Research Article |
Corresponding author: Chuntian Zhang ( chuntianzhang@aliyun.com ) Academic editor: Pierfilippo Cerretti
© 2024 Ruiqing Dong, Junjian Li, Hui Yang, Chuntian Zhang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Dong R, Li J, Yang H, Zhang C (2024) Three new species and two newly recorded species of Tachininae from Tibet, China (Arthropoda, Insecta, Diptera, Tachinidae). ZooKeys 1191: 215-235. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1191.105549
|
During our studying of the fauna of Tibet, China, many specimens of the subfamily Tachininae (Diptera, Tachinidae) were collected and examined. Three species are described here as new to science, Leskia latisurstyla sp. nov., Trichoformosomyia cuonaensis sp. nov., and Tachina jilongensis sp. nov., and two species, Nemoraea javana (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894) and N. echinata Mesnil, 1953, are newly recorded from Tibet. In addition to their descriptions, illustrations, and diagnoses, three identification keys are provided. The specimens in this study are kept in the Insect Collection of Shenyang Normal University, China (SYNU).
Leskia, Tachina, tachinid, taxonomy, Trichoformosomyia, western China
Tibet (=Xizang) Autonomous Region, China (an area of 1,228,400 km2, 26°50'–36°53'N, 78°25'–99°06'E) in western China is located on the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP).
Biogeographically, Tibet is mostly in the Palaearctic Region, but the southern valleys are at the crossroads of the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. Therefore, the tachinid fauna (Diptera, Tachinidae) of Tibet is a combination of eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, and endemic elements.
During our studying the systematics and diversification of Tachininae (Diptera, Tachinidae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we collected many of specimens of the Tachininae (Diptera, Tachinidae) from Tibet and adjacent northwestern Yunnan in recent years. After careful examination, three species are recognized as new to science, including a species of Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy and a species of Trichoformosomyia Baranov (both in the tribe Leskiini) and a species of Tachina Meigen (tribe Tachinini). Two species of Nemoraea Robineau-Desvoidy are newly recorded from Tibet. Descriptions, illustrations, and diagnoses of the above species are given, and keys to the Chinese species of Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy and Tachina (s.s.) Meigen and of Trichoformosomyia Baranov are provided. The keys serve to revise the higher taxonomic classification of Tachininae.
Leskia Robineau-Desvoidy is a globally distributed genus with 40 described species, three of which are known to occur in China (
Specimens in the study were collected from Tibet, China. The morphological terminology and measurements used in the descriptions follow
1 | Abdominal syntergite 1+2 not medially excavate to posterior margin, without median marginal seta, tergite 5 with discal setae. Abdomen covered with some golden- yellow pruinosity. Genal height about 1/7 of eye height. Prementum 3–3.5 times as long as wide | L. aurea (Fallén) |
– | Abdominal syntergite 1+2 medially excavate to posterior margin, tergites each without discal seta. Abdomen at most covered with grayish-yellow or grayish-white pruinosity. Genal height about 1/4 of eye height. Prementum 3–7 times as long as wide | 2 |
2 | Prementum 3–5 times as long as wide. Tegula dark or yellow. Postgonite wider at middle in later view | 3 |
– | Prementum at least 6 times as long as wide. Katepimeron with 4–5 hairs on anterior half. Tegula dark brown except base yellow, costal spine absent or short. Surstylus bluntly rounded apically in caudal view. Postgonite narrower at middle in later view | L. latisurstyla sp. nov. |
3 | Prementum about 3 times as long as wide. Tegula dark except base brownish yellow, costal spine absent or weak. Surstylus bluntly rounded apically in caudal view | L. miranda Mesnil |
– | Prementum 4–5 times as long as wide. Tegula yellow, costal spine present, slightly shorter than crossvein r-m. Surstylus pointed apically in caudal view | L. flavitegula Zhang |
Holotype : China • ♂ (SYNU-E 19381); Tibet (= Xizang); Linzhi, Bayi Town; 29.7425°N, 94.3189°E; 3000 m elev.; 12.VIII.2013; Q. Wang leg. Paratype: 1♂ (SYNU-E 21575; NW Yunnan; Gongshan County, Dimaluo Village; 27.7470°N, 98.6723°E; 1600 m elev.; 19.V.2007; X.Y. Liu leg.
The specific epithet is derived from the characteristically wide surstylus in caudal view of this species; it is composed from the Latin adjective lati and the noun surstylus.
This species is similar to L. flavitegula Zhang, but it is distinguished from the latter in the height of the gena, which is about 1/4 of eye height, the longer prementum, which is at least 6.5 times as long as wide apical 4/5 of postpedicel dark brown in male, and palpus which is slightly longer than antenna. Discal scutellar setae are slightly shorter than the scutellum length; anepimeral setae 2, katepisternal setae 3; tegula dark brown except for the yellow base. Surstylus wider and bluntly roundedat apex in caudal view, postgonite narrower at middle.
Male. Body length 10.0 mm.
Head (Fig.
Leskia latisurstyla sp. nov. A, B ♂, bodies, dorsal and lateral views C, D ♂, heads, anterior and lateral views E sternite 5, ventral view F phallus (aedeagal apodeme, hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite, basiphallus and distiphallus) of male, lateral view G, H cerci, surstyli and epandrium of male, caudal and lateral views.
Thorax (Fig.
Wing pale brownish yellow, hyaline. Tegula dark brown except for yellow base; basicosta yellow. Lower calypter yellowish white, with short fringe on outer margin; halter yellowish white at middle, reddish yellow in both apexes, with 5–7 fine hairs at apical 1/4; costal spine absent or short; vein 1st and 2nd costal sections with fine hairs ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd, 4th costal sectors approximately as 1:2:1; base of vein R4+5 with 2–3 short setae dorsally and ventrally; vein M from dM-Cu crossvein to its bend about 1.3 times distance between the bend and wing posterior margin; vein M nearly parallel with vein R4+5.
Legs slender, yellow to reddish yellow except tarsi black-brown, with thin, grayish-white pruinosity. Fore claw and pulvillus longer than 5th tarsomere, fore tibia with 2 posterior setae, 1 preapical anterodorsal seta, 1 preapical dorsal, and 1 preapical posteroventral setae. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal, 1 ventral, and 2 posterior setae. Hind tibia with a complete row of anterodorsal setae, 4–5 posterodorsal setae, and 3 anteroventral setae.
Abdomen long ovate, mostly yellow, with yellowish-gray pruinosity, with a dark-brown, broad, trapezoidal median marking on syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3; tergite 4 with pruinosity on basal 1/5 and dark brown on posterior 4/5; tergite 5 brown. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavate to hind margin and with a pair of lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with a pair of lateral marginal and 2 median marginal setae; tergite 4 and 5 each with a row of marginal setae; tergites without discal setae. Posterior sternites 2–4 each with 2 posterior setae.
Sternite 5 and male terminalia as Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Tibet, Yunnan; Fig.
1 | Abdomen with a longitudinal black stripe on mid-dorsal portion of syntergite 1+2–4th tergite; male wing ventrally with many long setae on 1st and 2nd costal sectors and at base of R4+5 | 2 |
– | Abdomen without a longitudinal black stripe on mid-dorsal portion; male wing ventrally with short setae on 1st and 2nd costal sectors and 1–3 rather long setae at base of R4+5 | T. abbreviata Tachi |
2 | Abdominal tergites 3 and 4 without median discal setae | 3 |
– | Abdominal 3 and 4 tergites each with a pair of median discal setae | T. notata Richter |
3 | Postpronotal lobe brown to reddish yellow; basal half of postpedicel reddish yellow on inner surface; coxae and tibiae brown to yellowish; abdominal syntergite 1+2 without median marginal setae | T. sauteri Baranov |
– | Postpronotal lobe dark brown; antenna with postpedicel dark brown; coxae and tibiae dark brown; abdominal syntergite 1+2 with 2 median marginal setae | T. cuonaensis sp. nov. |
Holotype : China • ♂ (SYNU-XZ 21006); Tibet (= Xizang); Shannan Prefecture, Cuona, Mamamenba Village; 27°52'N, 91°47'E; 2796–2850 m elev.; 3.VIII.2021; C.T. Zhang & X.Y. Li leg. Paratype: 1♂ (SYNU-XZ 21007); same locality and date as holotype; JJ Li leg.
The specific epithet is derived from the locality name, Cuona County, southern Tibet, China.
This species is similar to Trichoformosomyia sauteri Baranov, which is distributed in Japan, Russia (southern Far East), China (Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Taiwan), Vietnam, Myanmar. It differs from the latter in having entirely dark-brown antennae and a dark postprontal lobe with gray pruinosity, dark-brown coxae and tibiae, abdominal syntergite 1+2 with 2 median marginal setae.
Male. Body length 9.1 mm.
Head (Fig.
Trichoformosomyia cuonaensis sp. nov. A, B ♂, bodies, dorsal and lateral views C, D ♂, heads, anterior and lateral views E sternite 5, ventral view F, G phallus (ejaculatory apodeme, aedeagal apodeme, hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite, basiphallus and distiphallus) of male, dorsal and lateral views H, I cerci, surstyli and epandrium of male, caudal and lateral views.
Thorax (Fig.
Wing pale brownish, distinctly tinged with pale yellow on basal and anterior portion; tegula and basicosta dark brown. Calypters pale yellowish; lower calypter with short fringe on outer margin and not divergent from scutellum. Halter yellow. Relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th costal sectors approximately as 1:2.1:1. Base and apex of first costal sector with distinctly long setae; dorsally setulae on r4+5 about twice as long as setulae on first and 2nd costal sectors. Base of vein R4+5 to vein r-m with a row of setulae ventrally and 3 setae on basal part dorsally. Bend of vein M bluntly angulated; section of M between crossveins R-M and dM-Cu longer than section between dM-Cu and bend of M, the distance between vein M from crossvein dM-Cu to bend about 2.4 times distance between bend to posterior margin of wing, or slightly shorter than distance between bend to apex of M. Crossvein dM-Cu slightly bent anteriorly. Ultimate section of wing vein CuA1 about 1/2 length of crossvein dM-Cu.
Legs coxae dark brown, with grayish pruinosity; trochanters reddish brown; femora, tibiae, and tarsi dark brown. Claws dark brown; pulvillus pale yellow. Fore claw slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; fore tibia slightly longer than head height, with a row of 4–6 short, anterodorsal setae on upper 2/3; 1 posterior seta; 1 preapical dorsal seta distinctly longer than preapical anterodorsal seta; 1 preapical posteroventral seta. Mid femur with 2 anterior setae on middle and 2 preapical posterodorsal setae. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal, 2 posterior, and 1 ventral seta; 3 preapical dorsal setae, including 1 dorsal, 1 posterodorsal, and 1 posterior setae; 1 preapical anteroventral and 1 preapical posteroventral setae; 2 preapical posterodorsal setae. Hind femur with a row of posteroventral setae on basal half, a row of complete anterodorsal setae, 1 preapical anteroventral seta. Hind tibia with 4–5 anterodorsal setae, 2 strong, 2–3 posterodorsal setae, 4–5 ventral setae (lowest one strong), 3 preapical dorsal setae, 1 preapical anteroventral seta, without distinct preapical posteroventral seta.
Abdomen long, ovate, reddish yellow; dark brown on middle longitudinal portion of tergites, posterior 2/3 of tergite 4 and entire tergite 5; tergite 5 with grayish-white pruinosity on anterior half. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavate to 2/3–3/4, with 2 median marginal setae, with 1 lateral marginal and 3–4 lateral discal setae. Tergites each with erect hairs; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1 lateral discal seta, without median discal seta; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae, without median discal and lateral discal seta; tergite 5 separately with a row of marginal setae and 2 lateral discal setae. Sternite 1 with black hairs on margin.
Sternite 5 and male terminalia as Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Tibet; Fig.
(revised after
1 | Hind coxa with one or more setae on posterodorsal margin. Prosternum bare. Eyes bare or nearly bare. Parafacial with hairs or setulae only. Lower margin of face protruding forward. Ocellar seta proclinate, developed. Occiput without black hairs behind postocular seta row. Antenna with broad postpedicel at most as long as narrower pedicel. Arista bare. Prementum at least 4 times as long as wide. Postpronotum with >3 setae, the strongest of them arranged in a triangle. Proepisternum hary. Inner anterior surface of fore coxa bare or predominantly bare. Legs mostly yellow (at least hind tarsi) or black. Abdomen usually reddish yellow, not metallic, syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to its posterior margin | 2 (Tachina Meigen) |
– | Hind coxa bare on posterodorsal margin. Prosternum setose | other genera |
2 | Legs entirely black (Fig. |
Subgenus Nowickia Wachtl |
– | Legs mostly reddish yellow or black, at least hind tarsi reddish yellow. Palpi slender, cylindric. Male terminalia is a hypopygium circumversum, cerci long triangular, distinctly narrowed and pointed at apical half, with an apical spine and surstylus developed, with a distinct angular lateral incision on the apical lobe in caudal view, sternite 5 large, with a V-shaped median mid-incision at posterior margin and bluntly rounded posterior lobes (Fig. |
3 (Subgenus Tachina Meigen) |
3 | Abdominal syntergite 1+2 without or with 2 median marginal setae (Fig. |
4 |
– | Abdominal syntergite 1+2 with 4–12 median marginal setae (Fig. |
5 |
4 | One presutural and 3 postsutural intra-alar setae, if 1 presutural and 2 postsutural intra-alar setae, then thorax and abdomen without pale hairs |
T. grossa (Linnaeus), T. punctocincta (Villeneuve), T. persica (Portschinsky), T. fera (Linnaeus), T. corsicana (Villeneuve), T. rohdendorfi Zimin, T. metatarsa Chao & Zhou, T. macropuchia Chao, T. magnicornis (Zetterstedt), T. nupta (Rondani) (Fig. |
– | One presutural and 2 postsutural intra-alar setae, pleura of thorax with pale hairs | T. albidopilosa (Portschinsky), T. flavosquama Chao, T praeceps Meigen |
5 | Body black, with black hairs. Calypters black | T. bombidiforma (Chao), T. furcipennis (Chao & Zhou), T. haemorrhoa (Mesnil) |
– | Body color various. Calypters at least white or yellowish | 6 |
6 | Parafacial with yellow or yellowish-white hairs. Postocullar setulae usually short, not hair-like | 7 |
– | Parafacial with blending black and pale hairs, or with black hairs on upper 1/2–3/4 and pale hairs on lower 1/4–1/2. Postocullar setulae slender, hair-like | 14 |
7 | Abdominal tergites 3 and 4 with marginal setae on ventral surface and lateral setae and laterodiscal setae | T. pubiventris (Chao), T. amurensis (Zimin), T. tienmushan Chao & Arnaud, T. sobria Walker, T. gibbiforceps (Chao), T. luteola (Coquillett) |
– | Abdominal tergites 3 and 4 without laterodiscal setae and at most tergite 3 with marginal setae on dorsal and ventral surface. Sternite 2–4 mostly with setae | 8 |
8 | Sternite 2–4 without setae (Fig. |
T. zimini (Chao) |
– | Sternite 2–4 with setae | 9 |
9 | A pair of strong apical scutellar setae straight, not crossed | T. pingbian Chao &Arnaud |
– | A pair of slender apical scutellar setae inclinated, crossed | 10 |
10 | Abdomen long ovate. Legs reddish yellow | T. longiventris (Chao) |
– | Abdomen ovate (Fig. |
11 |
11 | Abdomen gleaming black, without pruinosity, at most with pruinosity in anterior margin on tergites 3 and 4, tergites only with brownish red hairs | T. breviceps (Zimin), T. ursina Meigen, T. zaqu Chao & Arnaud |
– | Abdomen wholly covered with pruinosity on dorsal surface or pruinose belts on basal 1/3–3/5 of tergiters 3 to 5 | 12 |
12 | Tergites 3 to 5 each with distinctly pruinose belt on basal 1/3–3/5 (Fig. |
T. xizangensis (Chao), T. aurulenta (Chao), T. cheni (Chao), T. iota Chao & Arnaud, T. stackelbergi (Zimin), T. ursinoidea (Tothill), T. ardens (Zimin), T. jakovlewii (Portschinsky) |
– | Tergites 3–5 entirely or mostly covered with pruinosity, with pruinose markings, without distinctly pruinose belt. Postpedicel narrower than parafacial | 13 |
13 | Three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral setae | T. lateromaculata (Chao), T. subcinerea Walker, T. ruficauda (Chao) |
– | Four pairs of postsutural dorsocentral setae | T. luteola (Coquillett), T. pulvera (Chao), T. chaoi Mesnil |
14 | Body form bombylid fly-like. Basicosta dark black | T. bombylia (Villeneuve) |
– | Body form not bombylid fly-like. Basicosta yellow or yellowish brown | 15 |
15 | Abdominal gleaming black, without pruinosity | T. breviala (Chao), T. breviceps (Zimin), T. liaoningensis Zhang & Hao, T. qingzangensis (Chao) |
– | Abdomen covered with pruinose belt or pruinosity on dorsal surface | 16 |
16 | Tergites 3–5 without distinctly pruinose belt, at least with even pruinosity on median surface | T. spina (Chao), T. medogensis (Chao & Zhou) |
– | Tergites 3–5 with distinctly pruinose belts or pruinose markings | 17 |
17 | Tergites 4 and 5 each with two grayish-white rectangular lateral pruinose markings | T. laterolinea (Chao) |
– | Tergites with complete pruinose belt or absent, or only tergite 4 with two yellowish white lateral pruinose markings | 18 |
18 | Abdomen black with indistinctly dark yellow lateral markings, tergites 4 and 5 with yellowish-white hairs on dorsal surface | T. ursina Meigen, T. anguisipennis (Chao), T. alticola (Malloch) |
– | Abdomen reddish brown or dark brown with reddish brown on tergites 3 and 4, with broad black median vitta (male), or abdomen completely black except for apex reddish yellow (female). Abdomen only with black hairs on syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 | 19 |
19 | Frons of male narrower, 0.4–0.6 of eye width, parafacial wider postpedicel. Apical scutellar setae crossed, Abdominal syntergite 1+2 at most with 8 median marginal setae, tergites 4 and 5 with brownish-red hairs | T. rohdendorfiana Chao & Arnaud |
– | Frons of male wider, 0.9–1.0 of eye width, or 0.3–0.33 of head width, parafacial of male slightly narrower than postpedicel, scape and pedicel dark brown. Apical scutellar setae parallel, not crossed. Abdominal syntergite 1+2 with 12 median marginal setae, tergite 4 with two yellowish-white pruinose lateral markings and covered with dense, straight, yellowish-white hairs and black hairs on dorsally median portion, only tergite 5 with erect, dense, long, brownish-red hairs (Fig. |
T. jilongensis sp. nov. |
A–C Tachina (Tachina) anguisipennis (Chao) from Dingjie, Tibet D–F T. (s.s.) bombylia (Villeneuve) from Sichuan G–I T. (s.s.) cheni (Chao) from Yaan, Sichuan J–L T. (s.s.) iota (Chao & Arnaud) from Lijiang, Yunnan M–O T. (s.s.) zimini (Chao) from Pingwu, Sichuan, China A, D, G, J, M ♂, bodies in lateral views B, E, H, K, N, bodies in dorsal views C, F, I, L, O bodies in ventral views.
A–C Tachina (Nowickia) atripalpis (Robineau-Desvoidy) from Sangzhuzi, Rikaze, Tibet D–F T. (s.s.) amurensis (Zimin) from Dingjie, Tibet G–I T. (s.s.) spina (Chao) from Xiaojin, Sichuan J–L T. (s.s.) ursinoidea (Tothill) from Lijiang, Yunnan A, D, G, J ♂, bodies in dorsal views B, E, H, K, bodies in lateral views C, F, I, L, bodies in ventral views.
Holotype : China • ♂ (SYNU-XZ 210001); Tibet (=Xizang); Rikaze, Jilong County, Jipu Village, Grand Canyon; 28°22'N, 85°19'E; 2742 m elev.; 21–22.VII.2021; C.T. Zhang & X.Y. Li leg. Paratypes: 3♂ (SYNU-XZ 210002 to 210004); same data as holotype • 1♂ (SYNU-XZ 210005); Tibet; Rikaze, Jilong County, Langjiu Village, Inspection Station; 28°21'N, 85°20'E; 2578–2902 m elev.; 23.VII.2021; C.T. Zhang & X.Y. Li leg.
The specific epithet is taken from Jilong County where the type locality of this species is located.
This species is closely similar to T. rohdendorfiana Chao & Arnaud, but it is distinguished from the latter in having wider frons and parafacial, narrower postpedicel in male, genal height 0.8–0.9 of eye height, apical scutellar setae parallel, abdomen with black median portion which wider than 1/3 of the tergites 3 and 4, tergites 3 with a pair of large, brownish-yellow lateral markings, tergite 4 covered with two yellowish-white lateral pruinose markings, with dense, straight, yellowish-white hairs on lateral surface and black hairs on median dorsal portion, syntergite 1+2 with 12 median marginal and 3–5 lateral marginal and laterodiscal setae, without ventral marginal seta, with black and some yellowish-white hairs on ventral surface, tergites 3 with a complete row of black marginal setae on dossal surfaces, with 1–3 laterodiscal setae and without ventral marginal seta, with black and some yellowish-white hairs on ventral surface, tergite 4 covered with two yellowish-white pruinose lateral markings, with a complete row of marginal setae and black hairs on dorsal and ventral surfaces and 3–5 laterodiscal setae, only tergite 5 entirely black, with erect, dense, long, brownish-red hairs on dorsal and ventral surface and a row of strong, black, discal setae and a row of black marginal setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Sternite 2 with 5–6 setae.
Male. Body length 12–14 mm.
Head (Fig.
Tachina jilongensis sp. nov. A, B ♂, bodies, dorsal and lateral views C, D ♂, heads, anterior and lateral views E sternite 5, ventral view F phallus (aedeagal apodeme, pregonite, postgonite, basiphallus and distiphallus) of male, lateral view G, H cerci, surstyli and epandrium of male, caudal and lateral views.
Thorax (Fig.
Wing hyaline, tinged with brownish; tegula dark brown and basicosta brownish yellow. Upper calypter pale brown except whitish anterior half; lower calypter yellowish white. Halter dark brown on apical 1/2, and brown on basal half. Costal spine absent; second costal sector of wing bare ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately as 2.5:3.5:1; bend of vein M about right-angled; last section of vein Cu about 2/3 as long as crossvein dM-Cu; base of vein R4+5 with 5–6 short, black hairs on dorsal and ventral surfaces; cell R4+5 open.
Legs dark brown except for apex of femora reddish brown; tibiae and tarsi reddish yellow; claws reddish yellow except for dark apex; pulvillus pale yellow. Fore claws and pulvillus longer than 4th and 5th tarsomere combined; first tarsomere with dense, short, yellow, brush-like hairs on ventral surface. Fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; 2 posterior setae; mid femur with 3 anterior setae; mid tibia with a row of strong anterodorsal setae, 5 posteroventral setae, 1 strong ventral seta. Hind femur with a row of anteroventral setae, 3 preapical anterodorsal setae and 3–4 preapical dorsal setae; hind tibia with a row of irregular anterodorsal setae, 4 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae, and apex with 2 dorsal setae, 1 anterior, 1 anteroventral, and 1 posteroventral seta.
Abdomen ovate, black on base; median depression of syntergite 1+2 extending to posterior margin; tergites 3 and 4 each with a pair of large, brownish-yellow lateral markings, and covered with dense, yellowish-white pruinose markings on tergite 4; tergite 5 gleaming black, with a shallow median depression at posterior portion. Syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 with dense, straight, black hairs; tergite 4 with two yellowish-white pruinose lateral markings and covered with dense, straight, yellowish-white hairs, black hairs on dorsal-median portion; tergite 5 with dense, fine, brownish-red hairs. Syntergite 1+2 with 12 (6 pairs of) black, median, marginal setae, 3–5 lateral marginal setae, and 2–4 laterodiscal setae; without ventral marginal seta; with black and some yellowish-white hairs on ventral surface; tergite 3 with a complete row of 24–26 black marginal setae on dorsal surface and 1–3 laterodiscal setae, without ventral marginal seta, with black and some yellowish-white hairs on ventral surface; tergite 4 with a complete row of 30–34 marginal setae, black hairs on dorsal and ventral surfaces, and 3–5 laterodiscal setae; tergite 5 with a row of strong, black discal setae and a row of black marginal setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Sternite 1 with yellowish hairs; sternite 2 with 5–6 setae; sternite 3 with 6–8 setae; sternite 4 with 8 setae. Sternite 5 and male terminalia as Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Tibet; Fig.
Prodegeeria javana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894: 617 [also 1895: 81]. Type locality: Indonesia: Jawa, Tengger Mountains.
Prodegeeria javana:
China – Tibet (= Xizang) • 2♀ (SYNU-XZ 210021, 210022); Rikaze, Dingjie County, Chentang Town, Xuexiongma; 2426–2600 m elev.; 27°86'N, 87°42'E; 27.VII.2021; C.T. Zhang & X.Y. Li leg.
Eye covered with dense hairs. Parafacial bare; lower margin of face protruding forward; upper part of head usually with only one row of black setulae behind postocular setae. Arista thickened at most on basal 2/5 and aristal hairs at most as long as aristal diameter; first and second aristomere each at most as long as its diameter. Palpus dark brown except yellow apex in female. Thorax with brownish-gray pruinosity. Two katepisternal setae; katepisternum and ventral surface of basal abdomen with white hairs. Wing clouded with brown along veins. Lower calypter with long hairs at least dorsally along outer margin. Inner anterior surface of fore coxa covered with appressed setulae; preapical posteroventral seta on hind tibia distinctly shorter than preapical anteroventral seta. Abdominal tergites 3–4 without median discal seta.
China (Zhejiang, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet; Fig.
Nemoraea echinata Mesnil, 1953: 154. Type locality: Myanmar: Kachin, Kambaiti.
Nemoraea echinata:
China – Tibet (= Xizang) • 1♀ (SYNU-XZ 210023); Rikaze, Yadong County, Yadong, Gajvsi temple; 3286 m elev.; 27°48'N, 88°90'E; 29.VII.2021; C.T. Zhang & X.Y. Li leg.
Head and thoracic dorsum with golden-yellow pruinosity. Eye covered with dense hairs. Frons of about 0.5 (male) or 0.6 (female) times of eye width; parafacial nearly bare; upper part of head usually with only 1 row of black setulae behind postocular setae. Antenna with postpedicel 4–5 times as long as pedicel; longest aristal hairs at most as long as aristal diameter. Presutural setae 3 and dorsocentral setae 4; apical scutellar seta absent. Lower calypter with long hairs dorsally on posterior half. Legs black. Fore tibia with 2 posterior setae; mid tibia with 5 anterodorsal and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 4–5 anterodorsal setae. Abdomen ovate, dark, black, with many erect setae and hairs, densely covered with gray or indistinct pruinosity on tergites. Abdominal syntergite 1+2 medially extending back to hind margin, without median marginal setae.
China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet; Fig.
We are thankful to the editor Dr Pierfilippo Cerretti, who kindly proofread the manuscript, carefully checked the references, and gave much help and critical comments throughout our work on the final text. Our special thanks are extended to two anonymous referees and Dr Xuankun Li (China Agricultural University, Beijing, China), for their critical reviews and suggestions. We are grateful to Hiroshi Shima (Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan), James E. O’Hara (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario), Hans-Peter Tschorsnig (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuggart), Ziegler J. Stuttgart (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin) for their assistance to CZ. We are also indebted to Dr Xingyue Liu (China Agricultural University, CAU), Xinyi Li, Bo Hao, and Xusheng Liu (SYNU), Qiang Wang (Shanghai Customs), for their help with collections and photos.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970443, 31750002).
Conceptualization: Z-CT, L-JJ. Data curation: Z-CT and D-RQ. Formal analysis: Z-CT, L-JJ. Writing - original draft: Z-CT, D-RQ. Visualization: D-RQ, Y-H. Funding acquisition: Z-CT. Writing - review and editing: Z-CT, L-JJ, D-RQ.
Ruiqing Dong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-7157
Junjian Li https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1768-4800
Hui Yang https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4837-4887
Chuntian Zhang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-0502
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.