis Yang & Saigusa, 2005 |
– | Scutellum without basal spot; fore tarsomere 1 shorter than fore tibia, between 0.7 to 0.9× respectively | 24 |
24 | Fore coxa with six to seven black anterior apical bristles; dorsal lobe of surstylus with short and obtuse process at dorsal corner ( |
N. shaanxiensis Yang & Saigusa, 2005 |
– | Fore coxa with four to six yellow apical bristles; surstylus not as above | 25 |
25 | Mid coxa with black hairs and bristles; dorsal lobe of surstylus with long and thin process at dorsal corner ( |
N. henana Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007 |
– | Mid coxa with yellow hairs and bristles; dorsal lobe of surstylus without process at dorsal corner ( |
N. wui Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007 |
26 | Six dc bristles; 18–19 paired acr bristles; dorsal lobe of surstylus short and wide ( |
N. xizangensis Yang, 1999 |
– | Three dc bristles; acr bristles absent; dorsal lobe of surstylus with wide base and long obtuse apex ( |
N. jiangsuensis Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007 |
27 | Abdominal sternite 5 subtriangular; fore tibia not thickened and bent at base | 28 |
– | Abdominal sternite 5 quadrate (Fig. |
N. basicurva sp. nov. |
28 | Wing normal at anterior margin; first flagellomere not triangular | 29 |
– | Wing subapically convex at anterior margin (Fig. |
N. convexa sp. nov. |
29 | 10–15 paired acr bristles | 30 |
– | 18–19 paired acr bristles | 31 |
30 | Frons and face yellow; first flagellomere quadrate (Fig. |
N. ventriprocessa sp. nov. |
– | Frons and face wholly metallic green; first flagellomere somewhat oval (Fig. |
N. huanglianshana sp. nov. |
31 | Mesonotum with narrow brown mid-posterior spot; mid tibia and tarsus with row of short erect pale av bristles; cercus with long apical process ( |
N. zhejiangensis Yang, 1999 |
– | Mesonotum with wide black mid-posterior area; mid tibia and tarsus without row of av bristle; cercus without apical process ( |
N. guangxiensis Yang, 1999 |
Holotype
: ♂, China: Yunnan, Lvchun, Yakou, Shuikuxiafang, (23°3'25.2"N, 102°46'37.71"E), 1780 m, collected by Malaise trap, 2019.IV.19-V.19, Liang Wang and Xin Li (
Male eyes contiguous on face. Mesonotum wholly dark yellow; scutellum dark yellow; postnotum dark brown posteriorly. Laterotergite with two minute dark brown or black spots at anterior margin and one large dark brown spot posteriorly. Hind tarsomere 1 with cluster of short thick posterior bristles at extreme base, several short ventral bristles and four short apical bristles (MSSC). Ventral surstylus rather wide, widened apically.
Male (Fig.
Head
metallic green with pale gray pollinosity; face very narrow, eyes contiguous on face. Hairs and bristles on head black, but postocular bristles (except uppermost two bristles) and postero-ventral hairs pale yellow. Antenna (Fig.
Thorax dark yellow with fine pale yellow pollinosity; mesonotum dark yellow; postalar callus with a small dark brown spot; postnotum dark brown posteriorly. Pteropleuron with a small black subtriangular spot. Laterotergite with two-minute dark brown or black spots at anterior margin and one large dark brown spot posteriorly. Hairs and bristles on thorax black, six strong dc, 18–20 irregularly paired acr short hair-like; scutellum with two pairs of bristles, lateral pair long and strong, median pair short and hair-like. Propleuron with one brown bristle on lower portion.
Legs mainly yellow, but fore tarsomeres 2–5 brown and mid and hind tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore coxa with three or four thick bristles on antero-apical portion mostly or wholly dark yellow; mid coxa with three anterior and apical bristles; hind coxa with one strong outer bristle at basal 1/3. Mid and hind trochanters each with one outer bristle at middle. Fore tibia devoid of bristles; mid tibia with two ad, two pd and two apical bristles; hind tibia with three ad, four pd, three apical bristles and one row of brownish yellow comb-like bristles. Fore tarsomere 1 with two short thin apical bristles. Mid tarsomere 1 with five short or long apical bristles. Hind tarsomere 1 with cluster of short thick posterior bristles at extreme base, several short ventral bristles and four short apical bristles. Relative lengths of tibiae and five tarsomeres of legs –LI 5.3: 6.2: 3.2: 2.1: 1.9: 0.9; LII 5.9: 9.1: 2.9: 2.1: 1.2: 0.7; LIII 9.8: 4.8: 4.1: 2.2: 1.2: 0.8.
Wing nearly hyaline, tinged brown; veins brown, M1+2 gently bent apically and convergent with R4+5; CuAx ratio 0.34. Squama yellow with pale yellow hairs. Halter yellow.
Abdomen yellow with yellow pollen, terga 2–5 dark yellow; terga 2–5 each with large blackish spot somewhat narrowed posteriorly. Hairs and bristles on abdomen black except those on venter more or less yellow.
Male genitalia
(Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name refers to the ventral surstylus widened apically.
The species is very similar to N. qingchengshana Yang & Saigusa, 2021 from Sichuan, but may be separated from the latter by the fore tarsomere 1 longer than fore tibia and ventral surstylus much widened at extreme tip. In N. qingchengshana, the fore tarsomere 1 is as long as the fore tibia, and the ventral surstylus is weakly widened at extreme tip (
Holotype
: ♂, China: Yunnan, Lvchun, Yakou, Shuikuxiafang, (23°3'25.2"N, 102°46'37.71"E), 1780 m, collected by Malaise trap, 2019.IV.19-V.19, Liang Wang and Xin Li (
Mesonotum with three brown longitudinal stripes at middle posterior region. Abdominal sternite 5 quadrate. Fore tibia basally weakly thickened and bent. Ventral surstylus wide, distinctly bent with distinctly bent and narrowed tip; dorsal surstylus short and broad, folded inward, apically furcated.
Male (Fig.
Head
metallic green with pale yellow pollinosity; eyes narrowly separated on middle portion of face. Hairs and bristles on head black, but postocular bristles and postero-ventral hairs pale yellow. Antennal scape and pedicel (Fig.
Thorax yellow with fine pale yellow pollinosity; mesonotum dark yellow with three brown longitudinal stripes at middle posterior region; scutellum brownish; postnotum brownish with dark yellow basal margin; laterotergite with a small black inner spot at anterior margin. Pteropleuron below wing base with a small black spot. Hairs and bristles on thorax black, six strong dc, 11–12 irregularly paired acr short hair-like; scutellum with two pairs of bristles, lateral pair long and strong, median pair short and hair-like.
Legs mainly yellow, but fore tarsus dark brown, mid and hind tarsi pale brown. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore coxa with six mostly yellow bristles on antero-apical portion; mid coxa with three anterior and apical bristles; hind coxa with one strong outer bristle at basal 1/3. Mid trochanter with two bristles, hind trochanter with one bristle. Fore femur with two rows of short dense av. Fore tibia modified, basally weakly thickened and bent, with two rows of long dense black anterior bristles at basal 1/3 and two rows of short dense brownish yellow anterior hairs at remaining 2/3. Mid tibia with one outer bristle and one pd, apically with one bristle. Hind tibia with one pd, apically with three bristles and one row of pale brown comb-like bristles apically. Fore tarsomere 1 modified, weakly bent, with short dense and erect pv; tarsomeres 2–4 with fine but dense ventral hairs. Mid tarsomere 1 with one pv at extreme base. Hind tarsomere 1 with cluster of short erect bristles basally. Relative lengths of tibiae and five tarsomeres of legs – LI 6.7: 5.9: 2.8: 1.8: 1.2: 1.0; LII 7.5: 8.8: 3.0: 2.0: 1.1: 0.8; LIII 12.1: 4.0: 4.0: 2.1: 1.3: 0.7.
Wing nearly hyaline, tinged brown; veins brown, M1+2 gently bent apically and convergent with R4+5; CuAx ratio 0.45. Squama yellow, but brown at margin, with yellow hairs. Halter dark pale yellow.
Abdomen
yellow with pale yellow pollen; terga 1–4 each with large dark brown spot; sternum 5 projected, quadrate (Fig.
Male genitalia
(Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name refers to the fore tibia basally weakly thickened and bent.
The species is peculiar and can be easily separated from other known species of the genus by the quadrate 5th abdominal sternite and fore tibia basally weakly thickened and bent.
Holotype
: ♂, China: Yunnan, Lvchun, Yakou, Shuikuxiafang, (23°3'25.2"N, 102°46'37.71"E), 1780 m, collected by Malaise trap, 2019.IV.19-V.19, Liang Wang and Xin Li (
Eyes almost contiguous on middle portion of face. Mesonotum with a brown mid-posterior stripe. Postnotum with a nearly W-shaped dark brown spot. Mid tibia and tarsus with row of short dense crochet-like av hairs. Hind tibia with short blackish comb-like apical bristles on very short and plate-like process. Ventral surstylus rather large and broad, ~ 1.5× wider than dorsal surstylus, apically with four long hairs.
Male (Fig.
Head
metallic green with pale yellow pollinosity; eyes almost contiguous on middle portion of face. Hairs and bristles on head black but postocular bristles and postero-ventral hairs pale yellow. Antenna (Fig.
Thorax yellow with fine pale yellow pollinosity; mesonotum with one brown longitudinal stripe at middle posterior region; scutellum brown at margin, with minute brown middle spot at basal margin; postnotum with a nearly W-shaped dark brown spot. Pteropleuron below wing base with a small black spot. Laterotergite with one blackish stripe and one minute brown spot at anterior margin. Hairs and bristles on thorax black; six strong dc, 12 irregularly paired acr short and hair-like; scutellum with two pairs of bristles, lateral pair long and strong, median pair short and hair-like. Propleuron with one yellow bristle on lower portion.
Legs mainly yellow; fore tarsomeres 3–5 and mid and hind tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown. Hairs and bristles on legs black except hairs on fore coxa yellow. Fore coxa with four thick dark brownish yellow bristles on antero-apical portion; mid coxa with three or four partly brownish yellow or black anterior and apical bristles; hind coxa with one strong black outer bristle at basal 1/3. Mid and hind trochanters each with one outer bristle at middle. Fore tibia devoid of bristles. Mid tibia with two ad, two pd, row of short dense crochet-like av hairs, and two apical bristles. Hind tibia much elongated, 1.7× longer than fore tibia, with three ad, three pd, seven short thin pv, two thick apical bristles, and short blackish comb-like apical bristles on very short plate-like process. Fore tarsomeres 4 and 5 with slightly long hairs. Mid tarsus with row of short dense crochet-like av hairs; tarsomere 1 with two short ad, one long pd at extreme base, five av, and three apical bristles. Hind tarsomere 1 with pale-colored semi-fan-shaped ventral ridge bearing three short and three long hairs at extreme base, three av, and four apical bristles. Relative lengths of tibiae and five tarsomeres of legs – LI 6.8: 4.9: 3.2: 2.9: 2.1: 0.8; LII 8.2: 8.2: 3.5: 2.2:1.2: 0.7; LIII 11.5: 4.7: 4.1: 2.4: 1.3: 0.9.
Wing nearly hyaline, tinged brown; veins brown, M1+2 gently bent apically and convergent with R4+5; CuAx ratio 0.16. Squama yellow but brown at margin, with yellow hairs. Halter dark yellow, with cluster of hairs at base of knob.
Abdomen yellow with pale yellow pollen; terga 2–5 each with dark brown antero-laterally; hypopygium shiny dark brown. Hairs and bristles on abdomen black except those on venter more or less yellow.
Male genitalia
(Fig.
Female. Body length 4–5.2 mm, wing length 3.8–4.2 mm. Similar to male, except the following features: eyes distinctly separated on face, narrowest distance in middle of face equal to distance between ocellar bristles; postnotum with a nearly U-shaped dark brown spot. Relative lengths of tibiae and five tarsomeres of legs – LI 4.2: 3.3: 2.1: 1.7: 0.9: 0.6; LII 5.2: 2.8: 2.0: 1.2: 0.7: 0.5; LIII 8.0: 3.1: 2.6: 1.5: 1.0: 0.6.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name refers to the dorsal surstylus with a short finger-like process apically.
The species is very similar to N. centralis Yang & Saigusa from Yunnan, but may be separated from the latter by the postnotum yellow with a nearly W-shaped dark brown spot and the mid tibia and tarsus with row of short dense crochet-like av hairs. In N. centralis, the postnotum is wholly blackish, and the mid tibia and tarsus do not have the crochet-like av hairs except the mid tarsomere 1 with row of erect av hairs (
Neurigona centralis Yang & Saigusa, 2001: 173. Type locality: China: Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulongxueshan.
Mesonotum with a black mid-posterior stripe. Postnotum wholly blackish. Mid tibia and tarsus without row of short dense crochet-like av hairs, but mid tarsomere 1 with row of erect av hairs. Epandrium short and wide. Dorsal surstylus short and wide with bifurcated apical process; ventral surstylus long, rather narrow.
China (Yunnan).
Holotype
: ♂, China: Yunnan, Lvchun, Yakou, Shuikuxiafang, (23°3'25.2"N, 102°46'37.71"E), 1780 m, collected by Malaise trap, 2019.IV.19-V.19, Liang Wang and Xin Li (
First flagellomere somewhat triangular. Wing subapically convex at anterior margin. Fore tarsomere 4 ventrally weakly swollen at extreme base and then weakly concave for a short distance. Ventral surstylus distinctly widened subapically, apically nearly finger-like; dorsal surstylus nearly as long as ventral surstylus, rather wide, apically somewhat narrow.
Male (Fig.
Head
metallic green with pale gray pollinosity; eyes very narrowly separated on middle portion of face. Hairs and bristles on head black, but postocular bristles and postero-ventral hairs pale yellow. Antenna (Fig.
Thorax yellow with fine pale yellow pollinosity; mesonotum dark brownish yellow, but brown on flat mid-posterior portion; scutellum dark brownish yellow; postnotum dark brown at basal margin; laterotergite with a small black stripe at anterior margin. Pteropleuron with a very small black subtriangular spot just below wing base. Hairs and bristles on thorax black, six strong dc, 10–11 irregularly paired acr, short, hair-like; scutellum with two pairs of bristles, lateral pair long and strong, median pair short and hair-like. Propleuron with one brown bristle on lower portion.
Legs mainly yellow, but mid and hind tibiae and tarsi brown to dark brown. Hairs and bristles on legs mostly black except hairs on fore coxa pale yellow. Fore coxa with five brownish bristles on antero-apical portion; mid coxa with three brownish anterior and apical bristles; hind coxa with one strong black outer bristle at basal 1/3. Fore tibia with one short ad. Mid tibia with three ad, two pd, and two black strong apical bristles. Hind tibia with three ad, three pd, three short apical bristles, and one row of brownish yellow comb-like bristles. Fore tarsus with very short hairs. Fore tarsomere 4 ventrally weakly swollen at extreme base and weakly incised outward, and with short and nearly erect ventral hairs; tarsomere 5 ventrally with short and nearly erect ventral hairs. Mid tarsomere 1 with two short ad, three short av, and four short thick apical bristles; tarsomeres 2–4 with several short spine-like ventral bristles. Hind tarsomere 1 with thick ventral bristles and three short thick apical bristles. Relative lengths of tibiae and five tarsomeres of legs LI – 7.1: 5.9: 2.2: 1.4:1.1: 0.9; LII 8.1: 8.2: 2.2: 1.3: 0.9: 0.8; LIII 11.2: 3.8: 3.6: 1.5: 1.2: 0.7.
Wing
(Fig.
Abdomen
yellow with pale yellow pollen; terga 2–5 each with large dark brown spot at middle; hypopygium shiny dark brown. Abdominal sternite 5 distinctly projected, large subtriangular (Fig.
Male genitalia
(Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name refers to the wing subapically convex at anterior margin.
The new species is peculiar and can be easily separated from other known species of the genus by the wing subapically convex at anterior margin and arista shorter than head width.
Holotype
: ♂, China: Yunnan, Lvchun, Yakou, Shuikuxiafang, (23°3'25.2"N, 102°46'37.71"E), 1780 m, collected by Malaise trap, 2019.IV.19-V.19, Liang Wang and Xin Li (
Mesonotum with brown subtriangular spot at middle posterior region; scutellum dark brownish yellow with dark yellow posterior margin; postnotum dark brown with dark yellow anterior margin. First flagellomere somewhat oval. Hind tarsomere 1 with cluster of short, erect, and fine ventral bristles basally, three pv on apical 1/3, and two apical bristles. Ventral surstylus apically strongly bent, with bifurcated tip; dorsal surstylus wider than ventral surstylus, nearly quadrate, apically with one knife-like dorsal process.
Male (Fig.
Head
metallic green with gray pollinosity; eyes very narrowly separated on middle portion of face. Hairs and bristles on head black, but postocular bristles and postero-ventral hairs pale yellow. Antenna (Fig.
Thorax yellow with fine pale yellow pollinosity; mesonotum with brown subtriangular spot at middle posterior region; scutellum dark brownish yellow with dark yellow posterior margin; postnotum dark brown with dark yellow anterior margin; laterotergite with blackish stripe at anterior margin and dark brown inner portion. Pteropleuron below wing base with a small black spot. Hairs and bristles on thorax black, six or seven strong dc, 10–12 irregularly paired acr short hair-like; scutellum with two pairs of bristles, lateral pair long and strong, median pair short and hair-like. Propleuron with one yellow bristle on lower portion.
Legs yellow except fore tarsus dark yellow with tarsomere 5 brown and mid and hind tarsi brownish yellow. Hairs and bristles on legs mostly black except hairs on fore coxa brownish yellow to brown. Fore coxa with four long thick brownish yellow bristles on antero-apical portion; mid coxa with three brownish yellow anterior and apical bristles; hind coxa with one strong black outer bristle at basal 1/3. Mid tibia with one ad, one pd, and two short or long apical bristles. Hind tibia with three ad, two pd, two apical ventral bristles, and one row of brownish yellow comb-like bristles. Mid tarsomere 1 with one short and one long dorsal bristles at base. Hind tarsomere 1 with cluster of short erect and fine ventral bristles basally, three pv on apical 1/3, and two apical bristles. Relative lengths of tibiae and five tarsomeres of legs – LI 11.3: 8.0: 5.0: 3.3:1.9: 1.0; LII 13.4: 14.1: 3.7: 2.9:1.6: 2.4; LIII 20.6: 5.9: 6.3: 3.8: 2.7: 1.2.
Wing nearly hyaline, tinged brown; veins brown, M1+2 distinctly bent, somewhat geniculate, greater than 90 degrees; CuAx ratio 0.49. Squama yellow with yellow hairs. Halter yellow, but base of knob brown with cluster of black hairs.
Abdomen
yellow with pale yellow pollen; terga 2–4 each with dark brown basal spot; abdominal sternum 5 distinctly projected, long and subtriangular (Fig.
Male genitalia
(Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The species is named after the type locality Huanglianshan.
This species is somewhat similar to N. henana Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007 from Henan of China, but may be separated from the latter by the arista subapical and mesonotum with one brown subtriangular spot at middle posterior region. In N. henana, the arista is dorsal, and the mesonotum is wholly yellow (
Holotype
: ♂, China: Yunnan, Lvchun, Yakou, Shuikuxiafang, (23°3'25.2"N, 102°46'37.71"E), 1780 m, collected by Malaise trap, 2019.IV.19-V.19, Liang Wang and Xin Li (
Eyes contiguous on face. Postnotum and laterotergite dark brown. Thoracic pleuron with four dark spots. Mid tarsus with row of crochet-like av hairs. Ventral surstylus longer than dorsal surstylus, rather narrow, but wide at apex; dorsal surstylus very wide, ~ 3× wider than ventral surstylus, with a long acute apico-dorsal process.
Male (Fig.
Head
metallic green with pale gray pollinosity; face very narrow, eyes contiguous on face. Hairs and bristles on head black, but postocular bristles (except uppermost two) and postero-ventral hairs yellow. Antenna (Fig.
Thorax dark yellow with fine pale yellow pollinosity; mesonotum wholly dark yellow, postalar callus with a small dark brown spot; scutellum yellow; postnotum and laterotergite dark brown; mesopleuron, sternopleuron (except posterior portion), and hypopleuron (except postero-dorsal corner) dark brown, pteropleuron brown with a small black spot. Hairs and bristles on thorax black, six strong dc gradually becoming longer backward, 11–12 irregularly paired acr short and hair-like; scutellum with two pairs of sc, lateral pair long and strong, median pair very short and weak. Propleuron with one brown bristle on lower portion.
Legs mainly yellow, but brown or dark brown from tip of tarsomere 1 onward. Hairs and bristles on legs black except hairs on fore coxa yellow. Fore coxa with four thick yellow bristles on antero-apical portion; mid coxa with three mostly dark yellow anterior and apical bristles; hind coxa with one strong black outer bristle at basal 1/3. Mid and hind trochanters each with one spine-like outer bristle at middle. Fore tibia devoid of bristles. Mid tibia with three ad, two pd, and two strong apical bristles. Hind tibia with three ad, three pd, three strong apical bristles, and one row of yellow comb-like bristles. Mid tarsus with row of crochet-like av hairs; tarsomere 1 with one short ad at middle and one long pd at extreme tip. Relative lengths of tibiae and five tarsomeres of legs – LI 5.5: 5.9: 3.2: 2.3: 1.2: 0.8; LII 7.6: 7.9: 3.3: 1.8: 1.1: 0.8; LIII 11.2: 4.2: 4.0: 1.9: 1.2: 0.8.
Wing nearly hyaline, tinged brown; veins brown, M1+2 gently bent apically and convergent with R4+5; CuAx ratio 0.29. Squama yellow with pale yellow hairs. Halter pale yellow.
Abdomen yellow with yellow pollen; terga 2–5 each with large blackish basal spot. Hairs and bristles on abdomen chiefly black except those on venter more or less yellow.
Male genitalia
(Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name refers to the thoracic pleuron with four dark spots.
The species is similar to N. qingchengshana Yang & Saigusa, 2021 from Sichuan, but may be separated from the latter by the fore tarsomere 1 longer than fore tibia, 1.1× as long as fore tibia; and narrow ventral surstylus. In N. qingchengshana, the fore tarsomere 1 is as long as the fore tibia, and the ventral surstylus is rather wide (
Neurigona ventralis Yang & Saigusa, 2005: 759. Type locality: China: Shaanxi, Fuping.
Postnotum dark brown. First flagellomere brownish with yellow base. Fore tarsomeres 3 and 4 shortened, each 0.4× and 0.2× as long as tarsomere 2. respectively; tarsomeres 2 and 3 with long dorsal bristles, tarsomeres 3–5 with two rows of spine-like ventral bristles. Wing wholly hyaline. Dorsal surstylus short and wide with bifurcated apical processes; ventral surstylus long, rather narrow.
China (Yunnan, Shaanxi).
Holotype
: ♂, China: Yunnan, Lvchun, Yakou, Shuikuxiafang, (23°3'25.2"N, 102°46'37.71"E), 1780 m, collected by Malaise trap, 2019.IV.19-V.19, Liang Wang and Xin Li (
Frons and face yellow. First flagellomere somewhat quadrate. Mesonotum brownish to brown, but notopleuron somewhat pale; scutellum brown with dark yellow apical margin; postnotum brown with blackish middle line. Fore tarsomere 3 shortened and tarsomere 4 ventrally weakly concave with mammillary ventral process at extreme base. Ventral surstylus distinctly longer than dorsal surstylus, distinctly widened at middle, apically narrowed with short finger-like ventral process; dorsal surstylus short, much widened, ~ 1.5× wider than ventral surstylus.
Male (Fig.
Head
metallic green with gray pollinosity, but yellow ventrally; eyes very narrowly separated on middle portion of face. Hairs and bristles on head black, but postocular bristles and postero-ventral hairs pale yellow. Antenna (Fig.
Thorax mostly dark yellow to brownish yellow with fine pale yellow pollinosity; mesonotum brownish to brown, but notopleuron somewhat pale; scutellum brown with dark yellow apical margin; postnotum brown with blackish middle line. Laterotergite with blackish stripe at anterior margin. Pteropleuron with a small black subtriangular spot. Hairs and bristles on thorax black, five strong dc, 14–15 irregularly acr short hair-like; scutellum with two pairs of bristles, lateral pair long and strong, median pair short and hair-like. Propleuron with one brown bristle on lower portion.
Legs mainly yellow, but hind femur ventrally dark brown at basal 1/3; mid and hind tarsomeres 2–5 brown or dark brown. Hairs and bristles on legs mostly black except hairs on all coxae dark yellow. Fore coxa with dark yellow hairs and six mostly brownish yellow bristles on antero-apical portion; mid coxa with two short black bristles and eight dense dark yellow anterior and apical bristles; hind coxa with dark yellow hairs and one strong outer black bristle at basal 1/3. Mid and hind trochanters each with one outer bristle at middle. All femora distinctly thickened basally. Fore tibia with one short ad and two short pd. Mid tibia with two ad, three pd, one av, two pv, and three apical bristles. Hind tibia with three ad, three pd, two short or long apical bristles, and one row of yellow comb-like bristles. Fore tarsomere 3 shortened with short dense ventral hairs; tarsomere 4 somewhat whitened, ventrally weakly concave, somewhat bare at middle, extreme base distinctly dilated with mammillary ventral process, extreme tip weakly dilated with several short curly brown ventral hairs; tarsomere 5 with quite dense, curly and dark brown ventral hairs. Mid tarsomere 1 with several short or long bristles. Relative lengths of tibiae and five tarsomeres of legs LI – 6.8: 6.7: 2.9: 0.8:1.1: 1.0; LII 8.8: 9.1: 3.7: 2.4:1.3: 0.8; LIII 13.9: 4.9: 4.8: 2.6: 1.8: 0.9.
Wing nearly hyaline, tinged brown; veins dark brown, M1+2 strongly bent, geniculate nearly in a right angle; CuAx ratio 0.54. Squama dark yellow with brown margin bearing yellow hairs. Halter dark yellow with dark brown knob.
Abdomen
yellow with pale yellow pollen; terga 1–4 each with large dark brown sport, tergum 5 wholly brown; sternum 5 weakly projected, small and subtriangular (Fig.
Male genitalia
(Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name refers to the fore tarsomere 4 with mammillary ventral process at extreme base.
The species is somewhat similar to N. guangxiensis Yang, 1999 and N. zhejiangensis Yang, 1999 from Oriental China in having the nearly quadrate first flagellomere, but may be separated from them by the mesonotum brownish to brown, fore tarsomere 3 shortened and tarsomere 4 ventrally weakly concave with mammillary ventral process at extreme base. In N. guangxiensis and N. zhejiangensis, the mesonotum is yellow with markings on the middle posterior portion, and the fore tarsus is not modified (
Neurigona yunnana Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007: 38. Type locality: China: Yunnan, Mengla.
Antenna brownish. Four strong dc; quadriseriate acr. Fore coxa with 4–6 black bristles on antero-apical portion. Apex of fore tarsomere 4 and entire fore tarsomere 5 white with white hairs. Hypopygium yellow. Dorsal surstylus wide with nearly acute tip; ventral surstylus slightly longer than dorsal surstylus, apically distinctly widened.
China (Yunnan).
The fauna of China has been divided into seven ecoregions: Northeast China, North China, Mongolia-Xinjiang Region, Qinghai-Tibet Regionthat belong to the Palaearctic Realm, and Southwest China, Central China, and South China Region that belong to the Oriental Realm (
The seven new species described in this study were collected by Malaise traps from the same locality, indicating a high level of local sympatry. There are many references indicating that the subfamily Medeterinae also exhibits rich local sympatry. For example, six species of Systenus were found from the same locality near Manaus, Brazil (
We are very grateful to Dr. Liang Wang and Dr. Xin Li (Beijing) for collecting specimens and providing the habitat photographs and descriptions. We thank Dr. Scott Williams and Dr. Yan Yan (Boston) checking this manuscript. Meanwhile, we would like to extend our gratitude to the subject editor Marija Ivković and the reviewers Dan Bickel, Patrick Grootaert, and Marc Pollet for their invaluable assistance.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32260121), Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (No. 2022MS03003) and Higher Education Science and Technology Research Project of Inner Mongolia [grant number NJZY22575].
All authors have contributed equally.
Chen Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-5012
Mengqing Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-9301
Ding Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-3478
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.