Research Article |
Corresponding author: Kelly B. Miller ( kbmiller@unm.edu ) Academic editor: Christopher Majka
© 2023 Kelly B. Miller, Cesar J. Benetti, Mariano C. Michat.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Miller KB, Benetti CJ, Michat MC (2023) Miradessus gen. nov. from South America described for two species previously in Amarodytes Régimbart, 1900 and two new species (Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera, Adephaga, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Bidessini). ZooKeys 1176: 13-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.104980
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Miradessus gen. nov. is described for two previously described species, Amarodytes pulchellus Guignot, 1955 from Colombia, with new records from Venezuela, and A. plaumanni Gschwendtner, 1935, from Brazil, and two previously unknown species, Miradessus beni sp. nov., from Bolivia and Peru, and Miradessus rikae sp. nov. from Ecuador. The genus is characterized by 1) occipital line absent; 2) basal pronotal striae present; 3) basal elytral stria absent; 4) sutural elytral stria absent; 5) transverse carina on elytral epipleuron at humeral angle absent; 6) distinct marginal bead on anterior clypeal margin absent; and 7) male median lobe deeply multilobed with a dorsal portion separate from a unilobed or bilobed ventral portion.
Se describe a Miradessus gen. nov. para dos especies previamente descriptas, Amarodytes pulchellus Guignot, 1955 de Colombia, con nuevos registros de Venezuela, y A. plaumanni Gschwendtner, 1935, de Brasil, y dos especies previamente desconocidas, Miradessus beni, sp. nov., de Bolivia y Perú, y Miradessus rikae, sp. nov., de Ecuador. El género se caracteriza por 1) línea occipital ausente; 2) estría pronotal basal presente; 3) estría elitral basal ausente; 4) estría elitral sutural ausente; 5) carena transversa en el ángulo humeral del epipleuron elitral ausente; 6) reborde marcado en el margen anterior del clípeo ausente; y 7) lóbulo medio del macho profundamente multilobado con una porción dorsal separada de una porción ventral unilobada o bilobada.
Diving beetle, South America, taxonomy, water beetle
The tribe Bidessini Sharp, 1880 includes an unusually large proportion of genera and species of Dytiscidae (
During a revisionary investigation of the genus Amarodytes Régimbart, 1900 by the authors it became clear that there are several groups of Bidessini species historically involved in the genus that are seemingly more closely related to other groups in Bidessini than to each other. The type species, A. percosioides Régimbart, 1900, is part of a group that includes species with single-segmented lateral lobes that are related to Hydrodessus J. Balfour-Browne, 1953 and Peschetius Guignot, 1942, which also have single-segmented lateral lobes (
Methods for dissections and other treatment of specimens largely follow recommendations by
Specimens from nearly every genus of Bidessini were examined, including multiple species from many of them. Specimens of relevant species treated herein were examined primarily from the following collections:
Measurements were taken with an ocular scale on a Zeiss Discovery V8 dissecting microscope at 50× magnification. Attempts were made to measure the most variable specimens in size and shape to determine the extent of that variation. Measurements include: 1) total length (TL), 2) greatest width across elytra (GW), 3) greatest pronotal width (PW), 4) greatest width of the head (HW), 5) distance between the eyes (EW), 6) greatest length of metatrochanter (RL), and 7) greatest length of metafemur (FL). The ratios TL/GW, HW/EW, and FL/RL were calculated to provide an indication of relative size and shape of certain structures.
Methods for images largely follow
Amarodytes pulchellus Guignot, 1955 by current designation.
Miradessus belongs to the tribe Bidessini based on the presence of bisegmented lateral lobes (Figs
Miradessus species 9, 10 M. beni, male aedeagus 9 median lobe and left lateral lobe, dorsal aspect 10 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 11, 12 M. plaumanni, male aedeagus 11 median lobe and lateral lobes, dorsal aspect 12 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 13, 14 M. pulchellus, male aedeagus 13 median lobe and left lateral lobe, dorsal aspect 14 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 15, 16 M. rikae, male aedeagus 15 median lobe and lateral lobes, dorsal aspect 16 median lobe and right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 17 M. pulchellus, female genitalia, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.
This genus is named Miradessus from the Latin miror, meaning to admire, for the impressive color pattern of these beetles, and dessus, a common root for genera in the tribe Bidessini (gender masculine).
The species in this new genus are characterized by lateral lobes that are distinctly two-segmented like the majority of Bidessini taxa (
Bolivia, Departmento de La Paz, Provincia de Abel Iturralde, San Miguel del Bala, 14°30.602'S, 67°29.555'W.
This species and M. pulchellus are extremely similar externally, with similar overall shape, color pattern, and other features (Figs
Measurements. TL = 2.7–2.8 mm, GW = 1.3–1.4 mm, PW = 1.0–1.1 mm, HW = 0.7–0.8 mm, EW = 0.3–0.4 mm, TL/GW = 2.0–2.1, HW/EW = 1.8–1.9, FL/RL = 2.2–2.3.
Habitus. Body shape elongate-oval, lateral outline somewhat discontinuous between pronotum and elytron, posterior apex narrowly rounded (Fig.
Coloration
(Fig.
Sculpture and structure. Head shiny and smooth, nearly impunctate, with small micropunctures sparsely distributed; eyes moderately large (HW/EW = 1.8–1.9); antennae slender, unmodified. Pronotum with lateral margins moderately curved anteriorly, shallowly curved posteriorly; with narrow bead along entire margin; surface shiny, moderately and evenly punctate; lateral pronotal plica weakly impressed, sublinear, extending about 1/3 distance across pronotum. Elytron with lateral margin evenly and broadly rounded; surface shiny, moderately and evenly punctate. Prosternum medially moderately broad, medially not protruberant, mediolaterally somewhat granular; prosternal process moderately broad medially with slight tubercle, apical blade large, covered with fine setae, laterally with prominent rounded ridges along entire length, medially longitudinally sulcate, lateral margins slightly convergent to narrowly rounded apex (Fig.
Male genitalia. Median lobe in ventral aspect broad, trilobed, with dorso-medial, elongate, slender, apically pointed ramus and another ventral, elongate, apically bilobedramus, with each ramus elongate and slender, medial dorsal ramus much shorter than ventral ramus (Fig.
Sexual dimorphism. Males have the pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III slightly but distinctly broader than in females. Abdominal ventrite VI distinctly concave in lateral aspect in females, but medially more expanded and apically somewhat depressed in males.
Variation. There is some minor variation in shape and extent of coloration of the dorsal and ventral surfaces but otherwise specimens are similar.
This species is named beni after the name Río Beni, the river at the type locality of the species. The name is a noun in apposition.
Miradessus beni is known from the type locality in lowland Departmento de La Paz, Bolivia and from two sites in lowland Peru (Fig.
The type locality is a heavily forested area of the Andean foothills next to a large river. However, nothing is known of the specific collection habitat of this species.
Type material. Holotype (Figs
Miradessus species, primary type specimens and labels 18–20 M. beni, holotype specimen 18 dorsal habitus 19 ventral habitus 20 specimen labels 21–23 M. plaumanni, lectotype specimen 21 dorsal habitus 22 ventral habitus 23 specimen labels 24–26 M. pulchellus, holotype specimen 24 dorsal habitus 25 ventral habitus 26 specimen labels 27–29 M. rikae, holotype specimen 27 dorsal habitus 28 ventral habitus 29 specimen labels. 21–23 courtesy of M. Schwarz (
Paratypes
, 41 total; 6 paratypes (
Amarodytes plaumanni
Gschwendtner, 1935: 152;
Bidessus plaumanni:
Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Nova Teutônia.
This species differs considerably from the other known species in the genus. The anterior area of the dorsal surface of the head is testaceous in this species (Fig.
Measurements. TL = 2.3 mm, GW = 1.2 mm, PW = 0.9 mm, HW = 0.7 mm, EW = 0.4 mm; TL/GW = 2.00, HW/EW = 1.7, FL/RL = 1.9.
Habitus. Body shape elongate-oval, lateral outline discontinuous between pronotum and elytron, posterior apex somewhat acuminate (Fig.
Coloration
(Fig.
Sculpture and structure. Head smooth, nearly impunctate, with small micropunctures sparsely distributed; eyes large (HW/EW = 1.7); antennae slender, unmodified. Pronotum with lateral margins moderately curved anteriorly, almost straight posteriorly; with narrow bead along entire margin; surface moderately punctate, punctures more concentrate along posterior margin; lateral pronotal plica strongly impressed, almost straight, extending more than 1/3 distance across pronotum. Elytron with lateral margin evenly and broadly rounded; surface finely and evenly punctate, with a slightly marked line of punctures with short setae extending medially from base to apex. Prosternum medially moderately broad, medially not protruberant, mediolateral surface somewhat granular; prosternal process moderately broad medially with slight tubercle, apical blade large, laterally with low rounded ridges along entire length, medially longitudinally shallowly sulcate, lateral margins almost straight to narrowly rounded apex (Fig.
Male genitalia. Median lobe in ventral aspect broad, with medial, dorsal elongate very slender, apically sharply pointed portion and ventral, broad, flattened, apically broadly rounded portion, dorsal portion slightly longer than ventral portion (Fig.
Sexual dimorphism and variation. Males have the pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III slightly but distinctly broader than in females.
Nothing is known of the habitat of this species.
Type specimens. Five syntype specimens are in
Amarodytes pulchellus
Guignot, 1955: 273;
Colombia.
See above under the very similar M. beni for diagnosis.
Measurements. TL = 2.6–2.8 mm, GW = 1.3–1.4 mm, PW = 1.0–1.2 mm, HW = 0.6–0.8 mm, EW = 0.3–0.4 mm, TL/GW = 1.9–2.1, HW/EW = 1.7–1.8, FL/RL = 2.2–2.3.
Habitus. Body shape elongate-oval, lateral outline somewhat discontinuous between pronotum and elytron, posterior apex narrowly rounded (Fig.
Coloration
(Fig.
Sculpture and structure. Head shiny and smooth, nearly impunctate, with small micropunctures sparsely distributed; eyes large (HW/EW = 1.7–1.8); antennae slender, unmodified. Pronotum with lateral margins moderately curved anteriorly, shallowly curved posteriorly; with narrow bead along entire margin; surface shiny, moderately and evenly punctate; lateral pronotal plica weakly impressed, sublinear, extending about 1/3 distance across pronotum. Elytron with lateral margin evenly and broadly rounded; surface shiny, moderately, and evenly punctate. Prosternum medially moderately broad, medially not protruberant, mediolaterally somewhat granular; prosternal process moderately broad medially with slight tubercle, apical blade large, with fine setae, laterally with low rounded ridges along entire length, medially longitudinally shallowly sulcate, lateral margins slightly convergent to narrowly rounded apex (Fig.
Male genitalia. Median lobe in ventral aspect broad, trilobed, with medial, dorsal elongate slender, apically pointed portion and ventral, elongate apically bilobed portion, with each ramus elongate and apically truncate, medial dorsal portion nearly as long as ventral portions (Fig.
Female genitalia
(Fig.
Sexual dimorphism. Males have the pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III slightly but distinctly broader than in females. Abdominal ventrite VI strongly concave in lateral aspect in females, but medially somewhat swollen and apically with a broadly rounded depression in males.
Variation. There is some minor variation in extent of coloration of the dorsal surface, but otherwise specimens are similar.
Miradessus pulchellus was described from Colombia, without greater specificity. Specimens were examined from numerous localities throughout northwestern Venezuela (states of Barinas, Guarico, Lara, Portuguesa, Tachira, Trujillo, and Zulia) (Fig.
Specimens have been collected mainly from exposed and sunny areas in lotic margins (small rivers and streams) and nearby pools. They are often numerous in these habitats.
Type specimens. Holotype male (Figs
Other material examined. 134 total examined, all from Venezuela (
Species | Accession numbers |
---|---|
Miradessus pulchellus | SEMC1029297, SEMC1029305, SEMC1029315, SEMC1029333, SEMC1029334, SEMC1029343, SEMC1044663, SEMC1044678, SEMC1044683, SEMC1044698, SEMC1044732, SEMC1044735, SEMC1044741, SEMC1044744, SEMC1044745, SEMC1044977, SEMC1044981, SEMC1045044, SEMC1045069, SEMC1045633, SEMC852659, SEMC852661, SEMC852662, SEMC852666, SEMC852669, SEMC852670, SEMC852674, SEMC852675, SEMC852677, SEMC852679, SEMC852680, SEMC852686, SEMC852690, SEMC852695, SEMC852702, SEMC852703, SEMC852708, SEMC852711, SEMC852712, SEMC852723, SEMC852726, SEMC852730, SEMC852745, SEMC852746, SEMC852752, SEMC852753, SEMC852762, SEMC852763, SEMC852765, SEMC852768, SEMC852783, SEMC852784, SEMC852785, SEMC852786, SEMC852789, SEMC852806, SEMC852816, SEMC852821, SEMC856675, SEMC856676, SEMC856678, SEMC856680, SEMC856681, SEMC856682, SEMC856683, SEMC856685, SEMC856686, SEMC856687, SEMC856688, SEMC856689, SEMC856692, SEMC856693, SEMC856694, SEMC856695, SEMC856696, SEMC856697, SEMC856699, SEMC856700, SEMC856701, SEMC856702, SEMC856703, SEMC856704, SEMC856707, SEMC856718, SEMC856720, SEMC856721, SEMC856724, SEMC856726, SEMC856727, SEMC856728, SEMC856734, SEMC856737, SEMC856738, SEMC856739, SEMC856740, SEMC856758, SEMC856759, SEMC856760, SEMC856761, SEMC857535, SEMC857537, SEMC857548, SEMC857550, SEMC857551, SEMC857552, SEMC864033, SEMC864036, SEMC864077, SEMC864082, SEMC875224, SEMC875225, SEMC875247, SEMC875248, SEMC875250, SEMC875254, SEMC876023, SEMC876024, SEMC876056, SEMC876058, SEMC876060, SEMC876064, SEMC876078, SEMC876080, SEMC876095, SEMC876313, SEMC879014, SEMC880761, SEMC880779, SEMC880782, SEMC880785, SEMC880799, SEMC880802, SEMC880810 |
Ecuador, Pastaza, Puyo.
This species is shorter and more robust (Fig.
Measurements. TL = 2.2 mm, GW = 1.2 mm, PW = 0.9 mm, HW = 0.6 mm, EW = 0.4 mm, TL/GW = 1.8, HW/EW = 1.5, FL/RL = 2.0.
Habitus. Body shape elongate-oval, lateral outline discontinuous between pronotum and elytron, posterior apex narrowly rounded (Fig.
Coloration
(Fig.
Sculpture and structure. Head shiny and smooth, nearly impunctate, with small micropunctures sparsely distributed; eyes large (HW/EW = 1.5); antennae slender, unmodified. Pronotum with lateral margins moderately curved; with narrow bead along entire margin; surface shiny, moderately and evenly punctate; lateral pronotal plica distinctly impressed, sublinear, extending about 1/3 distance across pronotum. Elytron with lateral margin strongly curved anteriorly in dorsal aspect, evenly curved to apex; surface shiny, moderately and evenly punctate. Prosternum medially moderately broad, medially not protruberant, mediolaterally somewhat granular; prosternal process moderately broad medially with slight tubercle, apical blade large, laterally with prominent rounded ridges along entire length, medially longitudinally sulcate, lateral margins slightly convergent to narrowly rounded apex. Metaventrite and metaventral wings smooth and shiny, covered with shallow punctures (Fig.
Male genitalia. Median lobe in ventral aspect conspicuously trilobed, with medial portion short and broad, apically expanded and subtruncate, apicolateral angles with short setae, ventral portions elongate, slender, apically narrowly rounded (Fig.
Sexual dimorphism. Only males are known.
Variation. The two specimens exhibit slight variation in the shape and extent of maculation on the dorsal surface, but they are otherwise similar.
This species is named rikae after Ms Rikelle Timpe, close friend of the first author.
Miradessus rikae is known from two sites in Ecuador (Fig.
The two known specimens were collected at blacklights, so nothing is known of the specific habitat. The two collection localities are in forested regions of lowland Ecuador.
Type material. Holotype male (Figs
1 | Anterior surface of head brown (Fig. |
Miradessus plaumanni |
– | Anterior surface of head yellow-orange (Figs |
2 |
2 | Body short and robust (Fig. |
Miradessus rikae |
– | Body more elongate and slender (Figs |
3 |
3 | Male median lobe with medial portion elongate, nearly as long as ventral portions, with distinct laterally divergent pencils of setae apically (Fig. |
Miradessus pulchellus |
– | Male median lobe with medial portion much shorter than ventral portions, apex with series of setae (Fig. |
Miradessus beni |
Miradessus beni Miller, Benetti & Michat, sp. nov. (Bolivia, Peru, Fig.
Miradessus plaumanni (Gschwendtner, 1935), comb. nov. (Brazil, Fig.
Miradessus pulchellus (Guignot, 1955), comb. nov. (Colombia, Venezuela, Fig.
Miradessus rikae Miller, Benetti & Michat, sp. nov. (Ecuador, Fig.
CJB thanks CNPq and FAPEAM for a post-doctoral fellowship (processes 302031/2015-4, 104231/2018-1, and 160666/2019-8); CNPq and FAPEAM PROTAX program (process 440616/2015-8); Spain Ministry of Universities and NextGenerationEU (María Zambrano Program). Thanks to M. Schwarz (
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
Portions of this project were funded by NSF grants #DEB–1353426, #DEB–0845984 and #DEB–0816904 (KBM and A.E.Z. Short, PIs).
All authors contributed to this work.
Cesar J. Benetti https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-2194
Mariano C. Michat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-7976
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.