Trilacuna rastrum Tong & Li, 2007 from Yunnan, China.

See Tong et al. (2020).

42 species, including three described here.

Iran to the Korean Peninsula and south to Sumatra.

Holotype ♂ (SYNU-660): China, Yunnan Province, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali City, Cangshan Mountain, post-fire forest in 1999, 25°38′30″N, 100°08′04″E, Z. Yang leg., 2/11/2009.

Males of the new species are similar to those of T. bawan Tong, Zhang & Li, 2019 in the shape of palp, but they can be distinguished by the reduced eyes (Fig. 1D, F) vs normal, the smooth sternum (Fig. 1E) vs with grooves at posterior part, and the slightly elevated epigastric region (Fig. 1B, C) vs epigastric region strongly elevated (Tong et al. 2019: fig. 1A, E, G–I).

Figure 1. 

Trilacuna cangshan sp. nov., male holotype A–C habitus in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D–F prosoma in dorsal, ventral, and anterior views G labium and endites in ventral view H chelicerae, slightly oblique lateral view. Abbreviations: cdb = slightly curved distal branch; ehb = elevated hair base; ldi = labium deep incision. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.2 mm (G, H).

Male (holotype). Body: yellow, legs lighter; habitus as in Fig. 1A–C; body length 1.76. Carapace: 0.78 long, 0.67 wide; sides granulate, lateral margin rebordered (Fig. 1D, F). Eyes: vestigial, only visible in frontal view (Fig. 1D, F). Mouthparts: chelicerae straight, proximal region with one seta with elevated base; labium rectangular, anterior margin deeply incised; endites slender, distally branched (Fig. 1E, G, H). Sternum: surface finely reticulated (Fig. 1E). Abdomen: 1.01 long, 0.60 wide; booklung covers ovoid, surface smooth; dorsal scutum not fused to epigastric scutum; sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles; apodemes present, posterior spiracles connected by groove; epigastric region slightly elevated, with a cluster of densely short setae (Fig. 1A–C). Palp: orange; 0.64 long (0.20, 0.13, 0.13, 0.18); femur greatly elongated (width/length = 0.64); bulb kidney-shaped, tapering apically; psembolus with basal leaf-shaped projection (blp) and ventral broad lobes (vbl); with dorsal median branch (lmb) and retrolateral, long curved branch (lcb) (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. 

Trilacuna cangshan sp. nov., left male palp A–F (light) and right male palp G–L (SEM, images flipped horizontally) A, G prolateral view B, H dorsal view C, I retrolateral view D, J distal part of bulb, prolateral view E, K distal part of bulb, dorsal view F, L distal part of bulb, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: blp = basal leaf-shaped projection; bth = basal thin “hairs”; dth = distal thick “hairs”; lcb = lateral curved branch; lh = lateral “hairs”; lmb = long median branch; vbl = ventral broad lobes. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–C, G–I); 0.02 mm (D–F, J–L).

Female. Unknown.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Known only from the type locality, Yunnan Province, China (Fig. 8).

Holotype ♂ (SYNU-661): China, Yunnan Province, Lincang City, Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County, Banhong township, Wuman Hill, 23°15′15″N, 99°05′52″E, Z. Yang leg., 13/5/2021.

The new species is similar to T. longtankou Tong & Li, 2020 in the shape of the male palp, but it can be distinguished by the smooth sternum (Fig. 3B) vs sternum with two rows of paddle-shaped setae, and the large dorsal prong and the narrow lateral and dorsal branches of psembolus (Fig. 4J, K) vs a basal branch and several broad branches of psembolus (Huang et al. 2020: fig. 3E, F, H).

Figure 3. 

Trilacuna wumanshan sp. nov., male holotype A–C habitus in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views, arrow shows the elevated epigastric region D–F prosoma in dorsal, ventral, and anterior views G labium and endites in ventral view H chelicerae in slightly oblique lateral view. Abbreviations: ehb = elevated hair base; ldi = labium deep incision. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.2 mm (G, H).

Figure 4. 

Trilacuna wumanshan sp. nov., left male palp, A–F (light) and G–L (SEM) A, G prolateral view B, H dorsal view C, I retrolateral view D, J distal part of bulb, prolateral view E, K distal part of bulb, dorsal view F, L distal part of bulb, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: bsh = basal short “hairs”; db = dorsal branch; lb = lateral branch; ldp = large dorsal prong; mb = median branch; vp = ventral projection. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A–C, G–I); 0.05 mm (D–F, J–L).

Male (holotype). Body: yellow-brown, chelicerae and sternum lighter, legs yellow; habitus as in Fig. 3A–C; body length 1.44. Carapace: 0.70 long, 0.56 wide; sides smooth, lateral margin rebordered (Fig. 3D). Eyes: ALE largest, PME smallest; ALE separated from edge of carapace by 1.0 diameters (Fig. 3D, F). Mouthparts: chelicerae straight, proximal region with one hair with elevated hair base; labium rectangular, anterior margin deeply incised; endites slender, distally not branched (Fig. 3E, G, H). Sternum: surface finely smooth (Fig. 3E). Abdomen: 0.72 long, 0.47 wide; booklung covers ovoid, surface smooth; dorsal scutum not fused to epigastric scutum; sperm pore situated at level of posterior spiracles; apodemes present, posterior spiracles not connected by groove; epigastric region slightly elevated (Fig. 3A–C). Palp: orange; 0.54 long (0.16, 0.09, 0.12, 0.17); femur greatly elongated (width/length = 0.60); bulb triangle, tapering anteriorly; psembolus with large dorsal prong (ldp), a cluster of basal short “hairs” (bsh), and a small ventral projection (vp); with a broad median branch (mb), a narrow lateral branch (lb) and a dorsal branch (db) (Fig. 4).

Female. Unknown.

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Known only from the type locality, Yunnan Province, China (Fig. 8).

Holotype ♂ (SYNU-653): China, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Longling County, Xiaoheishan Natural Reserve, Z. Li & L. Wang leg., 17/2/2011; Paratypes 1 ♂ (SYNU-654),1 ♀ (SYNU-655), 2 ♀ (SYNU-656-657), same data as holotype.

Males of the new species are similar to those of T. werni Eichenberger, 2011 in the shape of the male palp, but they can be distinguished by the branch of psembolus with row of combs (Fig. 6D, J) vs a groove with row of lobes (Eichenberger and Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: fig. 12A, B, E, I), and the unfused abdominal dorsal and ventral scuta (Fig. 5C) vs dorsal scutum fused to the epigastric scutum (Eichenberger and Kranz-Baltensperger 2011: fig. 11C). Females can be distinguished from the other Trilacuna species by the curved posterior margin of epigastric scutum (Fig. 7F, G) vs roundly bent.

Figure 5. 

Trilacuna xiaoheishan sp. nov., male holotype A–C habitus in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D–F prosoma in dorsal, ventral, and anterior views G labium and endites in ventral view H chelicerae, anterior view. Abbreviations: ehb = elevated hair base; ldi = labium deep incision. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.2 mm (G, H).

Figure 6. 

Trilacuna xiaoheishan sp. nov., left male palp A–F (light) and G–L (SEM) A, G prolateral view B, H dorsal view C, I retrolateral view D, J distal part of bulb, prolateral view E, K distal part of bulb, dorsal view F, L distal part of bulb, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: brc = branch with row of combs; sdb = short dorsal branch; lcb = lateral curved branch; tmb = thin median branch; wfb = distally widened flat branch. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A–C, G–I); 0.05 mm (D–F, J–L).

Figure 7. 

Trilacuna xiaoheishan sp. nov., female paratype A–C habitus in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D, E prosoma in dorsal and ventral views F abdomen in ventral view G, H copulatory organ in ventral and dorsal views, arrow shows the curved posterior margin. Abbreviations: ap = apodemes; as = anterior sclerite; glo = globular structure; psp = posterior spiracle; sar = sclerotized, recurved arches; tsc = transverse sclerite. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A–F); 0.2 mm (G, H).

Male (holotype). Body: reddish-brown, chelicerae and sternum lighter, legs yellow; habitus as in Fig. 5A–C; body length 2.37. Carapace: 1.08 long, 0.89 wide; sides smooth, lateral margin rebordered (Fig. 5D). Eyes: ALE largest, PME smallest; ALE separated from edge of carapace by 0.93 diameters (Fig. 5D, F). Mouthparts: chelicerae straight, proximal region with one hair with elevated hair base; labium rectangular, anterior margin deeply incised; endites slender, distally not branched (Fig. 5E, G, H). Sternum: surface strongly rugose (Fig. 5E). Abdomen: 1.36 long, 0.92 wide; booklung covers ovoid, surface smooth; apodemes present; sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles; posterior spiracles connected by groove (Fig. 5A–C). Palp: orange; 0.79 long (0.24, 0.15, 0.17, 0.23); femur greatly elongated (width/length = 0.61); bulb triangle, tapering anteriorly; psembolus with a long distally widened flat branch (wfb), with a row of combs (brc) at basal half of the branch and numerous “hairs” on distal half of the branch; with a retrolateraly long curved branch (lcb), a short dorsal branch (sdb) and a thin median branch (tmb) (Fig. 6).

Female (paratype, SYNU-655). Body: habitus as in Fig. 7A–C; slightly larger than male; body length 2.57. Carapace: 1.09 long, 0.91 wide. Mouthparts: endites unmodified. Abdomen: 1.60 long, 1.13 wide. Epigastric area: middle part of posterior margin of epigastric scutum curved, with sclerotized recurved arches (sar) between posterior spiracles (psp) (Fig. 7F, G). Endogyne: with narrow, transversally elongated sclerite (tsc); anterior T-shaped sclerite (as) and posterior small globular structure (glo) (Fig. 7G, H).

The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Known only from the type locality, Yunnan Province, China (Fig. 8).

Figure 8. 

Distribution records of three new species from Yunnan, China. 1. Trilacuna cangshan sp. nov.; 2. Trilacuna wumanshan sp. nov.; 3. Trilacuna xiaoheishan sp. nov.