Holotype : ♂ Saudi Arabia, Riyadh: Majami al-Hadb Protected Area, Wadi Rawdat al-hadb (NCWM/Sco-2023:1020), 23.V.2023, 21.605867°N, 43.766051°E, 1045 m a.s.l., Badry A. leg. (NCWM/Sco-2023: 1020). Paratypes: 1♀, Wadi Rawdat al-hadb (NCWM/Sco-2023: 1021), 22.V.2023, 21.650736°N, 43.704530°E, 985 m. a.s.l., Badry A. leg.; 6♀ & 3 juv., Wadi Rawdat al-hadb, 23.V.2023, 21.605867°N, 43.766051°E, 1045 m a.s.l., Badry A. leg. (NCWM/Sco-2023: 1022-29).

Leiurus arabicus: Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, 24.253561°N, 46.890831°E, 1♀, Alqahtani AR & Badry A leg. (NCWM/Sco-2023: 1111).

The specific name is placed in apposition to the generic name and refers to Majami al-Hadb protected Area, National Center for Wildlife, where the new species was found.

Medium to large Leiurus, 66.5–113.00 mm in length, carapace L 6.7–10.6 mm; base color is yellow or yellow-orange, carapace and tergites with extensive dark pigmentation; ventromedian carinae of metasomas II and III with some vestigial blackish spots over ventral carinae; metasoma IV fuscous except anteriorly; metasoma V heavily blackish; carapace with area between anterior median carinae bearing scattered fine to medium granules, area between posterior median carinae with deep median furrow of carapace moderately flanked by lateral granules by arcs; medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II and III smooth or lightly shagreened; posterior margin of coxa III smooth or with sparse fine granules; metasoma moderately slender, metasoma II L/W 1.66–1.86, metasoma III L/W 1.81–2.07, metasoma IV L/W 2.02–2.36; ventromedian carinae of metasoma II and III with 23–33 denticles (16/16 carinae); metasoma V with enlarged subtriangular or lobate denticles on ventrolateral carinae; pedipalps slender, patella L/W ♂ 3.62, ♀ 3.08–3.74; leg III patella L/D ♂ 4.10, ♀ 4.16–5.55; pectin teeth ♂ 36–37, ♀ 29–32; pectines long, narrow, pectine L/carapace L ♂ 1.40, ♀ 1.03–1.33, mid-pectine sensillar margin L/metasoma I W ♂ 0.22, ♀ 0.107–0.163; pectin basal piece smooth in females, smooth or slightly shagreened in males; leg III basitarsus with 8–10 retrosuperior setae; pedipalp chela fixed finger with trichobothrium db distal to est; sternite VII with area between median carinae smooth or with sparse fine granulation anteriorly, more heavily in males; sternite carination: males, sternite III with median carinae weak to obsolete, sternites IV and V with weak, finely granulated lateral carinae, obsolete median carinae; females, sternite III with median carinae weak or obsolete, sternites IV and V with lateral carinae moderate, median carinae weak or obsolete.

(based on holotype and paratypes). Morphometric values presented in Tables 1, 2.

Coloration. Base color yellow or yellow-orange, carapace and tergites with extensive dark pigmentation; carapace dark on anterior interocular area, carinae, and posterior margin, light around posterior median furrow, lateral flanks outside lateral carinae pale; pretergites I–VI dark posteriorly, maculate anteriorly, III–VI with pair of pale median spots; tergites I–VI fuscous on medial and mediolateral intercarinal surfaces, with pair of pale anterior median spots, lateral flanks pale; tergite VII with slight fuscosity in anterior median area; ventromedian carinae of metasomas II and III with some vestigial blackish spots over ventral carinae; metasoma IV fuscous except anteriorly; metasoma V heavily blackish.

Prosoma (Figs 1–3). Subrectangular, broad, W/L 1.19, with moderately sloped lateral flanks; upper surface with nearly flat posterior and medial plateau, strongly raised ocular tubercle; interocular triangle convex laterally, depressed medially; anterior margin very slightly emarginate, nearly straight, medially microdenticulate, bordered by row of medium sized granules; eight short macrosetae on anterior margin, carapace otherwise devoid of macrosetae; five lateral eyes (3 large, 2 small) on each side; carination: anterior median, superciliary, central lateral, posterior median and posterior lateral carinae moderate to strong, coarsely granular; anterior median carinae not extending to anterior margin of carapace, separated from anterior marginal row of granules; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused into lyre configuration; central median carinae coarsely granular, anterior part nearly straight, angled outward, posterior part outwardly curved; posterior lateral carinae strong, hind end without lateral extension, projecting only slightly past posterior margin of carapace; lateral ocular carinae moderate, with medium, spaced granules; granulation: sparse patches of 14–16 small to large granules on anterolateral corners of interocular triangle, 8–14 small to medium granules in front of lateral ocular carinae; surface between anterior median carinae smooth except for ten small to medium granules dispersed in anterior area; other intercarinal surfaces smooth except for few isolated small to medium granules; posterior median furrow shallow, broad, with few median microgranules, flanked by lateral arcs of small granules; posterior margin of carapace between posterior lateral carinae rimmed by regular series of medium granules.

Chelicera. Dorsal surface of manus smooth, with six short, pale microsetae, four near apical margin, two subapical, each surrounded by granules; dorso-internal carina at base of fixed finger very strong, well granulated, terminating anteriorly with prominent granules projecting over front of manus; single macroseta in middle of dorso-internal carina; dorsal surface of movable finger smooth, with four pale microsetae; fingers with characteristic buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963); movable finger dorsal margin with five teeth: dorsal distal tine, subdistal, median and two basal teeth fused in bicuspid; ventral margin with three teeth: ventral distal tine, median and basal teeth; fixed finger margin with four teeth: distal tine, subdistal, median and basal teeth; ventral aspect of fixed finger with two teeth.

Pectines (Figs 1–3) long; pectinal tooth count 31–32 for female holotype and 36–37 for one male paratype.

Mesosoma (Figs 1–3). Mesosomal pretergites smooth; tergites: tergites I and II with five granular carinae; III and VI with three straight or slightly curved carinae with medium granules; all carinae moderate to strong, terminating distally in a spinoid process that extends slightly beyond the posterior margin of the tergite; median carinae moderate on I, moderate to strong on II–VI; tergite VII with five strong, granular carinae, with lateral pairs of carinae moderate to strong and joined anteriorly by transverse granule rows; fine granulation on anterior median patch and transverse strips on either side; intercarinal surface smooth, with transverse anterior series of small or medium granules; very fine granulation on anterior median patch and in transverse strips on either side; sternites: sternite III with median carinae weak to obsolete; sternites IV and V with strong, finely granulated lateral carinae, weak to vestigial median carinae; sternite VI with strong, coarsely granulated lateral carinae, moderate, finely granulated median carinae; sternite VII with strong, coarsely granulated median and lateral carinae; medial intercarinal surfaces of all sternites smooth or lightly shagreened anteriorly, lateral intercarinal surfaces smooth posteriorly, lightly shagreened anteriorly on sternites IV–VI.

Metasoma (Figs 1–3). Metasomal segments I–III with ten carinae lateral inframedian carinae complete on I; restricted to posterior zone by 1/2 of the length on II and III; IV with eight carinae. Dorsal and dorsolateral carinae moderate, without any enlarged denticles distally; ventromedian carinae moderate on I and IV, moderate anteriorly, strong posteriorly on II and III, with posterior granules taller but shorter; 25–33 granules on ventromedian carinae of metasoma II and III; metasomal segment V with five carinae; metasomal segment V with five carinae; dorsolateral carinae very weak, faintly granulated, ventrolateral carinae strong with rounded dentate granules increasing in size posteriorly, with several large subtriangular, lobate denticles, ventrosubmedian carinae marked by prominent series of medium to large rounded, dentate granules along length of segment, ventromedian carina strong, with medium to large rounded, dentate granules increasing in size posteriorly; anal arch with three slightly spinoid lobes; intercarinal spaces almost smooth, with only a few granules on the ventral surface of segment V. Telson smooth; subaculear tubercle absent; aculeus with a similar length to that of vesicle; weakly curved. Chelicerae fingers exhibit characteristic buthid dentition (Vachon 1963).

Pedipalps (Fig. 4). Femur moderately slender, L/W 3.28; with five carinae; all carinae strong with coarse, closely spaced dentate granules; internal carina strong, with small and large dentate granules spaced well apart; external carina moderate, with well-spaced, coarse, dentate granules; patella with seven carinae; moderately slender, L/W 3.32; all carinae moderately to weakly crenulate; dorso-internal carinae with four or five small spinoid granules; all intercarinal surfaces smooth; chela slender, smooth and without carinae, L/W 5.85, with elongated fingers, movable finger L/ manus ventral L 2.2;. denticle subrows of fixed and movable fingers composed of 12–12 almost linear rows of granules in a large majority of the examined specimens.

Trichobothriotaxy (Fig. 4). Trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic, type A (Vachon 1974); dorsal trichobothria of femur in β (beta) configuration (Vachon 1975). Dorsal trichobothrium of femur d₄ slightly distal in relation to the external trichobothrium e₁; chela fixed finger trichobothrium db distal to est.

Legs (Fig. 5) moderately long, slender, patella III L/D 4.19; inferior carinae strongly denticulate on femurs I–IV and patellas I–III, very weakly denticulate, almost smooth on patella IV; tibiae III and IV with long spurs; retrolateral tarsal spurs simple, non-setose; prolateral tarsal spurs basally bifurcate, bearing 1–3 macrosetae; basitarsi I–III with well-developed bristle-combs.

Most collections came from vegetated wadis in Majami al-Hadb Protected Area arid deserts. The species is probably lapidicolous, living under rocks in wadis of both sedimentary and igneous hills and mountains (Fig. 8).

The Mujam’a Al-Hadab protected area is situated in the southwest of the Al-Hamra Mountains, approximately 80 km from the city of Rania in the Riyadh region. Covering 2256 square kilometers, it is dominated by dark volcanic mountains, sandy desert plains, and faded granite domes. These features give rise to wadis such as Wadi Sdiri, Wadi Al-Hamal, and Wadi Al-Farsha. The granite domes in this area range in color from pink to gray and have a smooth texture. Some of these domes rise ~ 400 meters above their surroundings. Desert air circulation has created cavities in the dome facades, along with small caves that fill with water during rainfall and persist for months after the rain stops. In addition to other scorpion species, Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) and Compsobuthus manzonii (Borelli, 1915), can also be found in these mountains.